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CHC KHT
A
E
E
a
C
D
KT QU
IM
a) Mng t bo c s ca Cu (hnh v)
B
A
a
B
E
1,0
C
4 (nguyn t)
1,0
a = 3,62
khong cch
= 2,56
1,0
1,0
= 8,96 g/cm3
1,0
E
a
C
C
V1 =
7,093 2
= 2,3561023 cm3
6,0221023
Cnh a ca t bo a3 = V a =
8
2,3561023 = 2,86710 cm
Vi cu trc lp phng tm din, ng cho ca lp phng AC = a 3 = 4r
2,86710-8 1,732
Bn knh ca nguyn t Fe r = a 3 =
= 1,241108 cm
4
4
b) 1250K st dng Fe vi cu trc lp phng tm din.
A
a
B
E
Khi ng cho ca mt mt = a 2 = 4r a =
4r
2
41,241108
= 3,511108 cm
1,414
5
KT QU
IM
V = 25,858 cm3
1,0
2,0
r = 1,965 108 cm
2,0
25,858 0,74
6,02 1023
= 3,18 10
23
T V =
cm
4
r3
3
Bn knh nguyn t Ca = r =
3V
=
4
3 3,18 1023
4 3,14
= 1,965 108 cm
6: Tnh bn knh nguyn t gn ng ca Fe 200C, bit ti nhit khi lng ring ca Fe bng 7,87 g/cm3.
Gi thit trong tinh th cc nguyn t Fe c hnh cu, c c kht l 68%.
Cho nguyn t khi ca 55,85 = 40
CCH GII
Th tch ca 1 mol Fe =
KT QU
IM
55,85
= 7,097 cm3.
7,87
7,097 0,68
Theo c kht, th tch ca 1 nguyn t Fe =
6,02 1023
2,0
3
(cm )
4
r3
3
Bn knh nguyn t Fe = r =
r=
3V
4
3 0,8 1023
= 1,24 108 cm
4 3,14
r = 1,24 108 cm
3,0
Tnh bn knh ca nguyn t silic. Cho khi lng ring ca silic tinh th bng 2,33g/cm 3; khi lng mol
nguyn t ca Si bng 28,1g/mol.
6
CCH GII
Trong cu trc kiu kim cng (Hnh bn)
di ca lin kt C-C bng 1/8 di
ng cho d ca t bo n v (unit cell).
Mt khc, d = a 3, vi a l di ca
cnh t bo.
Gi l khi lng ring ca Si.
T nhng d kin ca u bi ta c:
nM
8.28,1
=
=
= 2,33
NV
6, 02.1023.a 3
KT QU
IM
2,0
Hnh v v
s nguyn
t
1,0
Biu thc
1,0
8 28,1
suy ra: a = 3
= 5,43108 cm
6,021023 2,33
5,43108
cm
1,0
KT QU
IM
1
Na
Cl
aCsCl
Cl
aNaCl
aCsCl 3
3
(404,145)3
* NaCl:
4
4
( R3 + r 3) 4
16 (181)3 + (97)3 = 0,667 66,7%
CNaCl = 3
3
=
aCsCl 3
3
(556)3
m Z MMCl
=
c) Tnh khi lng ring =
(z l s phn t, NA l s
V aMCl 3 NA
avogaro)
1 (132,91+ 35,45) 103
* CsCl: DCsCl =
= 4,23673103 kg/m3
(404,145 1012 )3 6,02 1023
4 (22,989+ 35,45) 103
* NaCl: DNaCl =
= 2,25913103 kg/m3
(556 1012 )3 6,02 1023
4,24103
kg/m3
2,26103
kg/m3
9. Mt hp kim ca vng - bc vi mt thnh phn c bit (dung dch rn) v kt tinh di dng lp
phng mt tm vi hng s mng thu c bng phng php nhiu x tia X l 408 pm. Bit trong hp
kim vng chim 0,1 phn khi lng.
a) Tnh hm lng phn trm s mol ca vng trong hp kim?
b) Xc nh khi lng ring (theo kg/m3) ca hp kim kho st?
CCH GII
a) Gi s mol ca Au l 1 mol, Ag c x mol nn tng s mol
trong hp kim l 1 + x mol
1 196,97
= 0,1 x = 16,434
Gi thit:
196,97 1+ 107,87 x
1
Vy % s mol Au =
100% = 5,736%
1+ 16,434
b) M =
KT QU
IM
N M 103
4 112,98 103
=
d=
NA a3
6,02 1023 (408.1012 )3
= 1,1053104 kg/m3
10.
11.
12.
13.
10
Cu 14: Nguyn t kim loi M c bn knh nguyn t l 143pm. n cht ca kim loi kt tinh dng lp
phng tm din, khi lng ring ca kim loi l 2,7 g/cm3. Xc nh kim loi M. (p n: Al)
11