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KIM TRA HC K I NM HC
Mn: HO HC 10 C BN
Thi gian: 45 pht
H v tn :......................................................
im
Lp: ................................................................

M : 363

Cu 1 : Cho cc nguyn t A (Z=8) ; B (Z=18) ; C (Z=19). Vit cu hnh electron nguyn

t ca cc nguyn t, nguyn t no l kim loi, phi kim, kh him, xc nh v tr ca cc
nguyn t trong bng tun hon, gii thch ?
Cu 2 : Cho cc nguyn t O (Z=8) ; H (Z=1) ; C (Z=6), Na (Z=11). Vit cng thc mt
cht c lin kt cng ho tr khng cc, mt cht c cc, mt cht c lin kt ion to bi 2
trong 4 nguyn t trn (cho m in : O = 3,44 ; H = 2,2 ; Na = 0,93 ; C=2,55)
Cu 3 : Hai nguyn t A v B ng k tip nhau trong 2 nhm A c tng s proton trong
ht nhn hai nguyn t l 33. Xc nh s hiu nguyn t, vit cu hnh electron ca A v B.
Cu 4 : Nguyn t R c cng thc oxit cao nht l R 2O5 , nguyn t ny to vi hiro mt
cht kh trong hiro chim 17,647% v khi lng. Xc nh R, vit cng thc electron
v cng thc cu to ca hp cht vi hiro (Cho P =31,0 ; S =32,0 ;Si=28,0 ; N=14,0)
Cu 5 : Xc nh in ho tr, cng ho tr ca mi nguyn t trong cc hp cht :
CaCl2, Cl2, SiO2, MgO ; gii thch ?
56
X , xc nh s eletron, proton, ntron ca nguyn t
Cu 6 : Mt nguyn t c k hiu 26
X v ion X3+ .
Cu 7 : C cc nguyn t A (Z = 12), B (Z = 20), C (Z = 7), D (Z = 19), E (Z = 9). Sp xp
cc nguyn t cc nguyn t theo chiu (khng gii thch) :
a. Bn knh nguyn t gim dn
b. Tnh kim loi tng dn.
Cu 8 : Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca nguyn t R l 79,91. Bit R c hai ng v trong
79
R chim 54,5% s nguyn t. Nguyn t khi ca ng v cn li c gi tr bao nhiu ?
Cu 9 : Cn bng cc phn ng oxi ha - kh sau theo phng php thng bng electron
(xc nh s oxi ho, xc nh cht oxi ho, cht kh, s oxi ho, s kh)
a. NH3 + O2 NO + H2O. b. Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + N2O + H2O
Cu 10 : Cho 12,4 gam hn hp 2 kim loi kim hai chu k lin tip, tc dng vi 200 ml
dung dich HCl (d) thu c 4,48 lt (ktc) hiro. Xc nh hai kim loi . (Li =7, Na =
23, K = 39, Rb = 85, Cs = 133).
Bi lm

p n :

Cu 1 (1) Cu hnh electron :

Z = 8 : 1s22s22p4 ; Z = 18 : 1s22s22p6 3s23p6 ; Z = 19 : 1s22s22p6 3s23p64s1.
A : la phi kim ; chu k 2, v c 2 lp electron ; nhm VIA , v c 6 electron ngoi cng.
B :l kh him ; chu k 3, v c 3 lp electron ; nhm VIIIA, v c 6 electron ngoi cng.
C : l kim loi ; chu k 4, v c 4 lp electron ; nhm IA , v c 1 electron ngoi cng.
Cu 2 : (1)
Cht c lin kt cng ha tr khng cc : CH4.
Cht c lin kt cng ha tr c cc : H2O.
Cht c lin kt ion : Na2O .
Cu 3 : (1) Ta c h : ZA + ZB = 33 v ZB ZA = 1; gii h trn ta c :ZA = 16 v ZB = 17.
Cu hnh electron : ZA = 16 : 1s22s22p6 3s23p4 v ZB = 17 : 1s22s22p6 3s23p5
Cu 4 : (1) nguyn t ny to vi hiro mt cht kh trong hiro chim 17,647% v
khi lng. Xc nh R, vit cng thc electron v cng thc cu to ca hp cht vi hiro
(Cho P =31,0 ; S =32,0 ;Si=28,0 ; N=14,0)
3.100

Cng thc hp cht vi hiro : RH3 : %H = M + 3 = 17,647 => MR = 14.

R
Cu 5 : (1)
CaCl2 : Ca c in ho tr 2+ ; Cl c in ho tr 1-; v hp cht CaCl2 c lin kt ion.
Cl2 : c cng ho tr 1 v phn t Cl2 c lin kt cng ho tr.
SiO2 : Si c cng ho tr 4 ; O c cng ho 2, v phn t SiO2 c lin kt cng ho tr.
MgO : Mg c in ho tr 2+ , O c in c in ho tr 2 -, v phn t.
56
X , xc nh s eletron, proton, ntron ca nguyn
Cu 6 : (1) Mt nguyn t c k hiu 26
3+
t X v ion X : Nguyn t X : c s electron : 26; s proton : 26; s ntron : 56 36 = 30.
Ion X3+ : c s electron : 23; s proton : 26; s ntron : 56 36 = 30.
Cu 7 : a. Bn knh nguyn t gim dn : D B A C E. (0,5)
b. Tnh kim loi tng dn. :
E C A B D. (0,5)
Cu 8 : (1)

79.54,5 + A.(100 54,5)

= 79,91 => A = 80.
100

Cu 9 : (1) Mi phn ng 0,5

Cu 10 : (1)
Cho 12,4 gam hn hp 2 kim loi kim hai chu k lin tip, tc dng vi 200 ml dung
dich HCl (d) thu c 4,48 lt (ktc) hiro. Xc nh hai kim loi . (Li =7, Na = 23, K =
39, Rb = 85, Cs = 133).
A + HCl A Cl + H2 ; nA = 2 nH2 = 2x4,48/22,4 = 0,04 mol
=> M = 12,4 : 0,04 = 31g => A : Na (23g) v B : K (39g)