Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

LI NI U
Cng vi s pht trin mnh m ca cc gii php cng ngh h tng mng v nhu cu ngy cng cao v bng thng cho cc dch v,cng ngh quang c trin khai v ang pht trin mnh ti Vit Nam v th gii. Cng ngh truyn dn quang lm tng hiu nng tc truyn v cht lng truyn tin, chi ph thp ... cho php mng li tho mn tt hn cc nhu cu ca khch hng trong tng lai. Do vy, d ang chim u th vi s lng thu bao ln, nhng xDSL - h thng truy cp tc cao qua ng dy in thoi (cp ng) ang l r nhng hn ch v mt bng thng, n nh cng nh kh nng cung cp dch v. gi vng v tng th phn, mi nh cung cp dch v vin thng phi a ra c thm nhiu li ch cho khch hng thng qua cc dch v mi trn mng hay cc gi dch v hp dn. Trin khai h tng truyn dn cp quang, thay th dn h thng truyn dn cp ng mi l cha kha gip cho cc nh khai thc dch v vin thng tng doanh thu, m bo v tr cnh tranh trn th trng. Trong bi cnh Vit Nam v cc nc ang trin khai rng ri cng ngh truy nhp quang v cng ngh truy nhp quang s l xu hng pht trin chnh ca tng lai. Xut pht t mong mun tm hiu v cng ngh truy nhp quang em thc hin bi bo co thc tp ny Mng truy nhp quang FTTx v cc gii php trin khai Ni dung ca bi bo co gm 3 chng : Chng 1 : NHU CU PHT TRIN CNG NGH TRUY NHP MNG BNG RNG Chng 2 : GII THIU CHUNG V MNG TRUY NHP QUANG FTTX Chng 3 : CC CNG NGH TRIN KHAI FTTx Trong qu trnh thc hin bi bo co khng trnh khi thiu st , em rt mong c nhng gp qu bu ca thy c bi bo co c hon thin hn. thc hin bi bo co ny , em xin chn thnh cm n gio vin hng dn ThS.Bi Th Cm T gip em trong thi gian qua. H Ni ,Ngy 25 thng 06 nm 2013 Gio vin hng dn Sinh vin thc hin

Bi Th Cm T SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B

Vn Khng
1

Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

LI NI U ................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. MC LC THUT NG VIT TT DANH MC HNH V CHNG 1: NHU CU PHT TRIN CNG NGH TRUY NHP MNG BNG RNG ................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.1. Cc nhu cu v bng thng truy nhp: .................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.2. Xu th duy tr li th cnh tranh ca cc ISP:......... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.3. FTTx xu hng tt yu trong tng lai .................................................................11 1.4. Kt lun chng 1..................................................................................................12 CHNG 2 : GII THIU CHUNG V MNG TRUY NHP QUANG FTTX ........................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.1 Gii thiu chung v mng truy nhp quang FTTx ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2 Phn loi trong FTTx ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3 So snh gia ADSL v FTTx...................................................................................18 2.3.1 Bng so snh tnh u vit gia cp ng v cp quang.....................................18 2.3.2 Bng so snh cc dch v truy cp internet gia ADSL v FTTx....................20 2.4 Kt lun chng 2.........................................................................................................22 CHNG 3 :CC CNG NGH TRIN KHAI FTTx ............ Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.1 La chn cng ngh trin khi FTTx ...................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.1.1 Cc yu t nh hng n vic la chn cng ngh ........ Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.1.2 Cng ngh c trin khai hin nay .................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2 Cng ngh quang tch cc AON v Cng ngh quang th ng PON.....................24 3.2.1. Cng ngh AON:.................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.2. PON v Cng ngh xPON: .................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2. 2.1. Khi nim xPON ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

a, nh ngha mng Quang th ng - xPON l g? ............. Error! Bookmark not defined. b, Ti sao li s dng PON: .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.2.2. M hnh hot ng ca mng xPON ............ Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.3. Cc thnh phn thit b ca mng xPON .......... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.3.1. Cc thnh phn tch cc ............................. Error! Bookmark not defined. OLT (Optical Line Terminal Kt cui ng quang): ........ Error! Bookmark not defined. ONT (Optical Network Terminal Kt cui mng quang) : . Error! Bookmark not defined. ONU (Optical Network Unit -Thit b kt cui mng quang) .... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.3.2. Cc phn t th ng: ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Splitter: .................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. T phn phi quang (FDH): .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. im truy nhp mng (NAP): ................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. Si cp quang: ......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.4. Cc c ch hot ng xPON: ............................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.4.1. C ch truyn nhn lu lng trong mng xPON: ... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.4.2.C ch truyn lu lng hng ln: ........... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.5. Cc chun mng PON ....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.5.1. B-PON ........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.5.2. E-PON v Gbit/s PON ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.5.3. G-PON ........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.5.4. WDM-PON ................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.5.5. CDMA-PON ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Kt lun: .................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.3 Cc m hnh trin khai FTTx trn nn cng ngh xPON ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

3.3.1. Kin trc im n im vi b tch/ghp t tng i: Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.3.2. B tch/ghp t tp trung t phn phi cp: ............ Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.3.3. B tch/ghp t phn tn hp u cp:..... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.4 Kt lun chng 3.................................................................................................43 DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO

THUT NG VIT TT
ISP FTTx FTTH FTTB FTTC FTTO AON PON OLT ONU ODN CO APON BPON GPON Internet Service Provider Fiber to the x Fiber to the home Fiber to the building Fiber to the curb Fiber to the office Active optical network Passive optical network Optical line terminal Optical network unit Optical distribution net work Centre Office ATM-PON Broadband PON Gigabit PON

WDM-PON Wavelength division multiplexing-PON

SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B

Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

DANH MC HNH V V BNG BIU Hnh 1 : Cu hnh tham chiu mng truy nhp quang.......................................................14 Hnh 2 : Cu trc mng truy nhp FTTB...........................................................................16 Hnh 3 : Cu trc mng truy nhp FTTH...........................................................................17 Hnh 4 : Cu trc mng truy nhp FTTC...........................................................................18 Hnh 5: M hnh mng truy nhp quang FTTX trn nn AON.........................................24 Hnh 6 : M hnh mng quang th ng c bn................................................................25 Hnh 7 :M hnh trin khai PON ti khch hng...............................................................27 Hnh 8 :Cu trc v chc nng hot ng OLT.................................................................28 Hnh 9 :Mt thit b OLT...................................................................................................29 Hnh 10 :Mt thit b ONT................................................................................................29 Hnh 11 :Cu trc v v tr np t ONU...........................................................................30 Hnh 12 : Mt thit b ONU...............................................................................................30 SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

Hnh 13 :Splitter v v tr trong FDH.................................................................................30 Hnh 14 : Cu trc v v tr np t FDH..........................................................................31 Hnh 15: S u ni cp vo splitter trong FDH..........................................................31 Hnh 16 :S u ni chi tit vo splitter trong FDH.....................................................32 Hnh 17 : im truy nhp mng NAP...............................................................................32 Hnh 18 : Cu trc si quang.............................................................................................33 Hnh 19 :C ch truyn lu lng hng xung...............................................................34 Hnh 20 : C ch truyn lu lng hng ln...................................................................35 Hnh 21 : Kin trc vt l kt ni im n im..............................................................40 Hnh 22 : Kin trc logic kt ni im n im...............................................................41 Hnh 23 : Kin trc vt l b tch ghp t tp trung........................................................41 Hnh 24 : Kin trc logic b tch ghp t tp trung.........................................................42 Hnh 25 : Kin trc vt l b tch ghp t phn tn........................................................42 Hnh 26 : Kin trc logic b tch ghp t phn tn.........................................................43 Bng so snh tnh u vit gia cp ng v cp quang....................................................18 Bng so snh cc dch v truy cp internet gia ADSL v FTTx....................................20

SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B

Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

CHNG 1: NHU CU PHT TRIN CNG NGH TRUY NHP MNG BNG RNG Xu hng hi t ca vin thng v cng ngh thng tin c nhiu nh hng n mng vin thng, i hi mng vin thng phi c cu trc m, linh hot, cung cp nhiu loi dch v khc nhau cho ngi s dng, hiu qu khai thc cao, d pht trin... Trong qu trnh pht trin, cc ng lc thc y s tin b ca k thut vin thng l : - Cng ngh in t vi xu hng pht trin hng ti s tch hp ngy cng cao ca cc vi mch. - S pht trin ca k thut s. - S kt hp gia truyn thng v tin hc, cc phn mm hot ng ngy cng hiu qu. - Cng ngh truyn dn quang lm tng kh nng tc v cht lng truyn tin, chi ph thp ... cho php mng li tho mn tt hn cc nhu cu ca khch hng tr ong tng lai. Do vy, d ang chim u th vi s lng thu bao ln, nhng xDSL - h thng truy cp tc cao qua ng dy in thoi (cp ng) ang l r nhng hn ch v mt bng thng, n nh cng nh kh nng cung cp dch v. Cnh tranh gia cc nh cung cp dch v vin thng tr nn mnh m, khc lit hn bao gi ht. gi vng v tng th phn, mi nh cung cp dch v vin thng phi a ra c thm nhiu li ch cho khch hng thng qua cc dch v mi trn mng hay cc gi dch v hp dn. Trin khai h tng truyn dn cp quang, thay th dn h thng truyn dn cp ng mi l cha kha gip cho cc nh khai thc dch v vin thng tng doanh thu, m bo v tr cnh tranh trn th trng. Di y s phn tch mt s nhu cu lin quan n xu th pht trin mng truy nhp bng rng: SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

1.1. Cc nhu cu v bng thng truy nhp: Bn cnh dch v truy nhp Internet tc cao, khch hng ngy nay i hi rt nhiu cc dch v gi tr gia tng tin ch khc nh : IPTV/Triple Play a dch v (y t, gio dc, ) P2P (peer2peer) Truyn hnh nt cao (HDTV, SDTV) Kt ni ti Node B ca mng 3G

Mi dch v u i hi tc bng thng nht nh mi m bo cht lng dch v: Bng thng (Up/down) IP Telephony (VoIP) Broadband Internet Video phone Video Conference VPN Online Games SDTV HDTV 0.2/0.2 Mbps 5/10 Mbps 1/1 Mbps 4/4 Mbps 5/10 Mbps 0.5/1 Mbps 0.4/4 Mbps 0.5/12 Mbps

Dch v

Do , khch hng c th s dng tt c cc dch v th vic tng thm bng thng truy cp l mt tt yu. Bng di y nu r nhu cu v bng rng v dch v tng ng vi mt s i tng khch hng : + Doanh nghip, ngn hng, vn phng i din : STT 1 2 DCH V in thoi IP Kt ni Internet tc cao BNG THNG UP 10*0.2 Mbps 10 Mbps BNG THNG DOWN 10*0.2 Mbps 20 Mbps

SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B

Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

3 4 5 6 in thoi hnh nh Hi ngh truyn hnh Dch v P2P HDTV 5 Mbps 4 Mbps 5 Mbps 0,5 Mbps 26.5 Mbps FE 5 Mbps 4 Mbps 10 Mbps 12 Mbps 53 Mbps

TNG CNG Kiu kt ni c th p ng

+ H gia nh c doanh thu cao v cc i l vin thng: STT 1 2 3 4 5 DCH V in thoi IP Kt ni Internet tc cao in thoi hnh nh Game online HDTV BNG THNG UP 0.2 Mbps 5 Mbps 1 Mbps 0.5 Mbps 0.5 Mbps 7.2 Mbps FE, VDSL2 BNG THNG DOWN 0.2 Mbps 10 Mbps 1 Mbps 1 Mbps 12 Mbps 24.2 Mbps

TNG CNG Kiu kt ni c th p ng

+ Cc ca hng, doanh nghip nh: STT 1 2 3 DCH V in thoi IP Kt ni Internet tc cao in thoi hnh nh BNG THNG UP 3*0.2 Mbps 5 Mbps 1 Mbps 6.6 Mbps BNG THNG DOWN 3*0.2 Mbps 10 Mbps 1 Mbps 11.6 Mbps

TNG CNG Kiu kt ni c th p ng

VDSL2, ADSL2+ vi khong cch gn

+ H gia nh c doanh thu trung bnh: SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

STT 1 2 3 4 DCH V in thoi IP Kt ni Internet Game online SDTV BNG THNG UP 0.2 Mbps 1 Mbps 0.5 Mbps 0.4 Mbps 2.1 Mbps BNG THNG DOWN 0.2 Mbps 5 Mbps 1 Mbps 4 Mbps 10.2 Mbps

TNG CNG Kiu kt ni c th p ng

ADSL2+ vi khong cch gn

So snh cc nhu cu trn vi bng phn tch tc cc cng ngh hin ti, ta c th thy xu hng sp ti s l s pht trin ca cng ngh FE v GPON:

Loi thu bao

Bng thng/ KC 500m

Bng thng/ KC 1000m

Bng thng/ KC 1500m

Bng thng/ KC 2000m

Bng thng/ KC 2500m

Bng thng/ KC 3000m N/A

Bng thng (KC ti a)

VDSL2 Down: 80 Down: 50 Down: M M 20M Up: 30 M Up: 10 M Up: 3M

Down: 16 N/A M Up: 1 M

ADSL2 Down: 24 Down: 22 Down: 18 Down: 16 Down:10 + M M M M M Up: 1 M Up: 1 M FE Up: 1 M Up: 1 M Up: 1 M

Down:6 M Down:1,5 Up: <1 M M Up:0,6 M (5000m)

Down: 100 Down: 100 Down: 100 Down: 100 Down: 100 Down: 100 Down: M M M M M M 100 M Up: 100 M Up: 100 M Up: 100 M Up: 100 M Up: 100 M Up: 100 M Up: M 100

(70km) GPON (*) Down: 2500M/n Down: 2500M/n Down: 2500M/n Down: 2500M/n Down: 2500M/n Down: 2500M/n Down: 2500M/n

Up:1250M Up:1250M Up:1250M Up:1250M Up:1250M Up:1250M Up:1250 SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

/n /n /n /n /n /n M/n (20km)

1.2. Xu th duy tr li th cnh tranh ca cc ISP: - Th trng vin thng, vi mc cnh tranh ngy cng tr nn mnh m i hi cc nh cung cp dch v phi lun ng dng cc cng ngh truy nhp mi nhm gi v pht trin th phn : Tnh n nay, trn th trng Vit Nam c : 06 nh cung cp mng di ngVinaphone, Mobifone, Viettel, EVN, Vietnammobile, Gtel 06 nh cung cp mng c nh: VNPT, FPT, Viettel, EVN, SPT, VTC Ngoi ra, cn c rt nhiu cc nh mng nh v cc nh cung cp truyn hnh cp cng ang m rng sang dch v bng rng - Xu hng pht trin ch yu ca th trng hin nay l : Cc mng di ng ang ln t cc mng c nh bng tnh tin dng v cht lng ngy cng cao. Cc nh cung cp mi c iu kin trin khai ngay cc cng ngh truy nhp quang, c tc v tnh n nh cao hn nhiu so vi cc cng ngh truy nhp c. Cc nh cung cp truyn thng ang cnh tranh mnh trong phn on khch hng ln bng cc bin php nng cp tc , gim gi. Do , gi vng v tng thm th phn, cc nh cung cp dch v vin thng truyn thng phi tp trung vo khai thc th mnh ca mnh l kh nng cung cp bng thng rng ln v n nh, m gii php cn bn l ng dng cc cng ngh mng truy nhp mi trn nn cp quang. 1.3. FTTx xu hng tt yu trong tng lai: -FTTH v ang c trin khai mnh m cc nc pht trin trn th gii.Hin Nht Bn, Trung Quc v M l cc quc gia i u trong lnh vc bng thng rng s dung cng ngh cp quang ny.

SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

-Vi tnh nng u vit, FTTH c kh nng s thay th dn ADSL trong tng lai gn mt khi bng thng ADSL khng sc cung cp ng thi cc dch v trc tuyn trong cng mt thi im. - n cui nm 2012, ring chu c 54 triu kt ni FTTH, tip theo l chu u/ khu vc Trung ng/ chu Phi vi 16 triu, ri n Bc M v Nam M vi 15 triu. Hin nay, qu trnh chuyn i sang FTTH ang c thc hin nhiu nc, gm an Mch, Php, Hng Kng, Nht Ban, Hn Quc, Thuy in, i Loan v M - Ngi dng Vit Nam bit n FTTx k t khi FPT Telecom bt u th nghim cng ngh vo thng 12/2006, sau ln lt n VNPT, Viettel.Trong 4 dng FTTx, th FTTH l hon chnh nht v cng ngh, tiu chun quc t v ti u tin ch cho ngi dng. vi cng ngh FTTH- GPON hon chnh, c tc ln ti 2,5Gbps (gp khong 200 ln ADSL), h tr a dch v nh data, thoi, hnh nh... p ng nhu cu nng cao hiu qu cc ng dng CNTT trong hot ng sn xut, kinh doanh ca khch hng doanh nghip v c ngi dng h gia nh. Hin nay, gi cc cc ng truyn FTTx thng thng c th di 1 triu ng/thng, nhng internet cp quang chun (tc FTTH - GPON) th ln 1,5 n 30 triu ng/thng (ty theo tc ). Tuy nhin tng lai gn, v ngay c thi im hin ti, yu t gi c khng phi l vn qu ln bi cc nh mng ang tranh trua quyt lit v cng ngh, cng nh tm mi cch h gi thnh xung thp hn, nhm khuyn khch ngi dng ADSL chuyn qua. Ngoi ra, khi cc dch v ni dung ngn bng thng nh: HD TV (truyn hnh nt cao), IPTV (truyn hnh tng tc), VoD (xem phim theo yu cu), Video Conferrence (hi ngh truyn hnh), IP Camera... ngy cng thnh hnh, i hi tc ng truyn cao, th ch FTTH mi c th p ng. Trong xu th pht trin ca cc dch v truyn hnh, ni dung s bng n trn ton th gii, FTTH thay th ng truyn ADSL cng s l tt yu, nh cch ADSL thay dch v Internet dial up chm chp trc y. 1.4. Kt lun chng 1 Vi s pht trin khng ngng ca t nc i km vi l s pht trin khng ngng ca c s h tng ca cc ngnh kinh t v cc lnh vc khoa hc x hi khc,i km vi s pht trin yu cu cc mng vin thng cng phi thay i pht trin thm nhiu dch v mi p ng kp vi nhu cu ca x hi . Cng ngh truyn dn quang FTTx ang c cc nh mng pht trin v trin khai c xem nh l xu hng pht

SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

trin trong tng lai v n p ng nhng yu cu ngy cng cao v truyn dn v cht lng dch v cng nh pht trin thm nhiu dch v vin thng mi.

CHNG 2 : GII THIU CHUNG V MNG TRUY NHP QUANG FTTX

2.1 Gii thiu chung v mng truy nhp quang FTTx
2.1.1 : Gii thiu chung Cng ngh truy nhp quang l cng ngh truy nhp s dng mi trng truyn dn cp quang. Ta c th phn loi cng ngh truy nhp quang thnh hai loi l cng ngh nhp quang ch ng (AON) v cng ngh quang th ng (PON) hoc phn loi theo v tr ca cp quang tham gia trong mng truy nhp thnh cc mng truy nhp qua ng FTTx khc nhau. Mng truy nhp cp quang (OAN: Optical Access Network) l mng truy nhp ch yu s dng cp quang lm phng tin truyn dn u im Dung lng ln. - Kch thc v trng lng cp nh. - Khng b nhiu in. - Tnh bo mt cao. - Gi thnh cp quang r. - Cht lng truyn dn tt. Nhc im:
-

Vn bin i in quang: Yu cu lp t c bit i hi phi c k nng tt trong cng tc lp t v bo dng

FTTx l vit tt ca cm t " fiber to the x" bao gm FTTH (fiber to the Home), FTTB (fiber to the buiding), FTTN (fiber to the node), FTTC (fiber to the cabinet).

SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

Ni theo ngha en FTTx l vic dn ng truyn cp quang ti mt im, im c th l h gia nh (home), ta nh (building) im (node), t (cabinet), thc cht FTTx l h thng cung cp Internet qua ng truyn cp quang ti cc im ni trn

Hnh 1: Cu hnh tham chiu mng truy nhp quang Cu hnh tham chiu ca mng truy nhp quang bao gm 4 module c bn:
-

u cui ng quang (OLT) Mng phi dy quang (ODN) Khi mng quang (ONU) Module chc nng quang phi hp

im tham chiu gm c: im tham chiu pht quang S, im tham chiu thu quang R, im tham chiu gia cc nt dch v V, im tham chiu u cui thu bao T v im tham chiu a gia cc ONU. Giao din bao gm: Giao din qun l mng Q3 v giao din gia thu bao vi mng UNI. V vy c th hiu mng truy nhp quang l mng s dng chung cc giao din vi cc mng khc nhau nhng h thng truyn dn truy nhp cp quang m nhim mt lot ng lin kt truy nhp v gm cc ONT, ODN, ONU v AF. u ni truyn dn gia OLT v ONU c th theo phng thc im- a im, cng c th theo phng thc im- im. V hnh thc truyn dn, c th p dng ghp knh theo thi gian (TDM), ghp knh theo bc sngCn phng thc truy nhp, nhn chung da trn a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian. Khi chc nng OLT SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

Khi u cui ng quang (OLT- Optical Line Terminal) cung cp giao din quang gia mng vi ODN, ng thi cng cung cp t nht mt giao din in vi pha mng dch v. OLT c th chia thnh dch v chuyn mch v dch v khng chuyn mch. OLT cng qun l bo hiu v thng tin gim st iu khin n t ONU, t cung cp chc nng bo dng cho ONU. OLT c th lp t tng i ni ht hoc mt v tr xa. Khi chc nng ONU Khi mng quang (ONU-Optical Network Unit) gia ODN vi thu bao. Pha mng ca ONU c giao din quan, cn pha thu bao l giao din in. Do cn c chc nng chuyn i quang-in. ng thi c th thc hin chc nng x l v qun l bo dng tn hiu in. ONU c th t pha khch hng (FTTH/FTTB) hoc ngoi tri (FTTB). ONU bao gm cc b phn trung tm, b phn dch v v b phn chung. Cc chc nng ca b phn chung tm:
-

Chc nng giao din ODN: Cung cp 1 giao din quang vt l, ni vi ODN, ng thi hon thnh vic bin i quang -in v in-quang

Chc nng ghp knh thu bao dch v: T hp v phn gii cc thng tin n t thu bao khc nhau hoc a ti cc thu bao khc nhau. Cc chc nng b phn dch v:
-

B phn ny cung cp giao din dch v khch hng, c th cung cp cho mt hoc mt nhm khch hng. N cng cung cp chc nng chuyn i bo hiu theo giao din vt l. Cp in v OAM. Tnh cht, chc nng b phn chung ging nh trong OLT

Cc chc nng ca b phn khch hng:

-

Khi chc nng ODN Khi phn phi quang (ODN-Opticcal Distribution Network) t gia ONU v OLT.Chc nng ca n l phn phi cng sut tn hiu quang. ODN ch yu l linh kin quang khng ngun v si quang to thnh mng phn phi ng quang th ng. Khi chc nng t thch nghi

SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

Khi chc nng t thch nghi (AF-Adaptation Function) ch yu cung cp cc chc nng phi hp ONU vi thit b thu bao. Khi thc hin c th n c th nm trong ONU, cng c th hon ton c lp 2.2 Phn loi trong FTTx FTTx bao gm cc nhm nh: (FTTN, FTTC, FTTB, FTTH ...) FTTB v FTTO (Fiber to the Building v Fiber to the Office):

Hinh 2: Cu trc mng truy nhp FTTB Dch v mng quang n ta nh bao gm hai trng hp: dnh cho khu vc chung c MDU (multi-dwelling units) v dnh cho khu vc doanh nghip. Mi trng hp ny li bao gm cc tiu ch dch v nh sau: FTTB cho MDU : Bao gm cc dng dch v nh sau: - Dch v bng rng khng i xng (dch v broadcast s, video theo yu cu, download file ...)
-

Dch v bng rng i xng (broadcast ni dung, email, trao i file, o to t xa, khm bnh t xa, chi game trc tuyn...)
16

SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B

Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

-

Dch v in thoi truyn thng v ISDN: mng truy nhp phi h tr mt cch linh hot cung cp cc dch v in thoi bng hp..

FTTB cho doanh nghip : Bao gm cc dng dch v nh sau: - Dch v bng rng i xng (broadcast ni dung, phn mm nhm, email , trao i file...) - Dch v in thoi truyn thng v ISDN: mng truy nhp phi h tr mt cch linh hot cung cp cc dch v in thoi bng hp. - ng thu knh ring: mng truy nhp phi h tr mt cch linh hot cung cp dch v thu knh ring vi cc mc tc khc nhau.

FTTH (Fiber to the home ).

Hinh 3: Cu trc mng truy nhp FTTH Bao gm cc dng dch v nh sau:
-

Dch v bng rng i xng (broadcast ni dung, phn mm nhm, email , trao i file...)
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SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B

Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

-

Dch v bng rng i xng (broadcast ni dung, email, trao i file, o to t xa, khm bnh t xa, chi game trc tuyn...)

FTTC v FTTCab (Fiber to the Curb ).

Hnh 4: Cu trc mng truy nhp FTTC. Bao gm cc dng dch v nh sau:
-

Dch v bng rng khng i xng (dch v broadcast s, video theo yu cu, download file..) Dch v bng rng i xng (broadcast ni dung, email, trao i file, o to t xa, khm bnh t xa, chi game trc tuyn...) Dch v in thoi truyn thng v ISDN: mng truy nhp phi h tr mt cch linh hot cung cp cc dch v in thoi bng hp. Cc dch v mng trc xDSL.

2.3 So snh gia ADSL v FTTx 2.3.1. Bng so snh tnh u vit ca cp quang so vi cp ng, ni chung cho tt c cc mng: Yu t so snh ADSL FTTx SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

Cu trc Dy Mng - Cp quang l mt loi cp lm bng thy tinh.Cp quang di, mng thnh phn ca thy tinh trong sut bng ng knh ca mt si tc. Chng c sp xp trong b c gi l cp quang v c s dng truyn tn hiu trong khong cch rt xa.

Mi trng truyn Cp ng, tn hiu in Cp Quang, tnh hiu nh sng tn hiu Tc truyn dn Khng cn bng (Bt Cho php cn bng (i xng, Download = i xng, Download > Upload). Cng ngh cho php ti a l 10 Upload). Ti a 20 Gbps. Mbps, gi ca Gv ch 4 Mbps

Tc cam kt ra thng khng c cam >= 512Kbps Quc t kt Bo mt Thp, do l cp ng tn hiu in nn c th b nh cp tn hiu trn ng dy. Mt khc -, d nh hng n my ch v h thng d liu. Cao - Cp c ch to l li thu tinh, tn hiu truyn l nh sng nn hu nh khng th b nh cp tn hiu trn ng dy. Khng dn st nn c th m bo an ton cho d liu cao.

Chiu di cp n nh

Ti a 2,5 Km t s C th ln ti 10Km n nh cn thit B nh hng nhiu ca mi trng, in tsuy gim theo thi gian.Tn hiu suy gim trong qu trnh truyn dn nn ch t c 80% tc cam kt. Cao - (khng b nh hng ca thi tit, in t, xung in, st...). Khng b suy hao tn hiu trong qu trnh truyn dn nn c th t n tc ti a.

an ton in

C th chy do tn hiu Khng chy - V khng c in xuyn qua in, mt khc li c Cp quang, v vy khng c nguy c ha
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SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B

Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

th truyn dn st hn xy ra.

Kh nng ng dng cc dch v i hi download v upload u cao nh: Hosting server ring, VPN, Video Conferrence

Khng ph hp v tc thp v chiu upload khng th vt qu 01 Mbps. Modem khng h tr Wireless.

Rt ph hp v tc rt cao v c th ty bin tc c download v upload. Modem h tr Wireless. c bit hiu qu vi cc dch v: Hosting Server ring, VPN (mng ring o), Truyn d liu, Game Online, IPTV (truyn hnh tng tc), VoD (xem phim theo yu cu), Video Conferrence (hi ngh truyn hnh), IP Camera

2.3.2 Bng so snh cc dch v truy cp internet gia ADSL v FTTx TT Yu t so snh ADSL S dng cp ng, tn hiu truyn l tn hiu in, nn b nh hng nhiu bi cc yu t nh: nhiu xuyn m, nhiu in t, in tr, khong cch, bn knh dy dndn n suy hao v thiu n nh FTTx

Phng tin truyn dn

S dng cp quang, tn hiu truyn l tn hiu nh sng, nn khng b nh hng bi cc yu t tc ng lin quan ti dng in nhng c nguy c b tn x, suy hao

Phng tin truyn dn

Thit b n gin hn, d cu hnh. Gi thnh u cui v chi ph duy tr r

H thng thit b phc tp, kh cu hnh hn. Gi thnh thit b cao v chi ph duy tu bo tr, sa cha cao hn

SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

KC ln n hng chc Km ty thuc h thng h tng thit b tryuyn dn

Khong cch 3

KC ti a 5Km, n nh ch khong 2,5Km tr li, ty thuc tng tc

n nh 4

Khng n nh

Tng i n nh, c cam kt mc c th m bo

Bo mt 5

Kh nng bo mt thp, do c kh nng b nh cp tn hiu hoc b truy nhp t xa

Kh nng bo mt cao hn v kh nng b nh cp tn hiu gn nh khng c Tuy khng dng chung in thoi c nh PSTN nhng ng truyn c th p ng hu ht cc loi dch v trn nn internet nh: HDTV, VoD, Video Conference, Game online, Web server, Mail server Ph hp vi cc khch hng l t chc, doanh nghip, cc c th, h gia nh kinh doanh cc dch v truy nhp internetc nhu cu v tc , n nh ng truyn cao, trong khi chi ph va phi.

Khch hng c th dng chung ng in thoi, FAX, Kh nng ng cc ph truy nhp thp, tuy dng cc dch v nhin kh nng p ng cc gia tng dch v trn nn internet hn ch

Ph hp vi hu ht cc i tng khch hng, c bit l khch hng c nhn, gia nh, i tng khch t chc, doanh nghip va v hng nh, khng c nhu cu qu cao v cht lng ng truyn hoc hn ch chi ph khi thu ng truyn.

SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

Chi ph thu bao 8

Chi ph thp

Chi ph trung bnh

Duy tu bo tr, x l s c

L dch v trng tm nn rt Mng li thng xuyn c c quan tm ch trong vic duy tu. duy tu, bo tr h thng. Mng li mi xy dng nn ng b, t li.

2.4 Kt lun chng 2 Chng 2 gii thiu mt cch tng qut nht v mng truy nhp quang, v cu hnh tham chiu cng nh cch phn loi cc mng quang da trn cc phng thc trin khai v cc loi hnh dch v cung cp trn tng loi mng quang. Ngoi ra trong chng ny cn so snh nh gi nhng u nhc im gia phng thc truyn dn ADSL v FTTx

SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

CHNG 3 :CC CNG NGH TRIN KHAI FTTx Cc cng ngh truy nhp quang c ng dng trong mng FTTx, ty theo c tnh ca thit b gia trm trung tm v ti nh khch hng, FTTx c th phn thnh hai h thng chnh: H thng pht trin trn nn cng ngh AON cng ngh quang tch cc (Active Optical Network). in hnh ca h thng ny l mng Metronet ang pht trin ti cc VNPT tnh thnh H thng pht trin trn nn cng ngh PON cng ngh quang th ng (passive optical network). M hnh s pht trin ti VNPT l xPON 3.1 La chn cng ngh trin khi FTTx 3.1.1 Cc yu t nh hng n vic la chn cng ngh
-

La chn s dng cng ngh theo tng CES Mt thp (<200 u cui quang) s dng AON Mt ln hn hoc bng 200 u cui quang u tin s dng GPON La chn cng ngh GPON nhng vn trin khai AON khi + + + Giai on u cha u t c GPON Cc tuyn c khong cch > 14km C nhiu khch hng c nhu cu bng thng >50M

Kh nng lp t: mt s im khng th iu kin lp sw phi trin khai GPON Trin khai FTTx AON p ng nhu cu pht trin thu bao quang n cui nm 2009. Sau nm 2009 mng FTTx GPON s hon thnh vic trin khai v bt u cung cp kt ni quang cho khch hng c nhu cu.

3.1.2 Cng ngh c trin khai hin nay

-

Nh vy sau nm 2009, trn mng s gm 2 h thng thit b cung cp kt ni truy nhp quang cho thu bao, v mng s c qui hoch nh sau: SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

Trin khai FTTx GPON ti nhng ni c nhu cu v mt thu bao cao. Trin khai FTTx AON ti nhng ni c nhu cu nhng mt thu bao thp. Do mng FTTx AON v mng FTTx GPON trin khai nhng thi im khc nhau v vy c th xy ra nhng trng hp sau y: Ti nhng vng m mng truy nhp quang FTTx AON v FTTx GPON khng trng nhau v ti khch hng vn c nhu cu s dng dch v FTTx th gi nguyn cung cp dch v. Ti nhng vng m mng truy nhp quang FTTx AON v FTTx GPON trng nhau th ln phng n c th v tng bc chuyn kt ni ca thu bao t FTTx AON sang FTTx GPON. Sau iu chuyn cc thit b mng FTTx AON ti nhng ni m khch hng c yu cu s dng FTTx nhng mng FTTx GPON cha trin khai v mt thu bao thp. 3.2 Cng ngh quang tch cc AON v Cng ngh quang th ng PON 3.2.1. Cng ngh AON: - Khi nim AON: phn phi v x l tn hiu, ti cc nt mng AON s dng cc thit b chuyn mch c s dng ngun in nh Ethernet Switch, multiplexer. Tn hiu c chuyn mch point to point v c hn ch xung nh b nh m ca cc thit b chuyn mch - M hnh mng truy nhp quang FTTx trn nn AON

SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

Hnh 5 :M hnh mng truy nhp quang FTTX trn nn AON - u nhc im ca cng ngh AON : u im: o Khong cch phc v c th p ng ti a l 50km. o Trin khai nhanh. o p ng c hu ht cc im c nhu cu Nhc im: o Tn cp v kt ni im - im cho tng khch hng (P2P). o Phi xy dng tng i, trm tp trung. o Phi xy dng h thng ngun in cho cc thit b chuyn mch. o Cc thit b chuyn mch phi chuyn i tn hiu quang thnh in phn tch ri chuyn i nn hn ch tc truyn dn Cng ngh AON p dng trong trng hp: Ni c mt thu bao thp. 3.2.2. PON v Cng ngh xPON: 3.2. 2.1. Khi nim xPON a, nh ngha mng Quang th ng - xPON l g? PON l vit tt ca Passive Optical Network ngha l mng quang th ng. Trong mng quang th ng khng c bt k thit b ch ng (thit b cn cung cp ngun nui) gia trm cui v pha khch hng m ch c nhng thit b th ng (thit b

SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

khng cn ngun nui) iu khin cc tn hiu t trm cui n khch hng v ngc li.

Hnh 6 :M hnh mng quang th ng c bn b, Ti sao li s dng PON: Ngy nay, cng ngy cng c nhiu nhng ng dng trn mng cung cp cc dch v phc v nhu cu lm vic, hc tp, gii tr ca con ngi. C nhiu dch v yu cu ng truyn mng phi c bng thng rt ln truyn ti thng tin nh: Truyn hnh nt cao, Video theo yu cu, hi ngh truyn hnh, in thoi Internet p ng c nhu cu ca cc dch v mng ny, cc nh cung cp dch v cn ci tin h thng mng truy nhp ca h tng bng thng, ci tin tin cy dch v ca cc kt ni t nh cung cp n khch hng. Gii php kt ni quang trc tip n khch hng t ra l gii php ti u cho vic cung cp bng thng rng trn mng truy nhp v p ng c cc yu cu trn. C hai gii php kt ni trc tip quang n khch hng c s dng rng ri l gii php mng quang tch cc v mng quang th ng. Gii php quang tch cc s cung cp dch v kt ni im im n khch hng nh s dng cc thit b ch ng (thit b cn ngun nui) thc hin vic chuyn mch, nh tuyn, chuyn i tn hiu n pha khch hng v ngc li. Gii php quang tch cc c mt s nhc im nh tn cp quang, n nh km, kh m rng bn knh t tng i nh cung cp n khch hng. ci tin cc nhc im trn, ngi ta chuyn sang s dng h thng quang th ng (PON). V n c mt s u im sau so vi vic s dng mng quang tch cc nh sau: SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

Do s dng splitter tch tn hiu, mng quang th ng khng cung cp kt ni si quang vt l im - im t tng i n khch hng m s s dng chung mt si cp t tng i ko n vng gn khch hng, ri t y dng splitter tch tn hiu quang ko n khch hng. iu ny lm gim s lng si quang phi ko i rt nhiu. Hn na, vic thay th cc thit b ch ng bng cc thit b th ng s tit kim chi ph cho nh cung cp dch v v khng phi cung cp ngun v qun l cc thnh phn ch ng trong mng truy nhp. Thm na, v cc thit b th ng khng cn ngun nui v yu cu x l tn hiu nn n cng t hng hc hay c t li hn rt nhiu so vi cc thit b ch ng. iu ny lm gim chi ph vn hnh v bo dng cho cc nh cung cp dch v. 3.2.2.2. M hnh hot ng ca mng xPON

Hnh 7 :M hnh trin khai PON n khch hng Hnh trn m t mt m hnh hot ng ca mng PON in hnh trong mng cp quang kt ni thit b chuyn mch trong tng i vi mt s thu bao dch v. Cc mng vin thng c th giao tip vi PON bao gm chuyn mch PSTN, IP Router, VoD Server, Switch, chuyn mch ATM - T tng i, mt si quang c chy n b chia cng sut quang gn khu dn c. Khu ny c th l: Ta nh ln, ta nh vn phng, cng vin hoc trng i hcSplitter t y c nhim v chia cng sut quang ra lm N phn tch bit a vo N u ra n thu bao. Nu P l cng sut quang n b Splitter th cng sut quang n mi thu bao s l P/N. SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

- T u ra ca b chia, cc si cp n mode khc nhau s c chy n nh thu bao. Bn knh c th cung cp t trm trung tm n thu bao l 20 km. Trong mng ny, thit b tch cc (c ngun in nui) ch nm trm trung tm v nh thu bao. Trn ng i ch c cc thit b th ng. Cc thnh phn tch cc bao gm 1 OLT t Trm trung tm v 1 ONT hoc ONU t cui mng. Nh trong hnh v, 1 ONT c s dng khi si quang c ko n tn trong nh thu bao. Cn ONU c s dng khi si quang kt thc u ngoi nh thu bao (trong t cp hoc gn 1 cm nh ca, cng ty). Kt ni t ONU n thu bao c th s dng i cp ng in thoi hay cp ng trc Trong mng PON, tt c cc dch v c hng ln v hng xung u c truyn trn cng mt si quang. cc u cui phn bit c cc dch v ny, ngi ta phi s dng cng ngh a truy nhp phn chia theo bc sng (WDMA). i vi truyn dn hng xung, PON s dng bc sng 1490 nm truyn thoi v d liu, 1550nm truyn tn hiu video. i vi hng ln, s dng bc sng 1310nm cho thoi v d liu 3.2.3. Cc thnh phn thit b ca mng xPON 3.2.3.1. Cc thnh phn tch cc OLT (Optical Line Terminal Kt cui ng quang):

Hinh 8 :Cu trc v chc nng hot ng OLT OLT l vit tt ca Optical Line Terminal (Kt cui ng quang). OLT thng c t tng i v iu khin lung thng tin 2 hng qua mng phn phi quang. Mt OLT c th h tr khong cch truyn dn xa n 20km. i vi lung thng tin hng n pha thu bao, OLT c chc nng nhn tn hiu thoi, d liu, video t bn ngoi v truyn broadcast (qung b) vo tt c cc module ONT trn mng phn phi quang. Trong hng ngc li t pha khch hng ln mng OLT s nhn rt nhiu loi d liu v truyn ra mng tng ng. SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

Hnh trn th hin mt cu trc ca TDM-PON OLT. Lp vt l nh ngha cc b truyn nhn quang. Lp MAC lp lch quyn s dng lp vt l trnh vic ng khi nhiu ONT cng truyn trn mt si quang chung. Trong h thng PON, lp MAC OLT phc v nh l Master cn lp MAC ONU ng vai tr nh client. OLT iu khin thi gian bt u v kt thc m mt ONU c quyn truyn d liu ln mng. Nh trn hnh v, 1 OLT c th cha rt nhiu lp MAC v lp tng thch vt l n c th kt ni n nhiu h thng PON. Ta c th thc hin u ni cho trong OLT chuyn mch gia nhiu h thng PON, ONUs v mng trc. Lp tng thch vt l trong OLT s thc hin bin dch giao thc trong mng PON sang giao thc dng mng backbone v ngc li. Giao tip gia OLT v mng backbone c gi l giao tip mng dch v (SNI)

Hnh 9 :Mt thit b OLT ONT (Optical Network Terminal Kt cui mng quang) : ONT l vit tt ca Optical Network Terminal (Kt cui mng quang). Nh hnh trn, mt ONT c t trc tip u khch hng. Nhim v ca n giao tip vi mng PON hng ln v giao tip in vi thit b ca khch hng hng xung. Ty thuc vo nhu cu s dng ca thu bao, ONT c th h tr rt nhiu dch v vin thng gm: Ethernet, E1, T1, DS3, E3, ATM Trn th trng c rt nhiu loi ONT p ng cc nhu cu s dng khc nhau ca khch hng. Kch c ca ONT c th l ci hp nh n gin n nhng thit b to, phc tp phi bt vo t Rack. Cc thit b ONT phc tp cn c th tp trung v vn chuyn rt nhiu loi thng tin khc nhau t pha khch hng v gi n vo mt si quang hng ln trong mng PON. Cng vi OLT, ONT cho php cp pht bng thng ng cung cp dch v cho khch hng mt cch mm do, linh hot.

SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

Hnh 10 :Mt thit b ONT ONU (Optical Network Unit -Thit b kt cui mng quang) ONU l vit tt ca Optical Network Unit (Thit b kt cui mng quang) c chc nng ging ONT, nhng ONT c t hn trong nh ca khch hng cn ONU c t ngoi nh khch hng hay ti mt im trung tm cung cp dch v cho cc khch hng khc nhau. u vo ca ONU l quang cn u ra ni vi khch hng thng l giao din khc l cp xon hoc cp ng trc. Ta c th nhn m hnh di hiu v ONU:

Hnh 11: Cu trc v v tr lp t ONU Mt ONU kt ni n OLT trong mng PON thng qua lp MAC v lp tng thch vt l. Lp tng thch dch v trong ONU s bin dch tn hiu trong mng ca khch hng thnh tn hiu PON v ngc li, giao tip t ONU n mng khch hng l giao tip mng ngi dng (UNI). Phn ghp knh, gii ghp knh cung cp chc nng ghp knh cho nhng ngi dng khc nhau. Bnh thng c rt nhiu giao din mng, ngi dng trong mt ONU cho cc kiu dch v khc nhau. Mi UNI c th h tr cc dng tn hiu khc nhau v yu cu cc dch v tng thch khc nhau.

SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

Hnh 12 :Mt thit b ONU 3.2.3.2. Cc phn t th ng: Splitter:

Hnh 13 :Splitter v v tr trong FDH Splitter l thit b chia hoc kt hp cng sut quang. Tn hiu t OLT i n Splitter s c Splitter chia nh cng sut v a ra cc u ra tng ng. S ln chia nh cng sut ph thuc vo s u ra ca splitter. B tch tn hiu quang thng c t trong t phn phi quang (FDH) hoc tng i (Central Office) ty thuc vo phng n thit k cho khch hng. T phn phi quang (FDH):

SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

Hnh 14 :Cu trc v v tr lp t FDH T phn phi quang thng c dung lng kh ln c th l trm trung chuyn u cho cc si quang ti v i. V tr vt l ca t quang thng c lp t bn ng nh trn hnh v. Cn v tr logic ca t quang thng c t v tr kh gn trung tm phn phi cp cho mt khu vc. V tr c th ta c th nhn trn hnh v. Trong t quang FDH, ta c th c 2 cch u ni si quang l: Dng Connector hoc hn h quang. Ta c th t splitter trong t phn phi quang. M t c th c nhn nh hnh di:

Hnh 15 :S u ni cp vo Splitter trong FDH ng cp gc t tng i i vo t cp c ni vo u vo ca Connector, u ra ca Connector ny c ni sn vi u vo ca splitter. Cc u ra ca Splitter c u vo cc cng tng ng trong t cp kt ni n khch hng. Ta c th xem v tr logic ca hp phn phi quang trong mng PON nh hnh v trn.

SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

Hnh 16 :S chi tit u ni splitter trong FDH im truy nhp mng (NAP):

Hnh 17 :im truy nhp mng NAP Network Access Point (im truy cp mng): L nhng phn phi quang loi nh thng c treo ngay gn trc nh khch hng hay mt cm khch hng. T hp truy nhp quang s c cc si cp nhnh ko thng n khch hng.

SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

Si cp quang:

Hnh 18 : Cu to ca si quang V c bn c hai loi cp c s dng trong h thng thng tin quang l si a mode ( truyn dn nhiu tia sng vi gc ti khc nhau qua si quang) v si n mode (ch c mt tia sng i qua si quang). Trong h thng mng quang th ng, ngi ta thng s dng si n mode do c bng tn rng hn v kh nng truyn xa hn. i vi m hnh trin khai mng quang th ng trong thc t, ngi ta phn bit 3 loi si quang (cp gc, cp cnh v cp ngn). Cp gc (Feeder): y l on cp t tng i ko n cc t u cho (FDH). Cp gc thng to v c nhiu li quang bn trong. Cp cnh (Distribution cable): i vi m hnh, cp cnh l on ni t cc u cho (FDH) n cc hp phn phi cp (NAP). Cp cnh thng nh v c t li hn cp gc. on cp nhnh (Drop cable): on cp nhnh l on cp t im truy nhp quang n nh khch hng. on cp ny c th i chm hoc ko ni vo nh khch hng, ty tnh hnh thc t. kt ni vo nh khch hng, on cp ny thng c hn vo mt si cp pigtail kt ni vo connector. SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

3.2.4. Cc c ch hot ng xPON: 3.2.4.1. C ch truyn nhn lu lng trong mng xPON: C ch truyn lu lng hng xung ( T OLT n ONU):

Hnh 19 :C ch truyn lu lng hng xung Khi nhn theo hng xung, vic truyn lu lng t OLT n ONT l theo kiu truyn qung b tc l lu lng t OLT s c truyn n tt c cc ONU v lc ti lp MAC ca cc ONU ny. Trong mi gi tin c gi t OLT n ONU c mt phn tiu xc nh duy nht a ch n ca n l thuc v ONU-1, ONU-2 hay ONU-3. Phn tiu ny cng c th xc nh gi tin thuc v tt c cc ONU nu n cha a ch qung b, hay thuc v mt s ONU nu n cha a ch Multicast. b tch ghp tn hiu s c chia nh cng sut lm 3 chia ra 3 ng n cc ONU. Ch tn hiu t b tch/ghp n cc ONU mang thng tin ging ht tn hiu t OLT n b tch ghp.Ti cc ONU, sau khi nhn cc lu lng t OLT gi n, s thc hin lc gi tin no c a ch gi n cho mnh th a ra u ra cn nhng gi tin no khng c a ch gi n mnh s b ONU hy b. C ch hot ng ny kh ging vi c ch truyn thng trong mng LAN s dng Hub. V d nh trn hnh, ONU-1 nhn c 3 gi tin 1,2,3 nhng n ch chuyn tip gi tin 1 l gi c a ch n n cho ngi s dng cn hy b hai gi tin 2 v 3.

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

3.2.4.2.C ch truyn lu lng hng ln:

Hnh 20 :C ch truyn lu lng hng ln i vi hng ln, vic truyn lu lng phc tp hn. Nhn t pha ONU ln ONT mng khng cn l mng qung b na m l mng im n im, do gi tin t ONU ch c th i ln OLT m khng th truyn trc tip sang ONU khc. Khi truyn d liu ln OLT, tt c lu lng t cc ONU phi i qua mt on cp chung l on t OLT n b tch/ghp. Nu cc d liu t ONU truyn ng thi trn on cp dng chung ny s gy ra s ng v hng d liu trn on ny. Ta cn phi c c ch iu khin thi gian pht ca cc ONU mt cch hp l trong mt thi im ch c 1 ONU pht tn hiu ln mng. C ch ny gi l TDMA hay a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian. C ch ny c hai loi c bn l tnh v ng: C ch a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian tnh: OLT s cp cho cc ONU nhng khe thi gian tnh trong mt chu k thi gian ca n. Khi ngi s dng gi gi tin ln cc ONU, thng tin s c lu trong b nh m ca ONU v ch n khe thi gian ca mnh, ONU s thc hin chuyn tip thng tin ln ng truyn n OLT. i vi c ch truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian ng: Cc d liu t ngi dng gi n ONU s c ONU lu tr trong cc hng i ca mnh. OLT s gi cc bn tin iu khin giao tip vi ONU bit c ti thi im hin ti ONU ang c bao nhiu gi tin trong hng i. Da vo thng tin v s lng gi tin trong hng i ca ONU, ONT s cp cho ONU mt khong thi gian chim gi ng truyn thc hin truyn cc gi tin trong hng i ca n ln cho OLT. iu khin c chnh xc khong thi gian cn thit cp cho ONU, ONT cng cn thng tin khong cch t OLT n ONU bng bao xa. Khong cch ny s c tnh SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

bng thi gian gi tin i t OLT n ONU v quay li OLT. Vic tnh khong cch ny s c nu chi tit trong phn tip theo. 3.2.5. Cc chun mng PON Cc chun mng PON c th chia thnh 2 nhm: Nhm 1 bao gm cc chun theo phng thc truy nhp TDMA PON nh l B-PON (Broadband PON), E-PON (Ethernet PON), G-PON (Gigabit PON), nhm 2 bao gm chun theo cc phng thc truy nhp khc nh WDM-PON (Wavelength Division Multiplexing PON) v CDMA-PON (Code Division Multiple Access PON). 3.2.5.1. B-PON Mng th ng bng rng B-PON c chun ha trong chui cc khuyn ngh G.938 ca ITU-T. Cc khuyn ngh ny a ra cc tiu chun v cc khi chc nng ONT v OLT, khun dng v tc khung ca lung d liu hng ln v hng xung, giao thc truy nhp hng ln TDMA, cc giao tip vt l, cc giao tip qun l v iu khin ONT v DBA. Trong mng B-PON, d liu c ng khung theo cu trc ca cc t bo ATM. Mt khung hng xung c tc 155 Mbit/s (56 t bo ATM c kch thc 53byte), hoc 622 Mbit/s (4*56 t bo ATM) v mt t bo qun l vn hnh bo dng lp vt l OAM (PLOAM Physical Layer Operation Administration and Maintenance) c chn vo c mi 28 t bo trong knh. PLOAN c mt bit nhn dng cc t bo PLOAM. Ngoi ra cc t bo PLOAM c kh nng lp trnh c v cha thng tin nh l bng thng hng ln v cc bn tin OAM. Cn c v cc thng tin v m s nhn dng knh o v nhn dng ng o (VPI/VCI) trong cu trc ATM, cc ONT nhn bit v tch d liu ng xung ca mnh. Cu trc khung hng ln bao gm 56 t bo ATM (53byte). Mi mt knh (timeslot) gm c mt t bo ATM/PLOAN v 24 bit t mo u. T mo u mang thng tin v thi gian bo v (guard time), mo u cho php ng b v khi phc tn hiu ti OLT, v thng tin nhn dng im kt thc ca t mo u. Chiu di ca t mo u v cc thng tin cha trong c lp trnh bi OLT. Cc ONT thc hin gi cc t bo PLOAM khi chng nhn c yu cu t OLT.

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

B-PON s dng giao thc DBA cho php OLT nhn bit lng bng thng cn thit cp cho cc ONT. OLT c th gim hoc tng bng thng cho cc ONT da vo gi cc t bo ATM ri hoc lm y tt c hng ln bi d liu ca ONT. OLT dng nh k vic truyn hng ln do vy n c kh nng mi bt k ONT mi no tham gia vo hot ng h thng. Cc ONT mi pht mt bn tin phc hi trong ca s ny vi thi gian tr ngu nhin trnh xung t khi m c nhiu ONT mi mun tham gia. OLT xc nh khong cch ti mi ONT mi bng vic gi ti ONT mt bn tin o c ly v xc nh thi gian bao lu thu c bn tin phc hi. Sau OLT gi ti ONT mt gi tr tr, gi tr ny c s dng xc nh thi gian bo v ng vi cc ONT. 3.2.5.2. E-PON v Gbit/s PON E-PON l giao thc mng truy nhp y dch v FSAN (Full Service Access Network) TDMA PON th nht c pht trin da trn khai thc cc u im ca cng ngh Ethernet ng dng trong thng tin quang. E-PON c chun ha bi IEEE 802.3 Trong E-PON d liu hng xung c ng khung theo khun dng Ethernet. Cc khung E-PON c cu trc tng t nh cc lin kt Gigabit Ethernet im ti im ngoi tr t mo u v thng tin xc nh im bt u ca khung c thay i mang trng nhn dng knh logic (LLID Link logic ID) nhm xc nh duy nht mt ONU MAC. Trong hng ln, cc ONU pht cc khung Ethernet trong cc khe thi gian c phn b. ONU s dng giao thc iu khin a im PDU (MPCPDU Multi Point Control Protocol Data Unit) gi cc bn tin Report yu cu bng thng, trong khi OLT gi bn tin Gate cp bng thng cho cc ONU. Cc bn tin Gate bao gm thng tin v thi gian bt u v khong thi gian cho php truyn d liu i vi ONU. OLT cng nh k gi cc bn tin Gate ti cc ONU hi xem chng c yu cu bng thng hay khng. Cc ONU cng c th gi Report cng vi d liu c pht trong hng ln. Ngoi ra, giao thc DBA cng c th c s dng trong E-PON thc hin c ch iu khin phn b bng thng. Do khng c cu trc khung thng nht i vi hng xung v hng ln, nn trong cu trc ca E-PON, cc khe thi gian v giao thc xc nh c ly l khc so vi BPON v G-PON. OLT v cc ONU duy tr cc b m cc b ring v tng thm 1 sau SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

mi 16ns. Mi mt MPCPDU mang theo mt thi gian mu, mu ny l gi tr ca b m cc b ca ONU tng ng. Tc truyn d liu E-PON c th t ti 1 Gbit/s. Mt chun khc cng cng h vi E-PON l chun Gbit/s Ethernet PON (IEEE 802.3av Gbit/s PON). Chun ny l pht trin ca E-PON ti tc 10Gbit/s v c ng dng ch yu trong cc mng qung b video s. Gbit/s PON cho php phn phi nhiu dch v i hi bng thng ln, phn gii cao, ng gi IP cc lung d liu Video ngay c khi h s phn chia OLT/ONT l 1:64 hoc cao hn. 3.2.5.3. G-PON G-PON l giao thc FSAN TDMA PON th 2 c nh ngha trong chui khuyn ngh G.984 ca ITU-T. G-PON c xy dng trn tri nghim ca B-PON v EPON. Mc d G-PON h tr truyn ti tin ATM, nhng n cng a vo mt c ch thch nghi ti tin mi m c ti u ha cho truyn ti cc khung Ethernet c gi l phng thc ng gi G-PON (G-PON Encapsulation Method - GEM). GEM l phng thc da trn th tc ng khung chung trong khuyn ngh G.701 ngoi tr vic GEM ti u ha t mo u phc v cho ng dng ca PON, cho php sp xp cc d liu Ethernet vo ti tin GEM v h tr sp xp TDM. G-PON s dng cu trc khung GTC (G-PON Transmission Conversion) cho c hai hng xung v hng ln. Khung hng xung bt u vi mt t mo u PLOAM, tip sau l vng ti tin GEM v/hoc cc t bo ATM. PLOAM bao gm c thng tin cu trc khung v sp t cc bng thng cho ONT gi d liu trong khung hng ln tip theo. Khung hng ln bao gm cc nhm khung gi t cc ONT . Mi nhm c bt u vi t mo u cc lp vt l m c chc nng tng t trong B -PON, nhng cng bao hm tng hp cc yu cu bng thng ca cc ONT. Ngoi ra, cc t bo trc PLOAM v cc yu cu bng thng chi tit hn c gi i km vi cc nhm hng ln khi c yu cu t OLT. OLT gn cc thi gian cho vic gi d liu hng ln t cho mi ONT.

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

3.2.5.4. WDM-PON WDM-PON l mng quang th ng s dng phng thc a ghp knh phn chia theo bc sng thay v theo thi gian nh trong phng thc TDMA. OLT s dng mt bc sng ring r thng tin vi mi ONT theo dng im - im. Mi mt ONU c mt b lc quang la chn bc sng thch hp vi n. OLT cng c mt b lc cho mi ONU vi cc chc nng: S dng cc khi quang c th lp t ti ch la chn cc bc sng ONU Dng cc laser iu chnh c Ct ph tn hiu. Cc phng thc th ng m theo OLT cung cp tn hiu sng mang ti cc ONU. S dng tn hiu hng xung iu chnh bc sng u ra ca laser ONU. WDM-PON c th c s dng cho nhiu ng dng khc nhau nh l FTTx, cc ng dng VDSL v cc im truy nhp v tuyn t xa. Cc b thu WDM-PON s dng k thut lc quang mang ng dn truyn sng (Arrayed Waveguide Grating AWG). Mt AWG c th c t mi trng trong nh hoc ngoi tri. u im chnh ca WDM-PON l n c kh nng cung cp cc dch v d liu theo cc cu trc khc nhau (DS1/E1/DS3,10/100/1000Base Ethernet) ty theo yu cu v bng thng ca khch hng. Tuy nhin, nhc im chnh ca WDM-PON l chi ph kh ln cho cc linh kin quang sn xut b lc nhng bc sng khc nhau. WDMPON cng c trin khai kt hp vi cc giao thc TDMA PON ci thin bng thng truyn tin. 3.2.5.5. CDMA-PON Cng ngh a truy nhp phn chia theo m CDMA cng c th trin khai trong cc ng dng PON. Cng ging nh WDM-PON, CDMA-PON cho php mi ONU s dng khun dng v tc d liu khc nhau tng ng vi cc nhu cu ca khch hng. CDMA PON cng c th kt hp vi WDM tng dung lng bng thng. CDMA PON truyn ti cc tn hiu khch hng vi nhiu ph tn truyn dn tri trn cng mt knh thng tin. Cc k hiu t cc tn hiu khc nhau c m ha v nhn dng thng qua b gii m. Phn ln cng ngh ng dng trong CDMA PON tun theo phng thc tri ph chui trc tip. Trong phng thc ny mi k hiu 0,1 (tng ng vi mi tn hiu) c m ha thnh chui k t di hn v c tc cao hn. SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B
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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

Mi ONU s dng tr s chui khc nhau cho k t ca n. khi phc li d liu, OLT chia nh tn hiu quang thu c sau gi ti cc b lc nhiu x tch ly tn hiu ca mi ONU. u im chnh ca CDMA PON l cho php truyn ti lu lng cao v c tnh nng bo mt ni tri so vi cc chun PON khc. Tuy nhin, mt tr ngi ln trong CDMA-PON l cc b khuch i quang i hi phi c thit k sao cho m bo tng ng vi t s tn hiu/ tp m (S/N). Vi h thng CDMA-PON khng c b khuch i quang h s ny c th t 1:32 hoc cao hn. Bn cnh cc b thu tn hiu trong CDMA-PON l kh phc tp v gi thnh tng i cao. Chnh v nhng nhc im ny nn hin ti CDMA-PON cha c pht trin rng ri. Kt lun: Cng ngh PON ra i m ra mt tim nng ln cho trin khai cc dch v bng rng, thay th dn cc h thng mng truy nhp cp ng bng thng hp v cht lng thp. Cc mng PON s dng h thng thng tin quang c bng thng rng t l li bit thp (BER: 10-10 10-12). Tuy nhin, n cng c nhc im l gi thnh xy dng tng i cao v khng trin khai c ti nhng a hnh phc tp. C nhiu chun PON khc nhau, do vy trong thc t ty vo yu cu m mt nh khai thc cn la chn gii php cho ph hp. 3.3 Cc m hnh trin khai FTTx trn nn cng ngh xPON 3.3.1. Kin trc im n im vi b tch/ghp t tng i: M hnh trin khai thc t:

Hnh 21 :Kin trc vt l kt ni im n im SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

Vi m hnh im n im, OLT v splitter thng c t tng i (Central Office). Cc si quang t Splitter c ko ra u ni qua cc t phn phi cp, hp phn phi cp n ONT ca khch hng. Vi m hnh im n im, ch c OLT v Splitter t tng i. Trn ng i khng c mt splitter no khc. Ta c th thy r hn qua s logic ca m hnh ny.

Hnh 22 :Kin trc logic kt ni im n im M hnh ny c mt s u im l cc nh cung cp dch v c th cung cp bng thng ti a v mm do hn trong vic iu khin mng. Tt c cc cng vic x l s c u c thc hin ti tng i hoc nh khch hng, khng phi x l on gia. Nhng n c nhc im ln l tn nhiu cp quang v c nhiu si cp quang ni thng n tng i. iu ny khng mong mun v s lm phc tp tng i v tng chi ph ko cp quang nn m hnh ny thng t c trin khai. 3.3.2. B tch/ghp t tp trung t phn phi cp: M hnh trin khai thc t:

Hnh 23 :Kin trc vt l b tch/ghp t tp trung SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

Vi m hnh ny, OLT c t tng i cn cc splitter c t tp trung trong cc t phn phi cp. Cc tn hiu tch ra c truyn qua cc hp phn phi cp v n ONT t nh khch hng. Ta c th thy r hn trn m hnh logic di y:

Hnh 24 :Kin trc logic b tch/ghp t tp trung Vi vic thc hin cc chc nng tch tn hiu quang tp trung ti cc t cp FDH, ta c th tn dng ti a kh nng ca OLT v tp trung hn trong vic x l s c m ng. Thng c 3 im x l s c mng trong m hnh ny l tng i, t phn phi quang v nh khch hng. M hnh ny tit kim cp quang hn m hnh trn v ch cn t si quang ni n tng i. 3.3.3. B tch/ghp t phn tn hp u cp: M hnh trin khai thc t:

Hnh 25 :Kin trc vt l b tch/ghp t phn tn SVTH : Vn Khng L11CQVT06-B

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai

Vi m hnh ny, OLT c t tng i. Cc splitter khng ch c t cc t phn phi cp m cn c t cc hp phn phi cp n u khch hng. Ta c th xem c th hn trong m hnh logic nh di y:

Hnh 26 :Kin trc logic b tch/ghp t phn tn M hnh ny c u im rt ln l tit kim c cp quang ti a nhng cng c mt s nhc im nh s dng cng PON ca OLT khng hiu qu v kh khn trong x l s c v by gi khi mt ng truyn c vn , cc cn b k thut khng nhng phi kim tra tng i, t phn phi cp, u khch hng m cn c cc hp phn phi cp na. 3.4 Kt lun chng 3 Chng 3 gii thiu v cc yu t nh hng n vic la chn pht trin cng ngh quang no cng nh cc cng ngh c trin khai hin nay. C hai cng ngh pht trin FTTx l cng ngh quang tch cc AON v cng ngh quang th ng PON, Cng ngh PON ra i m ra mt tim nng ln cho trin khai cc dch v bng rng, thay th dn cc h thng mng truy nhp cp ng bng thng hp v cht lng thp. Tuy nhin, n cng c nhc im l gi thnh xy dng tng i cao v khng trin khai c ti nhng a hnh phc tp. C nhiu chun PON khc nhau, do vy trong thc t ty vo yu cu m mt nh khai thc cn la chn gii php cho ph hp. Ngoi ra trong chng ny cn gii thiu mt s m hnh trin khai FTTx trong thc t, bao gm m hnh logic cng nh m hnh vt l.

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Bo Co Thc Tp Tt Nghip : FTTx v Cc Phng Php Trin Khai DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO
Bi ging Mng v cc cng ngh truy nhp Dng Th Thanh T http//:www.tapchibcvt.go Mt s ti liu trn internet

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