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LUYN THI BI DNG KIN THC MN HA | 18A/88 INH VN T - TP. HI DNG
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TI LIU RN LUYN V CNG C KIN THC TRONG H 2013

MT S CNG THC CN GHI NH

+ Cng thc biu th mi lin h gia s mol, khi lng cht, khi lng mol v th tch
m
n
M
=
22, 4
V
n =
m
M
n
= . m n M =
.22, 4 V n =
RT
PV
n =
Kh ktc Kh ktc (kh, khc ktc)
+ T khi ca cht A so vi cht B:
A
A
B B
M
d
M
= (nu B l khng kh: MB = KK M = 29)
+ Khi lng mol trung bnh:
hn hp
hn hp
A B C A A B B C C
A B C A B C
m
m m m n M n M n M
M
n n n n n n n
+ + + +
= = =
+ + + +

+ Nng phn trm (C%) v nng mol (CM)
) / (
) (
M hay l mol
l V
n
C
dd
ct
M
= % .100(%)
ct
dd
m
C
m
=
Mi lin h gia hai gi tr nng phn trm (C%) v nng mol (CM)
M
C%.10.D
C
M
=
VD m
dd
=

+ =
ct O H dd
m m m
2

+ Hai kh cng nhit v p sut (cng T v P):
B
A
B
A
n
n
V
V
=

+ Tnh theo phng trnh:
a mol cht A to thnh theo phn ng b mol cht B
x mol cht A to thnh theo phn ng y mol cht B
Theo v mt t l ta s lun c:
.
. .
.
a y
x
a b
b
a y b x
b x x y
y
a

= =


BI TON N CHT PHN NG

-Tnh ton theo pthh lun phi da theo cht p ht hoc da vo lng sn phm.
-Khi bi khng ni r p va hay 1 cht no p hon ton m ch cho s liu lin quan n 2 cht tham gia
p, ta cn xc nh c cht no p ht tnh ton theo cht .
B1: Tnh s mol ca 2 cht tham gia p
B2: Vit & cn bng ptp
B3: * Nu t l mol 2 cht l 1:1 th nnh (cht ht) vo pthh
* Nu t l mol khc 1:1 lp t l
bd
pt
n
n
ca c 2 cht
=> cht ht (s nh), cht d (s ln) & t ncht ht vo pthh
B4: t ncht ht vo pthh, tnh theo yu cu ca

BT 1: t 6,75g Al trong 6,72 l kh clo(ktc). Sn phm bao gm nhng cht no? C khi lng bng bao nhiu?
BT 2: Tnh the tch clo thu c (ktc) khi cho 15,8 (g) kali pemanganat (KMnO4) tac dung axit clohiric am ac.
BT 3: Cn bao nhiu gam KMnO4 v bao nhiu ml dung dch HCl 1M iu ch kh Clo tc dng vi Fe, to nn
16,25g FeCl3
BT 4: Cho 3,9 (g) kali tac dung hoan toan vi clo. San pham thu c hoa tan vao nc thanh 250 (g) dung dch.
a) Tnh the tch clo a phan ng (kc).
b) Tnh nong o phan tram dung dch thu c.
Thy Xun Qunh - 0979.817.885 : admin@hoahoc.org : facebook.com/hoahoc.org web: hoahoc.org
LUYN THI BI DNG KIN THC MN HA | 18A/88 INH VN T - TP. HI DNG
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BT 5: Cho 19,2 (g) kim loi R thuc nhm II vo dung dch HCl d thu c 17,92 (l) kh (kc). Tm R.
BT 6: Ha tan 16 (g) oxit ca kim loi R ha tr III cn dng 109,5 (g) dung dch HCl 20%. Xc nh tn R.
BT 7: Ha tan 15,3 (g) oxit ca kim loi M ha tr II vo mt lng dung dch HCl 18,25% thu c 20,8 (g) mui. Xc
nh tn M v khi lng dung dch HCl dng.
BT 8: Ha tan 21,2 (g) mui R2CO3 vo mt lng dung dch HCl 2 (M) thu c 23,4 (g) mui. Xc nh tn R v th
tch dung dch HCl dng.
BT 9: Cho 10,8 g kim loi ha tr III tc dng vi kh Cl2 to thnh 53,4g clorua kim loi.
a/ Xc nh tn kim loi.
b/ Tnh lng MnO2 v V dung dch HCl 37% (d = 1,19g/ml) iu ch kh Clo dng trong phn ng trn. Bit Hiu
sut phn ng l 80%.
BT 10: Cho Hidroxit ca kim loi ho tr II tc dng va vi dung dch H2SO4 20% th thu c dung dch mui c
nng 24,12%. Xc nh cng thc hidroxit.
BT 11: 2,8 gam Oxit ca kim loi ho tr II tc dng va ht vi 0,5 lt dung dch H2SO4 1M. Xc nh Oxit .

BI TON VI HN HP CHT

B1: Chuyn cc s liu cho sang s mol (nu c th)
B2: t n x, y ln lt l s mol mi cht trong hh
B3: Vit pthh
B4: Th s mol t (x, y) vo pthh
B5: Da vo d liu , lp h pt i s v gii gi tr x, y
B6: T gi tr ca x, y tnh theo yu cu bi ton

Cu 1: Ha tan 7,8g hn hp A gm Al v Mg bng 200ml dung dch HCl 4M va thu c V lt kh (ktc). Tnh
thnh phn phn trm khi lng ca cc kim loi c trong hn hp v th tch kh thot ra ?
Cu 2: Ha tan 31,2 (g) hn hp A gm Na2CO3 v CaCO3 vo dung dch HCl d thu c 6,72 (l) CO2 (kc). Tnh khi
lng tng cht trong A.
Cu 3: Cho 27,8 (g) hn hp B gm Al v Fe tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 15,68 (l) H2 (kc). Tnh % khi
lng tng cht trong B.
Cu 4: Cho 24 (g) hn hp G gm Mg v MgCO3 tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 11,2 (l) hn hp kh gm H2
v CO2 (kc). Tnh % khi lng tng cht trong G.
Cu 5: Ha tan 64 (g) hn hp X gm CuO v Fe2O3 vo dung dch HCl 20%. Sau phn ng, c cn dung dch thu c
124,5 (g) hn hp mui khan Y.
a) Tnh % khi lng tng cht trong X.
b) Tnh khi lng dung dch HCl dng.
Cu 6: Ha tan 23,8 (g) hn hp mui gm mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi ha tr I v mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi
ha tr II vo dung dch HCl d th thu c 0,4 (g) kh. em c cn dung dch sau phn ng th thu c bao nhiu gam
mui khan?
Cu 7: Ha tan hon ton 14,2g hn hp Fe, CuO vo 100ml dung dch HCl th thu c 1,68 lt kh A (ktc) v dung
dch B.
a/ Tnh khi lng ca mi cht trong hn hp ban u.
b/ Tnh CM ca dung dch HCl.
c/ Tnh CM ca mi mui trong dung dch B (xem nh V dung dch khng thay i)
Cu 8: Cho 22g hn hp A gm Fe v Al tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c 17,92 lt kh (ktc).
a/ Tnh thnh phn % khi lng mi cht trong hn hp ban u
b/ Tnh khi lng dung dch HCl 7,3% ti thiu cn dng.
c/ Tnh khi lng hn hp mui thu c khi c cn dung dch sau phn ng.
Thy Xun Qunh - 0979.817.885 : admin@hoahoc.org : facebook.com/hoahoc.org web: hoahoc.org
LUYN THI BI DNG KIN THC MN HA | 18A/88 INH VN T - TP. HI DNG
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Cu 9: Chia 35 (g) hn hp X cha Fe, Cu, Al thnh 2 phn bng nhau:
Phn I: cho tc dng hon ton dung dch HCl d thu 6,72 (l) kh (kc).
Phn II: cho tc dng va 10,64 (l) kh clo (kc).
Tnh % khi lng tng cht trong X.
Cu 10: t chy hon ton 18,8 (g) hn hp A cha H2S v C3H8O ta thu c 17,92 (l) hn hp CO2 v SO2 .Tnh %
khi lng cc cht trong hn hp A.
Cu 11: Cho m (g) hn hp X gm Al, Fe tc dng vi 250 ml dung dch H2SO4 long thu c 72,2 g hn hp mui v
12,32 lit kh (kc).
a. Tnh % khi lng tng cht trong X.
b. Tnh CM dung dch H2SO4 dng.
Cu 12: Cho 40 g hn hp Fe Cu tc dng va vi dung dch H2SO4 98% nng thu c 15,68 lit SO2 (kc).
a.Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp?
b.Tnh khi lng dung dch H2SO4 dng?
Cu 13: Cho 12,6 g hn hp A cha Mg v Al c trn theo t l mol 3:2 tc dng va vi dung dch H2SO4 c,
nng thu c kh SO2 (kc).
a. Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi trong hn hp A?
b. Tnh VSO2 ( 27
0
C; 5 atm).
c. Cho ton b kh SO2 trn vo 400 ml dung dch NaOH 2,5 M. Tnh CM cc cht trong dung dch thu c.
Cu 14: Cho 10,38 g hn hp gm Fe, Al v Ag chia lm 2 phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: Tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long d thu c 2,352 lit khi (kc).
- Phn 2: Tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 , nng d thu c 2,912lit kh SO2 (kc).
Tnh khi lng tng kim loi trong hn hp ban u.

DNG TON OXIT AXIT TC DNG VI DUNG DCH KIM
(kh SO2 tac dng vi dung dch baz kim)
Phng php:
B1: tnh
2
;
SO bazo
OH
n n n


B2: Lp t l
2
OH
SO
n
T
n

=
+ Nu T s 1: sp to thnh l mui hidrosunfit (cha gc HSO3
-
); SO2 d hoc va
+ Nu 1< T <2: sp to thnh l hn hp 2 mui: hidrosunfit (cha gc HSO3
-
) v sunfit (cha gc SO3
2-
); c SO2 v baz
u p ht
+ Nu T >2: sp to thnh l mui sunfit (cha gc SO3
2-
); baz d hoc va .
B3: Vit pthh
B4: Th s mol cht ht vo pthhtnh theo yu cu ca bi
Trng hp to 2 mui:
t x, y ln lt l s mol ca 2 mui lp h pt i s v gii tm n yu cu bi ton

Cu 1: Cho 5,6 lit kh SO2 (kc) vao:
a) 400 ml dung dch KOH 1,5 M.
b) 250 ml dung dch NaOH 0,8 M.
c) 200 ml dung dch KOH 2 M.
Tnh nong o cac chat trong dung dch thu c .
Cu 2: ot chay hoan toan 8,98 lit H2S (kc) roi hoa tan tat ca san pham sinh ra vao 80 ml dung dch NaOH 25% (d=
1,28 g/ml). Tnh C% cua dung dch muoi thu c.
Cu 3: ot chay hoan toan 12,8 g lu huynh. Kh sinh ra c hap thu het bi 150 ml dung dch NaOH 20% (d= 1,28
g/ml). Tm CM, C% cua cac chat trong dung dch thu c sau phan ng.
Thy Xun Qunh - 0979.817.885 : admin@hoahoc.org : facebook.com/hoahoc.org web: hoahoc.org
LUYN THI BI DNG KIN THC MN HA | 18A/88 INH VN T - TP. HI DNG
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VIT PHNG TRNH PHN NG IEU CHE MOT CHAT T NHIEU CHAT

1. ieu che oxit.
Phi kim + oxi Nhiet phan axit (axit mat nc)
Kim loai + oxi OXIT Nhiet phan muoi
Oxi + hp chat Nhiet phan baz khong tan
Kim loai manh + oxit kim loai yeu
V du: 2N2 + 5O2 2N2O5 ; H2CO3
o
t
CO2 + H2O
3Fe + 2O2
o
t
Fe3O4 ; CaCO3
o
t
CaO + CO2
4FeS2 + 11O2
o
t
2Fe2O3 + 8SO2 ; Cu(OH)2
o
t
CuO + H2O
2Al + Fe2O3
o
t
Al2O3 + 2Fe
2. ieu che axit.
Oxit axit + H2O
Phi kim + Hiro AXIT
Muoi + axit manh
V du: P2O5 + 3H2O 2H3PO4
H2 + Cl2
o
t
2HCl
AgNO3 + HCl AgCl + HNO3
CH3COONa + HCl CH3COOH + NaCl
3. ieu che baz.
Kim loai + H2O Kiem + dd muoi
BAZ
Oxit baz + H2O ien phan dd muoi (co mang ngan)
V du: 2K + 2H2O 2KOH + H2 ; Ca(OH)2 + K2CO3 CaCO3 + 2KOH
Na2O + H2O 2NaOH ; 2KCl + 2H2O
ien phan
co mang nga n
2KOH + H2 + Cl2
4. ieu che muoi.
a) T n chat b) T hp chat
Axit + Baz
Kim loai + Axit Axit + Oxit baz
Oxit axit + Oxit baz
Kim loai + Phi kim MUOI Muoi axit nung nng
Muoi axit + Baz
Kim loai + DD muoi Axit + DD muoi
Kiem + DD muoi
DD muoi + DD muoi
V d:
Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2 2Fe + 3Cl2 2FeCl3
Mg + CuSO4 Cu + MgSO4 HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
FeO + H2SO4 (c, nng) Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + H2O CO2 + CaO CaCO3
2NaHCO3
0
t
Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O NaHCO3 + NaOH Na2CO3 + H2O
Ba(NO3)2 + H2SO4 BaSO4 + 2HNO3 3NaOH + FeCl3 3NaCl + Fe(OH)3
Na2SO4 + Ba(NO3)2 BaSO4 + 2NaNO3
+ Lu :
+ HS v nh xem li ton b cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong cc phn: phn ng oxi ha kh, phn
ng lin quan v oxi lu hunh v cc nguyn t trong nhm Halogen.

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