MC LC

Trang
MC LC..................................................................................................................................1 LI NI U............................................................................................................................2 Phn I. GII THIU CHUNG....................................................................................................3
I. Gii thiu v cng ty.......................................................................................................................3 II. Ni quy an ton lao ng..............................................................................................................5

Phn II. QUY TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT.................................................................10

II.1. Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut Terpin Hydrat...........................................................................10 II.1.1. Tng quan v Terpin Hydrat.................................................................10 II.1.2. Nguyn liu.......................................................................................... 12 II.1.3. Nguyn tc phn ng...........................................................................13 II.1.4. Quy trnh sn xut................................................................................ 15 II.1.5. nh gi dy chuyn sn xut v sn phm........................................20 II.1.6. Cc thit b s dng............................................................................. 20 II.1.7. Kt lun................................................................................................ 20 II.2. Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut 1,2-diethyl phthalate (D.E.P)....................................................21 II.2.1. Tng quan v D.E.P..............................................................................21 II.2.4. Quy trnh sn xut................................................................................ 23 II.3. Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut St (II) oxalate..........................................................................28 II.3.1. Tng quan v St (II) oxalate...............................................................28 A.Cu to....................................................................................................... 28 II.3.5. Cc thit b s dng............................................................................. 37 II.3.6. Kt lun ............................................................................................... 37

Phn III. CC THIT B CHNH DNG TRONG SN XUT............................................37

III.1. Thit b phn ng....................................................................................................................37 III.1.1. Thit b phn ng cho Terpin Hydrat...........................................37 III.1.2. Thit b phn ng to DEP, ST OXALAT ...........................................39

III.5.2. Thit b sy in.................................................................................. 46 III.5.3. Ni quy s dng.................................................................................. 48 III.10. H thng thit b c chn khng............................................................................................54

KT LUN...............................................................................................................................56

LI NI U
Ngy nay khi x hi ngy cng pht trin, i km theo n l mi trng ngy cng b nhim nng n hn, nguy c mc bnh ca con ngi cng tng ln. Do vai tr ca thuc cng lc cng quan trng vi i sng ca mi ngi. Nhu cu s dng thuc tng ln ko theo nhu cu v sn xut cc t dc, dc cht, cc dng bo ch cng tr nn cp thit. Ngnh cng nghip Ha Dc nc ta ang tng bc pht trin p ng c nhu cu . nng cao kin thc thc t v chun b cho qu trnh cng tc sau ny, chng em c nh trng v b mn Ha Dc & HCBVTV gii thiu cho i thc tp ti Cng ty c phn Ha Dc Vit Nam. L mt n v c truyn thng trong lnh vc sn xut t dc v thuc, cng ty l a im thc tp ca cc lp Ha Dc t kha 45 cho n nay. Mc ch l cho chng em c c hi c tip cn thc t lm vic sn xut, c mt ci nhn ng n v trin vng pht trin ca ngnh Ha Dc cn ang non tr v b sung cc kin thc c hc trong trng. Trong qu trnh thc tp, c s ch bo tn tnh ca cc cn b k thut, cc ch t trng v anh ch cng nhn, chng em c tham quan tm hiu nhiu phn xng ca cng ty. Sau y em xin trnh by bo co v 3 sn phm ca cng ty, bao gm : - Phn xng sn xut Tecpin hydrat Phn xng sn xut DEP Phn xng sn xut Cao ng Dc

Trong bn bo co ny em xin c trnh by li nhng g mnh thu thp c trong thi gian thc tp ti Cng ty c phn Ha Dc Vit Nam.

Phn I. GII THIU CHUNG

I. Gii thiu v cng ty
I.1. Lch s thnh lp Cng ty c phn Ha Dc Vit Nam vi tin thn l X nghip thy tinh Ha Dc H Ni c thnh lp ngy 23/9/1966. Sau c tch thnh hai x nghip l: x nghip Thy Tinh v x nghip Ha Dc H Ni. X nghip Ha Dc H Ni c nhim v sn xut cc nguyn liu ban u lm thuc v sn xut mt s sn phm thuc n gin vi khong hn 40 mt hng, do nh nc cung ng v bao tiu. L n v sn xut nguyn liu lm thuc duy nht ng Dng, nhng vi qui m sn xut nh, c ch hot ng bao cp, x nghip hu nh khng pht trin. n nm 2004, b trng B Y T ph duyt phng n c phn ha, v ngy 8 thng 12 nm 2004, quyt nh s 4420/Q- BYT c k, X nghip chnh thc c tn giao dch mi l Cng ty c phn Ha Dc Vit Nam. Tn giao dch quc t : VIET NAM CHEMICO PHARMACEUTICAL JOINT STOCK COMPANY. Tn vit tt : VCP Sau khi thnh lp Cng ty c phn Ha Dc Vit Nam c S k hoch v u t Thnh ph H Ni cp Giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh s 0103007195. ng k ln u ngy 29 thng 03 nm 2005. ng k thay i ln th nht ngy 17 thng 07 nm 2006. I.2. C s vt cht t ai, nh xng a im : s 192 c Giang Gia Lm (Cch H Ni 12km) Din tch t : 14.141 m2 Nh sn xut : 380 m2 in thoi : 043.8533396/5639852 Fax : 04.8534148 I.3. C cu t chc Ban gim c v hi ng qun tr :

 Tng s cn b nhn vin

: 194 ngi

Cng nhn trc tip sn xut : 91ngi Cc phng ban chc nng gm : Phng TC HC, Phng KH CT, Phng KT NC, Phng KN. Phn xng sn xut : 02 phn xng. - Phn xng Ha dc : gm 3 t sn xut v t c in, ni hi. - Phn xng bo ch : gm 2 t sn xut (Dp vin v ng gi). I.4. Trnh cng ngh Hu ht cc my mc thit b u s dng t nhiu thp nin trc y nn xung cp, lc hu. Phn ln cc cng ngh, dy chuyn sn xut l do cn b cng ty t nghin cu, thit k, trin khai lp t cc thit b nhp khu khng ng b hoc ch to trong nc. Quy m sn xut nh, nng sut sn xut cn thp. I.5. Ngun nguyn liu Ngun nguyn liu trong nc: Ch yu l cc loi qung, mui khong, axit, kim, cc loi mui v c v cc loi dc tho phi kh. Ngun nguyn liu ngoi nhp :Quan trng nht l cc loi ha cht hu c c bn v trung gian. Do ngnh cng nghip ha cht trong nc cha p ng c nn nguyn liu ny ch yu nhp khu. Phn ln l t Trung Quc, Pakistan. I.6. Ngnh ngh kinh doanh Sn xut bun bn, xut nhp khu cc loi nguyn liu, ph liu, bao b lm thuc. Kinh doanh dc phm, ng dc, thuc y hc c truyn dn tc. Sn xut, bun bn, xut nhp khu ha cht ( Tr ha cht nh nc cm). Dch v khoa hc k thut v chuyn giao cng ngh trong lnh vc Dc. Dch v t chc hi ch trin lm, hi ngh, hi tho, qung co thng mi. L hnh ni a, quc t v cc dch v phc v khch du lch. Vn ti hang ha, vn chuyn hnh khch.

 Cho thu kho bi, nh xng, vn phng. Mi gii v kinh doanh bt ng sn. Sn xut v mua bn m phm, thc phm cc sn phm dinh dng, sn phm v sinh vt t v trang thit b y t. Nui trng v ch bin dc liu ( tr loi nh nc cm). Sn xut mua bn bnh ko, ung c cn v ung khng cn, mua bn thuc l (khng bao gm kinh doanh qun bar). Sn xut v mua bn hng in, in t, in lnh, tin hc, dng c nhn v dng gia nh. Sn xut v mua bn phn mm. Xy dng cc cng trnh dn dng, cng nghip. Dch v u t mi gii thng mi v y thc xut nhp khu.

II. Ni quy an ton lao ng

II.1. Ni quy lm vic ti xng sn xut Khi s dng thit b,dng c v vt t k thut trong xng sn xut, ngi lao ng phi nm vng nguyn l vn hnh thit b. Khi c s c xy ra phi bo ngay cho ph trch n v bit, phi bo qun tt ti sn ca xng. Khi lm vic ti phn xng sn xut, ngi lm vic phi c trang b bo h lao ng ng theo quy nh ca cng ty. Khng c vo xng sn xut khi cha c trang b y bo h lao ng cn thit nh: Qun o bo h, m, gng tay, khu trang. Ch nhng ngi c hc quy trnh sn xut v c ph trch n v phn cng th mi c php lm vic ti xng sn xut. Khi tinh ch phi tun th ng theo quy trnh c hun luyn, nghim cm vic ct b, bt xn quy trnh sn xut. Nu c hin tng bt thng trong qu trnh sn xut th phi kp thi bo cho ph trch n v bit. Cc thit b, dng c s dng cho qu trnh sn xut phi m bo v sinh sch s. Sn phm to thnh phi c bo qun tt, trnh nhim cho nh hng n cht lng thnh phm. Nghim cm vic t a thit b, dng c, ha cht v cc ti sn khc ra khi xng khi cha c s ng ca ph trch n v. Ti xng sn xut khng c cc cht d n, c hi qu mc quy nh. i

vi cc cht c hi phi c quy nh nghim ngt v bo qun v xut nhp. Tt c cc ha cht u phi c nhn r rng. Trong qu trnh sn xut phi c s pha ch ghi chp y ngy thng, cc bc thc hin, s m sn xut, s lng nguyn liu s dng, ngi thc hin. Khi cn lm vic ngoi gi quy nh phi bo co v c s ng ca ph trch n v. Khng c tip khch l trong xng sn xut. Khng c n ung, ni chuyn tn gu, lm vic ring hay ri v tr khi ang trong dy chuyn sn xut. Ht ca lm vic phi v sinh nh xng, xp gn gang cc thit b v dng c s dng. Phi c s giao ca, ghi chp y thi gian, qu trnh tip theo ngi ca sau nm r. Trc khi ra v phi kim tra li nh xng, kha cc van kh, vi nc, tt cc cng tc v ngt cu dao in. Sau mi thng lm vic hoc sau mi ln chuyn sang pha ch mt hng khc phi v sinh nh xng v thit b chung. Ph trch n v phi c trch nhim n c mi ngi thc hin bn ni quy trn. II.2. Ni quy an ton nh kho II.2.1. Cc quy tc an ton khi sp xp hng Dng k k v nh v chc chn khi bo qun thnh phm. Thnh phm nn xp ring theo tng loi v theo th th thun tin cho vic bo qun, s dng, phi c bin bo i vi tng mt hng. Bo qun cc cht gy chy, cht d chy, axit. II.2.2. Cc quy tc an ton khi lm vic trong kho Th kho c giao nhim v qun l kho phi c s phn cng ca ph trch n v, nu l kho thuc ngi th kho phi c trnh v ngnh dc. Th kho nht thit phi c trang b bo h lao ng khi lm vic. Ch c i li cc li i dnh ring cho ngi xc nh. Khng i li trong khu vc c ngi lm vic bn trn hoc c vt treo trn. Khng bc, dm qua thnh phm. Khi c chng ngi vt trn li i phi dn ngay thng ng. Nhng ngi lm vic c lin quan n kho, khi vo kho phi c s ng ca th kho hoc th trng n v. Nhng ngi khng c nhim v th khng c vo kho.

 Lun gi kho sch s, dng c, thnh phm c xp gn gang. Khi pht hin thy c hin tng bt thng khng an ton cho kho hng th phi bo ngay cho ph trch n v kp thi gii quyt. Trc khi ra v phi kim tra li kho hng, kha cc van kh, vi nc, tt cc cng tc v ngt cu dao in. II.3. Ni quy an ton khi tip xc vi cht c hi Cn phn loi, dn nhn v bo qun cht c hi ni qui nh. Khng n ung, ht thuc l ni lm vic. S dng cc dng c bo h ( qun o chng ha cht, gng tay), dng c phng h trong khi lm vic,vn chuyn, tip xc vi ha cht c hi. Nhng ngi khng lin quan khng c vo khu vc cha ha cht c. Trc khi ra v phi kim tra li hng, kha cc van kh, vi nc, tt cc cng tc v ngt cu dao in. Phi ra tay sch s trc khi n ung. II.4. Quy tc an ton b phn c in II.4.1. Cc quy tc an ton vi dng c th cng i vi dng c th cng nh di, c, cn sa khi phn cn b te, hoc thay mi, khi li b hng, lung lay. Sau khi s dng nn bo qun dng c ni qui nh. Khi bo qun cn bt phn li di, c v xp v hm cc dng c c u sc nhon. S dng knh bo h khi lm vic ni c vt vng bn. II.4.2. Cc quy tc an ton in Ch c nhng ngi c chng ch chuyn mn mi c sa cha in. Khi pht hin hng hc cn bo ngay cho ngi c trch nhim. Tay t khng c s vo thit b in. Tt c cc cng tc cn c np y. Khng phun hoc ri cht lng ln thit b in, nh cng tc, mt, hm phn phi in. Kim tra nh k an ton ca dy dn in.

 Khng treo, mc vt ln dy dn in, dng c in. Khng cho dy chy vt qua gc sc hoc my c cnh sc nhn. Khng ni nhiu nhnh vi dy ng trc. II.5. S cu ngi b bng Axit Sunfuric v Xt Trong khi ang lm vic vi axit v xt, nu xy ra tai nn b bn axit hoc xt vo ngi, phi nhanh chng x l nh sau: Trng hp b bng axit: Di ra nhiu bng nc. p bng dung dch NaHCO3 5%. Ra li bng nc sch nhiu ln. Sau khi s cu ban u, a nn nhn i bnh vin iu tr.

Trng hp b bng xt: - Ra bng nc nhiu ln. - p bng dung dch axit boric 3%. - Sau khi s cu ban u, a nn nhn i bnh vin iu tr. II.6. Phng php cp cu ngi b in git Nguyn tc : cp cu nhanh, kin tr, ti ch, chnh xc v lin tc. Tch nn nhn ra khi ngun in : Tm cc bin php ng cao trc khi ct in. Ct cu dao in. Dng cc vt cch in nn nhn. Nm qun o nn nhn ko ra khi ngun in.

Cp cu : a nn nhn ra ni thong. t nn nhn nm nga, u thp v nga v sau. Nu nn nhn b cht gi tin hnh h hi thi ngt kt hp xoa bp lng ngc, lm lin tc cho ti khi cn b y t ti. - C ngi i gi cho y t c quan. - Gi in thoi cp cu 115. - Nghim cm a nn nhn i bnh vin khi trn ng i khng c thit b h hi thi ngt. II.7. Ni quy phng chy cha chy m bo an ton tnh mng, ti sn v trt t an ninh trong c quan, Gim c quy nh ni quy phng chy v cha chy nh sau:

iu 1. Phng chy v cha chy l ngha v v trch nhim ca ton th cn b, cng nhn vin chc, k c nhng ngi khch n quan h cng tc. iu 2. Cm khng c s dng la, ci, un nu, ht thuc trong kho v ni cm la. iu 3. Cm khng c cu, mc, s dng in ty tin, ht gi lm vic phi kim tra v tt n qut v cc thit b in khc trc khi ra v. Khng: Dng cc vt liu dn in khc thay cu ch. Dng dy in cm trc tip vo cm. cc cht d chy gn cu ch, bng in v dy dn in. xng, du v cc cht d chy trong phng lm vic. S dng bp in bng dy may-so, thp hng trong phng lm vic. iu 4. Sp xp vt t, hng ha, phng tin trong kho phi gn gang, sch s, xp ring tng loi c khong cch ngn chy, xa mi, xa tng, tin kim tra v cu cha khi cn thit. iu 5. Khu vc t, xe my phi gn gang, c li i li, khi xe phi hng u xe ra ngoi. iu 6. Khng cc chng ngi vt trn cc li i li, hng lang, cu thang. iu 7. Phng tin dng c cha chy phi ni d thy, d ly, v thng xuyn kim tra bo dng theo quy nh, khng ai c ly s dng vo vic khc. iu 8. Cn b cng nhn vin thc hin tt quy nh ny s c khen thng, ngi no vi phm s ty thuc mc m b x l theo quy nh ca php lut.

Phn II. QUY TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT

II.1. Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut Terpin Hydrat
II.1.1. Tng quan v Terpin Hydrat A. Cu to Cng thc phn t : C10H20O2.H2O Khi lng phn t : 188,74 g/mol Phn trm cc nguyn t : 69,72% C; 11,70% H; 18,58% O Cng thc cu to :

S ng k : 80 53 5 Tn khoa hc : 4-Hydroxy-,,4-trimethylcyclohexanemethanol Tn khc : p-menthane-1,8-diot; dipenteglycol B. Tnh cht L tinh th khng mu dng bt kt tinh mu trng, khng mi, v hi ng. Terpin hydrat d thng hoa nn nu nhit cao th terpin hydrat s tn ti th kh. Ngc li khi trong khng kh m th li d ht m.

 Nng chy khong nhit t 115- 117oC ko theo s mt nc. Terpin hydrat t tan trong nc lnh, ete, cloroform; khng tan trong ete du ha; tan nhiu trong nc nng v cng 96,5o. C. Tc dng dc l : - Long m vi liu thp(< 0,6g /ngy). Nu dng liu cao th lm gim tit m do co mch ph qun - Kt hp vi codein : tr ho; long m trong diu tr vim ph qun mn tnh - Cha vim rt nim mc ng h hp D. c tnh C 2 dng cis v trans u c bit n. dng cis d dng hnh thnh nht dng hidrat, cis terpin hidrat. Tng hp hp cht cu hnh cis t tinh du thng, dlimonene. Tng hp dng trans t 1,8 cineole, -terpineol, hoc cis terpin hidrat. Dng Cis S ng k: 2451-01-6 Tn gi khc: Terpin hydrate; terpinol c tnh: Kt tinh dng hnh thp thoi t nc, nng chy 116 1170 C.thng ha nhit ~100 khi lm nng ln t t.c mi hng nh nhng, v c v ng, c dng xp khi trong khng kh kh. Dng cis Anhidrit: im chy 104 1050 C, im si 2580 C, chuyn nhanh thnh dng hidrat khi phi sang. 1 gram tan trong 34 ml nc si, 13 ml cn, 3ml cn si, 135 ml chloroform, 140 ml ete. 200 C, 1 gram tan trong 13 ml methanol, 13 ml etyl acetat, 250 ml nc, 77 ml benzene, 290 ml cacbon tetraclorid. Dng Trans S ng k: 565-50-4 c tnh: Kt tinh dng lng tr, im chy 158 1590 C. 200 C 1 gram tan trong 11 ml methanol, 20 ml etyl acetat, 100 ml nc, 250 ml benzene, 250 ml cacbon tetraclorid. im chy: 158-159

im chy: 104-105.

mp 116-117; mp

II.1.2. Nguyn liu II.1.2.1. Du thng: Sn phm thu c t ch bin nha thng, l cht lng trong sut, khng mu, c trng khng c cn v nc. L hn hp ca hirocacbon monotecpen c cng thc chung C 10H16. Ngoi ra, thng c mt lng nh cc setquitecpen v cc dn xut axit ca tecpen. Nhng ch s l ho c trng ca tinh du thng thng phm: khi lng ring ( 25oC) 0,8570 - 0,8650 g/cm3; chit sut vi tia D 20oC l 1,4620 - 1,4720. Tinh du thng c s dng ch yu lm dung mi trong cng nghip sn; lm nguyn liu tng hp cc ch phm long no, tecpin hirat, tecpineol, thuc tr su. Vit Nam, tinh du thng c chia lm hai loi: I v II. Cung cp -pinene cho phn ng hidrat ha to terpin hidrat. nh gi cht lng tinh du thng bng hm lng -pinene. Bng thnh phn ca tinh du thng Hp cht - pinene Camphene -pinene+Sabinene Car-3-ene+Myrcene -terpinene Limonene -phellandrene 1,8-Cineole -terpinene Terpinolene -caryophyllene Bornyl acetate Borneol -cadinene % 38.4-57.6 3.7-6.8 2.5-3.8 1.5-2.7 0-0.2 2.0-4.7 0-0.4 0.2-0.4 0.3-0.5 0.5-0.8 1.4-3.3 1.4-4.2 2.1-5.6 0.7-1.8

-cadinene Ta thy -pinen chim 40% - 60% Tn gi Tn khc Cng thc phn t S ng k Khi lng phn t Dng tn ti vt l im chy im si Tan trong

5.3-14.9 pinen 2 pinen C10 H16 80-56-8 136.234 Lng -640 C 1560 C H2 O , EtOH,ete

Loi du thng cng ty s dng thng c nhp v t Qung Ninh v Thanh Ha. Qua qu trnh kim nghim th thy du thng mua v t Qung Ninh c cht lng tt hn, iu ny c th l gii do Qung Ninh iu kin kh hu thun li cho s sinh trng v pht trin ca cy thng hn. II.1.2.2. Axit Sunfuric (H2SO4) C vai tr cung cp H+cho phn ng. Do vy nng H 2SO4 cng cao th hiu sut phn ng cng ln, nhng do axit sunfuric l mt cht oxi ha mnh nn nng cao d oxi ha tinh du thng. Qua qu trnh nghin cu v lm vic lu nm ngi ta rt ra c nng ti u ca axit sunfuric em dng l 25% hay l 19,5o Be c d = 1,5. Axit mua v thng c nng cao thng l 98% - 99% do vy phi tin hnh pha ch trc khi s dng. Cch pha l nh t t axit m c vo thng cha y nc cho ti khi t nng yu cu th thi. Tuyt i trnh lm ngc li cho nc vo axit do qu trnh ha tan axit vo nc ta nhit rt mnh gy bn axit rt nguy him. II.1.2.3. Cn Do axit sunfuric v tinh du thng l hai pha lng khng ng tan nn ngi ta s dng cn l dung mi phn ng. C tc dng trn ln hai pha lng trn tan vo nhau. Do tinh du thng tan mt phn trong cn v axit sunfuric th tan tt trong cn. Cn s dng thng l loi cn cng nghip 960. II.1.3. Nguyn tc phn ng II.1.3.1. Phng trnh phn ng

Terpin hydrat c sn xut theo phn ng hydrat ha -pinen, l thnh phn chnh c trong tinh du thng, dng H2SO4 lm xc tc. Phng trnh phn ng c biu din nh sau: H2SO4 C10H16 + 3H2O C10H20O2. H2O + Q Cn 96o -pinen Terpin Hydrat Trong : H2SO4 ng vai tr l cht xc tc, cung cp H+ cho phn ng hydrat ha. Cn 960 ng vai tr l dung mi, n lm tng tnh thm, ko 2 pha du thng v axit tan vo nhau, to hn hp phn ng. II.1.3.2. C ch phn ng

y l phn ng cng i nhn (AN) c im phn ng - Phn ng c s dng xc tc H+ - Phn ng gia hai pha khng ng tan - Phn ng hai chiu, c ta nhit Do phi khng ch nhit phn ng (lm mt) v s dng lng xc tc

H+ vi nng ti u. ng thi trong qu trnh thc hin phn ng lun khuy trn tng tip xc pha. II.1.4. Quy trnh sn xut II.1.4.1. S sn xut

Hnh 1. Quy trnh sn xut Terpin Hydrat II.1.4.2. Thuyt minh s II.1.4.2.1. Tin hnh phn ng Bc 1. Tin hnh lm v sinh thit b phn ng trc khi thc hin phn ng Bc 2. Bm t 600l 700l du thng vo thit b phn ng.

Bc 3. Bm khong 1600l 1800l axit sunfuric vo thng phn ng m bo t l Vtinh du : Vaxit = 1 : 2,45 v pH trong thit b l t 4,5 5,5. Ta tin hnh cho axit vo ng thi khuy trn lin tc, v axit c t trng ln hn nn s chm xung y thit b, trong qu trnh s l tng tip xc ca tinh du thng vo axit to thnh hn dch. Bc 4. khong 30l 40l cn 96o vo thit b phn ng, cn l cht thm vo ko hai pha axit v tinh du thng phn tn vo nhau. Sau khi cho nguyn liu vo bt u bt cnh khuy. Bc 5. Mc d l phn ng ta nhit song giai on u vn phi tin hnh cp nhit cho phn ng ny. Bc 6. Sau khi thy hin tng tng nhit chng t phn ng bt u xy ra, ngng cp nhit cho phn ng v tin hnh duy tr nhit 35o - 37oC bng cch dung nc lm mt i trong v. Tin hnh phn ng trong 4 ngy cho n khi thy hin tng mt nhit trong thit b phn ng, iu ny chng t phn ng kt thc. Bc 7. Kt thc phn ng ta ngui trong vng 4 5 gi. Lc ny do s khc nhau v t trng nn dung dch trong thit b chia lm 3 lp. Sau ta tin hnh cc cng on nh sau:

Du thng

Du thng

Sn phm phn ng Axit sunfuric sau phn ng

Axit sunfuric ti s dng

Axit sunfuric sau phn ng

Sn phm phn ng

Tinh ch

 Ta tin hnh tho du thng sau phn ng ra bng xiphng. Du ny sau c loi axit ln vo v bn cho cc c s th cng m ngh. Sau tin hnh tho y axit sunfuric sau phn ng. V axit ch c vai tr xc tc cho phn ng nn lng gn nh khng mt i sau phn ng. Tuy vy cn ln cn v du thng, do em i chng ct loi b tp cht v ti s dng trong cc ln sn xut sau. Sau khi tho y axit ta tin hnh tho sn phm phn ng. Do sn phm to dng hidrat kt tinh nn trong khi sn phm phi bm nc vo thit b trnh tc ng ng dn sn phm ra. II.1.4.2.2. X l sn phm th Sn phm ly ra c x vo cc khay c lt vi lc, tin hnh ra axit v du thng bng nc my cho ti khi sn phm c mu trng ng. Chng t loi b phn ln du thng cn st. Sau sn phm th c a ln my vy li tm vy kh. Trong qu trnh ny s loi bt nc gim nng axit. Sau qu trnh vy kh pH ca sn phm l khong 7 7,5 l pH ca mi trng nc trung tnh. II.1.4.2.3. X l sn phm tinh II.1.4.2.3.1. Ha tan sn phm th Sn phm th sau khi c vy kh c a vo thng tinh ch li nhm loi b ht tp cht v du d. Cch tin hnh nh sau : Tin hnh gin on tng m mt. Bc 1: Cho cn vo trc, va cho va bt cnh khuy. Bc 2:Sau khi cho cn vo ta tin hnh a terpin hydrat th vo bt u qu trnh ha tan, sau sc hi t vo un hn hp. Qu trnh ha tan terpin hydrat th c thc hin di nhit cao, tm 70 o 80oC. Phn ng c gia nhit bng hi nc bo ha trong thng 2 v. Trong qu trnh tinh ch cn bay hi c thu qua sinh hn v thu li vo thng ng.

Bc 3: Dn dch trong ni cn nng vo cc thng kt

tinh. Tin hnh lc qua cc lp vi nhm loi b cc thnh phn mu v khng tan. Lng vi lc ph thuc vo mu ca dung dch thng s dng 12 15 lp. II.1.4.2.3.2. Kt tinh Nguyn l : Da vo tan khc nhau ca terpin hydrat cc nhit khc nhau. Vi terpin hydrat th nhit cao c tan tt hn do vy khi gim nhit s c hin tng kt tinh ra tinh th. 1g/34 ml H2 O 1g/250 ml H2 O 1000 C 200 C

Tin hnh kt tinh trong cc thng kt tinh c dung tch 200l. Lm lnh bng nc lnh bm lin tc. Terpin hydrat kt tinh to tinh th dng hnh kim bm xung quanh thnh bnh. Tin hnh kt tinh cho n khi t yu cu. II.1.4.2.3.3. X l tinh th Tin hnh vt tinh th cc thng kt tinh, cho vo my vy ly tm. Do trong thng c c cn v tinh th Terpin Hydrat nn khi vy ly tm, nh lc ly tm cc tinh th va p vo nhau v bm vo vi cn cn s qua vi lc ra ngoi.Yu cu nh sau : - Ch tiu l t 12kg tinh th sau khi vy thu c 10kg tinh th l t yu cu. Nhn bit qu trnh vy t yu cu l khng thy dung dch chy ra y thit b. Thng th thc hin trong vng t 5 10 pht l t yu cu. Nng sut thc hin c l khong 80kg/ngy.

Sn phm sau khi vy kh c em i sy trong t sy 65 80oC. T dng khng kh nng sy, khng kh c qut gi mang vo v t nng bi hi nc bo ha i trong ng. - Ch khng nhit trong bung sy qu cao v nh vy sn phm s b thng hoa.

Ch lm vic gin on. Vi nng sut 160kg/m 2 ngy. Mt khc do cu trc l sy khng cn xng nn phi tin hnh o cc khay. Tin hnh o khay trn xung di v tri qua phi. Trong thi gian u qu trnh sy, phi m van tho nc ngng cn sau th do lng nc rt t nn ng van li trnh tn tht nhit. C 10kg sn phm sau vy, sy cn khong 9kg l t yu cu.

Sn phm sau khi sy t yu cu c em bo qun trong nh lnh vi nhit 16oC (s dng my iu ha khng kh gim nhit ng thi ht m) m bo nu sn phm cn cht m no cng c ko ra ht (do ta bit l m ca khng kh nhit thp nh hn nhit cao). Sau khi qua kim nghim t yu cu th tin hnh ng gi ngay ti phng bo qun. II.1.4.3. Kim nghim thnh phm Terpin hydrate c kim nghim theo tiu chun Dc in Vit Nam III Tnh cht: Tinh th trong sut, khng mu hay bt kt tinh trng khng mi. Sy cn thn 1000C, ch phm s thng hoa v to thnh nhng tinh th hnh kim. khng kh nng v kh, ch phm s dn dn b mt hi nc kt tinh v nhit nng chy s gim. Hi tan trong nc, tan trong nc nng v ethanol 96%, d tan trong ethanol 96% nng, hi tan trong ether, cloroform. nh tnh:S dng mt trong cc phng php: Ph hng ngoi, xc nh im chy, phng php sc k, v mt s phng php s dng cht ch th ha hc khc. trong v mu sc ca dung dch: Dung dch S: Ha tan 2,5g ch phm trong ethanol 96o, thm ethanol 96o va 50 ml. Dung dch S phi trong v khng mu.

 Gii hn acid kim: Ly 10 ml dung dch S, thm 0,1 ml dung dch xanh bromothymol. Khng dng qu 0,2 ml dung dch HCl 0,02N hoc dung dch NaOH 0,02N lm chuyn mu ch th. Tp cht lin quan: S dng phng php sc k lp mng xc nh. Nc: T 8,0% - 10%. Dng 0,02g ch phm. Tro sunfat: Khng c qu 0,1%. Dng 1,0g ch phm nh lng: Bng phng php sc k kh Kim loi nng 0.001% II.1.5. nh gi dy chuyn sn xut v sn phm Do m bo cc iu kin v t l axit vi du thng, nhit nn phn ng c hiu sut cao 70%. Hai khu quan trng nht l khu ha tan sn phm th v khu lm lnh v nu lm khng tt s nh hng ti kt qu ca ton b qu trnh sn xut. II.1.6. Cc thit b s dng 1. Thit b phn ng loi 2 v c khuy 2. My vy ly tm 3. Thng kt tinh 4. Thng tinh ch 5. T sy 6. Phng lnh 7. Vi lc, giy lc II.1.7. Kt lun Quy trnh sn xut Terpin Hydrat l mt quy trnh phn ng phc tp, tri qua nhiu giai on. Do c th thu c sn phm c cht lng tt v hiu sut cao cn thc hin cn thn tt c cc bc. Theo em giai on phn ng l giai on quan trng nht do cn thit k v xc nh iu kin thch hp cho phn ng c th thu c sn phm c cht lng cao, khi lng ln.

II.2. Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut 1,2-diethyl phthalate (D.E.P)

II.2.1. Tng quan v D.E.P A. Cu to Cng thc phn t : C 6 H 4 (COOC 2 H 5) 2 Tn gi : D.E.P ,Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diethyl ester; Danh php IUPAC : 1,2-diethyl phthalate Khi lng phn t : 222,24 S CAS : [84-66-2] (tng hp) [201-550-6] (t nhin) B. Tnh cht

Trong t nhin tn ti di dng cht lng trong sut. Khng tan trong nc. im nng chy : -3oC (270oK). im si: 298 -299oC n nh trong iu kin thng.

C. Tc dng dc l Diethyl phthalate l thy phn thnh monoester , monoethyl phthalate v ethanol sau khi ung vo ng tiu ha hoc trong cc t bo nim mc rut . Thy phn ca DEP cng din ra thn v gan sau khi hp thu ton . Sau khi phn phi m khp c th, DEP tch t trong gan v thn. Cc cht chuyn ha c bi tit qua nc tiu. DEP c chuyn ha bi esterase carboxyl , c tng hp trong gan ca con ngi. Trong ng nghim nghin cu cho thy DEP lm gim men glucuronyl transferase hot ng. N cng quan st thy rng hot ng ca enzyme peroxisomal carnitine acetyl transferase tng ln trong mi trng nui cy ca cc t bo gan chut. Ngoi ra DEP gy ra cc hot ng ca enzyme catalase , dn n gan ph bin v c th gy ra peroxisome. II.2.2. Nguyn liu

 Anhydride phatalic: dng bt c tinh khit 99.8% cha trong bao 25.5kg nhp khu t Trung Quc.
Cng thc cu to:

Tnh cht vt l: Anhydrit phtalic iu kin thng l cht rn, tinh th hnh kim, khng mu, d thng hoa; tnc = 131 oC; ts = 284,5 oC; khi lng ring 1,527 g/cm3. Khng tan trong nc, tan trong etanol v ete.

Tnh cht ha hc:

Phn ng ru to hn hp este: C6H4(CO)2O + ROH Phn ng vi H2O2 : C6 H4(CO)2O + H2O2 C6H4(CO3H)CO2H C 6H4(CO2H)CO2R C6H4(CO2R)2 + H2O

C6H4(CO2H)CO2R + ROH

Phng php tnghp :

Anhydrit phtalic c tng hp ln u tin vo nm 1836 bi Laurent. C6H4(CH3)2 + 3O2 C6H4(CO)2O + 3H2O Anhydrit phtalic c iu ch bng cch oxi ho naphtalen vi oxi khng kh th hi c xc tc vanai pentoxit (V2O5). C10H8 + 4.5O2 C6H4(CO)2O + 2H2O + 2CO2 Anhydrit phtalic l anhydrit ca axit phtalic, nn ta c th iu ch n bng cch loi nc ca axit phtalic:

 Ru Etylic 96%

Acid H2SO4: dng rn, c tinh khit 98%.

II.2.3. Phng trnh phn ng Anhydrid phtalic to este vi ru etylic vi s xc tc ca axit sunfuric

II.2.4. Quy trnh sn xut II.2.4.1. S sn xut

Hnh 2. Quy trnh sn xut D.E.P II.2.4.2. Thuyt minh s : II.2.4.2.1: Tin hnh phn ng:

 Thit b phn ng: Tin hnh phn ng trong ni 2 v trng men, c cnh khuy. Tin hnh phn ng: Cho 575kg anhydride phatalic vi 200kg acid H2SO4 98% v 750l EtOH 960 c ht ln nh bm chn khng vo trong thit b phn ng. Tin hnh phn ng trong 7-8h, s dng cnh khuy khuy trn u dung dch phn ng. Nhit phn ng duy tr 80-900C nh hi nc bo ho 1200C. Bc 1: V sinh ni phn ng, kim tra ng hi, in, my bm,my ht chn khng, cnh khuy, cc ch tiu an ton khc theo quy nh. Bc 2 :ng kn np , kha cc van, bt bm ht chn khng, ht hn hp mono etyl phtalic ln bnh phn ng. hn hp c ht vo theo ng dn y ni. Bc 3: tip tc dng bm ht chn khng ht ru etylic 96 o ln bnh phn ng: khong 750l. Bc 4, ht axit sunfuric ; 200 kg. phtalic 99,8% vo ni phant ng, k c mono etyl phtalic s tng ng vi khong 575 kg anhydrid phtalic ( khong 23bao*25 kg). Bc 6: bt cnh khuy, m van hi , duy tr phn ng 80 n 90 . Trong thi gian 8h. II.2.4.2.2: S l, tinh ch sn phm: Bc 1:Ra Mc ch: Thm nc ra long axit sunfuric Sau phn ng, ta bm thm nc lnh vo ni phn ng, khuy u, ri tt cnh khuy, lng trong khong 30 pht n 1 gi ,do hn hp tch lp, lp nc trn cng nn dng xiphong ht lp nc ra ngoi. Lm tng t nh th 3 ln. Kt qu :Khi nc ra gn trung tnh l c, kim tra bng giy qu. Bc 2.Trung ho: Dung dch sau khi ra cn c pH kh thp 3-4, ta tin hnh trung ho lng acid d bng dung dich Na2CO3 57Be0 (s dng Bc5 : kha van y ni, m np ni phn ng, Anhydrid

khong t 15-20l vi mt bnh phn ng 2000l). Sau khi trung ho ta kim tra pH ca dung dch t 6.5-7 l t yu cu. Nu pH qu cao v qu thp ta cn iu chnh pH n gi tr nu trn. Bc 3: Lng trng lc Mc ch: tch lp hn hp sau phn ng Dung dch sau khi c ra bng nc s c lng qu

m( khong 5 n 6h). Nh t trng ca hn hp trong dung dch khc nhau, nn sau khi lng dung dch s phn thnh 3 lp: + Lp nc nh trn cng. + Lp gia c cha Mono ethyl phatalate v acid H2SO4. + Lp di y l D.E.P trong sut c ln nc. S dng ng xi-phng ht ht phn nc pha trn cng ra ngoi. Phn Mono ethyl phatalate v acid H2SO4 c a li thit b phn ng chun b cho m phn ng tip theo. Cn phn D.E.P ln nc s c chuyn qua giai on sau.

Mono etyl phtalic, axit sunfuric Nc Nc

Mono etyl phtalic, axit sunfuric D.E.P Sn phm phn ng Tinh ch

 Bc 4: C c Dung dch D.E.P c ln nc c a vo thit b c c nh bm ht chn khng. Tin hnh loi bt nc trong dung dich bng thit b c c ni 2 v trng men, v c cnh khuy. Nhit trong thit b c c 80-900C c cp nhit bng hi nc bo ho 1200C. Tin hnh lm khan trong khong t 6-8h. Bc 5 : Lm khan hon ton v ty mu: Dung dch sau khi c loi b mt phn ln nc cn ln trong D.E.P c tin hnh lm khan hon ton v ty mu dung dch. Dung dch trong thit b c c c ngui trong iu kin thng ti khi nhit dung dch khong 50-600C ta tin hnh lm khan hon ton bng Na2SO4 khan v cho thm than hot tnh ty mu dung dch. Lu khi cho Na2SO4 khan v than hot tnh ta phi tin hnh t t trnh hin tng tro do gim sc cng b mt. Bc 6 : Lc: Dung dch sau khi lm khan hon ton v c ty mu ta tin hnh lc. Cho dung dch ra cc thng cha pha trn c cc mng lc bng vi. Mi mng lc c s dung 2-3 lp vi loi b cn, Na2SO4 khan v than hot tnh c ln trong dung dch. Sau khi lc ta c dung dch thuc D.E.P khan c tinh khit cao (khong 670700/1 m).

II.2.4.2.3 ng gi
DEP thnh phm c ong v cha vo cc phi nha, chuyn vo kho bo qun

II.2.4.3. Kim nghim sn phm Theo tiu chun Dc in III

II.2.5. Cc thit b s dng 1. Ni phn ng trng men 2 v c khuy 2. Cc thng nha, thp khng g 3. Bm ht chn khng

II.3. Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut St (II) oxalate

II.3.1. Tng quan v St (II) oxalate
A.Cu to Cng thc phn t : Fe [C 2 O 4] Tn gi : St (II) oxalate Danh php IUPAC : St (II) oxalate Khi lng phn t : 143,91 g / mol S CAS : CAS # 6047-25-2

St oxalat (II) l thng gp phi nh cc dihydrate, Fe [C 2 O 4] 2H 2 O, Cu trc tinh th ca n bao gm dy chuyn ca cc nguyn t st oxalat-bc cu, gii hn bi cc phn t nc.

B.Tc dng dc l:

Thiu mu l tnh trng bnh l vi triu chng mu b gim v s lng hng cu hoc v huyt cu t (cn gi l hemoglobin) hoc gim c hai. Bnh thng huyt cu t t 13-18g/100ml nam v 12-16g/100ml n v tr em. Thiu mu xy ra khi huyt cu t bnh thng di 13g/100ml nam gii v nh hn 12g/100ml n gii. Mt trong nhng nguyn nhn l do thiu st.

St (Fe): c th dng mui st sulfat hoc st oxalat. y l yu t cn thit v rt quan trng tng hp hemoglobin. Trong c th ngi ln bnh thng

c 4-5g st v 2/3 lng ny c thy trong cc hng cu. Hin nay ngi ta hay dng dng st oxalat v t gy to bn hn st sulfat. Khng dng thuc c hot cht ny cho ngi b bnh l d dy v rut nh lot d dy, vim rut hoc vim lot rut kt. Khi cho bnh nhn ung thuc c cha st cn cnh bo cho h cc tc dng ph nh bun nn, nn, to bn, phn mu en... h bit v khng lo lng. Cn nhc bnh nhn khng ung kt hp vi mt s khng sinh nh tetracyclin v st to phc hp kh hp thu qua ng rut, do lm mt tc dng ca khng sinh. II.3.2. Nguyn liu: - St (II) sulfat : FeSO 4.7H2O (%Fe = 19.5%) dng bt c cha trong bao 25.5kg nhp khu t Trung Quc. - Acid Oxalic tinh th c tinh khit l 99.6% c cha trong bao 25.5kg nhp khu t Trung Quc. II.3.3. phng trnh phn ng

FeSO4 + (COOH)2 = Fe+(COO-)2 + H2SO4

II.3.4. tin hnh phn ng II.3.4.1.s dy chuyn cng ngh:

S dy chuyn cng ngh sn xut St (II) Oxalat

II.3.4.2. Chun b dung dch phn ng :

Cho 200kg st (II) sulfat vo trong ni hai v c cnh khuy cung cp nhit n
nh khong 50-60oC. Khuy lin tc cho n khi st tan ht. Kim tra dung dch st sulfat bng Bome k. Nng dung dch t 22 Beo.

Cho 30kg acid oxalic vo trong thng c cha khong 200l nc c un n

nhit 90 - 100oC bng hi nc bo ha. S dng thit b c cnh khuy ha tan hon ton acid oxalic cho vo. II.3.4.3.Tin hnh phn ng :

Thit b phn ng: Tin hnh phn ng trong ni 2 v trng men. Tin hnh: Dng hi v sinh sch ni. Sau dung dch st (II) sulfat v acid
oxalic c cho vo thit b phn ng l ni hai v c trng men nh bm ht chn khng. Dung dch c ht vo trong bnh phn ng. Cung cp nc cho n khi c thit b th ngng. Phn ng xy ra theo ti l 1:2 trong khong 5-10 pht. Kim tra phn ng kt thc bng dung dch acid oxalic. II.3.4.4 Tinh ch St (II) oxalat BC 1. Lng trong thng cha:

Mc ch lng : y ta s dng phng php lng trng lc nh vo s chnh lch t trng gia cc cu t c trong hn hp sau phn ng. Khi lng tinh th st oxalate c t tr ng nng hn s tch khi pha phn tn v lng xung y thng. Hn hp cn li l st (II) sulfat d v acid sulfic.

Trong qu trnh lng nc s c thm vo nhm loi bt mt phn acid sinh ra. Qu trnh lng ko di t 1-2h. Kt thc qu trnh lng ta s dng ng xi-ph ng ht phn dch pha tr n i bao gm acid sulfuric v st (II) sulfat. Tin hnh ra li sn phm bng nc 2-3 ln.

BC 2. Vy St (II) oxalate v hn hp dung dch cn li trong thng cha c chuyn qua thi t b vy ly tm. Trong thi t b vy ly tm ta tin hnh loi b nt acid v st (II) sulfat d cn li trong sn phm. T c vy 600-800vng/pht. Trong qu trnh vy kt hp b sung nc ra sn phm.Tin hnh kim tra bng hn hp HCl v BaCl 2. Nu thy c kt ta sinh ra th tin hnh vy tip. Nu khng thy c kt ta chng t trong dung d ch ht hon ton SO 42-. Dng vy v chuyn sn p m ra cc khay tin hnh giai on sy. Lu : trong qu trnh vy trnh hin tng dn v mt pha khi vy lm gim hiu qu ca qa trnh vy. Thi gian vy cng nh hng rt ln ti hiu sut sau ny. N u vy qu lu Fe 2+tip xc vi khng kh lu s sinh ra Fe 3+ c mu lm gim cht lng ca sn phm. N u vy thi gian qu ngn th lng nc cn nhiu lm cho thi gian sy lu tn nhiu nng lng.

BC .3. Sy
Sau khi sn phm c vy, loi b hon ton n c trong sn phm ta tin hnh sy sn phm. Sy l cng on cui cng lm kh sn phm. Yu cu khi sy: - Nhit sy 800C. - Thi gian sy 8-10h. II.3.5. Kim nghim thnh phm: Theo tiu chun dc in III II.3.6. ng gi Sn phm sau khi sy, kim nghim t tiu chun, c ly ra v em ng bao. Thit b s dng: 1. Ni phn ng trng men 2 v c khuy 2. Cc thng nha, thp khng g

3. Bm ht chn khng 4. My vy ra ly tm 5. My sy in

II.3. Quy trnh cng ngh sn xut cao ng Dc

II.3.1. Tng quan v cao ng Dc y l mt dy chuyn sn xut mi c cng ty u t trong khong 5 nm tr li y. Vi cc thit b v k thut tin tin, dy chuyn em li hiu sut cao, sn xut vi lng ln em li li nhun cho cng ty. Hin nay ang tp trung lm mt s mt hng ph bin nh cao kim tin tho, tm sen, cao bi thch,cao linh lng, cao xng, cao dip h chu Trong bi bo co ny s tp trung vo gii thiu sn phm cao Kim Tin Tho. II.3.2. Vai tr ca cao Kim Tin Tho Kim tin tho c tn khoa hc l Desmodium styracifolium Merr, thuc h u (Fabaceae). Ngoi ra cn c tn khc l Mt Tru, Vy rng, Mt rng. Kim tin tho l bi thuc ph bin, c s dng t lu trong dn gian, tr c nhiu loi bnh khc nhau. Kim tin tho dng iu tr si tit niu, c ch nh sau: trc ht l li tiu, pha long dng nc tiu, lm ngng s gia tng kch thc ca hn si. Sau nh tc dng chng vim, khng khun m lm gim s ph n ca niu qun, to iu kin thun li cho si di chuyn xung di v i ra ngoi.

Ngoi ra cn dc dng lm thuc li thy, thng lm, cha i rt v i but, si thn, si mt, bnh hong n.

II.3.3. Nguyn liu Kim tin tho c ly thu gom t nhiu ngun khc nhau trn c nc.

II.3.4. Quy trnh sn xut II.3.4.1. S sn xut

Chun b nguyn liu

Hi t

Chit

Hi t

C h, lng

Hi nc

Hi t

C chn khng khokhkhng C h c khuy

Hi nc Hi nc

Hi t
Kim tra cht lng sn

ng gi
Hnh 3. Quy trnh sn xut cao Kim Tin Tho II.3.4.2. Thuyt minh s II.3.4.2.1. Chun b nguyn liu Mc ch : Chun b nguyn liu cho m phn ng.

 Tho dc c nhp t nhiu ngun khc nhau, em i ra sch bng nc sau cho vo gi chun b cho qu trnh sn xut. Tng khi lng tho dc dng trong mt m l 800kg. II.3.4.2.2. Chit Mc ch : Tch cc thnh phn c hot tnh cha bnh ra khi dung dch bng cch un nng v chit. Tin hnh : Tho dc sau khi ra c a vo gi sau a gi cha vo thit b chit. Thm khong 7m 3 nc v tin hnh un trong 2 gi v gia nhit bng hi nc trong 1 gi. Sau dung hi p ly dch cn chit ra ngoi, loi b b ra ngoi. C th dung hi chit ly dch ra l do thit b kn v trong qu trnh sn xut lm tng p sut trong ni. p sut hi cung cp cho ni nu lun t 0.3 atm (to = 100o C) Sau khi nu v chit xong dch chit c a ra qua van y, nhc gi ng nguyn liu ra khi ni, phn cn li trong gi chnh l b. ng lc chnh ca qu trnh ny l s tng p sut trong ni un. Do cn iu khin gi tr thch hp qu trnh t hiu qu cao nht. II.3.4.2.3. C h, lng Mc ch : loi b nc khi dch chit v cc tp cht khng tan cht bn. Tin hnh : - M van y ca ni nu, do thit b kn nn p sut tng s to ra mt lc y dch chit t ni nu theo ng ng y vo hai thit b lc s b sau vo thit b cha 10m3. Gia nhit cho thit b ny thc hin nhim v c loi bt nc kt hp vi lm lng loi b cc cht rn khng tan khc. - Sau dch chit li tip tc c a sang cc thit b c h khc m y chnh l h thng mng c gm 3 mng c gia nhit bng hi. Nc li tip tc bay hi lm cho

dch chit c hn v sch hn do kt hp c vic lm lng. Nh vy giai on ny p sut hi ng vai tr quan trng l to ra p lc a dch chit n cc thit b c. Nh p sut hi nn tit kim c cng do bm sinh ra trong qu trnh vn chuyn dch do khng phi dng n bm. Tuy nhin y ch l cng on trung gian c s b nn ng vai tr khng tht s quan trng bi vy thi gian c cng nh cc yu cu k thut khng thc s cn thit trong giai on ny. II.3.4.2.4. C chn khng Mc ch : Thc hin qu trnh c bng p sut chn khng (nh bm ht chn khng) loi phn ln nc ra khi dch chit gip cho qu trnh c khuy c nhanh hn, hiu qu cao hn. Tin hnh : - Qu trnh c thc hin trong h thng thit b c chn khng. - Trong qu trnh ny nc c lm bay hi nh h thng tun hon. Dch trong thit b tun hon s i t di y ln qua hai thit b trao i nhit, mi thit b c 92 ng nh. Hi i vo khong khng gian gia cc ng cung cp nhit lm nc bc hi v bay ra ngoi qua h thng chn khng. Sau nc s c lm lnh nh thit b lm lnh v chy vo thit b cha. Dch trong thit b tun hon li tip tc mt vng tun hon mi i t di ln qua thit b trao i nhit v tip tc bay hi. - Dch sau khi c xong s c chuyn sang cc thit b cha lng v chuyn vo cc thit b c h c khuy hon thin nt cng on cui cng. II.3.4.2.5. C h c khuy Mc ch : To dng cao t yu cu cht lng k thut. Tin hnh : Sau khi c chn khng xong dch c chuyn sang cc thit b c c khuy 2 v c trit thnh sn phm mong mun. Qu trnh ny dng hi cp nhit, nc s tip tc bay hi lm cho dch c li bi vy phi khuy tng bay hi nc v sn phm c ng u hn.

II.3.4.2.6. ng gi Mc ch : Tin li cho bo qun, s dng, vn chuyn. Tin hnh : Cao Kim Tin Tho c ng gi vo cc ti polyetylen v c bo qun trong iu kin ph hp. II.3.5. Cc thit b s dng Ni chit 2 v dung tch 10m3. H thng thit b c h H thng c chn khng Thit b c h c khuy II.3.6. Kt lun Cao Kim Tin Tho l mt bi thuc qu c lu truyn trong dn gian t rt lu. tin hnh sn xut trn quy m cng nghip cn nghin cu k lng cc giai on trong quy trnh ng thi kt hp ci tin cng ngh c th t c hiu qu cao, gim gi thnh. Trong quy trnh trn, theo em giai on c chn khng l quan trng nht. N nh hng trc tip n cht lng sn phm. Ngoi ra y cng l giai on phc tp nht nn cn lu trong qu trnh vn hnh thit b.

Phn III. CC THIT B CHNH DNG TRONG SN XUT

Trong qu trnh tham quan thc tp, c rt nhiu thit b ging nhau v nguyn tc s dng nhng khc nhau v dung tch cng nh hnh dng bn ngoi. Trong phn ny em xin trnh by mt s thit b chnh sau :

III.1. Thit b phn ng

III.1.1. Thit b phn ng cho Terpin Hydrat III.1.1.1. M hnh thit b

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Ca np liu M t cnh khuy ng h o nhit Tai treo Cnh chn Cnh khuy m neo Nc lm mt Ca tho sn phm Nhit k (c bao trong ng trng men) ng nc ra

III.1.1.2. c im L thit b phn ng loi thng c khuy 2 v trng men. Lm vic gin on theo cc m. Dung tch 4000 lt. Thit b c gia nhit bng hi bo ha v lm mt bng nc lnh i gia 2 lp v. Cnh khuy dng m neo, trong qu trnh phn ng khuy lin tc lm tng tip xc gia cc pha.

Na trn thit b c cnh gt trnh to bt trong thit b. Thng c s dng trong cc phn ng tng hp terpin hidrat. Nguyn liu c bm vo qua ca np liu 1. Thit b l loi thng phn ng c khuy, cnh khuy 6 nh ng c 2 to ra chuyn ng quay, gy ra cc dng chy trong lng thit b lm tng s tip xc gia cc pha, cc hp cht trong thit b t tng hiu sut phn ng.

III.1.1.3. Nguyn l hot ng

Ty vo tng loi phn ng ta nhit hay thu nhit m ta tin hnh lm lnh bng nc lnh hoc cp nhit bng hi nc qa nhit thng qua s truyn nhit lp v ngoi. Thng th hi i vo ca 10 v cho nc ngng ra ca 7, ngc li nc lnh vo t ca 7 v ra ca 10.

Sn phm ca phn ng qua ca x y 8. kim tra nhit ca phn ng trong thit b trong sut thi

gian phn ng ta theo di nhit k 9 gn vo thn thit b, tuy vy c sai s do y l thit b 2 v nhng sai s l khng ng k c th chp nhn c. III.1.2. Thit b phn ng to DEP, ST OXALAT III.1.2.1. M hnh thit b

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Ca np liu M t cnh khuy Cnh khuy mi cho Nc ngng Chn Ca tho sn phm Hi nc bo ha Ht chn khng

III.1.2.2. c im Thit b phn ng khuy gin on, 2 v trng men. Gia nhit bng hi nc qu nhit. Trong qu trnh phn ng thc hin khuy lin tc

III.1.2.3. Nguyn l hot ng

Thng c dng cho cc phn ng to canxi cabonat. Vi yu cu v lng phn ng t hn. V nguyn tc hot ng th tng t loi thit b c dung tch 4000 lt. III.1.3. Ni quy s dng Trc khi s dng: Ch nhng ngi c phn cng mi s dng ni phn ng. Kim tra bn trong, bn ngoi ni, b phn trc khuy, mt, cu dao, cu ch, tip t, p k, van an ton v.vtt c phi tt. Kim tra mc du trn hp gim tc phi . X ht nc ngng v ni. Khi ni lm vic: Quan st, theo di pht hin cc hin tng khc thng, ting ku l ca my khuy. iu chnh p sut hi vo ni phi nh hn p sut cho php ca ni phn ng. Khng c b v tr sn xut i ni khc. Ch : Trc khi cho hi vo un phi m t t van hi sy nng ni phn ng trong 15 pht mi cho phn ng vo lm vic. Khng m van hi vo v ni khi ni phn ng khng c nc hock dung dch. Sau khi phn ng phi ra sch ni sch s bn trong v bn ngoi, lau chi cc b phn trn ni. Khi c s c phi ngt in, kha hi, gi nguyn hin trng v bo ngay cho ngi c trch nhim gii quyt. Phi c s bn giao ca v ghi nh gi my chy.

III.2. Thit b pha ch CaCl2

IV.2.1. M hnh thit b

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

ng c in Ca np liu Cnh chn Ca tho nc ngng Cnh khuy Ca tho sn phm Chn Hi bo ha Bm ht chn khng

III.2.2. Nguyn l hot ng Thit b c dng to dung dch CaCl 2 t yu cu chun b cho phn ng chnh to Canxi Cacbonat. Nguyn l hot ng nh sau : Bm dch CaCl2 c ln tp cht vo thit b, bt cnh khuy v cho axit vo n pH yu cu.Bt bm ht chn khng v cho hi t i vo v ngoi n khi hn hp si th tin hnh tho dung dch.

III.3. Thit b tinh ch

IV.3.1. M hnh thit b

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Ca np liu M t cnh khuy ng h o nhit Tai treo Tr cn Nc ngng Cnh khuy m neo Ca tho sn phm Nhit k (c bao trong ng trng men) Hi nc bo ha Ht chn khng Sinh hn

III.3.2. Nguyn l hot ng y l thit b dng tinh ch Terpin Hydrat sau khi vy s b. Thit b ny c cu to gn ging nh thit b phn ng, tuy nhin khng c

cnh chn. Thng c thm ng ht chn khng v sinh hn hi lu li cn bay hi. Nh s dng chn khng lm p sut trong ni thp hn p sut kh quyn nn cn c t ng ht vo, sau bt cnh khuy ng thi cho terpin vo ha tan. Cu to thng c 2 v hi t i vo theo ng ng 10 lm nng thit b, nc ngng i ra theo ng 6. Sau khi t yu cu sn phm c x qua ca y 8.

III.4. Thit b kt tinh

III.4.1. M hnh thit b

1 2 3 4 5

ng dn nc lnh Vi lc Thng kt tinh Bn cha Van x nc

III.4.2. Nguyn l hot ng y l thit b c s dng kt tinh Terpin Hydrat sau khi ha tan vi cn. Trn np thng c vi lc gi li tinh th,qu trnh lc c thc hin ti y, trong lc bm nc lnh ngoi vo bn tip xc bn ngoi thng kt tinh lm lnh thng t t khin cho tinh th kt tinh.

III.5. Thit b sy
III.5.1. Thit b sy bng hi bo ha III.5.1.1. M hnh thit b

1 7 2

3 4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

ng hi thot ra B iu khin Qut gi ng thi nc ngng Van ng dn hi bo ha Cc khay cha vt liu sy

III.5.1.2. Nguyn l hot ng y l thit b sy bng hi bo ha, thng dng sy terpin hidrat c yu cu nhit sy khng cao v nhit lng cp cho sn phm nh,t t. Vi nhit hi ph thuc vo p sut hi, thng thng s dng hi bo ha p sut kh qun c nhit 1200C. Lng hi c a vo thit b c iu chnh qua cc van 5, n quyt nh lng nhit cp vo l sy. Hi nng c phn phi qua h thng phn phi phn tn u trn cc gi. c th hin l cc mi tn mu trn hnh.

Sn phm sau khi nhn nhit t hi nng th thot m, hi m mt phn tch t thnh nc ngng thot ra ngoi qua ca thot 4, mt phn thot ra ngoi theo ng thot hi 1. Thng thi gian u ca qu trnh sy do lng m ln nn hi m ch yu tch t to thnh nc ngng, do vy phi m van tho nc ngng trong thi gian ny, n khi khng thy c nc ngng thot ra na th ng van li trnh tn tht nhit.

Do b tr ng hi vo lch v pha bn phi v di ln do vy ngi ta s dng qut 3 khuy trn hi nng i u trong thit b. ng thi trong qu trnh sy phi tin hnh o khay t phi qua tri v t trn xung di.

Nhit ca qu trnh sy c khng ch thng qua thit bi iu khin 2. Mt s trng hp ngi ph trch c th khng ch nhit ca thit b thng qua iu chnh van hi 5 (quyt nh lng nhit cp cho sn phm).

III.5.2. Thit b sy in III.5.2.1. M hnh thit b

2 3 4

5 6 7 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ng hi m thot ra Cnh quat ng dn khng kh vo H thng dy mayso Dy curoa chuyn ng ng c in Cc tm nh hng hay phn phi kh Cc khay cha vt liu B iu khin

III.5.2.2. Nguyn l hot ng y l thit b sy s dng nhit c cp bi dy mayso lm nng bi dng i.Thit b c tun hon mt phn kh sau khi sy. Khng kh qua ca 2 i vo thit b. ng c in 3 c ni vi cnh qut trong thit b sy v chuyn ng cho cnh qut thng qua dy curoa 5, va to chn khng trong thit b ht khng kh bn ngoi vo, va trn u cc dng kh nng v lnh, ng thi y hi nng qua cc tm inh hng 7 vo cc gi cc khay. Khng kh nng i qua cc khay 8 cp nhit cho sn phm gy bay hi m ng thi ko hi m qua cc khe v ra ngoi theo ng ng 1. Mt phn hi qua tm phn phi (hay cn gi l tm nh hng) khng i ra ngoi m tun hon tr li, qua h thng dy mayso 4

c t nng, nhn nhit thnh hi nng v c trn u vi mt phn hi lnh mi vo. Nhit ca thit b sy c iu chnh thng qua thit b iu khin 9. Da trn nguyn tc iu chnh nhit ca h thng dy mayso v tc ca ng c 3 ( quyt nh lng nhit cp cho sn phm v tc tun hon kh nng trong thit b). III.5.3. Ni quy s dng (Ch nhng ngi c hun luyn v c phn cng mi c s dng my) Trc khi s dng: Kim tra trong v ngoi t, mc du bi trn cho qut gi, mt, cu dao, tip a, n bo pha v.vtt c phi tt v an ton. t nhit sy cho ph hp vi nhit cn sy. Khi t lm vic: Bt qut gi cho chy 5 pht, sau tt qut ht. Cho khay cha nguyn liu vo t sy (khay tng trn trc, tng di sau). ng ca t sy. Bt qut gi, iu chnh bm gi cho gi ra v vo ph hp. Bt nt iu khin caloriphe. Thng xuyn theo di s hot ng ca t. Khng ri khi v tr lm vic khi t ang hot ng. Khi sn phm kh, tt in vo Caloriphe, tip tc cho qut gi chy 30 pht. Tt qut gi, sau mi ly sn phm ra ( khay di ly ra trc, khay trn ly ra sau). Ch : Phi tt qut gi, cu dao in khi o nguyn liu sy. Khng t ng m t iu khin iu chnh. V sinh t sch s sau mi m sy. Ghi chp thi gian lm vic v gi my chy vo s bn giao.

III.6. Thit b vy li tm

III.6.1. M hnh thit b

1
1 2 3 4 5 6 ng c in Gi L R V thit b Ca thot cht lng

III.6.2. Nguyn l hot ng Tch cht lng khi vt liu rn nh lc li tm. Cho sn phm vo r 4 ca tht b. Trn r c c cc l 3 nhm mc ch ch cho cht lng i qua cn gi cht rn li. Ty vo kch thc ca vt liu rn m ngi ta c th lt vi lm nh kch thc l. R c gn trn trc ng c in c nh vi v thit b 5 . Khi ng c 1 quay lm r quay. Qu trnh lm vng c vt liu rn v cht lng p vo thnh r. Cht lng qua cc khe nh thot kh r v tch t di y v my ri ra ngoi qua ng ng 6.

Thng thng trong trng hp vy kh th thi gian vy t khong 5 n 15 pht ty theo yu cu kh v kh nng tch nc ca vt liu. Cn khi vy vi mc ch ra cc ion th thi gian vy lu hn khong 5 6 gi, vy cho ti khi kim tra nng t mc yu cu th thi. Trong qa trnh ra c b sung thm nc ion hoc nc my lc qua bng lc.

Sn phm sau khi vy kh c xc ra khay v em i x l tip, thng

l em i sy. III.6.3. Ni quy s dng (Ch nhng ngi c hun luyn v c phn cng mi c s dng my) Trc khi my chy: Kim tra trong v ngoi my, nt bm, khi ng t, cu ch, tip a, n bo pha, v.vtt c phi tt v an ton. Khi my ang chy: Cm: Phi: Ch cc hin tng khc thng ca my. Bo cho ngi ph trch trc tip bit khi c s c xy ra. M np my ( i vi my c np). T tay, ta ngi hoc iu chnh bt c chi tit no my. Th tay hoc cho vt cng vo r my vy. B i ni khc. i guc khi vn hnh.

Ch : Cm: Vy qu 75 kg nguyn liu t mi m. Khng t ng m ca t iu khin. Lm mt cc du vt ti hin trng khi my xy ra s c. Lm bn nc vo ng c, t iu khin. Cho tay t vo ng m nt iu khin in. San u nguyn liu trc khi vy. Lau chi sch s my hng ngy. C s giao ca my ring ( ghi r gi my chy, s c,)

Phi:

III.7. Thuyn rc
III.7.1 M hnh thit b

III.7.2. Nguyn l hot ng Trn b khung nh hnh v ngi ta tri 1 lp vi mng. Lp vi ny c tc dng ch cho nc i qua v gi cht rn li. Thng dng tch s b nc khi dng bt nho. Cht lng chy ra ngoi nh trng lc nn kh nng tch nhn chung l km. Sau khi rc mt thi gian ngi cho sn phm ln my vy li tm vy kh cht lng.

III.8. Thit b c c hot ng p sut thng (Ni c h)

III.8.1. M hnh thit b

2100

N c ngung

H i v o

III.8.2. c im Ni c c cu to ging mt ci mng h, c hai lp v bng Inox, t trn mt gi bng thp. Bn trong ni c c th c cch cnh khuy o trn dch trong qu trnh c. Ngi ta s dng hi nc bo ha cp nhit. Hi nc bo

ha c thi vo khong khng gian gia hai v, cp nhit cho qu trnh c c ri ngng t. Nc ngng c tho ra ngoi. IV.8.3. Nguyn l hot ng Khi hot ng, dch lng c vo lng mng. a hi nc bo ha (hoc hi qu nhit) vo lm nng dch. Nhit dch lng tng dn, dung mi s ha hi bc ln. Theo thi gian, nng cht tan trong dung dch s tng dn, vt qu nng bo ha, xy ra hin tng kt tinh. Qu trnh c kt thc khi lng lng trong lng ni khng i hoc thay i rt t theo thi gian. u im: Cu to n gin,d vn hnh Nhc im: Khng p dng vi cc loi dung mi c hi. Lng nhit tn tht ra mi trng bn ngoi ln. Ch lm vic c p sut thng, do khng p dng c vi loi cht tan khng bn nhit (cc cht ny phi tin hnh c chn khng).

III.9. Thit b c c
III.9.1. M hnh thit b

2 4 3

1 2 3 4

ng dn hi cp nhit cho thit b Chn Ca tho nc ci ng ra ca nc ngng

III.9.2. c im C cu to gn ging vi thng phn ng tuy vy do dng c c nn dy ca vt liu c mng hn. Hin nay phn xng c s dng thm thit b c c loi hnh hp ch nht. V u im th loi thit bi ny c b mt bay hi ln hn. III.9.3. Nguyn l hot ng Thit b c c p sut kh quyn. Nhit c hi nng cung cp t t cho thit b dung dich t nhit khong 80 90 0 C. Khin hi nc thot ra t t lm tng nng ca mui vt qua nng qa bo ha. V kt tinh ra di dng tinh th rn. Tc v hiu qu ca qu trnh ph thuc vo tc bay hi ca hi nc. iu ny ph thuc vo khng ch lng nhit cp vo ni c m cn ph thuc vo din tch mt thong ca cht lng. - Nu cp nhit qu mnh dung dch si th tinh th to ra rt nh v khng m bo yu cu. - Ngc li nu cp nhit chm th tn thi gian v cc tinh th c xu hng hnh thnh ht to. - Trong qa trnh c c trn b mt thong lun hnh thnh mt lp mng mui cn tr qu trnh bay hi ca hi nc do vy sau khong 1 thi gian phi tin hnh khuy trn ph v lp mng ny. Khng th s dng my khuy lm vic ny c v nh vy s ph v tinh th to cc tinh th rt nh. III.9.4. Ni quy s dng Trc khi s dng: Ch c ngi c phn cng mi c s dng ni c. Kim tra bn trong, bn ngoi ni c, van an ton, p k, ng ng tt c phi tt. X ht nc ngng v ni c. Khi lm vic: iu chnh p sut hi vo ni c < p sut cho php ca thit b. Quan st, theo di pht hin cc hin tng khc thng ca ni c. Khng c b v tr sn xut i ni khc. Ch : Khi cho hi vo un phi h m t t van hi sy ni c trong 15 pht mi cho ni coo vo lm vic.

 Khng m hi vo ni c khi trong ni c khng c nc hoc dung dch. Khng dng cc vt cng va chm v chc vo bn trong ni c. Sau khi c phi v sinh ni sch s. Khi c s c phi kha hi v gi nguyn hin trng bo phn xng c in gii quyt. Phi c s giao ca hng ngy.

III.10. H thng thit b c chn khng

III.10.1. S h thng c chn khng

III.10.2. Nguyn l hot ng M van nc lm lnh vo cc thit b lnh. Bt ht chn khng, m cc van V23, V9, V7 chuyn dch sang. Sau khi ht dch xong ng V 7, m van cp hi cho ni 5m3 ( thng thp hn 1kg/cm2 ). Tip tc ht dch sang ni c tun hon. ng V 9, m V10, V13, V12, V8. Khi dch trong ni c tun hon t mc gia ca quan sat th hai th dng li, ng V 12, V13, V8.

Cp hi cho ni c tun hon. M V 13, V12 dch c chuyn dn sang ni c tun hon, iu chnh bng V9, V13. Quan st nu thy tr bt phi m van nc ngng, ng thi ng van cp hi. Sau khi ht bt th m van cp hi v ng van x ngng hot ng bnh thng. Thng xuyn x nc ngng bnh cha nc ngng. Khi ht tip dch ch cn m V 7, xong kha li. Khi ni c 5m3 ht dch th ng V 13, V12. khi c t n mc quy nh th kha van cp hi, kha van chn khng, tt my ht chn khng, m V15, V17, V18 chuyn dch sang ni c. Trong quy trnh ny nc c lm bay hi nh h thng tun hon. Dch trong thit b tun hon s i t di y ln qua hai thit b trao i nhit mi thit b c 92 ng nh. Hi i vo gia khong khng gian gia cc ng cung cp nhit lm nc bc hi v bay ra ngoi qua h thng chn khng. Sau nc s c lm lnh nh thit b lm lnh v chy vo thit b cha. Dch trong thit b tun hon li tip tc mt vng tun hon mi i t di ln qua thit b trao i nhit v tip tc bay hi.

KT LUN
Qua thi gian thc tp ti Cng ty c phn Ha dc Vit Nam em b sung cho mnh c nhiu kinh nghim qu bu. T nhng bi hc c em ra so snh vi thc t em nhn thy rng c rt nhiu im khc bit. Khng phi c p dng t sch v m lm s thnh cng m phi c c mt qu trnh lao ng vt v, rt kinh nghim tch ly cho mnh tay ngh cao l cn thit. Tuy nhin cng khng th ph nhn vai tr ca l thuyt v khng c l thuyt s khng th lm c vic g c. L thuyt chnh l c s p dng vo thc t l ci ngun ca thnh cng. c bit i vi mt ngi k s th thc t l rt cn thit, c thc t ngi k s mi khng nh c tay ngh cng nh trnh ca mnh. Bi vy i vi chng em nhng ngi k s tng li thc tp l rt cn thit. c s quan tm to iu kin ca b mn Cng ngh Ha Dc v HCBVTV cng s gip tn tnh ca thy gio TS. Nguyn Tun Anh v Th.S o Huy Ton chng em hon thnh t thc tp ny v tip thu c cho mnh nhiu hiu bit cng nh kinh nghim qu bu. Tuy nhin trong bi bo co cn khng trnh khi thiu st em rt mong nhn c s gp tn tnh ca c v cc bn bi bo co ca em c hon thin hn. i vi qu cng ty em cng xin c mt vi ng gp kin. C th d dng nhn thy rng thit b ti cc phn xng c v lc hu, mt s thit b khng phi l chuyn dng nn nh hng rt nhiu n hiu sut ca sn phm. Mt khc c nhiu cng on cn thc hin rt th cng nn vic c kh ha t ng ha cn c quan tm v hon thin c bit trong bi cnh hin nay ca nc ta. Vic kim nghim sn phm cng nn c coi trng v iu anh hng trc tip n ngi s dng khi sn phm c a ra th trng. Trn y l nhng kin ca em, em rt mong mnh s ng gp c phn no cho s pht trin ca cng ty v cho nn ha dc Vit Nam. Sinh Vin