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Luyn Thi & Bi Dng Kin Thc: 18A/88 inh Vn T - TP.
Hi Dng
DANH PHP HP CHT HU C

I) Cc loi danh php:
Danh php th.
Danh php trao i VD: 1,4ioxaxiclohexan; Hexan-1-thiol
Danh php gc chc: imetyl xeton
Danh php dung hp: dng cho vng ngng t:
benzo[b]furan
benzo[a]tetracene
Danh php kt hp: Dng cho cht hu c to ra t mt b phn mch h kt hp vi b

phn mch vng:
COOH
axit xiclohexanpropanoic
Danh php cng: do cng cc hp phn m khng bt i phn t no:

VD:
etilen + oxi etilenoxit
phenyl +phenyl biphenyl
metyl +oxi metoxy
Tetrahidrofuran....
Danh php tr:
+ Tin t tr: e; an(tch hn) nor( thay CH3 bng H)...
norbornan
bornan
VD:
+ Hu t tr: en, in, yl,ylen...
Tn nhn: Cc cu trc tng t ni nhau bng nhm a ha tr i xng: CH2 , N ,O
|
CHO
COOH
CHO
VD:
2,4'-Oxidibenzandehit
COOH
Axit nitrilotriaxetic
COOH
Tn d vng.
II) Cc tin t.
Tin t bi: i, tri, tetra... (s lng nhm th n gin),bis, tris, tetrakis, pentakis (s
lng nhm th phc tp) ...(khng c k vo khi vo trnh t nhm th, nu trong nhm th
phc tp th c tnh)
2,12-dimethyl-6,10-bis(3-methylbutan-2-yl)tetradecane
HOOC
COOH
4-(difluoromethyl)-3-ethylheptanedioic acid
Tin t cu to: ch nhm th (metyl, hiroxi..), gn vi phn nn: Xiclo, bixiclo, tn t tr

(nor, e, an...)
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III) Nhng quy tc chung:

Mch chnh: Cha nhm chc u tin nht, cha nhiu lin kt bi (u tin ni i), di nht,
nhiu nhnh nht, nh s nh nht...
Axit > anhirit > este > halogenua axit > amit > anehit > xeton > ancol > amin > ete
Cc nhnh gi theo th t A,B,C ca ch ci u tin ca tn nhnh
nh s: T u mch, gn nhm u tin, s nh nht, u tin nhm gi trc.
Cu 1:
4-ethyl-5-methyloctane
5-ethyl-4,7-diisopropyl-6
-(3-methylbutan-2-yl)decane
4-ethyl-3-methylheptane
Cu 2:
(E)-4-methylpent-2-ene
(3E,5E)-4-isopropyl
hepta-1,3,5-triene
2-ethylbuta-1,3-diene
3,3-dimethylbut-1-ene
(Z)-2,4-diethylhexa-1,4-diene
5-ethyl-4-methylene
-2-propylocta-1,7-diene
Cu 3: C c lin kt 2 v lin kt 3: mch nhiu lin kt bi nht, di nht, nhiu lin kt i

nht, nh s locant ca lin kt bi nh nht, locant ca lin kt i nh nht.
pent-1-en-4-yne
(E)-hex-4-en-1-yne
(E)-4-(pentan-3-yl)oct-5-en-2-yne
(E)-dodeca-7-en-1,9-diyne
(2E,5E,10E)-8-(pent-4-ynyl)trideca-2,5,10-triene
(2Z,6E)-4-(prop-2-ynyl)nona-2,6-diene
(7E)-6-((Z)-pent-1-enyl)undeca-7-en-1,4-diyne
(8E)-6-((E)-but-2-enyl)undec-8-en-1-yne
(3Z,7E)-5-(pent-4-ynyl)undeca-1,3,7,10-tetraene
(7Z)-6-((E)-hex-1-enyl)dodeca-7-en-1,4-diyne
CHEMISTRY CLUB - HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH

Mr Xun Qunh 09798.17.8.85 09367.17.8.85 Website: http://hoahoc.org E_mail: admin@hoahoc.org
-2-
Luyn Thi & Bi Dng Kin Thc: 18A/88 inh Vn T - TP.Hi Dng
Cu 4: Cc xicloankan
1,4-diethyl-2,5dimethylcyclohexane
(2-cyclobutylcyclopropyl)
cyclopentane
cyclopropyl
cyclopentane
((E)-pent-1-enyl)
cyclopropane
Cu 5: Cc vng khng no
(cyclopent-2-enyl)
cyclohexane
1-ethyl-2-methyl
cyclopenta-1,3-diene
cyclodeca-1,6-diyne
cyclodecyne
3-(cyclobuta-1,3-dienyl)
cyclopent-1-ene
2-(cyclohexa-2,5-dienyl)
cyclohexa-1,3-diene
4-((3E,6Z)-cyclonona-3,6-dienyl)cyclodec-1-yne
Cu 6: Cc vng thm:
Dng nn l cc tn thng thng
nh s: t phn t sao cho ti a s vng nm trn trc ngang, nm bn phi trc ng.
Bt u t nguyn t C ring u tin ca gc phi pha trn gn trc ng nht
benzene
naphthalene
acenaphthylene
anthracene
acephenanthrylene
phenanthrene
aceanthrylene
5-cyclopropyl-1,2,9,10-tetramethylacephenanthrylene
1,2-dimethyl-4,7-divinyl
acenaphthylene
3,6,10-trimethylaceanthrylene
Cu 7: Vng chung nh v vng cu ni

Spiro[cc s C ring] tn hirocacbon
nh s: t nguyn t C ring u tin ca vng nh, theo chiu mch C, locant nh nht.
Spiro[2.3]hexan
Spiro[4.5]decan
Spiro[4.5]deca-1,6,8-trien
7,9-Dietyl-1,4dimetyl-8isopropyl
Spiro[4.5]decan

Cu 8: Gi tn cc dn xut sau (cc nhm th ch c tn dng tin t)

Br
Cl
Cl
Cl
Br
Br
4-bromo-1-chloro-3(iodomethyl)pentane
I
3-(bromomethyl)-1chloro-4-iodopentane
Br
Cl
I
2-bromo-4-chloro
-3-iodopentane
Br
3,3-dibromo-7-chloro5-iodohept-1-ene
NO2
NO
Cl
Cl
2-chloro-1-isopropyl
-4-methylbenzene
1-methyl-3-nitro
cyclopentane
5-nitrosocyclo
penta-1,3-diene
cloro(xiclopropyl)metan
Cl
Cl Br
I
Cl
Cl
I
Cl
4,7-dicloro-5,6-dietenyl-1,2diiodospiro[2.4]hept-1-en
Cl Br
1,2-dichloro-4,7,7-trimethyl
bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene
2,6-dibromo-2',6'-dicloroBiphenyl
Bi 9: Gi tn cc ancol v phenol:
OH
HO
HO
HO
OH
HO
propane-1,2-diol 2-methylenebutane-1,4-diol
OH
OH
hex-5-ene-1,2,4-triol
OH
HO
OH
OH
HO
2-pentyl
propane-1,3-diol
OH
HO
cyclohex-3-enol
Xiclopentan
-1,2-dietanol
OH
m-cresol
2-phenylethanol
OH
OH
OH
resorcinol 2,5-dimethylphenol
OH
HO
2-(4-hydroxycycloheptyl)cyclohexane-1,4-diol
OH
OH
naphthalene-1,3-diol
Biphenyl-2,3',4',6-tetraol HO
Biphenyl-2,4,4',6-tetraol HO
HO
2,5-diphenylphenol
HO
HO
4-(2,6-dihidroxiphenyl)benzen-1,2-diol
p-terphenyl-2'-ol
HO
2-(naphthalen-6-yl)phenol
OH
2-phenylnaphthalen-1-ol
OH
antraxen-9-ol
HO
OH
HO
(4-droxiphenyl)benzen-2,4,6-triol
OH HO
2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)naphthalen-1-ol

-4-
Cu 10: Cc ete: Danh php th, danh php gc chc, danh php trao i
O propilen oxit
Bis(1-metyl-etyl)ete
1,4-dioxane
O
methoxyethane
O
O
O
2-methyloxirane
Etyl metyl ete 2-isopropoxypropane
1,4-dioxaxiclohexan
anisole
bis(methoxymethoxy)methane
O
O
O
O
O
2,4,6,8-tetraoxanonan
Metyl phenyl ete
Cu 11: Cc anehit: danh php th, kt hp. Xeton: danh php th, danh php gc chc.
CHO
CHO
CHO
OHC
OHC
CHO
OHC
2-vinylhept-6-ynal
CHO
CHO
3-((E)-buta-1,3-dienyl)
hexanedial
OHC
CHO
3-(formylmethyl)
hexanedial
butane-1,2,4-tricarbaldehyde
CHO
CHO
CHO
6,7,9,10-tetraetylspiro[4.5]
deca-6,9-dien-2,3-dietanal
cyclohexanecarbaldehyde
naphthalene-1,2-dicarbaldehyde
3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexaethylhexahydro-2-methyl
-2H-indene-1,3-dione
O
O
O
butane-2,3-dione
O
butan-2-one
indene
O
1,2,3,4,5,6-hexaetyl
bixiclo[4.3.0]nonan-7,9-dion
cyclopentanone cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione
Cu 12: Cc axit gi tn tng t cc andehit.

HOOC
HOOC
COOH
COOH
COOH
propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid
COOH
COOH
3-(carboxymethyl)pentanedioic acid
cyclohexanecarboxylic acid
Cu 13: Cc amin gi tn tng t cc ancol

NH2
NH2
hex-5-en-2-amine
p-toluidine
NH2
H2N
ethane-1,2-diamine
NH2
cyclopentanamine
N
N
NH
diethylamine
N,N-dimethyl
NH
N-methylethanamine ethanamine
N
H
pyrrolidine
N
H
1H-pyrrole
1-methylpiperidine
Cu 14: Cc mui: Kim loi + gc axit

COO
COONa
sodium propionate
Ca
Kali hidroglutaric
HOOC
COOK
HOOC
COOK
COO
Canxi diaxetat potassium 4-carboxybutanoate potassium 4-carboxypentanoate
Cu 15: Este c gi theo danh php gc chc. Este ni = tn axit ic + lacton

HOOC
COOCH3
Metyl hidroglutaric
methyl cyclohexanecarboxylate 4-(methoxycarbonyl)butanoic acid
COOCH3
C2H5OOC
COOCH3
ethyl methyl succinate


O
O
-butyrolacton
H3CCOO
dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one
COO
COOC2H5
ethyl 4-acetoxybutanoate
4-Metylphenyl 4-isopropylbenzoat
Cu 16: Cc hp cht tp chc: Chn mt nhm u tin dng hu t, cc nhm khc dng tin
t.
COOH
CHO
COOH
COOH
HOOC
COOH
OH
O
O
2-hydroxybutanoic acid 2-oxobutanoic acid 2-formylpentanedioic acid tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid
COOH
CN
OH
H 2N
HO
Cl
Cl
1-amino-2-chloro-4-ethyl-6hydroxyhexan-3-one
O
CHO
COOH
HOOC
2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3tricarboxylic acid
COCH3
CN
4-(chloromethyl)cyclopentane
-1,2-dicarbonitrile
H2N 5-aminohexanamide
OHC
CONH2
4-oxocyclohexanecarbaldehyde
3-acetylbenzaldehyde
Cu 15: Cc cht d vng: c s l ir, et, ol, in, ep, oc, on, ec
N
H
azirine
N
azete
N
H
Azole
N
azain
NH
N
H
NH
HN
aziridine azetidine pyrrolidine piperidine
NH
N
HN
azepin
azocin
azonin
NH
NH
HN
azepane
azocane
azonane
N
azecine
NH
azecane
NH
NH
1,2-dihydroazete
HN
2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrole 1,2-dihydropyridine
HN
(Z)-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-azepine

-6-
BI TP N LUYN
.............................
............................
.............................
.............................
............................
............................
.............................
............................
CHO
.............................
............................
.............................
............................
COOH
COOH
CHO
COOH
..................................................
...................................................
..................................................
...................................................
COOH
..................................................
...................................................
HOOC
............................................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
..................................................
...................................................
..................................................
...................................................
COOH
..................................................
...................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
............................................................................. .............................................................................
.............................................................................
......................................................
...................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
..............................................................................................................

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................................................... ..............................................................
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....................................................
........................................................................
.............. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .................. ..
... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .................. .. .. .. .. .. .. .
.. .. .. .. .. .................. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .................. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .
......... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .................... .. .. .
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. .. .. .................. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ......

-8-
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
...............................................................
....................................................
................................................................
Br
Cl
Cl
Cl
Br
Br
Cl
Br
Br
....................................................
....................................................
...............................................................
....................................................
....................................................
................................................................
NO 2
NO
Cl
Cl
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
Cl
Cl Br
I
Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
I
Cl
Cl Br
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
OH
OH
HO
HO
HO
OH
HO
OH
HO
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
OH
OH
OH
HO
OH
HO
HO
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
....................................................
OH
OH
OH
OH
.................................
.................................
OH
OH
.................................
....................................................
OH
....................................................


HO
OH
HO
HO
HO
HO
......................................................................
OH
HO
HO
......................................................................
......................................................................
HO
OH HO
OH
......................................................................
......................................................................
......................................................................
O
O
.............................................
.............................................
.............................................
.............................................
O
......................................................................
......................................................................
CHO
CHO
CHO
OHC
CHO
OHC
OHC
CHO
CHO
......................................................................
......................................................................
......................................................................
......................................................................
OHC
CHO
CHO
CHO
CHO
......................................................................
...................................................................... ......................................................................
O
O
....................................................
O
indene
....................................................
......................................................................
......................................................................
......................................................................
....................................................
....................................................
HOOC
HOOC
COOH
COOH
COOH
......................................................................
COOH
COOH
......................................................................
......................................................................

10-
NH2
NH2
NH2
NH2
H 2N
............................................................. .............................................................
............................................................. .............................................................
N
N
NH
N
H
N
H
NH
...............................
...............................
...............................
...............................
...............................
...............................
...............................
...............................
...............................
...............................
...............................
...............................
COO
COONa
Ca
HOOC
COO
...............................
...............................
...............................
...............................
................................................................
HOOC
COOCH3
................................................................
................................................................
C O O C 2H 5
..................................................................................
.....................................................
COOH
HOOC
.....................................................
COO
..................................................................................
CHO
COOH
OH
.....................................................
COOH
.....................................................
COOH
CN
OH
H 2N
COOH
.....................................................
HO
Cl
COOH
CN
Cl
HOOC
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
H 2N
O
N
...................
COCH3
OHC
CHO
CO NH2
..................................................................................
...................
COOCH3
C 2H 5O O C
O
H 3C C O O
N
H
COOK
................................................................
................................................................
HOOC
COOCH3
COOK
N
H
...................
..................................................................................
N
...................
..................................................................................
NH
HN
........................
........................
........................
........................


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Luyn Thi & Bi Dng Kin Thc: 18A/88 inh Vn T - TP.

DANH PHP HP CHT HU C

Danh php kt hp: Dng cho cht hu c to ra t mt b phn mch h kt hp vi b

Danh php cng: do cng cc hp phn m khng bt i phn t no:

Tin t cu to: ch nhm th (metyl, hiroxi..), gn vi phn nn: Xiclo, bixiclo, tn t tr

TT LUYN THI & BI DNG KIN THC NGY MI

III) Nhng quy tc chung:

Cu 3: C c lin kt 2 v lin kt 3: mch nhiu lin kt bi nht, di nht, nhiu lin kt i

CHEMISTRY CLUB - HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH

Cu 7: Vng chung nh v vng cu ni

WWW.HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH

TT LUYN THI & BI DNG KIN THC NGY MI

Cu 8: Gi tn cc dn xut sau (cc nhm th ch c tn dng tin t)

CHEMISTRY CLUB - HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH

Cu 12: Cc axit gi tn tng t cc andehit.

Cu 13: Cc amin gi tn tng t cc ancol

Cu 14: Cc mui: Kim loi + gc axit

Cu 15: Este c gi theo danh php gc chc. Este ni = tn axit ic + lacton

ethyl methyl succinate

WWW.HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH

TT LUYN THI & BI DNG KIN THC NGY MI

CHEMISTRY CLUB - HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH

WWW.HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH

TT LUYN THI & BI DNG KIN THC NGY MI

. .. .. .................. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ......

CHEMISTRY CLUB - HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH

WWW.HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH

TT LUYN THI & BI DNG KIN THC NGY MI

CHEMISTRY CLUB - HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH

WWW.HOAHOC.ORG NG XUN QUNH

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