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CHNG VI THIT K PHN CNG

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6.1 S khi

Hnh 6.1: S khi h thng 6.2 Phn tch s khi 6.2.1 Yu cu ti iu khin gim st h thng H thng bao gm mt my tnh c kt ni vi router WIFI ng vai tr nh mt server iu khin v gim st cc khu vc xc nh. Ti mi khu vc c mt Module thu thp d liu s c gi tr cc cm bin gi v cho server. ng thi cng nhn d liu t Server iu khin cc thit b chp hnh. 6.2.2 Phn tch s khi m bo c yu cu c cc cm bin, iu khin c cu chp hnh v giao tip vi module HLK-WIFI-M03 cn phi c mt khi iu khin trung tm - s dng vi iu khin ATmega32. thc hin nhim v gim st cc c tnh mi trng ti khu vc xc nh, cn s dng khi cm bin. Thnh phn ca khi ny l cc cm bin c s dng ph bin nh cm bin o nhit , m. H thng cn c khi chp hnh nhn lnh t khi iu khin, t thc hin cc cng vic xc nh. Khi chp hnh gm cc c cu cch li mch iu khin v mch ng lc, c cu cch li ny gm cc thnh phn sau: - S dng ng ra Relay i vi nhng ti khng cn tn s ng ct ln (n, chung, vi loi ng c...).

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-

S dng ng ra Transistor i vi nhng ti cn c iu khin vi tn s ln (ng c, l nhit...bng cc thut ton nh PID), nhm phc v cho cc mc ch nghin cu tip ni ca n. Khi hin th c dng theo di cc thao tc ci t v cc tin trnh ca module. Khi nt nhn c dng ci t cc tin trnh cn thit cho hot ng ca h thng. 6.3 Gii thiu cc cm bin c s dng 6.3.1 Cm bin SHT11 6.3.1.1 Gii thiu Cm bin nhit v m do hng SENSIRION sn xut.

Hnh 6.2: Cm bin SHT11 SHT11 l cm bin tch hp di dng chip c dy ng ra.

Hnh 6.3: S chn cm bin

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Bng 6.1: Thng s c bn ca cm bin Thng s iu kin Ngun cung cp Dng tiu th Lc o Trung bnh Ng Tn s SCK VDD>4.5V VDD<4.5V Tm o m Nhit 6.3.1.2 Giao tip vi vi iu khin

Min 2.4

Typical 5 550 28 0.3

Max 5.5

0 -40

10 1 100 123

n v V A A A MHz MHz %RH o C

Hnh 6.4: Cch kt ni vi VK Cm bin SHT1x giao tip vi VK thng qua chun 2 dy( 2-wire) SCK v DATA. Chun ny khng hon ton ging I2C thng thng. Chn SCK:chn ny dng ng b d liu gia VK v cm bin. Ngng tn s hot ng nh trong bng 6.1 Chn DATA: dng truyn d liu 2 chiu gia VK v cm bin. Cn c in tr ko ln ngun nh trong hnh 6.4. Thc t, in tr ny thng c t trn mch VK. 6.3.1.3 Phng thc gi mt lnh cho cm bin bt u truyn d liu cn c mt tn hiu START, Hnh 3.1.3.1. Sau tn hiu START s l lnh do VK gi xung.

Hnh 6.5: Tn hiu START Mt lnh ca cm bin cha 1 byte(8 bit). Trong , 3 bit u l 3 bit a ch (gi tr lun 000) v 5 bit cn li l m lnh. Chi tit cc lnh:

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Bng 6.2: Chi tit gi tr cc lnh

6.3.1.4 Cch c gi tr nhit v m Sau khi gi m lnh xung cho cm bin, vi iu khin phi i cho n khi qu trnh o - chuyn i hon tt. Qu trnh ny mt khong 10/55/210ms tng ng phn gii 8/12/14 bit. D liu s c lu trong b m ca cm bin cho ti khi no c c. D liu tr v ca cm bin bao gm 2 byte gi tr v 1 byte CRC (byte kim tra li). y khng cp n vai tr ca byte CRC.

Hnh 6.6: Chui d liu khi c gi tr ca cm bin 6.3.1.5 Cch chuyn i gi tr o c thnh gi tr tht Nhit Nhit tht=d1+d2*SOT Trong : SOT:gi tr c v c t cm bin Bng 6.3: Gi tr d1 v d2 cho tng trng hp

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m m cha b nhit RHli RHli=C1+C2*SORH+C3* SORH2 Trong : SORH:gi tr c c t cm bin Bng 6.4: Gi tr C1,C2 v C3 cho tng trng hp

m c b nhit RHtr Do sai lch ng k gia 25oC v nhit do cm bin o c nn c th b sai s bng cng thc: RHtr=(ToC-25)*(t1+t2*SORH)+RHli Trong : ToC: nhit mi trng do cm bin o c trc Bng 6.5: Gi tr t1,t2 cho tng trng hp

6.3.2 Cm bin DS18b20 6.3.2.1 Gii thiu

Hnh 6.7: Cm bin ds18b20 2 dng Cm bin do hng DALAS sn xut. c thit k giao tip theo chun 1 dy (1wire).

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6.3.2.2 phn gii ca b chuyn i cm bin 9-12bit. Tm o -55~125oC. chnh xc 0.5oC trong tm -55~85oC. Ngun hot ng 3~5.5V. C th cp ngun thng qua ng dy tn hiu. Thi gian chuyn i di nht khi phn gii 12bit l 750ms. Kt ni phn cng Cm bin c cp ngun qua ng tn hiu

Hnh 6.8 cp ngun cho cm bin thng qua ng tn hiu Cm bin c cp ngun ring

Hnh 6.9: Cp ngun cho cm bin thng qua ngun ring 6.3.2.3 Cu trc b nh DS18b20 c b nh ROM 64-bit c khc bng laze

Trong : 8-bit CRC:cha byte m CRC kim tra li khi truyn 8-bit FAMILY CODE: cha m ca h ds18b20 trong chun 1-wire 48-bit SERIAL NUMBER: cha m ca tng cm bin. Mi cm bin khi xut xng s mang mt m ring bit. Do , khi kt ni vo bus 1-wire, s lng cm bin c th xem nh khng hn ch.

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Ngoi b nh Rom trn cm bin cn c tch hp thm b nh SRAM v mt b

nh EEROM lu tr thanh ghi TH, TL ginh cho thit t cnh bo. Nu khng dng chc nng cnh bo, 2 thanh ghi trn c th lm thanh ghi dng chung thng thng.

Hnh 6.10: Chi tit b nh SRAM cm bin Thanh ghi configuration Register

Bng 6.6: Cu hnh phn gii ca cm bin

6.3.2.4 Cc lnh chc nng ca cm bin READ ROM (33h) Cho php c ra 8 byte m khc bng laser trn ROM, bao gm: 8 bit m nh tn linh kin (10h), 48 bit s xut xng, 8 bit kim tra CRC. Lnh ny ch dng khi trn bus c 1 cm bin DS1820, nu khng s xy ra xung t trn bus do tt c cc thit b t cng p ng. MATCH ROM (55h) Lnh ny c gi i cng vi 64 bit ROM tip theo, cho php b iu khin bus chn ra ch mt cm bin DS1820 c th khi trn bus c nhiu cm bin DS1820 cng ni vo. Ch c DS1820 no c 64 bit trn ROM trung khp vi chui 64 bit va c gi ti mi p ng li cc lnh v b nh tip theo. Cn cc cm bin

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DS1820 c 64 bit ROM khng trng khp s tip tc ch mt xung reset. Lnh ny c s dng c trong trng hp c mt cm bin mt dy, c trong trng hp c nhiu cm bin mt dy. SKIP ROM (CCh) Lnh ny cho php thit b iu khin truy nhp thng n cc lnh b nh ca DS1820 m khng cn gi chui m 64 bit ROM. Nh vy s tit kim c thi gian ch i nhng ch mang hiu qu khi trn bus ch c mt cm bin. SEARCH ROM (F0h) Lnh ny cho php b iu khin bus c th d tm c s lng thnh vin t ang c u vo bus v cc gi tr c th trong 64 bit ROM ca chng bng mt chu trnh d tm. ALARM SEARCH (ECh) Tin trnh ca lnh ny ging ht nh lnh Search ROM, nhng cm bin DS1820 ch p ng lnh ny khi xut hin iu kin cnh bo trong php o nhit cui cng. iu kin cnh bo y c nh ngha l gi tr nhit o c ln hn gi tr TH v nh hn gi tr TL l hai gi tr nhit cao nht v nhit thp nht c t trn thanh ghi trong b nh ca cm bin. CONVERT T (44h) Lnh ny khi ng mt qu trnh o v chuyn i gi tr nhit thnh s (nh phn). Sau khi chuyn i gi tr kt qu o nhit c lu tr trn thanh ghi nhit 2 byte trong b nh nhp Thi gian chuyn i khng qu 200 ms, trong thi gian ang chuyn i nu thc hin lnh c th cc gi tr c ra u bng 0. READ POWER SUPPLY (B4h) Mt lnh c tip sau lnh ny s cho bit DS1820 ang s dng ch cp ngun nh th no, gi tr c c bng 0 nu cp ngun bng chnh ng dn d liu v bng 1 nu cp ngun qua mt ng dn ring. 6.3.3 Cm bin LM35 6.3.3.1 Gii thiu LM35 l cm bin o nhit c tch hp dng IC TO-92

Hnh 6.11: Th t chn LM35 o c nhit theo C. Ngng o -55~150oC.

o

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in p ra tuyn tnh 10mV/oC. in p hot ng 4~30V.

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6.3.3.2 Cch o Cm bin tr v tn hiu in p theo nhit , tuyn tnh 10mV/oC. Do , vic o nhit n gin ch l o in p chn ra tn hiu. 6.3.4 IC LM2576 LM2576 l vi mch ngun xung c chc nng nh mt mch BUCK. in p ra h tr c nh 3.3V, 5V, 12V, 15V v mt phin bn cho php chnh mc in p.

Hnh 6.12: S cu trc bn trong ca IC LM2576 c kh nng n p theo ti, dng c th ln n 3A hot ng c IC LM2576, cn mc mch nh sau, cc thng s linh kin do nh sn xut cung cp:

Hnh 6.13: S mch ngun s dng LM2576 6.4 Thit k cc khi 6.4.1 Khi iu khin Khi iu khin s dng vi iu khin ATmega32 chy thch anh ngoi m bo khng c sai s khi truyn nhn ni tip.

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Hnh 6.14: Khi iu khin

Hnh 6.15: Khi lc ngun cho b ADC ca VK

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Hnh 6.16: Mch RESET v Header np chng trnh

Hnh 6.17: LED bo ngun v 2 LED bo trng thi Cc led bo trng thi c ni vi chn vi iu khin, cc I/O ca ATmega c kh nng cp dng n 40mA, in tr hn dng cho 2 led trng thi c xc nh nh sau: V VLED 10(mA) OH 15(mA) (6.1) R 5 1.8 (6.2) 10(mA) 15(mA ) R (6.3) 213() R 330() ) Chn R = 330 tng ng vi dng tiu th ca mi led l 10mA. Tnh ton tng t vi led bo ngun, led ny s dng ngun 5V, ta c gi tr in tr hn dng ca led ny l 330 .

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6.4.2 Khi module HLK-WIFI-M03 Mch h tr vi iu khin giao tip vi module HLK-WIFI-M03 gm c khi chuyn i TTL~RS232 v header cng COM kt ni vi module. Khi chuyn i TTL-RS232: s dng IC MAX3232. Mt s c im ca IC MAX3232: - in p hot ng 3-5.5V - Dng hot ng 300A - Tc truyn d liu ln n 250Kbps

Hnh 6.18: Mch giao tip TTL-RS232

Khi hin th S dng LCD 16x2 c chip iu khin tch hp HD44780. S kt ni ca LCD nh sau: 6.4.3

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Hnh 6.19: S kt ni vi LCD 16x2 6.4.4 Khi cm bin Cc loi cm bin s dng: SHT11, DS18b20, LM35. SHT11

6.4.5

Hnh 6.20: Mch kt ni ng ra cm bin

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6.4.6 DS18b20

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Hnh 6.20: Mch kt ni ng ra cm bin 6.4.7 LM35

Hnh 6.21: Mch kt ni ng ra cm bin 6.4.8 Khi chp hnh 6.4.8.1 Ng ra transistor Khi ng ra transistor s dng Transistor loi Darlington NPN TIP122

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Hnh 6.22: S mch ng ra Transistor 6.4.8.2 Ng ra Relay

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Hnh 6.23: S mch iu khin Relay ng ra Khi transistor ngng dn t ngt, in tch trong cun dy s x qua transistor, in p ny ny rt ln nn c th lm hng tip gip bn dn trong transistor. ngn nga iu ny, ta mc diode 1N4007 nh thit k trn dn dng v ngun, bo v transistor. 6.4.9 Khi ngun Linh kin ATmega32 LED MAX3232 HLK-WIFI-M03 RELAY Tng cng Dng tiu th (mA) 12 10 0.3 300 40 S lng 1 3 1 1 4 Tng dng (mA) 12 30 0.3 300 160 502.3

S dng IC ngun LM2576, dng ti a t 3A.

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Hnh 6.24: S khi ngun s dng LM2576

Ngoi ra, trong mch cn c khi ngun n p 3.3V

Hnh 6.25: S khi ngun 3.3V

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