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S GD&T BN TRE K THI HC SINH GII OLYMPIC 30-4 LN TH XII

TRNG THPT BN TRE NM HC 2005 - 2006


THI NGH MN HA Khi 11
Thi gian: 180 pht
Bi 1 :
Cu 1
1) Hp cht Z to thnh t 3 nguyn t A,B,X c M
2
< 120 . Tng s ht proton,
ntron,electron trong cc phn t AB
2
, XA
2
, XB ln lt l 66,96,81
a. Xc nh trn cc nguyn t A,B,X v cng thc ha hc ca Z
b. Nguyn t Y to vi A hp cht Z


gm 7 nguyn t trong phn t v tng s ht
mang in trong Z


l 140 . Xc nh Y v Z

c. Vit cng thc electron , cng thc cu to ca cc cht AB,AB


2
, XA
2
,XB,ZZ

,
YCl
3 ,
Y
2
Cl
6
( Cl : Cl
0
)
Cu 2
2) X l mt hidrocacbon mch h trong phn tch c lin kt n hoc lin kt i,
phng trnh nhit ha hc ca phn ng chy ca X nh sau :
n 2n 2 k 2 2 2
3n 1 k
C H O nCO (n 1 k)O H 1852 KJ
2
+
+
+ + +
Trong n l s nguyn t ccbon v K l s lin kt i C=C trong X
Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X bit rng nng lng cc lin kt nh sau :
Lin kt O=O H-O C-H C=O C=C C-C
Nng lng lin kt (KJ/mol ) 498 467 413 799 611 414

Bi 2 :
Cu 1 :
1a)Trn 10ml dung dch n axit yu HA nng mol Co ( hng s axit l K
A
)
C pH= 3,0 vi 5ml dung dch NaOH c pH=13 thu c dung dch c pH= 5,661 . Hy xc
nh K
A
v Co ca HA ( b qua s in li ca nc )
1b)Hng s phn li ca axit benzoic C
6
H
5
COOH bng 6,3.10
-5
v ca axit axetic
CH
3
COOH bng 1,79.10
5
. Hy xc nh t s nng ion H
+
trong dung dch ng phn t
ca axit benzoic v axit axetic
1c)Mt dung dch cha 0,2 mol Fe
2+
v 0,2 mol Fe
3+
. Dung dch c iu chnh n pH
= 1 . Xc nh th ca dung dch .
Thm vo dung dch cc ion OH

cho n khi pH = 5 ( b qua s thay i th tch dung dch ) .
Th ca dung dch o c bng 0,152V . Cht no kt ta v khi lng bao nhiu ?
Tnh tch s tan Fe(OH)
3
.
Bit E
0
Fe
3+
/Fe
2+
= +0,77V ; Fe = 56 ; O=16 ; H = 1
Cu 2 :
Trong iu kin c th Al tc dng vi HNO
3
to hn hp kh X gm NO v NO
2
.
Vit v cn bng phng trnh phn ng oxi ha kh cho mi trng hp sau :
a) x / C H
3 4
d 1, 020
b) x / C H
3 4
d 1,122
Nu nhn xt v h s cn bng phn ng . Cho bit khong gii hn ca x / C H
3 4
d
Trang -1 -
Bi 3 : Ha v c phi kim
Ha tan 115,3 (g) hn hp X gm MgCO
3
v RCO
3
bng 500ml dung dch H
2
SO
4
long,
thu c dung dch A, cht rn B v 4,48(l) CO
2
( ktc ) . C cn dung dch A th thu c
12(g) mui khan . Mt khc , em nung cht rn B n khi lng khng i th thu c 11,2 (
l ) CO
2
( ktc ) v cht rn B
1
.
a) Tnh nng C
M
ca dung dch H
2
SO
4
dng .
b) Tnh khi lng ca B v B
1
.
c) Tnh khi lng nguyn t ca R bit trong hn hp u s mol ca RCO
3
gp 2,5
ln s mol ca MgCO
3
.
Bi 4 :
1) Vit cc phn ng theo dy chuyn ha sau : ( C gii thch c ch phn ng )
CH CH CH
3 3 3
| \ /
3 2
(1) (2) (3)
| / \
CH CH CH
3 3 3
CH C CH CH A B C C
2) Theo kt qu phn tch nguyn t , phn khi lng ca cacbon trong hidrocacbon X
l 96,43% .Hidrocacbon X c tnh axit yu v c th to nn mui Y vi phn khi
lng ca kim loi l 46%.Xc nh cng thc cu to ca cc cht X v Y . Vit
phn ng bin ha X Yv phn ng hidro ha hon ton X . Bit cng thc phn t
trng vi cng thcn gin I .
Bi 5 :
1) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng ( Cht hu c vit dng cu to thu gn ) .
a) Etanol
(1) (2) (3)
1 2
X X
Axit lactic ( axit2 - Hidroxipropionic)
b)
(1)
8 12 4
(2)
4 4 4 4 4 2 4
(3)
4 6
C H O (B)
A(C H O ) C H Br O (C)
C H O (D)

'

Chn 1cu to thch hp


ca A hon thnh s .
c)
(1) (2) (3)
5 8 5 10 5 8 5 9 4
C H C H O C H O C H O SNa
2) Cho 2,76g cht hu c A ( Ch cha C,H,O v c cng thc phn t trng vi vi cng
thc n gin nht ) tc dng vi dung dch NaOH va , sau chng kh th phn
bay hi ch c nc ,phn rn khan cn li cha 2 mui ca natri chim khi lng 4,44 g
. Nung nng 2 mui ny trong oxi d , sau khi phn ng hon ton ta c 3,18 g Na
2
CO
3
; 2,464 lt kh CO
2
(KC) v 0,9 g H
2
O.Tm cng thc phn t , cng thc cu to A tha
mn cc tnh cht trn .B l 1 ng phn ca A khi B tc dng vi lng d dung dch
NaOH hoc vi lng d dung dch NaHCO
3
to nn sn phm khc nhau :
C
7
H
4
Na
2
O
3 ,
C
7
H
5
NaO
3 .
Vit cng thc cu to B v cc phn ng .
P N MN HA Khi 11
Bi 1
Cu 1
a) Gi a,b,x ln lt l tng s ht proton ,n tron , electron trong1 nguyn t A,B,X .
Theo bi ,ta c :
Trang -2 -
a + 2b = 66 (1)
x + 2a = 96 (2)
x + b = 84 (3 )
(1),(2),(3)
a 18
b 24
c 60


'

Gi P
A
,P
B
, P
X
ln lt l s proton ca A,B,X .
n
A
,n
B
, n
X
ln lt l s n tron ca A,B,X .
Ta c : 2P
A
+ n
A
= 18 2P
B
+ n
B
= 24 2P
X
+ n
X
= 60
V
A A A
P n 1, 5P
A
18 18
P
3, 5 3

b) Z

: Y
x
C
Y
(x+y = 7 )
Gi s proton ca nguyn t Y l P
Y
(2P
Y
)x + 12y = 140
hay P
Y
x + 6y = 70

P
Y
x + 6(7-x) = 70

P
Y
x - 6x = 28


Y
28
P 6 ( x 7)
x
+ <
Vy Y l nhm ( Al )
v Z

l Al
4
C
3
c) c) Vit cng thc electron , cng thc cu to ca cc cht AB,AB
2
, XA
2
,XB,ZZ

,
YCl
3 ,
Y
2
Cl
6
( Cl : Cl
0
)


.
O C CO O C

.
O C CO
2
O O C O

.
Ca CaC
2
C
C
-
+ 2
-
Ca
C
C

.
Ca CaO
+
2
O
- 2
O Ca

.
Ca CaCO
3
+
2
O
O C
O
-
-
Ca
O
O C
O

O
2+
C O
Ca
-
O
-

.
Ca CaCO
3
+
2
O
O C
O
-
-
Ca
O
O C
O

Al
4
C
3
Al C Al C Al C Al Al C Al C Al C Al

.
AlCl
3
Cl
Cl Al
Cl
Cl
Cl Al
Cl

.
Al
2
Cl
6
Cl
Cl
Al
Cl
Cl Cl
Al
Cl Cl
Cl
Al
Cl
Al
Cl
Cl
Cl
Trang -3 -
1
34
2
20
4
13
( nhn )
x
P
Y


2
2
CaO Ca O Ca O : :

+
1

1
1
]
gg
gg
Cu 2
C C C C C H O O C O O H
3n 1 k
H (n 1 k)E k.E (2n 2 k)E .E 2nE 2(n 1 k)E
2

+
+ + + + +
3n 1 k
1852 (n 1 k)414 611k (2n 2 k).413 .498 2n.799 2(n 1 k).467
2
+
+ + + + +

545n 1579 56k +
V
1579 1523
0 k n 1 n
545 489

2, 897 n 3,115 n 3
v
k 1
Cng thc cu to ca X l CH
3
CH = CH
2
Bi 2
Cu 1: a)
A
HA H A k
+

+

3 2
A
3
o
(10 )
k
C 10

(1)
Khi trn 10ml dung dch HA vi 5 ml dung dch NaOH c pH = 13 :
NaOH Na OH
+

+

14
13
13
10
pH 13 H 10 M OH 0,1 (M)
10

1 1

] ]
Sau khi trn :
o
HA o
10C
C 0, 667C
15

v NaOH
0,1 x 5
C 0, 033 (M)
15

HA + NaOH

NaA + H
2
O
Ban u 0,667C
O
0,033 0
Phn ng 0,033 0,033 0,033
Sau phn ng 0,667C
O
- 0,033 0 0,033
5,661
pH 5, 661 H 10
+
1

]
p dng cng thc tnh pH dung dch m , ta c :
5,661
A o
10 k (0, 667C 0, 033) / 0, 033


8
A
o
7, 203 x 10
k
0, 667C 0, 033

(2)
T (1) v (2) ta suy ra :
8 6
o
3
o
o
7, 203 x 10 10
C 0, 055 (M)
0, 667C 0, 033
C 10

Th (1) vo ,ta c : :
6
5
A
3
10
k 1, 85.10
0, 055 10

b) p dng cng thc gn ng tnh nng


H
+
ca dung dch axit yu .
o
C H COOH
6 5
C H COOH
6 5
H k .C
+
1

]
Trang -4 -
o
CH COOH
3
CH COOH
3
H k . C
+
1

]
C H COOH C H COOH
6 5 6 5
CH COOH
3
CH COOH
3
H
k
1, 876
k
H
+
+
1
]

1
]
3 2
Fe e Fe
+ +

+

3
o
3 2 3 2
Fe / Fe Fe / Fe 2
Fe
0, 059
E E lg 0, 77 (V)
1
Fe
+
+ + + +
+
1
]
+
1
]
Khi pH = 5 , th dung dch gim xung 0,152V
3
Fe
+
1

]
]
gim xung

c kt ta Fe(OH)
3
.
3
3
Fe 3OH Fe(OH)
+

+

Ta c : 0,152 = 0,77+ 0,059 lg
3
Fe
0, 2
+
1
]

3 11 3
Fe 10 Fe
+ +
1 1
<<
] ]
u
Coi nh
3
Fe
+
kt ta hon ton .
Fe(OH)
3
m 0, 2 . 107 21, 4 g ]

[ ]
3
11
3
3 11 11 27 38
Fe(OH)
3
5
10
T Fe OH 10 . 10 . 10 10
10

_
1

]
,
Cu 2
a)
X/ C H
3 4
Mx
d 1, 02 Mx 40, 8
40

NO
x
NO
2
Goi x l n
30x 46y
M 40, 8
Goi y l n
x y


;
+

x: y 0, 325 : 0, 675 10 : 21
5 2
5 4
5 2 4
x 1
3
x 17
10 N 30e 10 N
21 N 21e 21 N
31 N 51e 10 N 21 N
Al 3e Al
+ +
+ +
+ + +
+
+
+
+ +


( )
3 3 2 2
3
17Al 82HNO 17Al NO 10NO 21NO 41H O + + + +
b)
X/ C H
3 4
Mx
d 1,122 Mx 44, 88
40

Trang -5 -
( HNO
3
: Cht Oxi ha )
(Al : Cht kh )
NO
x
NO
2
Goi x l n
30x 46y
M 44, 88
Goi y l n
x y


;
+

x: y 0, 07 : 0, 93 1 : 13
5 2
5 4
5 2 4
x 3
3
x 16
N 3e 10 N
13 N 13e 13 N
14 N 16e N 13 N
Al 3e Al
+ +
+ +
+ + +
+
+
+
+ +

( )
3 3 2 2
3
16Al 90HNO 16Al NO 3NO 39NO 45H O + + + +
Nhn xt :
- H s phng trnh ng vi t l tnh
- Khong gii hn ca gi tr
X
d
X ch gm
X/ C H
3 4
30
NO d 0, 75
40

X ch gm
2 X/ C H
3 4
46
NO d 1,15
40

- x / C H
3 4
0, 75 d 1,15 < <
Bi 3
a)
3 2 4 4 2 2
MgCO H SO MgSO CO H O (1) + + +
3 2 4 4 2 2
RCO H SO RSO CO H O ( 2) + + +
Khi nung cht rn B thu c CO
2

Trong B cn d mui
2
2 4
3
CO H SO

ht
(1) & (2) .

[ ]
H SO CO
2 4 2
2 4
4, 48
(1) &(2) n n 0, 2 (mol )
22, 4
0, 2
H SO 0, 4 (M)
0, 5



Ch c mui cacbonat ca kim loi kim ( tr Li
2
CO
3
t tan ) v mui amoni tan


dung dch A khng c mui cabonat m ch c mui snat

Ton b mui cacbonat


d u trong rn B .
o
t
3 2
RCO RO CO ( 3) +
o
t
3 2
MgCO MgO CO ( 4) +
Trang -6 -
b) p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng cho (1) & (2 )
{ {
B
m m
m m m
x muoi sunfat
H SO CO H O
2 4 2 2
115, 3 98 . 0, 2 12 0, 2. 44 18 . 0, 2 m . + + + +
142 43 142 43 142 43
B
m 110, 5 (g)
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng cho (3) & (4)
B
m 110, 5 (g) 0, 5. 44 88, 5 g
c) Theo (1);(2);(3) v (4)

Tng s mol 2 mui cacbonat , Tng s mol CO


2
to thnh trong 4 phn ng ny .
cho :
a b 0, 2 0, 5 0, 7 mol (5)
b 2, 5 a (6)
+ +

'

x
m 84 . 0, 2 (R. 60) 0, 5 115, 3 +

R 137 dvc
Vy R l Bari ( Ba )
Bi 4
1) Vit cc phn ng theo dy chuyn ha sau : ( C gii thch c ch phn ng )
CH CH
3 3
| |
3 2 3 3
| |
|
CH
CH Cl 3
3
CH C CH CH HCl CH C CH CH (A) +
CH CH
3 3
| |
3 3 3 3
| | |
CH OH
CH 3
3
CH C CH CH KOH CH C CH CH KCl (B) + +

CH CH CH
3 3 3
| \ /
o
H SO dd,t
2 4
3 3 2
| / \
|
CH CH CH
3 3 3
OH
CH C CH CH C C H O (C) +
Gii thch :
CH CH CH
3 3 3
| | |
H
3 3 3 3 3 3
| ! | | |
CH
CH CH OH 3
3 3
OH
2
CH C CH CH CH C CH CH CH C CH CH
+ +
+
+
]
Trang -7 -
ru
Chuyn v :
2) Gi cng thc phn t : C
x
H
y

12x 96, 43 x 9
12x y 100 y 4

+
V cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin I

cng thc phn t X l


C
9
H
4
.
Gi cng thc ca mui Y l C
9
H
4-x
M
x
.
Thnh phn % ca kim loi M l
x. M 46
x.M 112 x 100

+
x =1 M =94,556 ( loi )
x =2 M =46,85( loi )
x =3 M =30,95( loi )
x =4 M =23 ( chn )
X c 4 lin kt 3 u mch .

C CH
|
|
C CH
HC C C C CH


v
C CN
a
|
NaC
|
C CNa
Y C C C CNa


3)
C CH C CNa
| |
o
t
a 2
| |
C CH C CNa
HC C C C CH 4Na NaC C C C CN 2H


+ + V
it cc phn ng theo dy chuyn ha sau : ( C gii thch c ch phn ng )
CH CH
3 3
| |
3 2 3 3
| |
|
CH
CH Cl 3
3
CH C CH CH HCl CH C CH CH (A) +
Trang -8 -
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
CH
C
+
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
C
C
H
+

CH CH
3 3
| |
3 3 3 3
| | |
CH OH
CH 3
3
CH C CH CH KOH CH C CH CH KCl (B) + +

CH CH CH
3 3 3
| \ /
o
H SO dd,t
2 4
3 3 2
| / \
|
CH CH CH
3 3 3
OH
CH C CH CH C C H O (C) +
Gii thch :
CH CH CH
3 3 3
| | |
H
3 3 3 3 3 3
| ! | | |
CH
CH CH OH 3
3 3
OH
2
CH C CH CH CH C CH CH CH C CH CH
+ +
+
+
]
Chuyn v :
4) Gi cng thc phn t : C
x
H
y

12x 96, 43 x 9
12x y 100 y 4

+
V cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin I

cng thc phn t X l


C
9
H
4
.
Gi cng thc ca mui Y l C
9
H
4-x
M
x
.
Thnh phn % ca kim loi M l
x. M 46
x.M 112 x 100

+
x =1 M =94,556 ( loi )
x =2 M =46,85( loi )
x =3 M =30,95( loi )
x =4 M =23 ( chn )
X c 4 lin kt 3 u mch .
Trang -9 -
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
CH
C
+
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
CH
3
C
C
H
+

ru

C CH
|
|
C CH
HC C C C CH

v
C CN
a
|
NaC
|
C CNa
Y C C C CNa


Bi 5
1a)
(X1)
o
t
3 2 3 2
(1) CH CH OH CuO CH CH O Cu H O + + +

3 3
| (X2)
CN
(2) CH CHO HCN CH CH OH +

3 2 3 4
| |
CN CN
(3) CH CH OH 2H O HCl CH CH COOH NH Cl + + +
1b) (1)

COOC H
2 5
|
CH
H SO
2 4
3 2 2
CH Cis hoac trans
|
COOC H
2 5
HOOC CH CH COOH 2CH CH OH || 2H O

+ +

2 2 3
2
C/ A C/ CO C/ Na CO
H/ A H/ H O H/ NaOH
O/ A
2, 464 3,18
m m m .12 .12 1, 68g
22, 4 106
0, 72 0, 9
m m m .2 0, 06.1 0,12g
18
m 2, 76 1, 68 0,12 0, 96g
+ +
+


C H A
1, 68 0,12 0, 96
n : n : n : : 7 : 6 : 3
12 1 16

CTPT l cng thc n gin CTPT C
7
H
6
O
3

S mol A phn ng
2, 76
0, 02mol
138

n
A
: n
NaOH
= 1 : 3, m A ch c 3 nguyn t oxi v sau phn ng ta c 2 mui

B l ng phn ca A:
Trang -10 -
OH
HCOO
+

3
NaOH HCOONa
+
ONa
ONa
+

2
H
2
O
COOH
OH
+ NaHCO
3
COONa
OH
+
H
2
O
+
CO
2
COOH
OH
+ NaOH
COONa
ONa
2 +
2
H
2
O
H O C
O
OH
H O C
O
OH
H O C
O
OH
CTCT A:

2
| |
Br Br
(2) HCOOC CH CH COOH Br HOOC CH CH COOH +

1) ddKMnO
4
+
2 (H ) | |
OH OH
(3) HCOOC CH CH COOH HOOC CH CH COOH
1c)

2. Vit cng thc cu to B v cc phn ng .
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng, ta c:
2 3
NaOH Na CO
NaOH
3,18
n 2n 2. 0, 06mol
106
m 0, 06.40 2, 4g


S gam H
2
O (1) l:
2
H O( ) A NaOH
m m m
+
+
m
mui

= 2,76 + 2,4 4,44 = 0,72g
2 2 3
2
C/ A C/ CO C/ Na CO
H/ A H/ H O H/ NaOH
O/ A
2, 464 3,18
m m m .12 .12 1, 68g
22, 4 106
0, 72 0, 9
m m m .2 0, 06.1 0,12g
18
m 2, 76 1, 68 0,12 0, 96g
+ +
+


C H A
1, 68 0,12 0, 96
n : n : n : : 7 : 6 : 3
12 1 16

CTPT l cng thc n gin CTPT C
7
H
6
O
3

Trang -11 -
+ H
2
O
OH
OH
+
CuO
t
0
O
+
Cu
+
H
2
O
O
+
NaHSO
3
OSO
3
Na
OH
H
2
O
4,44g mui
+NaOH
2,76gA
S mol A phn ng
2, 76
0, 02mol
138

n
A
: n
NaOH
= 1 : 3, m A ch c 3 nguyn t oxi v sau phn ng ta c 2 mui

B l ng phn ca A:
Trang -12 -
COOH
OH
+ NaHCO
3
COONa
OH
+
H
2
O
+
CO
2
COOH
OH
+ NaOH
COONa
ONa
2 +
2
H
2
O
OH
HCOO
+

3
NaOH HCOONa
+
ONa
ONa
+

2
H
2
O
H O C
O
OH
H O C
O
OH
H O C
O
OH
CTCT A:
COOH
OH
+ NaHCO
3
COONa
OH
+
H
2
O
+
CO
2
COOH
OH
+ NaOH
COONa
ONa
2 +
2
H
2
O

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