Cu 3: (3 im) Melamin l mt hp cht hu c c tnh c (gy si thn, suy thn).

Melamin b mt
nh my sn xut sa Trung Quc a vo thnh phn ca sa nh la c quan kim nghim cht lng.
Trong thnh phn melamin c cha 28,571%C; 4,762%H v cn li l nguyn t X.
Xc nh CTPT ca melamin bit PTK ca melamin xp x 130 v C trong melamin c s oxi ha l +4.
Bi 1 (2 im)
Cht hu c A cha 54,96% C v 9,92% H v khi lng. nh lng N theo phng php Dumas t 1,31 gam
A v thu kh N2 vo mt kh k 30oC th th tch kh N2 o c l 0,1272 lt; mc nc trong kh k cao hn
mc nc ngoi chu 6,8 cm; p sut kh quyn l 760 mmHg v p sut hi nc bo ha 30 oC l 12,3
mmHg. (a) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A, bit phn t A c mt nguyn t N. (b) A c tnh lng tnh,
phn t A ch c nguyn t C bc mt v bc hai v khi un nng A tham gia phn ng trng ngng to ra mt
polime mch h c phn t khi l 1.500.000. Xc nh s mt xch A trong polime nu trn. Cho C = 12, H =
1, O = 16, N = 14.
P N

IM

(a) p sut ring phn ca N2 :

h
6,8 10
p N2 = H f
= 760 12,3
= 742, 7 (mmHg)
13, 6
13, 6
pV
742, 7 273 0,1272
=
= 0, 005 (mol)
S mol N2 =
RT 760 22, 4 (273 + 30)
0, 005 28
100% = 10, 69%
%N trong A =
1,31
%O = 100% - 75,57% = 24,43%
54,96 9,92 24, 43 10, 69
nC : n H : nO : n N =
:
:
:
= 6: 13: 2: 1
12
1
16
14
Cng thc phn t ca A l C6H13O2N.
(b) A va tc dng vi dung dch HCl v dung dch NaOH, ch cha C bc 1 v bc
2 nn Cng thc cu to ng ca A l : H2N-[CH2]5-COOH.
Phng trnh phn ng trng ngng :
t o ,xt,p
n H2N-[CH2]5COOH
H-(-HN-[CH2]5CO-)-nOH+ (n-1) H2O
1.500.000 18
n=
= 13274
113
Cu 3: Mt khong cht c cha 20,93%Nhm; 21,7%Silic v cn li l oxi v Hidro (v khi lng). Hy xc
nh cng thc ca khong cht ny.
CCH GII
t % lng Oxi = a th % lng Hidro = 57,37 a
Ta c: t l s nguyn t
20,93 21, 7 a
:
: : (57,37 a)
Al : Si : O : H =
27
28 16
Mt khc: phn t khong cht trung ha in nn
20,93
21, 7
a
3
+ 4
2 + (57,37 a) = 0
27
28
16
Gii phng trnh cho a = 55,82
Suy ra,

KT QU

IM

1,0
a = 55,82

2,0

Al : Si : O : H =
2 :2 :9 :4

1,0

20,93 21, 7 55,82

:
:
:1,55 = 2 : 2 : 9 : 4
27
28
16
Vy cng thc khong cht: Al2Si2O9H4
hay Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O (Cao lanh)
Al : Si : O : H =

Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O

1,0

Cu 3: Mt cht c ng dng rng ri ti cc vng qu c thnh phn % v khi lng cc nguyn t K, Al, S,
ln lt l 8,228% , 5,696% , 13,502% cn li l oxi v hiro. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca cht bit
trong cht S c s oxi ha cao nht
5. Mt loi khong c cha 13,77%Na; 7,18%Mg; 57,48%O; 2,39%H v cn li l nguyn t X v khi lng.
Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca khong .
Hm lng %X = 100 13,77 7,18 57,48 2,39 = 19,18%
Cn bng oxi ha kh trong hp cht:
13,77
7,18
57,48
2,39
19,18
1+
2
2+
1+
y = 0 X = 5,33y
23
24
16
1
X
Lp bng xt:
Y
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
X
5,33 10,6 ...
...
...
32
6
thy ch c y = 6 l tha mn X = 32 S (lu hunh)
13,77 7,18 57,48 2,39 19,18
:
:
:
:
Na : Mg : O : H : S =
= 2 : 1 : 12 : 8 : 2
23
24
16
1
32
Cng thc khong: Na2MgO12H8S2 Na2SO4.MgSO4.4H2O