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Mc lc Mc lc ................................................................................................................. 2 Chng I: Hng dn tho my ........................................................................ 4 1.1. Hng dn chung khi tho my .............................................................. 4 1.2. Hng dn tho mt s chi tit thng dng ............................................ 6 1.3. Ra v lm sch chi tit v cm my .................................................... 11 1.4. S tm tt qu trnh sa cha my ................................................... 13 Chng II : Bo tr sa cha cc mi ghp c nh....................................... 15 2.1. Mi ghp ren ......................................................................................... 15 2.2. Mi ghp chm...................................................................................... 19 2.3. Mi ghp then........................................................................................ 20 2.4. Mi ghp then hoa................................................................................. 21 Chng III: Bo tr sa cha trc tm v trc truyn.................................. 23 3.1. Trc b mn ngng v mt nhn cn thit ........................................ 23 3.2. Trc b bin dng xon.......................................................................... 24 3.3. Trc b cong........................................................................................... 25 3.4. Trc b nt hoc gy.............................................................................. 25 Chng IV: Bo tr sa cha trc chnh......................................................... 27 4.1. Kt cu ca trc chnh v cc dng hng thng gp ........................... 27 4.2. Sa ngng lp trc .............................................................................. 28 4.3. Sa cha l cn...................................................................................... 29 4.4. Sa cha ren v l then.......................................................................... 30 4.5. Sa cha l ng chm.......................................................................... 31 4.6. Sa cha ngng cn............................................................................... 32 Chng V: Bo tr sa cha trc .................................................................. 34 5.1. Sa cha ln........................................................................................ 34 5.2. Sa cha trt ..................................................................................... 35

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Chng VI: Bo tr sa cha trc vt me v b truyn vt me- ai c......... 38 6.1. Trc vt me............................................................................................. 38 6.2. ai c ca trc vt me............................................................................ 38 6.3. Cm trc vt me- ai c ......................................................................... 38 Chng VII: Bo tr sa cha khp ni, phanh............................................. 40 7.1. Khp ni trc......................................................................................... 40 7.2. Phanh ..................................................................................................... 45 Chng VIII: Bo tr sa cha trc b truyn ai, xch ............................... 48 8.1. Sa cha b truyn ai .......................................................................... 48 8.2. Sa cha trc b truyn xch ................................................................. 49 Chng IX: Bo tr sa cha b truyn bnh rng, bnh vt....................... 50 9.1. B truyn bnh rng .............................................................................. 50 9.2. B truyn trc vt- bnh vt.................................................................... 54 Chng X: Bo tr sa cha trc khuu, thanh truyn ................................ 56 10.1. Trc khuu .......................................................................................... 56 10.2. Thanh truyn........................................................................................ 57 Chng XI: Bo tr sa cha bng my, bn dao, bn my, bng trt..... 59 11.1. Bng my............................................................................................. 59 11.2. Bn dao my tin ................................................................................. 65 Ti liu tham kho ............................................................................................ 69

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Chng I: hng dn tho my 1.1. Hng dn chung khi tho my D my hng t xut hoc em my i sa cha theo k hoch, trc khi tho cn quan st k ton b cc cm my, cc chi tit quan trng ca my xc nh cc ch h hng v lp phiu sa cha. Trc khi tho my ra sa cha cn chun b chi tit thay th, cc dng c v g lp cn thit. Cc b phn my phi c qut sch phoi, mt st, lau chi sch du m, dung dch trn ngui v mi vt bn khc. vic tho my ng quy phm, trnh nhm ln tht lc v to iu kin thun li cho vic lp li sau nycn tun theo nhng quy tc tho lp khi sa cha di y: Ch c php thp ri mt cm my hoc c cu no khi cn sa cha chnh cm my hoc c cu . iu ny cng c bit quan trng khi sa cha my c cp chnh xc cao. Ch c php tho ton b my khi sa cha ln (i tu my). Trc khi tho my phi nghin cu my thng qua bn v v thuyt minh ca my nm vng c bn v cc cm my chnh t vch ra c k hoch tin v trnh t tho my. Nu my khng c bn v s ng th nht thit phi lp c s trong qu trnh tho my. i vi cc cm my phc tp nn thnh lp s tho. Cng vic ny s trnh c nhm ln hoc lng tng khi lp tr li . Trong qu trnh tho cn pht hin v xc nh cc chi tit h hng v lp phiu sa cha trong c ghi tnh trng k thut h hng ca chi tit. Thng bt u tho t cc v, np che, tm bo v c ch m tho cc chi tit bn trong. Khi lp th ngc li, chi tit tho sau th lp vo trc. Khi tho nhiu cm my trnh nhm ln cn phi nh du tng cm my bng k hiu ring khi cn gi nguyn v tr tng quan ca chi tit.

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Mi thit b vo cm my tho ra phi tng ng vi phiu sa cha cn c vo trnh t tho d kin. tho lp cc chi tit lp cht hoc trung gian (bnh ai, ni trc, trc) cn phi dng vam, my p hoc cc dng c chuyn dng tho. Lc tho (hoc lp) bng vam hoc trn my p c tnh theo cng thc sau:
a( P= D + 0,3).i.l d D + 6,35 d

Trong : P l lc tho lp (tn) D: ng knh ngoi ca chi tit b bao (mm) d: ng knh trong ca chi tit bao (mm) i: di lp ghp (sc cng ca mi ghp) a: h s, i vi thp a=7,5 ; gang a=4,3 l: chiu di may lp ghp (mm) Khi khng th dng vam hoc cc dng c chuyn dng tho lp th cho php dng ba tay, ba t thng qua tm m bng kim loi mu hoc g. tho cho d c th nung nng trc chi tit bao bng cch du nng, phun hi nng hoc x ngn la. Nhit nung nng chi tit bao c tnh nh sau:
t= i + t1 .d

Trong : t l nhit cn t nng i: di lp ghp (mm) : h s dn n di ca vt liu, thp cacbon =11,5.10-6 ; gang =10,4.10-6 ; ng =17,5.10-6 d: ng knh chi tit bao t1: nhit mi trng

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tho lp cc chi tit nng nn dng cn trc hoc pa lng trng lm ri v, h hng v gim c sc lao ng cho cng nhn. 1.2. Hng dn tho mt s chi tit thng dng 1.2.1. Tho vt cy, bulng- ai c trnh lm tot cc mt cnh ca ai c ta dng cha vn (c l) c kch thc tng ng, khng dng c l tc anh tho bu lng ai c h mt v ngc li. Khng dng m lt tho bu lng ai c qu nh gy trn cnh. Khng dng tay cng qu di, m men qu ln m t ngt lm gy bu lng, ai c. Tho cc bu lng, ai c theo th t nht nh, tho t ngoi vo trong, tho t t, tho i xng qua tm trnh cho chi tit khi vnh, nt v, c bit l cc chi tit mng, bng gang. Ch : - Cc bu lng ai c ren tri - Cc bu lng v tr khut + Phng php tho bu lng, vt cy b gy: Nu vt cy hay bu lng b gy nhng vn cn nh ln mt chiu cao nht nh c th dng u kp tho. C hai loi u kp. a. u kp con ln: Dng tho vt cy hay bu lng nhng dng c ny lm hng phn ren v b con ln chn nt. u kp c ui 1, c vt cnh theo u ai c lp cha vn, trong thn u kp c lm rnh xon gi con ln 2 kp vo u vt cn tho. Khi quay u kp vt cy quay theo. Vnh 3 gi cho con ln khi b ri (hnh 1.1)

Hnh 1.1. u kp con ln c ui vt cnh

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b. u kp c ming chn: Dng tho cc vt cy nhng khng lm hng phn ren (hnh 2.2.)

Hnh1.2: u kp c ming chn u 1 c phay mt rnh bn nguyt trong lp ming chn hai lc l trong cht 3. L xo 4 lun lm cho ming chn t vo vt cy theo chiu ngc chiu kim ng h trn mt ming chn c kha ren chn vo ren ca vt cy. Khi quay u kp do b tr lch tm ming chn kp vo vt cy v xoay vt cy i cng. Khi vt cy hoc bulng b gy st mt phng chi tit c th tho ra bng cc phng php sau: a. Dng mi xoy rng ( hnh 1.3.a) c kt cu l mt thanh hnh cn bng thp ti c mt ct ngang hnh rng ca v chui c mt ct hnh vung lp cha vn. Mi rng c ng vo l khoan trong vt cy b gy. Sau dng cha vn quay mi xoy rng. Do ma st gia mi rng v vt cy rt ln nn khi quay cha vn vt cy b gy s c tho ra ngoi. b. Dng mi chit (hnh 1.3.b) c kt cu hnh cn vi gc nghing nh. Trn mt cn c x cc rnh tri (gc xon bng 308). Mi chit c xoy

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vo l khoan trong vt cy b gy, nh cnh sc ca mi chit nn khi xoy vt cy c tho ra khi l ren. Cng c th khoan mt l trong vt cy ri em ta r ren, c chiu ren ngc vi chiu ren ca vt cy. Dng mt bu lng c ng knh ren tng ng vn vo l ren va gia cng cho ti khi tho c vt cy ra ngoi. c. Dng ai c: ( hnh 1.3.c) c ng knh ren nh hn so vi ng knh ren ca vt cy, hn nh vi phn cn li ca vt cy. Dng cha vn c kch thc tng ng. Quay ai c ni trn cho ti khi tho c vt cy ra ngoi.

Hnh 1.3: Cc phng php tho vt d. Dng thanh thp (hnh 1.3.d) Hn nh vo phn li cn li ca vt cy b gy trc phi t 1vng m bn di thanh thp ,quay thanh thp ni trn, vt cy b gy s c tho ra ngoi. Nu khng th p dng mt s phng php trn ly vt cy ta khoan b v sau tar ren mi c ng knh ren ln hn. 1.2.2. Tho khp ni trc

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Tho khp ni trc bng cht: Dng c tho: Dng t, ba tho, lc tc dng ng tm cht, lc tc dng va phi, trnh lm tot u cht, sao cho ng knh t phi nh hn ng knh cht mt t. Sau khi ng th ly cht ra. i vi cht tr: Ta c th tc dng lc vo bt k u no ca cht. i vi cht cn: Th ta phi tc dng lc vo u nh ca cht cn, khp ni loi ny ngi ta lp 2 cht cn ngc chiu nhau. Do vy khi tho xong cht cn th nht, ta tc dng vo cht cn kia theo chiu ngc li (hnh 1.4).

Hnh 1.4: Tho khp ni trc bng cht Tho khp ni trc kiu vu: Khp ni trc kiu vu hay chnh l li hp vu. Li hp vu gm nhiu loi: Li hp rng hnh thang, hnh vung, hnh ch nht, hnh tam gic.. . Li hp vu gm hai na 1 v 2. Na1 lp cht on cui mt trc bng then c vt hoc cht nh v, na 2 lp di trt trn on cui ca trc th 2. Phng php tho: Tho cht hoc vt nh v ca na li hp mt lp vi trc, sau tho trc ra khi na li hp 1. Cn trc ca li hp 2 c th tho d dng (Hnh 1.5).

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Hnh 1.5: Li hp vu Tho Li hp ma st cn c im cu to ca ma st cn gm 2 a ma st 1v 2. a cn 1 ch ng lp c nh trn trc. a cn 2 b ng lp di trt theo chiu trc, mt lm vic ca cc a l mt cn, to ra lc ma st truyn mmen xon.(Hnh 1.6)
2 1

Hnh 1.6: Khp li hp cn ma st Phng php tho: Tho vt nh v trn a ch ng, sau tho cc trc ra khi na ch ng v b ng. i vi a cn lp c nh trn trc c th dng vam, my p tho trc ra khi a cn. Tho li hp ma st a.

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Li hp ma st a gm cc a ch ng 3, lp vo rnh ca ng 4 c lp c nh trn trc dn 1. Xen gia cc a 3 l a b dn 2. Khi gt bc 6 sang phi phn cn u bc s nng n by 8 t vo v p cht cc a 2,3 vi nhau .ai c 5 iu chnh khe h gia cc a (Hnh 1.7)

Hnh 1.7: Khp li hp ma st a Phng php tho: Tho cht gt, trc, tho ng dn s 4, tip dng t v ba tho cht ca n by 8, tho n by 8, tho a ch ng, b ng, tho ai c 5 v tho bc gt 6. 1.2.3. Tho chi tit lp cht ra khi trc tho cc chi tit lp cht ra khi trc nh Bnh rng, ni trc, ln...v.v Ta thng dng cc my p thu lc ng hoc ngang lc ng hoc ngang, khi p cc chi tit c kch thc khc nhau c th dng cc vng m, vng trnh lm sy st cc b mt chi tit v to c din tch mt t ln. Khi khng c my p thu lc c th dng cc vam tho c 2 hoc 3 mc Nu dng vam tho ln. 1.3. Ra v lm sch chi tit v cm my Cc chi tit v cm my va tho ra phi c chi sch mi vt bn, du m, nh sch g, mui than v.v...trc khi em ra. Mui than c th c nh sch bng bn chi st, dao co hoc nhng vo dung dch gm 24g xt

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n da, 35g canxi cacbonnat, 1,5g nc thu tinh, 25g x phng lng. Tt c cc cht c ho trong 1 lt nc. Cc chi tit c ngm trong b cha t 23h. Dung dch c un nng n 80900C tng hot tnh. Sau khi ly cc chi tit b ra em trng qua nc l ri nc nng. Cnh ra sch du m thun tin nht l dng du ho, xng, du ma dt. Du ha, du ma dt, xng d bc hi v gy c hi cho ngi. V vy tt nht l ra trong b chuyn ding (hnh 1.8) v c cc thit b bo h lao ng thch hp.

Hnh 1.8: B du ra chi tit my B ra c hn nh vo khung 1. Bn trong b c gi chi tit (kiu mt co) v li lc. Np b c ni bn l c gn hai vnh hnh qut 4 v lin h vi bn p 6 bng xch 5. Khi p chn vo bn p 6 np b s m ra v ta co th b chi tit vo b hoc ly ra mt cch thoI mi. Khi nhc chn khi bn p, np b t ng ng li do trong lng bn thn.

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1.4. S tm tt qu trnh sa cha my

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Chng II : Bo tr sa cha cc mi ghp c nh

2.1. Mi ghp ren 2.1.1. Cng dng, phn loi Cng dng: - Ren tam gic l loi ren thng dng nht, c kn kht cao, thng c s dng trong cc kt cu ren vt, trong bu lng, cu, cc ng thy lc, nt ren cc van trt. - Ren vung v ren thang thng c dng trong cc c cu truyn ng nh cc vt me hnh tinh, vt bn dao ca my cng c, vt nng ca my, vt me ci ca my tin ren, vt me ti, may p, vt me trong t ngui - Ren rng ca thng dng trong cc c cu chu lc ln theo mt hng nh my nn dng c kh hay thy lc, cc loi kch - Ren cung trn thng c dng trong cc mc ni toa tu, ni cc ng ng nc ln Phn loi: - Cn c theo hnh dng prfin th ren c chia lm nhiu loi: ren tam gic, ren vung, ren thang, ren rng ca, ren cung trn, ren bn nguyt, ren nh v, ren gc vung., c th hin (hnh 2.1). - Cn c theo v tr th ren c chia lm hai loi: ren ngoi v ren trong. - Cn c theo hng xon th ren c chia lm hai loi: ren phi v ren tri, nh (hnh 2.2) th hin. t ng bulng, ren t tri qua phi ln cao dn, l phi (ai c vn vo theo chiu kim ng h), ren t phi qua tri cao dn, tc l ren tri (ai c vn vo ngc chiu kim ng h). - Cn c theo s u mi th ren c chia lm hai loi: ren mt u mi v ren nhiu u mi. Ngoi ren thng dng ra ngi ta cn phn loi theo b mt v theo cng dng:

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- Cn c theo hnh dng b mt th ren c chia lm hai loi: ren tr v ren cn. - Cn c theo cng dng th ren c chia lm ba loi: ren lp sit, ren truyn ng v ren chuyn dng. - Cn c theo tiu chun th ren c chia lm hai loi: ren tiu chun v ren khng tiu chun. - Theo h thng ren th ren c chia lm ba loi: ren h mt, ren h anh v ren ng (tr), c th hin (hnh 2.3).

Hnh 2.1: Ren: a) Ren cn; b) Ren tr; c) Ren h mt; d) Ren h Anh; e) Ren ng (h anh)

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Hnh 2.2: Phng php phn bit ren tri, ren phi.

Hnh 2.3: Th hin ren theo h Anh v h mt. 2.1.2. Cc dng hng thng gp ca mi ghp Cc dng h hng thng gp nht ca mi ghp ren l: - Mn profin ren theo ng knh trung bnh - Gim din tch b mt lm vic ca ren (v mn). - Thn bulng b gin v bin dng do. - Thn bulng hoc vt cy b un hoc b t. - Cc vng ren b ct t do lc ko hoc nn dc trc tng t ngt. 2.1.3. Cc bin php sa cha cc loi h hng trn

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Ren b mn t hoc m trn bu lng hoc trc c ren. - Tin ht ren c ri ct ren mi c kch thc nh hn, lc ny phi thay th ai c mi. Nu ren c c ti cng th trc khi tin cn . - Nu khng cho php gim kch thc ren th phc hi bng cch hn p hoc m kim loi hoc gia cng c. Ren b mn t, v hay m, trong l(trong thn chi tit my). - Sa tikch thc sa cha bng cch tin, khoan hoc khot ht ren c ri lm li ren mi c kch thc ln hn lc ny phi thay bu lng hoc vt cy. - sa cha tm mi ghp ren trong trng hp phc tp ta c th lm bu lng hoc vt cy hi nhnh hn l c lp vi l ren mn. Khi c dp thun li phi sa cha chnh thc ngay. - Trong tng hp l ren c sa cha bng chi tit b sung: mun vy ta khot hoc khoan l ren c hng rng thm 5-6 mm na ri mi tin ren bc vi kch thc ren ban u. Thn bu lng b cong. Nn bng bn p kiu vt me hoc t trnh h hi ren. Khi nn phi dng m mm kp cht chi tit. Cc vt cy b cong hoc ren hng u c thay mi m khng sa cha. B cc cht bn ca cht vo rnh then. Dng bn ren, tar hoc chi tit lp ren vi n cy cht bn ren v nn li ren u bu lng ai c b v, mo chn (khng c hnh dng su cnh) cc chi tit khc b st m. Da hn p, ri gia cng c hoc ch gia cng c ri dng cha vn c ngm hp hn v vn. Cc chi tit ren b nt. Hn p hoc thay mi Ren mo v xit ai c qu ti.

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Tu theo h hng m p dng mt trong cc bin php sa cha nu hoc thay mi. Cht ren (tc ren b cht cng khng vn ra c) Ngm trong xng hoc du ho t vi gi n vi ngy ri dng cha vn ni vi cnh tay n m vn ra. Vn c ri th tu theo hnh dng ren m sa cha. 2.2. Mi ghp chm 2.2.1. Cng dng, phn loi Cng dng: Cc loi chm dng ghp cht dng trong mi ghp c nh v chm dng iu chnh khe h trong mi ghp ng, v d nh chm rnh trt bn dao my Tin. Phn loi : - Chm ghp cht - Chm iu chnh c khe h. 2.2.2. Cc dng hng thng gp ca mi ghp Nhng dng hng thng gp ca mi ghp chm l : - Chm b bin dng v ni lng. - Chm v rnh chm b mn hoc st m. - Cc chi tit ca mi ghp b nt. 2.2.3. Cc bin php sa cha cc loi h hng trn - Cc chm hng u thay th ch khng sa cha. - Nu chm b bin dng t v ni lng, c th dng tm bng cch ng chm cht li, nhng cch ny ch l tm thi khi cha c chm thay i. V hin tng ny chng t chm khng cng cn thit nu dng li chc chn s li b bin dng v ni lng ra. - Cc rnh chm b mn hoc st m c ra cng rng ra hoc lp chm mi hoc hn lin ri gia cng rnh mi c kch thc ban u.

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- Cc chi tit ca mi ghp b nt tu tnh trng s hn phc hi hoc thay mi. 2.3. Mi ghp then 2.3.1. Cng dng, phn loi Cng dng: thng dng lp cc chi tit my truyn m men xon nh: bnh rng, bnh ai, a xch... vi trc. N c dng rng ri v cu to n gin, chc chn, d tho lp, gi thnh h... Phn loi: Chia ra lm hai loi - Then lp lng: Then bng, then bn nguyt, then dn hng. - Then ghp cng: then vt, then tip tuyn,... 2.3.2. Cc dng hng thng gp ca mi ghp Mi ghp then bng truyn m men xon ch y nh 2 mt bn ca then, trong qu trnh lm vic mi ghp then bng thng phi chu ti trng t ngt (khi bt u truyn chuyn ng). Do , mi ghp thng c dng hng nh: - Rnh then trn may v trn trc b nong rng, biu hin lm mi ghp then lm vic c r. - Khi chu ti trng t ngt hoc khi b qu ti mi ghp then c th b ct t (bit con then). Hu qu l mi ghp khng truyn c chuyn ng. 2.3.3. Cc bin php sa cha cc loi h hng trn - Trng hp rnh then trn may hoc trn trc b nong rng: Sa li rnh then trn trc ti kch thc sa cha sau lm li con then mi. Ch : khi lm li con then mi cn chn ng vt liu tng thch c th m bo c cc yu cu ca mi ghp. Trong tng hp rnh then trn trc hoc trn may b nong qu rng th chng ta c th gia cng li rnh then mi, khi gia cng cn ch quay trc (may ) i mt gc 900, 1350 hoc 1800 v gia cng rnh then mi ti v tr . - Trng hp con then b ct t:

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Trong trng hp ny chng ta x l rt n gin theo cch sau: ly phn then b ct t trn trc v may ra sau gia cng li con then mi. Ch : Khi lm li con then mi cn chn ng vt liu tng thch c th m bo c ng yu cu ca mi ghp. 2.4. Mi ghp then hoa 2.4.1. Cng dng, phn loi Cng dng: thng dng lp cc chi tit my truyn m men xon, m bo mi ghp c ng tm hn v d di trt cc chi tit khc trn trc. Phn loi: - Theo iu kin lm vic ca mi ghp then hoa c th chia ra lm 2 loi : + Ghp c nh: Trong moay c c nh trn trc. + Ghp di ng: Moay c th trt dc trc. - Theo dng rng th c 3 loi : + Then hoa rng ch nht: Loi ny dng kh ph bin trong ngnh c kh ch to my. + Then hoa rng tam gic: Dng truyn mmen khng ln, thng p dng cho mi ghp c nh. + Then hoa rng thn khai: Loi ny truyn mmen xon ln, gim c ng sut tp chn then do c bin dng thn khai. - Theo cch nh tm khi ghp chia ra: + nh tm theo ng knh ngoi: Dng khi moay khng nhit luyn v m bo ng tm cao. + nh tm theo ng knh trong: Dng mi ghp cn c ng tm cao. + nh tm theo cnh bn: Khng m bo ng tm nhng lc phn b u trn rng, nn dng trong trng hp truyn mmen xon ln. 2.4.2. Cc dng hng thng gp ca mi ghp Nhng h hng ca mi ghp then hoa thng gp l: - Mn then trong trc v rnh then trong l.

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- Dp, v, st m then hoa. - Sy st hoc trc b mt lm vic ca then hoa do tc dng ca ti trng ng 2.4.3. Cc bin php sa cha cc loi h hng trn - Nu then hoa v rnh then mn t m mi ghp nh tm theo ng knh trong ca trc th cch sa cha tt nht l sa l then hoa ti kch thc sa cha v tng kch thc then hoa trn trc bng cch sn tng then mt theo chiu dc then. - Nu then hoa v rnh then mn t m mi ghp nh tm theo ng knh ngoi ca trc th sa cha nh sau : Sa cha then hoa ti kch thc sa cha V nng ng knh ng knh ngoi cc rnh then hp li ph hp vi kch thc sa cha ca chiu rng then hoa trn trc. - Nu then hoa v rnh then hoa mn nhiu nhng cha qu 20-25 % chiu rng then thi gia cng l then hoa n kch thc sa cha, hn p trc then hoa ri gia cng theo kch thc l then hoa. - Nu then hoa v rnh then hoa mn nhiu qu 20-25 % chiu rng then th ta hn p ton b rnh then ri gia cng rnh then mi. + Lu : Nhng chi tit phc tp gia cng kh khn v t tin, nu cn kh nng lm vic, ch c mt phn then hoa b hng m vic hn p nh hng n chnh xc ca chi tit v vy ta phi thay phn trc c then hoa.

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Chng III: Bo tr sa cha trc tm v trc truyn

Trong sa cha cc trc tm v trc truyn chng ta phn trc lm ba loi: trc trn, trc bc v trc then hoa. Khi nn cc trc cong, ta cn phn thnh trc cng v trc mm. Trc mm l trc c chiu di gp 5 ln ng knh tr ln. Tuy vy i vi tng trc c th trong sa cha cng c th phn loi khc vi ch to trc mi. Kt cu ca trc tm, trc truyn c bn ging nhau v u dng cc chi tit quay. Chng ch khc nhau ch: Trc truyn ngoi chu mmen xon v thng quay cng vi cc chi tit lp trn n, cn trc tm thng ng yn v ch chu mmen un thi. Nhng h hng thng gp ca hai loi trc ny l: - Mn ngng trcv mt nhn b mt cn thit. - B xon lm mt chnh xc v tr tng quan gia cc b phn ca trc (v tr gia cc rnh then vi nhau ). - B un. - B nt hoc gy. 3.1. Trc b mn ngng v mt nhn cn thit 3.1.1. Sa cha ngng trc ti kch thc sa cha nh hn kch thc ban u Phng php ny thng p dng cho cc ngng trc lm vic trong trt babit hoc nhng trt s c trng li hoc thay mi khi sa cha ng thi vi trc. - Nu ngng trc mn cha ti 0,2- 0,3 mm ch vic mi t cn, van v nhn b mt cn thit. - Nu mn ln hn th em tin. Sau mi li cho php gim ng knh trc khng qu 5%.

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3.1.2. Phc hi ngng trc ti kch thc ban u Phng php ny p dng cho ngng trc lp vi ln. - Nu ngng trc mn t ta m Crm (chiu dy lp m Crm ch ti vi trm m) ri mi. - Nu mn nhiu th m thp, phun thp, hn in h quang rung sau tin ri mi (ch phi trc khi mi). 3.1.3. Sa cha bng bc p trung gian Trng hp ngng trc b mn nhiu cn c th dng bc sa cha p vo trc c (lp ch) ri gia cng bc ny t kch thc v nhn b mt cn thit.
Trc Bc

Hnh 3.1: Phc hi trc mn bng cch p bc trung gian 3.2. Trc b bin dng xon - Ch trc truyn mi c dng sai hng ny. Trc tin phi kim tra, xc nh chnh xc sai lch v xon ca trc ri a ln g chuyn dng v xon trc theo chiu ngc li. - Khi thao tc phi tin hnh t t lc xon truyn n ton b trc, trnh khng ph hu cc c t dng xon trc (thng l rnh then). - Sau khi nn phi nung nng trc ti nhit ram thp, gi nhit ny 3 4 gi ri lm ngui chm (v d ngui trong khng kh tnh). Sau khi nhit luyn, nu trc vn khng b xon tr li th kt qu ny s c duy tr lu di.

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3.3. Trc b cong Sa cha bng cch nn hoc nung nng cc b: Nn trc (phng php c kh): c th nn trng thi ngui hoc nng. i vi trc mm hoc trc c ng knh nh hn 50mm u c nn ngui. Ch c nhng trc c ng knh ln hn 50mm v b cong nhiu mi nn nng; khi nn nng cn phi nung trc n nghit rn (150450 0C). C th nn trn cc my p vt hoc my p thu lc. My p

Hnh 3.2: Nn trc Phng php nung nng cc b: p dng cho trc c ng knh ln hn 50mm.

Hnh 3.3: Nung nng cc b

3.4. Trc b nt hoc gy Nhng trc khng quan trng nu b nt v nh th hn v, nu nt v ln hoc gy c th hn ni hai phn trc vi nhau.

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3.4.1. Hn Trn trc ch nt hoc gy to 2 mt cn i nh nhau, gc nh 900 , khoan l 5 10 lp cht ghp s b kim tra ng tm. Sau hn t t va hn va xoay trc, sau khi hn thng hoa ch hn nhit 8500C.

Hnh 3.4: Phc hi trc gy hoc nt nghim trng 3.4.2. Ni trc Nhng trc b nt, gy km theo st m nu ni nh hnh 3.4 s b ht chiu di th c th ni nh hnh 3.5, tc l thm mt on ph thm bo chiu di ban u ca trc sa cha. Sau khi hn nu trc b cong th phi nn sa, ng thi phi kh ng sut d ri gia cng t chnh xc v nhn b mt cn thit.

Hnh 3.5: Phc hi trc gy c on ni thm

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Chng IV: bo tr sa cha trc chnh

4.1. Kt cu ca trc chnh v cc dng hng thng gp 4.1.1. Kt cu ca trc chnh Trc chnh l mt trong nhng chi tit quan trng nht ca cc my ct kim loi. my tin, trc chnh lp trc tip vi cc chi tit gia cng. my phay, khoan, doa, mi, nh bng... trc chnh mang c ct v quay cng vi chng. V vy chnh xc, cng vng v n nh chuyn ng ca trc chnh c nh hng quyt nh n cht lng sn phm gia cng trn my. Trong a s cc my ct kim loi, trc chnh l chi tit gia cng rt phc tp v t tin. V vy khi sa cha my ngi ta ht sc trnh thay trc chnh m tm cch phc hi n. sa cha tt, cn nm vng nhng c im c bn ca cu to trc chnh. Hnh 4.1 nu cu to trc chnh ca c loi my tin thng dng chnh xc thng. Ngng sau v ngong trc lp trc

Hnh 4.1: Trc chnh ca cc loi my tin chnh xc thng 1.Ngng sau. 2. Thn trc; 3. NGng trc; 4. Mt nh v lp mm cp; 5. L cn; 6. Ren kp mm cp 4.1.2. Cc dng hng hc thng gp Nhng b phn c th h hng ca cc loi trc chnh l: - Ngng trc lp - L cn

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- Ren v then hoa - Ngng cn - L ng chm 4.2. Sa ngng lp trc 4.2.1. Cc dng hng hc ca ngng trc Thng ngng trc h hng v mn. 4.2.2. Phng php khc phc - Nu mn t < 0,02mm c th mi trn my tin bng kp g vi bt mi nho. - Nu mn qu 0,02mm th mivi kch thc sa cha sau khi mi phi kim tra cng xem cn c lp thm than hoc ti cng. Khng nu mimt lp cng phi nhit luyn hoc ha nhit luyn li. Khi gia cng ngng trc t ti kch thc sa cha phi thay bc lt trc. - Nu ngng trc mn ti 0,1 mm th m crm phun kim loi hoc hn h quang. Phi p c lng d gia cng v sau khi tin v mi phi t c ca chi tit. - Nu ngng trc mn nhiu th c th tin nh i ri p bc sa cha ging nh mt bin php phc hi trc tm, trc truyn. Nguyn cng cui cng trong sa cha ngng trc lp vi l nh bng nh sau: Lp trc ln cc mi tm, tc , quay ca trc khong 50-70m/pht, nh bng l mt ming gang peclit ht nh c bi bt mi nho nh bng ngng trc. Khi thao tc tay cm ming gang p nh mt c bt mi vo ngng trc v a i a li theo chiu di ngng trc khong 3-5 pht. Trong qu trnh nh bng ngng trc thnh thong li ra bt mi dnh vo ngng trc v ming gang bng xng, bi lp bt mi mi vo ming gang v tip tc cng vic. n khi b mt ngng trc bng nh gng th c.

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4.3. Sa cha l cn 4.3.1. Cc dng hng hc ca l cn L cn ca trc chnh cc my ct kim loi thng b hng v mn. Kim tra mn bng cc vt sn tip xc gia l vi calip cn. 4.3.2. Phng php khc phc Nu l mn t c th a ln my mi trn trong sa cha, khi t ngng trc ca trc chnh c l cn cn mi ln gi chuyn dng (luynet), u sau trong mm cp my mi. Sai s g t cho php l 0,005 mm. Khi mi ch m bo cn ban u. Nu cn cn mi l ca trc chnh my tin c th nguyn trc trn my dng lp, dng g mi kp trn bn giao mi l cn. Nu l cn trc chnh mn nhiu th c th phc hi bng cch p bc sa cha nh sau:

Hnh 4.2: phc hi l cn ca trc chnh bng bc b

Tin sn mt bc cn bng thp cacbon thp ( chi tit 2 trong hnh 4.2) dy 4-5mm, c kch thc ph hp p vo l cn trc chnh sau ny. m bo ng tm gia ng tm l cn sau khi sa cha vi ng tm trc chnh, cn nguyn trc chnh lp trn my (nu l sa cha trc cn trn trc chnh my tin) m tin l cn theo ng knh ngoi ca bc 2 sao chochiu di ca bc khi lp kht vo l cn tin ca trc chnh, lc cha

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p cht th u bc th ra ngoi mt u trc chnh 5mm. Thm than l bc su 0,5-8mm, ti n HRC58-60, ty sch g st v cc cht bn bm bc bi m mt ngoi bc v t n vo l cn trc chnh. Dng mt v kiu trc ht p cht bc vo l cn trc chnh. Sau khi p, mi l bc t nhn v chnh xc yu cu. 4.4. Sa cha ren v l then 4.4.1. Cc dng hng hc ca ren v l then Dng hng c bn ca ren v l then l ren b mn, l then b hoc st m. 4.4.2. Phng php khc phc i vi ren ca trc chnh b mn c sa cha bng m in, hn lp hoc hn h quang rung ri gia cng c t kch thc ban u. Nu ct ren mi vi kch thc nh i th phi thay a bt mm cp vn vo ren ny, cch ny rt t dng v kch thc phn tr nn khng tiu chun. i vi rnh then: - Nu mn t hoc st m th hn p nhng ch st m ri gia cng t kch thc ban u. Nhng rnh then b hng nng th khng sa cha m hn p ri lm rnh then mi v tr khc cch rnh c 900, 1350, 1800 theo chu vi nu kt cu cho php. - Nu hn p m s vnh th c th p mt m thp vo rnh c ri hn lin hoc bt cht bng vt. i vi then hoa: - Nu mi ghp then v then hoa mn ht m mi ghp nh tm theo ng bn trong ca trc th cch sa cha tt nht l: sa l then hoa ti kch thc sa cha v tng kch thc then hoa trn trc theo kch thc ca rnh then l sau khi sa cha nu then v rnh then ti cng th phi trc khi sa cha. - Lm tng kch thc then hoa trn trc bng cch xn tng then mt theo chiu dc dc then, xn then hoa l dng mt a bng thp lm hn

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thnh vt trn b mt dc theo then hoa (b mt then hoa theo ng knh ngoi). Sau khi xn kim loi ca then c dn sang hai bn lm tng chiu rng v ng knh trong ca then. Ta xn tng then ti khi chiu rng ca then ti khi chiu rng ca then tng ti kch thc vt qu chiu rng ca rnh l. Sau khi sa cha mt lng d gia cng (0.1 0,2) mm th sang then khc, c tip tc nh th n ht. Sau gia cng li v nhit luyn t cng ban u. - Nu rnh then v then hoa mn t i vi mi ghp nh tn theo ng knh ngoi ca trc th sa cha nh sau: Sa cha trc then hoa ti kch thc sa cha v nng ng knh ngoi ca l then hoa cc rnh then hp li ph hp vi kch thc sa cha ca chiu rng then trn trc. Sau sa li chiu rng rnh v ng knh ngoi ca l then hoa (may ). - Nu rnh then v then hoa mn nhiu th hn lp ri gia cng c theo kch thc sa cha (ban u). Ch : Nhng mi ghp ren v then trn trc chnh rt chnh xc v trc chnh l chi tit quan trng khng nn v sa cha ren, then hoa v rnh then m lm nh hng ti chnh xc ca ton trc. 4.5. Sa cha l ng chm 4.5.1. Cc dng hng hc ca l ng chm L ng chm tho dng c ct (mi khoan) trc chnh my khoan cng hay hng b mn. 4.5.2. Phng php khc phc Cng ngh sa cha nh sau

Hnh 4.3: Sa cha l ng chm

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Gia cng rng l thnh hnh ch nht trn my xc chun b p bc b sung vo. Theo kch l va gia cng v ng knh trc chnh, ch to mt bc n lng d mi v di lp ghp, vt bn gc bc khi cn vo bn gc l khi lp; ti bc n cng HRC55- 62 ri mi bn mt ngoi s lp vo l. Cui cng, nung nng trc chnh v p bc vo l ch nht va gia cng ca trc. 4.6. Sa cha ngng cn Nhiu loi trc lp ghp vi cc chi tit i tip bng ngng cn c then (thng l then bn nguyt). Hai loi trong s cc ngng cn c gii thiu trn hnh 4.4. l kt cu u trc ca trc chnh my mi, mi dng lp vi may ca chi tit i tip nh ch kp mi, bc, mm cp .v.v...

Hnh 4.4: Ngng cn trc chnh 4.6.1. Cc dng hng hc ca ngng cn Cc dng hng ca ngng cn thng l: - Mn mt cn lp ghp trn trc v trn l lm chi tit b lng chiu trc, do cng b lng hng tm. - Mn v chn dp rnh then, trc v l. - Chn dp v ct t then. - Mn v ph hu ren. 4.6.2. Phng php khc phc y ta ch nghin cu phng php khc phc dng hng mn mt cn (cn cch khc phc dng hng nh: Mn v chn dp rnh then, trc v l; Chn dp v ct t then; Mn v ph hu ren tng t nh cc phn trc).

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- Khi mi ghp b lng v b mm mt cn, c th khc phc bng cch ct bt mt u phn cn trn trc (hnh 4.5) 1 t c vo chi tit 2 trn lp.

Hnh 4.5: Sa mi ghp trn ngng cn - Khi khng cho php chi tit dch chuyn chiu trc, cn phc hi cc mt cn vi kch thc ban u tc l phi sa c l v trc: l c phc hi bng cch lp bc sa cha, chn hoc hn p gia cng c: trc c m crm hoc hn p hoc gia cng c, nu mn qua ta thay trc mi.

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Chng V: Bo tr sa cha trc 5.1. Sa cha ln 5.1.1. c im lp ghp ln c lp ghp vi b phn my theo ng knh trong- d ( lp vi trc) v kch thc ngoi ca vng ngoi-D ( lp vi v hp), dng trc v lm cho trc chuyn ng nh nhng bng cc con ln. 5.1.2. Cc dng hng, nguyn nhn v phng php khc phc Dng hng Khe h hng knh v chiu trc qu ln. Nguyn nhn Mn cc chi tit ca Bin php khc phc iu chnh cho khe h nh i. Sau khi iu chnh i vi cc bi bnh thng, cho php khe h vt qu tr s ban u 3-4 ln. Nu khe h ln qu th thay C cn en t lt ra ngoi Du t lt ra c ln mt st kim ting n V mt lm vic ca cc chi tit b nt, xc, v Hng vng cch lm vic qu ti, lp ghp cht qu ch thng thng; c vt l lt vo v lt kn khng tt Thay . Nu vt xc vnh dc theo chiu ln ca bi th c th dng li c c th thay Khng du m bi trn, nng qu Vt liu ca cc chi tit b mn nn lp b mt cc Ra, bi trn v kim tra khe h, nu khng t yu cu k thut th thay Thay mi

loi, lm vic c vnh v bi b trc

Khng du m bi trn Sa vng cch. Nu khng

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Cc b mt lm vic b han g

C hi m, nc, a xt, lt vo hoc dn m bi trn khng tt C vt l chui vo v pht lt kn b hng, thiu du m bi trn.

Lau chi ht vt han g, kim tra du m bi trn. Nu g nng th thay Lau chu, bi trn y thay pht. Nu cc vng mn nhiu th thay

b kt, quay bng tay thy nng Khe h lp rp gia vi trc v l thn my khng m bo Cc vng lt kn khng m bo lt kn

Mn ngng trc, l thn my hoc cc vng .

Sa cha ngng trc v l thn my. Nu cc chi tit mn nhiu th thay mi

D b bn, cng; cht do b lo ho, lo ca vng lt kn b gim tnh n hi hoc trc mn khng kht vi vnh trong ca vng lt kn

Ra vng lt kn bng xng, lau kh, ct bt vi vng l xo. Nu vng lt kn mn hoc cng qu th thay mi

5.2. Sa cha trt Cc dng hng ca trt v nguyn nhn: - Lp kim loi chng ma st b chy hoc b bong, b mt ca bc b co xc. Nguyn nhn: Do c trc v bc lun lun tip xc vi nhau gy ra hin tng ma st v mi mn cc chi tit do p sut du thp khng m bo lng du bi trn. - b nng, trc i khi b kt. Nguyn nhn : Khe h nh qu hoc b xc v bi trn khng tt - khng iu chnh c khe h :

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Nguyn nhn : Mt lm vic mn qu tr s cho php. - Mt lm vic b sy st ln, c vt lm, lm vic n Nguyn nhn: Do thiu du bi trn hoc du bi trn bn, c cn b. 5.2.1. Sa cha nguyn

Mn t : p dng mt s bin php : - Chn cho ng lt ngn li thng p dng cho ng lt c chiu di L<2d v lng d ca l cha qu 1% so vi ng knh ban u - Trng mt lp kim loi bng Balt sau gia cng c m bo nhn v bng cn thit. - Nu ng lt c ng knh > 100 mm th tin hnh ct ng lt lm 2 phn, da mt ct vt mp sau hn li sao cho lng d gia cng theo kch thc trn . - Nu bc c ng knh < 100 mm th khng nn ct lm 2 na m c th phun 1 lp kim loi chu ma st vo l bc sau gia cng c m bo nht. - Nu bc b mn nhiu th ta tin hnh bng cch mi li ngng trc v thay ng lt c bng ng lt mi c ng knh ph hp vi ngng trc m. 5.2.2. Sa cha ghp hai na - Trc ht ta phi iu chnh khe h gia ngng trc v bc bng cch tng hoc gim chiu dy cn m b mt lp ghp.

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- Nu b mt bc bi xc ta tin hnh co : Phng php co: Na bc di c co bng cch ngng trc c ph mt lp sn mng v r vi na bc di sau ta xoay i ri co theo vt mi tip xc. Khi co phi tun theo nguyn tc : Co ch bt mu v co ch nng, b ch nh. Ch : Phi thay i mi co. Trong qu trnh co c tip tc n khi vt mu phn b u trn b mt lm vic ca na bc v chim 70- 75 din tch b mt tip xc. - Sau khi co c mt di ta tin hnh co mt trn, tng t - Sau khi co xong c hai mt ta tin hnh bi mu v co ln cui bng cch bi mu vo c trc sau, sau lp ghp v xoay trc i vi vng, sau tho trc ra v tin hnh co - Hiu chnh sau khi co xong ta lau sch v lp vo ngng trc v bi trn mt lp du.

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Chng VI: bo tr sa cha trc vt me v b truyn vt me- ai c

6.1. Trc vt me 6.1.1. Cc dng hng thng gp Cc dng hng thng gp ca trc vt l: - Trc vt b cong. - Trc vt b mn, st m b mt lm vic. - Ngng trc vt lp vi b mn. 6.1.2. Phng php sa cha thay th - Trc vt b cong: c nn thng bng u kp, bng n by hoc bng cc phng php khc. Khi nn trc vt c chng ln 2 mi tm xc nh v tr c o ln nht, l tm c phc hi trn my tin, khi phi xn mt u ri mi sa l. - Trc vt b mn, st m b mt lm vic: Nu yu cu v chnh xc ca b truyn khng cao th ta c th hn p sau tin li ren (trc khi tin th ta phi trc vt). - Ngng trc vt lp vi b mn c sa cha bng cch m, phun kim loi. Nu mn nhiu th ta tin nh ngng trc i sau p bc. 6.2. ai c ca trc vt me 6.2.1. Cc dng hng thng gp Do iu kin lm vic ca ai c l lin tc so vi trc vt nn ai c thng chng mn b mt lm vic, nt hoc v. 6.2.2. Phng php sa cha thay th Nu ai c b hng th bin php sa cha tt nht, kinh t nht l thay mi. Bi v gi thnh sa cha c khi cn cao hn gi thnh ca ai c mi, cht lng ca ai c qua sa cha phc hi khng th bng ai c mi. 6.3. Cm trc vt me- ai c

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6.3.1. Cc dng hng thng gp c im ca b truyn trc vt- ai c: Do b mt lm vic ca trc vt v ai c khc nhau, ai c lm vic lin tc nn chng mn hn trc vt, mt khc do c im ca my thng lm vic khng ht cng sut nn bn thn trc vt mn cng khng u. T nhng nhn nh trn ta c th a ra mt s dng hng ca b truyn trc vt- ai c l: - B truyn lm vic khng n nh (lc nng, lc nh khng u). Nguyn nhn do nhiu bi bn, trc vt cong, thiu du bi trn. - Trc vt quay nhng ai c khng tnh tin. Nguyn nhn do mn ht rng ca ai c. - B truyn b r dc. Nguyn nhn do mn ai c. 6.3.2. Phng php sa cha thay th khc phc cc dng hng trn trc ht ta kim tra lng du bi trn, v sinh b truyn, kim tra b mt lm vic ca trc vt- ai c, kim tra thng ca trc vt, kim tra ng tm gia trc vt v ai c. Nu lng du bi trn khng th ta b xung thm, nu ai c b mn th ta thay mi, trc vt cong th em nn li, ch iu chnh s ng tm gia trc vt v ai c.

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Chng VII: Bo tr sa cha khp ni, phanh 7.1. Khp ni trc Khp ni l chi tit c tiu chun ho tng i cao. c dng lin kt cc trc vi nhau, lm nhim v truyn chuyn ng gia hai trc hoc ni cc trc ngn thnh mt truc di. Ngoi ra khp ni cn c tc dng ng m cc c cu, ngn nga qua ti, gim ti trng ng, b sai lch ca trc. 7.1.1. Cc kiu khp ni Khp ni c phn chia thnh 2 nhm: - Ni trc: l loi khp ni lin kt c nh hai trc vi nhau. ch c th thc hin ni, hoc tch ri hai trc khi dng my. - Ly hp: l loi khp ni c th ni hoc tch ri lin kt ngay c khi trc ang quay. Hnh 7.1 nu cc nu cc loi khp ni trc ph bin nht:

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7.1.2. Cc dng h hng, nguyn nhn v cch s l Kiu khp ni trc (1) cht (Hnh 7.1a) hoc vt hm khp ni hnh 7.1a, truyn m men xon bng hai cht cn, khp ni trc (hnh 7.1b) truyn m men xon bng then Khp ni trc (hnh 7.1c) c dng trong kt cu khng cho php dng bc nguyn. Hai na bc c kp cht vi nhau bng bu lng ai c Khp ni trc kiu bch, truyn m men xon bng then v bu lng ghp hai mt bch (Hnh 7.1d) Bu lng b t hoc un cong. L lp bu lng bch b mn hoc tot. Chn dp then v rnh then. Khp ni trc rng (hnh 7.1c) truyn m men xon bng n khp rng trong ( hai bnh rng ch ng v b ng c m un v s rng bng nhau) Rng b mi un, gy, trc. Then b chn dp, st m mn, ... Rng b un v mm qu, gy v ti cng ton b v qu ti t ngt; b trc v qu ti lin tc; b mn phanh c th b mm qua hoc thiu du bi trn. Nu V qua ti phi thay bu lng. Doa li l lp bu lng v rnh then. V bc chn dp then v rnh then V qu ti tng t nh i vi kiu khp ni trn. Ren bu lng b chn Thay hoc sa cc chi tit Cc dng hng (2) Chn vt hm. Chn dp then v rnh trc. Nt chn rnh then Nguyn nhn v cch x l (3) V qu ti hoc ti trng va p. Thay cht Thay vt Sa then v rnh then

Bc ni c c nh bng t cht cn.

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m un nh (2-3mm) c th c hn p ton b ri gia cng c hoc sa cha. Khp ni trc ch thp (Hnh 7.1g) khp ni trc gm ba a n khp vi nhau bng vu v rnh b tr cho nhau thnh hnh ch thp Khp ni cht c m cao su n hi (Hnh 7.1h). 1 v 2 c lp chth vi cc u trc, truyn m men xon bng mi ghp cht v cht (bu lng) 3; m 4 cho php n hi theo chiu xon v chiu trc. Khp ly hp vu (Hnh 7.1i) gm hai na 1 v 2 3. Na khp ly hp 2 di trt c trn trc th 3 c th l hnh ch nht hoc hnh thang cc na 1. Vu b mn 2. Then , rnh then 3. Rnh lp ngm gt b mn lm cho km nhy. 4. cc ly hp vu 1. Hn p, gia cng c 2. Sa cha then v rnh then. 3. Gia cng rnh ra v thay ngm gt hoc hn p rnh ny ri gia cng c. 4. Thay m cao su. Cc m cao su b mn hoc lo ha mn. Khi m, tt my c ting ku. Do kim khp ni trc Thay mi. C th dng m da thay cng c. Doa li l cn, thay cht. Lng ai c kp cht cht cn. Nu l cn v cht cn cha b hng (b mn hoc c. Nu h hng th sa cha li l cn v thay cht. Vu v rnh b mn. Bo hoc phay rng rnh Khi o chiu c tin ku va p thm ch b trt khp. ng thi phI thay i a gia vi kch thc vu ph hp theo rnh sa cha.

Khp ni trc gm hai na Cc l lp cht b

loi va p vi nhau b chn dp) th xit li ai

n khp vi nhau bng vu b mn v h hng.

hin ng nh ly hp. Vu tay gt iu khin

khp ly hp lm bng thp n hi m cao su

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12, 20X; vu c ti cng ti HRC56-62 Khp ly hp cn ma st (Hnh 7.1k) gm 2 a ma st cn 1 v 3. a 1 ch ng, a 3 b ng v c th di trt theo then 2 thc hin ng v nh ly hp

b mn hoc lo ha 1. Khp ly hp b try khng truyn ni m men xon, trc b ng c tc khng n nh 2. Khp ly hp b 1. Mt cn lm vic b mn xy st lm cho cc b mt tip xc khng tt. Phi gia cng li 2 mt cn trong v ngoi, nu cn co khi phi sa cha mt s kch thc cn tip xc tt. - Rnh lp ngm gt ca a n ma st 3 b mn nn khng lc p khi iu khin ly hp vo khp: sa cha ging nh sa cha rnh khp ly hp vu 2. cc mt cn b mn ti mc mt u ca bch ny chm vo mt y ca bch kia, sa cha: mi li chnh xc mt cn, ct ngn mt bch c cn ngoi. Nu n mi qua ln co th tin mt cn ngoi thnh mt tr ri lm bc p b xung vo mt tr ny, c cht hm bc. Sau gia cng mt ngoi ca bc thnh mt cn, khp

trt v c ting ku lin quan m bo 2 mt

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vi mt cn trong ca bch 1. Khp ly hp a ma st (hnh 7.1 l ) gm cc a ch ng 3 lp vo rnh ng 1, ng c lp c nh trn trc dn. Xen k ng 2 lp vo rnh ca mt ng lm lin vi bnh rng 9. Khi gt bc 7 sang nng n by 8 lm cho u n 8 t vo a 4 p cht cc a 2 v 3 vi nhau. Mun nh ly hp bc sang phi . ai c 5 ii chnh khe h gia a 2 v 3. nh v ai c 5 bng cht 6 c cm vo mt trong cc l ca a 4. Vt liu a ma st: Nu ly hp lm vic trong du th a lm bng thp tm dy 1,2-2mm. Ly hp lm vic kh, cc a c ct thp v tn 2 tm Ferodoo hai bn khp ni. 1. Cc a ma st 1. Khe h gia cc a ma nng qu khng nh st nh qu. Phi iu chnh c ly hp an ton. khe h i vi khp ly hp 2. Cc a ma st b trt khi c ti. trt khng iu chnh c lm vic trong du, khe h ny phi nm trong khong 0,2-0,3mm; i vi khp ly hp lm trong mi trng kh 0,5-1mm. qu mc d cc a cn mi. Phi iu chnh lai khe h theo cc tr s nu trn. iu chnh bng cch rt cht 6 ra khi l a 4, vn ai c 5 ri li cm cht 6 vo l nh v l 4. 3. Cc a ma st b mn. Nu mn t th mi li 2 mt a ri li thm vo 2 a mi. Nu mn nhiu phi thay a. Sau khi sa cha phi iu chnh khe h theo cc tr s nu trn. Nu cc a ma st c gn tm Ferodoo b hng th thay tm Ferodoo mi. 4. Hn p ri gia cng c

gia cc a 3 l cc a b 3. Cc a ma st b

4. n by 8 b mn 2. Khe h gia cc a ln 5. u cn nng n by ca bc s 7 b mn. 6. Rnh lp ngm ca bc 7 b mn

tri, phn cn u bc s u.

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hoc thay mi. 5. Mn t th mi t cn cn thit, mn nhiu th hn p ri gia cng c. 6. Sa cha ging nh cch sa rnh lp ngm gt ca khp ly hp vu. Khp ni trc an ton kiu Bnh thng khng l xo v cht hm truyn ni m men L xo yu qu nn thc t n khng lm vic. Khi iu

xon ti trng lm chnh qu mc th vt ca l vic. Khi iu chnh xo mc vo chi tit i tip tng lc cng lc lm ng nhim v an ton khi qu ti, khng th iu chnh tt c 7.2. Phanh trnh cho cc chi tit khi b gy, v hoc va p q mnh khi thay i tc , phi dng hoc gim tc ca cc chi tit quay. 7.2.1. Cc kiu phanh - Phanh cn ma st - Phanh a ma st - Phanh c vng n hi - Phanh m - Phanh ai 7.2.2. Cc dng h hng, nguyn nhn v cch s l lm khp ni trc tr thnh Phi thay l xo mi. cng l xo th khng cng, mt tc dng an ton.

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Kiu phanh Phanh cn ma st: Nguyn l lm vic v kt cu ging nh ly hp ma st cn.

Cc dng hng Phanh b trt khng hm c my Rnh lp ngm gt b mn

Nguyn nhn V cch s l - a cnc nh b vnh ln cc mt cn ma st khng tip xc tt. - Mt u a cn ngoi cham mt cn. - Cc mt cn b xy st. X l: - Kim tra a cn c nh iu chnh hoc co r. - Ct bt mt u a cn ngoi, cao r cc mt cn. - Mi, co cc mt cn b xy st. Tin ti kch thc sa cha hoc hn p ri gia cng c.

ca a cn di trt vo g y a cn trong v mn

Phanh a ma st: Kt cu nh gn, c s dng rng ri trong cc my Phanh c vng n hi: t c s dng v lc phn b ln cc b mt khng u v tin cy lm vic thp Phanh m:

Ging nh ly hp ma st a

Ging nh ly hp ma st a

Phanh b trt

Mn cc chi tit ca vng n hi, a vng n hi hoc mt trong ca mt bch. X l: iu chnh c cu bung vng: Nu cn th thay cc chi tit b mn

1. Phanh khng n. 1. iu chnh l xo khng ng

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C hai kiu kt cu: hai m m vo trc hoc hai m bung ra p vo vnh trng. C loi phanh mt m v loi phanh hai m. Phanh ai: Kt cu nh gn nhng to c m men phanh ln. c dng nhiu trong cc hp tc v cc c cu. Khuyt im ca phanh ny la tao ra lc ko trc v mt pha theo phng hng knh lm trc chng mn

2. Phanh khng nh ra c.

m b mn X l: iu chnh li l xo thay m phanh b mn. 2. L xo cng qu, cun dy in t khng ht ni. X l: iu chnh li l xo. Sa cha hoc thay cun dy in t

1. Phanh khng n 2. Phanh khng nh c

1. iu chnh khe h gia cc bnh ai phanh v ai phanh khng ng. Mn ai phanh. L xo yu qu. X l: iu chnh li khe h. Thng thng khe h phi u n v bng 1-2mm. - Sa cha hoc thay ai phanh. - Thay l xo phanh. 2. ai c ai phanh xit cht qu. Khe h gia ai phanh v bnh ai phanh hp qu hoc trang thi bnh thng ai phanh chm vo bnh ai phanh. C vt l mc vo khe h gia ai v bnh ai phanh. X l:iu chnh li khe h, b vt l, lau chi sch ai phanh v bnh ai phanh.

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Chng VIII: bo tr sa cha trc b truyn ai, xch

8.1. Sa cha b truyn ai B truyn ai dng truyn chuyn ng gia 2 trc kh xa nhau m bo m v bo v c khi qu ti. B truyn ai c s dng nhiu trong ngnh c kh ch to v mt s my cng nghip nh. B truyn ai gm c hai bnh ai (bnh dn v bnh b dn) v dy ai. 8.1.1. Sa cha bnh ai Cc dng hng ca bnh ai l: - Bnh ai b o nguyn nhn do sai s gia cng, hoc do trc b cong, trc b mn, cng ngh lp khng ng. - B mt lm vic ca bnh ai b mn. - Mn l may , mn mt u may , mn rnh then, v vnh bnh ai, nt v may . Phng php sa cha: - Sa cha b mt bnh ai b mn: + i vi bnh ai dt th tin hnh tin li mt ngoi bnh ai. Hnh dng hnh hc cn thit p dng i vi b truyn khng quan trng cho php thay i tc 5% so vi tc c. + Nu gi nguyn t s truyn i th phi tin c hai bnh ai m bo:
i= D1 D2

+ Nu b mt bnh ai b mn qua v vnh ai dy th tin hnh tin vnh ngoi p bc sa cha sau gia cng c. + i vi ai thang khi mn tin hnh tin su rnh. p dng i vi b truyn cho php thay i tc 5% so vi tc c. 8.1.2. Sa cha ai truyn

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ai b trng dn n trt ai. Nguyn nhn l do dy ai b dn trong qu trnh lm vic do ta phi tin hnh cng ai tng gc m ca ai. Dy ai b mn , b t th thay ai mi (chn ai c k hiu nh c). 8.2. Sa cha trc b truyn xch Khi cn truyn chuyn ng t mt trc n nhiu trc song song m b truyn bnh rng khng s dng c, b truyn ai khng chc chn th ta s dng b truyn xch. Hin nay b truyn xch c s dng nhiu trong cc ngnh ch to my. 8.2.1. Cc dng hng Cc dng hng ca b truyn xch l: - G b mt khp ni - Khp ni cng b xoay. - Bung cht xch hnh thnh t cng khp v cht b xoay. - Mn bn l, gy cht. - Xch b t. - Con ln b v. 8.2.2. Phng php sa cha - G b mt khp ni. Nguyn nhn l do thiu du bi trn v vy phng php khc phc l ra xch, dng cht bi trn hp l. - Khp ni cng b xoay. Nguyn nhn l do g st b n mn thay xch mi - Bung cht xch hnh thnh t cng khp v cht b xoay do qu ti Thay xch mi. - Mn bn l, gy cht do ma st, thiu du bi trn gy nn, lm cho s n khp thng xuyn khng chnh xc, gy tut xch Thay xch mi. - Xch b t do mn, do qu ti Ni li xch. - Con ln b v do bi bn, do va p t ngt Lm sch v bi trn hp l cho b truyn.

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Chng IX: bo tr sa cha b truyn bnh rng, bnh vt 9.1. B truyn bnh rng 9.1.1. Cc dng h hng ca b truyn bnh rng Cc dng hng ca bnh rng rt a dng trong ch yu l : - Mn mt lm vic ca rng v ma st v gia cc rng ngn khp vi nhau trong qu trnh lm vic, nht l cc bnh rng di trt. - Gy rng v qu ti t ngt hoc v chu mmen un vi chu k nh. - Chp r b mt rng v mi tip xc - v vnh rng 9.1.2. Sa cha bnh rng tr rng thng b mn Nu mn t (lng mn vt qu gii hn cho php t) th c th hn rng. i vi cc bnh rng khng quan trng mn cho php n 0,2mm vi m un t 1-3mm; n 0,3 vi m un 4mm n 0,5mm vi m un trn 4mm. Phng php hn p v b mt lm vic ca rng bng hn hi v hn in rt thch hp vi cc bnh rng m un ln, chnh xc thp (cp 2 tr ln) v dng trong cc b truyn h hoc na kn. i vi bnh rng quan trng khng nn dng phng php ny v lp hn p c sc bn tip xc thp v kh gia cng chnh x. Nhng bnh rng m un nh b mn t c th p bng hn in hn quang rung. Khi hn phc hi rng, tt nht l dng kim loi p tng t kim loi nn ( kim loi ca bnh rng). Khng nn hn p nhng bnh rng bng thp hp kim .
1_dng ng

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- Nu bnh rng lm vic mt chiu th rng ch mn mt pha, c th dng li bng cch lp o chiu bnh rng. Nu may bnh rntg c hnh dng i xng ( i xng qua mt phng vung gc vi ng tm v chia i chiu rng vnh rng) th khng phi o may ng thi vi o bnh rng. - Nu cc bnh rng b mn nhiu th c th tin ht rng ri p bc sa cha, sau gia cng rng. Lp bc c th bng keo dn, p nng hoc p ngui. Nu rng c sa cha khng qua nhit th c th p bng keo dn. Nu c nhit luyn th phi p. Dng phng php p nng l tt nht. Khi nhit lun rng nn dng phng php ti b mt bng dng in cao tn hoc bng ngn la xy axetilen. chng xoay cho bc c th dng vt hm hoc hn theo chu vi lp ghp. - Nu mt bnh rng trong b bnh rng bc b mn th nn sa cha bng cch p bc ri mi lm rng trn bc. - L bnh rng b mn c sa cha bng cch tin rng ri p bc bng vt chng xoay, sau gia cng l bc t kch thc yu cu. i vi bnh rng ti cng, trc khi tin l phi . Nu l bnh rng mn t, c th hn p ri gia cng c, nhng trc khi hn p cung phi tin l rng chiu dy lp kim loi p ln. - Rnh then trong l bnh rng b h hng c sa cha theo cc bin php nu phn sa cha then v rng then. - Mt u rng b mn : lnh mn ny thng khng mg k v khng quan trng nn khng cn x l. 9.1.3. Sa cha bnh rng nt vnh hoc moay Nu nt vnh th hn hoc tp mt ming m vo ch nt. Tm tp c hn hoc bt vt vo vnh bnh rng. Nu nt moay th hn hoc tin sn mt ngoi moay mt on ngn ri p ai thp vo ngn nga vt nt

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pht trin. Mt mt moay b mn c th c tin bt cho phng hoc hn p gia cng c. Cc bnh rng sau khi sa cha phi tho mn cc s liu trong cc bng t bng 9.1 n bng 9.3 v nhng yu cu sau y: + Cc yu cu k thut c bn ca chi tit mi. + bm tt ca lp p, ni vi kim loi nn mt rng khng c c vt xc hoc c vt gia cng c. + o mt nt ca vnh rng khng c qu 0,1- 0,2mm Bng 9.1: Tc vng gii hn v chnh xc ca bnh rng tr Dng b truyn Rng thng Tc vng gii hn Vmax, m/s ng vi cc cp chnh xc ca b truyn theo TCVN 1067-72 6 n 15 7 n 10 n 20 8 n 6 n 10 9 n 2 n 3,5 10 n 1 n 2

Rng nghing n 25

Bng 9.2: Dung sai o hng knh ca vnh bnh rng tr, m (Theo TCVN1067-71) Cp xc 6 7 8 9 10 11 M 50 20 32 50 80 120 200 (mm) 1-16 1-30 1-50 2,5-50 2,5-50 2,5-50 26 42 65 105 170 260 Dung sai ng knh vng chia, mm 50-80 80120 32 50 80 120 20 320 120200 38 58 95 180 240 380 200320 45 70 110 180 280 450 320500 50 80 120 200 320 500 500800 58 95 150 240 380 600

chnh un

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Bng 9.3: Dung sai ca sai s hng rng, khng song song v xin ca cc ng tm bnh rng tr (Theo TCVN 1067-71) Cp chnh xc 6 7 8 9 10 11 M un (mm) 1- 16 1-30 1-50 2,5-50 2,5-50 2,5-50 Dung sai, m, theo chiu rng vnh rng, mm 55 13 17 21 26 34 42 55-110 15 19 24 30 38 48 111-160 17 21 26 34 42 52 160-220 19 21 36 38 48 58 220-320 22 28 36 45 55 70

Bng 9.4: H hng trong cc b truyn bnh rng tr H hng D on nguyn nhn Vt liu bnh rng b mn v lm vic lu vi ti Trc b mt lm vic ca rng ca rng b qu ti khng du bi trn hoc khng nht Xc b mt lm vic ca rng Rng mn nhanh qu, chng mt hnh dng ca prfin rng Gy rng Rng b qu ti hoc c vt l lt vo nu cch sa cha trn nu cn th thay th C bn, bi, ht mi hoc mt st lt vo b truyn Lau chi sch v bi trn hp l Rng b lm vic trong iu kin ma st kh Bi trn b truyn ng cc ch quy nh Thay bnh rng, kim tra thi thay du. nu thiu du th b xung trng ln. B mt lm vic nht ca du nu cn Cch s l

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Gim khong cch trc B truyn lm vic n qu km theo va Khong cch trc ln qu p (nu c th), iu chnh b truyn Nu cn m bo khong cch trc v t s truyn th thay th bnh rng mi Gim chiu dy rng hoc B truyn b kt v nng qu Khe h cnh rng qu b thm ch bng 0 thay rng mi (nu cn gi khong cch trc) tng khong cch trc

9.2. B truyn trc vt- bnh vt B truyn trc vt bnh vt c s rng rng ri trong cc my ct kim loi v nhng c cu chia . Trc vt thng lm lin vi trc nhng trc vt ln c th ch to ri vi trc. 9.2.1. Cc dng h hng ca b truyn trc vt Mn rng trc vt v bnh vt; sy st mt rng; trc r hoc st m rng bnh vt; mn l bnh vt; mn ngng trc bnh vt; nt cc chi tit ca b truyn, rng bnh vt khng u..v.v. 9.2.2. Sa cha b truyn trc vt Bng 9.5: H hng thng gp ca b truyn trc vt bnh vt H hng D on nguyn nhn Cch khc phc khong cch

Cc ng tm ca trc iu chnh v sa lp Truyn ng nng hoc vt v bnh vt khng Tng kt tc h cnh rng nh qu vt khng quay vung gc vi nhau. khe trc ( nu c th) Gia cng nh bt trc vt

Trc vt quay v bnh Tt c cc b phn u Thay hoc sa cha mn qu lm cho rng nh nu trn

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trc vt v bnh vt Thay bnh vt khng vi ti nhau t rng bnh vt v qu ti Khe h chiu trc ca bnh vt hoc trc vt Mn trc qu ln trc vt ln qu trong b truyn bnh vt v trc vt du bi trn ng tm trc vt iu chnh bnh vt theo chiu trc t tr s cho php trong bng 5-21 khng nm trong mt Rng bnh vt ch mn phng trung bnh ca mt u( mn khng bnh vt ( Khi th bng u) sn thy vt sn rng bnh vt b lch v mt pha iu chnh khe h trc nu cn th thay vt du bi trn

Hnh trnh t do ca Mn cc chi tit rng Thay trc vt v bnh Xut hin cc mt ng Khng c hoc khng Lau sch ri y

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Chng X: Bo tr sa cha trc khuu, thanh truyn

10.1. Trc khuu L chi tit trung gian ni gia ngun chuyn ng trc khuu. N lm nhim v truyn lc tc dng t ngun chuyn ng xung lm quay trc khuu v lm bin i chuyn ng tnh tin thnh chuyn ng quay hoc chuyn ng quay thnh chuyn ng tch tin. 10.1.1. Kim tra s b + Dng mt quan st, pht hin cc vt co xc chy r rn nt + Kim tra van: - Dng panme trong kim tra mn ca cn, van ca tng c mi c o 3 v tr cch m khuu 3-8mm. van xc nh bng hiu s 2 ng knh vung gc o c trn cng mt tit din (mt ct ngang) trc - cn xc nh bng hiu 2 ng knh trong cng mt mt phng dc ng tm trc 2 v tr o - cn, van cho php khng qu 0,05mm Nu ln hn th phi mi li theo ct sa cha. + Kim tra cn xon : - Lp trc khuu ln 2 gi ( hoc lp ln 2 mi chng tm )dng ng h so cong ca trc ti v tr ca trc gia. - Lp trc khuu ln gi ( hoc lp trn 2 mi chng tm )o chiu cao ca 2 c bin cng phng hiu s ca 2 tr s o c l xon ca trc. 10.1.2. Nguyn nhn gy h hng Cc c trc v c bin b mn v khng u gy nn cn v van cc c trc - Do trc chu ti trng nng lun thay i c v phng chiu v tr s - Do cht lng du bi trn km, c nhiu tp cht bn trong du bi trn

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- C trc, c bin b mn lm tng khe h lp ghp gy va p trong qu trnh lm vic. - B mt c trc b co xc dn nt, chy d do thiu du bi trn, du bn - i khi trc b cong xon do ph ti thay i ch t ngt s dng v sa cha khng m bo yu cu k thut do tho lp khng ng k thut. 10.1.3. Cc phng php khc phc, sa cha - Nu cn v van nh hn 0,05 mm v c vt xc nh th dng giy nhm mn bi du dng dy qun vo trc nh bng li - Nu cn v van ln hn th ta phi mi li kch thc sa cha. Mi ct sa cha nh i 0,25 mm - Nu trc b cong, xon th phi nn li trn my p thu lc 10.2. Thanh truyn Thanh truyn l chi tit lm vic trong iu kin chu p lc phc tp lun thay i c v phng chiu v tr s

Hnh 10.1: Thanh truyn

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10.2.1. S h hng ca thanh truyn - Thanh truyn b cong : N lm cho pitstong hoc con trt i lch v mt pha do n lm gim i tnh kn kht gia pitston hoc lm gim i ma sat trut, do khng th trnh khi ma st m xi lanh, pitston hay mt con trt s mn mt cch nhanh chng. - Thanh truyn b xon : Lm cho ng tm ca l u ca thanh truyn v u nh ca thanh truyn khng cng nm trn cng b mt ca mt mt phng,pitston xoay lch i trong xy lanh, bc u to, bc u nh trong thanh truyn mn nhanh, thanh truyn b mn rng ch u to, l u nh do bc b xoay lm khe h lp ghp mn nhanh gy va p b kt khi lm vic - i khi thanh truyn b gy. Bulng cu b nhn gy cho pitston b b kt trong xi lanh - Thanh truyn b t gy nh hng n chi tt khc 10.2.2. Kim tra thanh truyn - Quan st xem bulng cu c b mn khng? -Kim tra cc l phun du xem xt c b tc khng?

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Chng XI: Bo tr sa cha bng my, bn dao, bn my, bng trt

11.1. Bng my Bng my l b mt quan trng khi lm vic ca cc my ct kim loi,c nh hng n chnh xc ca cc chi tit ra cng. Bng my li l b mt lm vic ca thn my nn vic sa cha n phi ht sc thn trng v t m 11.1.1. Cc iu kin k thut m bo khi sa cha bng my - Bng my phi thng v phng cc b mt ca bng my phi song song vi nhau . - Sau khi sa cha ln cui cc bng my lm vic theo ma st trt, cc vt sn tip sc khi kim tra bng thc thng, mt phng v mt trt ca chi tit i tip phi bng hoc ln hn cc tr s cho trong bng ( 11.1) v phi phn b u. Bng 11.1: S im sn tip xc t nht cn c ca cc bng my ma st trt khi kim tra bng thc thng hoc mt phng mu. B mt ivi my chnh xc cao ivi my chnh xc thng Mt trt bn my Mt trt bn dao v con trt vn co), ba via... - cng phi ng u trn ton b b mt. - Bng my di n 1.5 m khng c qu 3 ch hn p. Bng my di trn 1,5m khng c qu 6 ch hn p. S im sn tip xc/ 25x25 20 16 10 10

- Trn b mt bng my khng c c vt xc, r, lm, vt gia cng c ( tr

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- m bo vung gc gia cc b mt bng my nm ngang v b mt bng my thng ng ( cc my mi trn...) - Ch chuyn tip t mt khng gia cng n mt gia cng hoc gia cc mt gia cng vi nhau phi vt hoc ln trn. 11.1.2. Cc phng php sa cha bng my Tu theo chiu dy lp kim loi c ly i nguyn cng gia cng ch yu, ngi ta phn bit 3 phng php sa cha bng my ch yu: Phng php co, phng php mi v phng php bo hoc phay. a. Phng php co Chn phng php sa cha bng my Bng 11.2: Chn phng php sa cha bng my mn, mm 0,2 0,3 0,3-0,5 0,5 Phng php sa cha (Co ) hoc (co + mi nghin) (mi) hoc ( da+ co) (bo tinh hoc da)+(co hoc mi nghin) Bo th ri bo tinh, sau mi bo hoc co.

Khi co, phi co ch t mn nht, lng d co khng c qu tr s cho trong bng 11.3. Trong qu trnh co phi kim tra phng ca mt c co bng s vt sn in vo dng thc hay mt phng mu kim tra. Mi ln kim tra, phi chi sch vt sn c b mt bng my, chi sch thc kim bng khn c thm xng ri lau bng khn lau kh, sau pht sn ln bng my. Lp sn tht u v mng, co cng tinh, lp sn kim tra phi cng mng mun vy ta dng mt thc kim khc gt u ln bng my. Lng d cho co, mm (Bng 11.3): Bng 11.3: Lng d cho co, mm Chiu rng mt phng 100 - 500 Chiu di mt phng c co, mm 500- 1000 1000-2000 2000-4000 4000-6000

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c co, mm 100 100-500 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.12 0.12 0.15 0.15 0.20

Khi co, ngoi thng v phng cn kim tra song song ca cc b mt bng my (bng ng h so v g) v cong vnh ca ton b bng (bng nivo v cu kim tra c bc ngang qua bng my). Phng php co m bo cht lng b mt mt cao nhng tn sc, nng sut thp v t tin, v vy nn thay bng mi tnh hoc kt hp co vi mi nghin bng bt mi; i khi c th dng bo vi dao bo rng bn t nng sut rt cao. b) Phng php mi: Nguyn cng mi c th tin hnh trn my mi chuyn dng hoc trn my bo ging, my phay ging vi g mi. Dng mi hnh bt tr (hoc bt cn) ng knh 100 175mm, tc ct 30 40m/s. Cn c th dng mt g mi rt gn nh t trc tip ln bng my cn sa cha v dch chuyn bng truyn ng xch. Bng 11.4: Cc dng co v cng dng. Chiu rng mi cao Chiu di ng S vt tip xc t c trong mi vung 25 Cng dng

Dng co

cao, mm x 25mm Co ch c vt sn tip 10 4-6 xc to qu, chun b b mt co bn tinh Gia cng ln cui cc

Th

20-25

Bn tinh

12-16

5-10

8-15

bng my, mt trt ca bn my bn co.

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Tinh Tinh

5-10 -

3-5 -

20-25 -

Gia cng tinh dng c kim tra D trang tr, to vn ho

Phng php mi m bo chnh xc cao v nng sut cao, v vy n c s dng rng ri cc nc tin tin sa cha bng my. Ngi ta thng kt hp mi bng my v co mt trc ca cc chi tit i tip (nh ng, bn dao dc my tin, mt trt bn my bo,vv) c) Phng php bo: Phng php ny rt thch hp sa cha nhng bng my b mn nhiu. My c sa cha phi bt cht trn my bo ging v iu chnh cn thn bng ng h so. Khi kp cht ng sit bulng qu mc v c th lm cho bng my b bin dng n hi, khng t c chnh xc sau khi gia cng. Thot tin bo th, sau dng ng h so kim tra thng v iu chnh bng chm. Bo tinh bng dao bo rng bn c gn mnh hp kim BK6 hoc BK8, chiu rng li ct ca dao ti 40mm. Mt trc v sau ca dao c gia cng tinh bng mi nghin. Khi bo g nghing li ct i 15 -300 so vi ng vung gc ca phng tin dao gim lc ct, tng nhn gia cng. Lng d bo tinh nn ly l 0,3 0,6 mm v gia cng lm 4-7 bc: Hai bc u vi chiu su ct 0.08 0.12mm; ba, bn bc sau vi chiu su ct 0.05mm; bo tinh l nguyn cng cui cng ca cng vic sa cha. Sau khi bo tinh bng my c th t nhn b mt 7, 8, sai s v phng v vnh khng qu 0.02mm trn chiu di 1000mm. Nu khng c dao bo rng bn, c th bo th ri co hoc mi. Ngoi ba phng php c bn trn, cc phng php kt hp nhiu hnh thc gia cng (co, mi, bo , mi nghin) cng c dng rng ri nhm mc ch pht huy u im ca tng hnh thc gia cng c cc giai on sa cha bng my (th, bn tinh, tinh) t nng sut cao, nhn b mt v chnh xc hp yu cu k thut. 11.1.3. Sa cha bng my tin

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Hnh 11.1. Mt ct ngang bng my tin thng dng Sa cha bng my tin. Hnh 11.1: Gii thiu kt cu thng gp nht ca mt ct ngang. Bng my tin thng dng, trnh t sa cha bng my ny bng phng php co nh sau: - t thn my ln gi hoc bn phng hoc nn cng trn cc chm. iu chnh thng bng g t. Dng niv khung kim tra thng ng ca mt cnh u lp trc. Sai lch cho php khng qu, 0.04-0.05mm trn chiu di 1000mm. Dng ni v t dc theo mt 6 kim tra thng bng theo phng nm ngang, sai lch khng qu 0,02mm trn chiu di 1000mmm. Dng thc thng t dc theo mt 6 kim tra cong vnh g t hoc t thc thng dc theo mt 11 cng c. - Co mt 6 (cc mt 3, 4 l mt trt ca sau) t chnh xc v thng v phng. khng thng khng vt qu 0,02mm trn 1000mm. Kim tra phng bng vt sn tip xc. Phi dt 10 vt sn trn mi din tch 25 x 25mm. C th dng mt 11 v mt 12 lm chun kim tra mt 6. Mt 11 v 12 dng nh v khi lp thanh rng khp vi bnh rng trong hp xe dao. Hai mt ny khng b mn nn khi sa cha khng gia cng chng. - Co hai mt 3 v 4. Kim tra thng bng thc mu. khng thng khng vt qu 0,02mm trn 1000mmm. Nh vy nu dng thc mu di mt mt t dc theo cc mt 3 v 4 th khng ch no c khe h c th la cn l dy 0.02mm tr ln. Thc mu c dch chuyn trn sut chiu di

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b mt cn kim tra. Kim tra thng bng ca mt 3 v 4 kt hp vi mt 6 bng cch t niv khung trn sau (mt tip xc vi bng my ca sau c co sa chnh xc) ri dch chuyn sau trn sut chiu di bng my. Sai s v thng bng hoc xon v ca ba mt 3, 4, 6 cho php ti 0,02mm trn chiu di 1000mm. - Co cc mt trt dnh cho bn dao. Trc tin co mt 7. thng c kim tra bng thc thng, sai s cho php ti 0,02mm trn 1000mm. song song ca mt 7 vi cc mt 3, 4, 6 c kim tra ng h so t trn sau (Hnh 11.2).

Hnh 11.2: Kim tra song song ca cc mt 1, 2, 7, 8, 10 vi nhau v vi cc mt 3, 4, 6 (S ch cc mt hnh 11.1) - khng song song cho ph khng qu 0,02mm trn 1000mm. - Co mt 8. Yu cu k thut v cch kim tra ging mt 7. - Co mt 2. Yu cu k thut v cch kim tra ging mt 7. - Kim tra tng th ba mt 2, 7, 8 bng cch t bn trt dc ca bn dao ln ba mt ny. t niv ln bn trt dc v kim tra thng bng theo hai phng vung gc trong mt phng ngang ca cm mt 2, 7, 8. Dch chuyn bn trt dc theo chiu di bng my. cong vnh v mt thng bng cho php khng vt qu 0,02mm trn 1000mm.

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t gi ng h so ln bn trt dc ln bn trt dc v dng ng h so kim tra song song ca cc mt 2, 7, 8 vi hai mt 11 v 12. khng song song cho php l 0,1mm trn sut chiu di bng my. - Co hai mt 1 v 10. thng c kim tra bng thc mu. song song ca mt 1 v 10 vi cc mt 2, 4, 8 c kim tra bng ng h so gn trn bn trt dc ca bn dao. khng song song gia mt 1 v 10 vi cc mt 2, 7, 8 cho php ti 0,03mm trn ton b chiu di bng my. Cng c th dng panme kim tra song song gia mt 1 v 2 bng cch o tr s khong cch ca hai mt ny ti mt s v tr cch u nhau trn sut chiu di bng my. - Cc mt 5 v 9 khng phi sa cha. Trn y ta thy r rng dng cc mt 3, 4, 6 (cc mt trt dc dnh cho sau) lm chun trong qu trnh sa cha vi bng my tin va xt thuc nhm I, cc mt 3, 4, 6 b mn rt t. Cng c th hai mt 11 v 12 lm chun trong sut qu trnh sa cha nhng hi kh s dng cc trong khi sa cha. Cu vn nng phc tp, kh kim, nn hai mt 11 v 12 t c dng sa cha dng c kim tra. Nu dng hai mt ny lm chun, phi dng cu kim tra vn nng 11.2. Bn dao my tin 11.2.1. Bn trt dc Bn trt dc ni cng vi hp xe dao v mang ton b xe dao cng bn dao chuyn ng tnh tin dc bng my. Phc hi bn trt dc phc tp nht v tn nhiu thi gian nht so vi sa cha cc chi tit khc ca bn giao. Khi sa cha bn trt dc cn phi phc hi. - song song gia cc mt 1,2,3,4 vi nhau ( hnh 11.3) v song song ca chng vi ng tm 5 ca vtme chy giao ngang.

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Hnh 11.3: Bn trt dc ca bn dao may tin 1K62 - song song theo phng ngang (a-a, a1 a ) v phng dc (b-b, b1 - b1) ca cc mt 1 v 3 vi mtj lp ghp ca bn trt dc vi hp xe dao ( tc l vi mt 6) - vung gc gia cc mt 1,2,3,4 vi cc mt 7 v 8( hai mt trt trn sng trt bng my) - vung gc gia cc mt 6 vi mt lp hp chy dao trn thn my. - ng tm gia cc l lp trn trc vt me, trc trn trc xe dao vi l lp trn trc ny trn trc chy dao. Khi sa cha bn trt dc, phi m bo cc bnh rng hp xe dao n khp tt vi thanh rng chy dao dc v bnh rng v xch chy dao ngang, ng thi phi m bo cc chui kch thc c lp ghp lin quan ca my. Khng ln bt u sa cha cc mt 7, 8, v 9 v sau khi sa cha cc b mt khc s tn nhiu cng sc v thi gian. Hp l nht l bt u t cc mt 1, 2, 3, 4. 11.2.2. Bn trt ngang Bn trt ngang lp trn bn trt dc thc hin chuyn ng chy giao ngang. Yu cu k thut ch yu ca bn trt ngang l thng ca cc mt 1, 2, 3, 4 (Hnh 11.4) v song song gia mt 1 v 2. Khi sa cha bn trt ngang tin nht l s dng phng php mi. K thut gia cng v kim

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tra k thut ccc mt trc v sau khi gia cng nu t m phn sa cha bn trt dc.

Hnh 11.4: Bn trt ngang ca bn dao my tin

11.2.3. Bn trt quay - Co mt 1 (Hnh 11.5) v kim tra tip xc bng vt sn gia mt ny v b mt i tip vi n ca bn trt ngang sa cha tt. S vt sn tip xc phi t t 8-10 im trn din tch 25x25mm.

Hnh 11.5: Bn trt gia dao (bn quay) lp trn g sa cha - nh v bn quay ln g 6 bng mt va co (mt 1) lp c cm ln bn my mi, iu chnh song song ca mt 3 v 4 vi hng chuyn ng ca bn my, sai lch cho php khng vt qu 0,02mm.

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- Mi ln lt cc mt 2,6,3,4 bng mt u mi bng bt cn, ht 3646, cng CM1- CM2, nhn b mt gia cng 7. Trong khi mi khng c chi tit nng ln v nh vy s gy sai s gia cng do gin n nhit. - Kim tra song song gia mt 2 v 5 vi mt 1 bng pan me. o khong cch gia mt 1 vi mt 2 v 5 ti 4, 5 ch. khng song song khng vt qu 0,02mm trn ton b chiu di mt 3 ,4. Kim tra gc nghing 550 ca cc mt 2 vi 3 v 4 vi 5 bng dng. Nu sai s qu ln phi co sa li cc mt 2,3,4,5

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Ti liu tham kho 1. Phm p, Nguyn Hoa ng My cng c 1, Nh xut bn gio dc, H Ni 1985. 2. Trn Vn ch, Nguyn Trng Bnh, Nguyn Th t, Nguyn Vit Tip, Trn Xun Vit Cng ngh ch to my, Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut, H Ni 2003. 3. T Xun Gip S tay th sa cha c kh, Nh xut bn i hc v gio dc chuyn nghip, H Ni 1991. 4. Nguyn Ngc Cnh, Nguyn Trng Hi Cng ngh sa cha my cng c, Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut, H Ni 1982. 5. Trn Hu Qu V k thut c kh-tp 1, Nh xut bn gio dc, Tp.HCM 2006. 6. Trn Hu Qu, ng Vn C, Nguyn Vn Tun V k thut c kh-tp 2, Nh xut bn gio dc, H Ni 2005. 7. Ninh c Tn, Nguyn Th Xun By Gio trnh dung sai lp ghp v k thut o lng Nh xut bn gio dc, Tp.HCM 2004. 8. Hong Tng Gio trnh vt liu v cng ngh c kh, Nh xut bn gio dc, Tp.HCM 2004.

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