Bi tp v nh: C s cng ngh Ch To My

Nhm Thc Hin:

1. Trn Hu Tn_09111080
2. Nguyn Ngc ng_09111030
3. Trng Quang Cnh_09111010

I. Nhng yu cu i vi vt liu lm dao.

a) cng:
- ct c kim loi vt liu lm dao cn c cng
cao hn vt liu gia cng, thng thng c cng
t 62 65 HRC. gia cng thp cng (thp khng
r, thp chu nng) cng ca dng c ct gt
phi trn 65 HRC .
b) bn c hc:
- Mun lm vic lu di, dao cn phi c bn c hc
cao nh sc bn v do cao. Dao thng chu
nhng lc c hc ln (p lc mt trc). Chu
rung ng lm lc ct khng n nh, d gy v
hng dao.

c) chu nhit: L kh nng gi c c tnh ct

( cng cao, sc bn c hc) nhit cao
trong thi gian di.
- Vt liu khi b nung nng th cng gim i.
tuy nhin nu trong qu trnh nung nng vt
liu khng b bin i v t chc th sau khi lm
ngui, cng ca vt liu s c phc hi.
- Nhit ct thng rt ln c th n 1000oC, do
vy tnh chu nhit l mt trong nhng c tnh
quan trng nht ca vt liu dng c.
- Vt liu lm dao c tnh dn in cng cao cng
tt v nh vy s lm gim nhit sinh ra khu
vc ct lm cho dao lu b mn.

d) chu mi mn:
- Trong qu trnh ct, mt trc dng c tip
xc vi phoi, mt sau tip xc vi mt ang gia
cng chi tit, vi tc trt ln, nn vt liu
dng c phi c tnh chu mn cao (Tnh chu
mn vt liu t l thun vi cng.)
- Mt trong nhng nguyn nhn ch yu gy ra
mn dao l hin tng chy dnh ca vt liu
lm dao. Tnh chy dnh ca vt liu lm dao
c c trng bi nhit chy dnh gia hai
vt liu tip xc vi nhau Vt liu lm dao tt
l vt liu c nhit chy dnh cao.

e) Tnh cng ngh:

- Vt liu lm dng c ct phi d rn, d dp, d
ct gt, ni cch khc chng phi c to
dng mt cch d dng, thun tin cho cng
vic ch to v phc hi tnh nng ca dng c
ct trong sn xut.
f) Tnh kinh t: Gi c ph hp, chng loi a
dng..

II. Cc loi vt liu ch to dng c ct.

- Thp Cacbon dng c.
- Thp hp kim dng c.
- Thp gi.
- Hp kim cng.
- Vt liu s.
- Vt liu mi v cc vt liu t hp khc.

1) Thp Cacbon dng c (tcvn 1822-76).

* Thnh phn ha hc.
- Cacbon 0,7-1,5%
- Hp kim (Mn, Si, P, Cr, Ni...) khng qu 0,1-0,3%
* cng trng thi ti. 60-62HRC. V thm ti
thp do li thp c do nht nh, thch hp
cho vic ch to mt s dng c ct nh c, da...
* bn nhit thp. ch thc hp nhit 200-250C.
do lm vic tc ct thp (4-5m/ph)
* Mc thp cacbon: CD70, CD80, CD80Mn, CD100...
CD70A, CD80A, CD80MnA...

2) Thp hp kim dng c (tcvn 1823-76).

- Thp hp kim dng c l thp cacbon dng c c hm
lng nguyn t hp kim khong 0,5-5%. tng
tnh chu nng phi dng mt lng cc hp kim
c bit (Crm, Vonfram). Tng thm ti
(Vanadi). Tng cng (Crm). Tng chu nhit
v mi mn (Vonfram)...
* cng trng thi ti. n 62HRC.
* bn nhit. 350-400C. Tc tng 20% so vi thp
cacbon dng c. Thng dng ch to cc dng c
ct bng tay nh li ca, mi t du, bn rn,
tar, dao co ngui..
* Mc thp hp kim thng dng: 70CrV, 80CrV, 110Cr,
40Cr5W2Vsi..

3) Thp gi
- Thp gi l thp hp kim dng c nhng hm lng
Vonfram cao t 5-20%, nn n c tnh nng c bit
(tnh chu mn v chu nhit tng cao). Thp gi s
dng rng ri v tc ct tng 2-4 ln, tui bn
nng cao t 8-15 ln so vi thp cacbon v hp kim
dng c.
- Ngi ta thm Vanadi v Coban nng cao chu
nhit v dng gia cng cc loi thp hp kim c
cng cao.
* cng trng thi ti. 60-70HRC.
* bn nhit. 400-600C.
* Tc ct. 25-35 m/pht.
- u im ch yu ca thp gi l c kh nng ct vi tc
cao khi gia cng cc loi thp c bn v cng
cao.

3) Thp gi.
- Thp gi c chia:
+ Thp gi c tui bn trung bnh (P18, P12,
P6M5)
+ Thp gi c tui bn cao (P182, P144,
P95, )
- Thp gi c k hiu bng: Ch ci P c
ngha l thp gi (thp c kh nng ct vi tc
cao), cn ch s ng sau ch ci P ch lng
vonphram trung bnh (%) trong thp. Lng vanadi
trung bnh (%) c k hiu bng ch s ng sau
ch s , cn lng coban bng ch s ng sau
ch ci K.

Bng 1: Thnh phn ho hc ca mt s loi thp gi.

Nhn hiu C

Cr

Co

1. Thp c nng sut thng

P18

0,7- 0,8

3,8-4,4

17,5-19,0

1,0-1,4

P9

0,85-0,95

3,8-4,4

8,5-10,0

2,0-2,6

2. Thp gi c nng sut cao

P95

1,4-1,5

3,8-4,4

0,9-10,5

4,3-5,1

P144

1,2-1,3

4,0-4,6

13,0-14,5

3,4-4,1

P182

0,85-0,95

3,8-4,4

17,5-19,0

1,8-2,4

P9K5

0,9-1,0

3,8-4,4

9,0-10,5

2,0-2,6

5,0-6,0

P9K10

0,9-1,0

3,8-4,4

9,0-10,5

2,0-2,6

9,5-10,5

P10K55

1,45-1,55

4,0-4,6

10,0-11,5

4,3-5,1

5,0-6,0

P18K52

0.,85-0,95

3,8-4,4

17,5-19,0

1,8-2,4

5,0-6,0

Tt c cc nhn hiu thp ni trn u c lng tp cht hn ch

Mn<0,4%: Si<0,4%: Mo<0,5%: Ni<0,4%: P>0,03%: S<0,03%

3) Thp gi
- Thp gi P144 c dng ch to cc loi dao
tin, dao phay, dao khoan, dao khot v dao chut.
- Thp gi P95 c dng ch to cc loi dng c
cho gia cng tinh , c bit l gia cng thp c
cng trung bnh gia cng ng, hp kim chu
la v cht do. Cc dng c l cc loi dao tin,
dao phay, dao khoan, dao khot dao doa

5) Hp kim cng.