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CC DNG BI TP THNG GP CHNG NGUYN T Dng 1: Xc inh tn nguyn t v vit cu hnh electron nguyn t nguyn t khi bit tng s ht proton, electron, ntron l a ht ( vi a l s ht cho trc) Phng php gii: Gi E, N, P ln lt l s ht electron, ntron, proton c trong mt nguyn t ca nguyn t . i vi cc nguyyn t thuc nguyn t c Z 82 c gi l nguyn t bn nn chng ta c cng thc: 1
N P

1,5

(1)

Mt khc tng s ht electron, ntron, proton trong 1 nguyn t l a ht nn: E + P + N = 2P + N = a > Thay (2) vo (1) ta c: 1 >
a 3.5 a 3

N = a (3)

2P
a 2P P

(2) 1,5

V P N* nn ta ly cc gi tr nguyn dng. Nu P ch c 1 gi tr th ta suy ra ngay nguyn t . Nu P c nhiu gi tr khc nhau th ta phai lp bng bin lun nh sau: P A Vi A = N + P v N = a 2P A l s khi ca nguyn t. T hng th A bng hoc gn bng vi nguyn t khi ca nguyn t nguyn t v g tr i s nn ta ly cp P v A tha mn ri suy ra tn nguyn t .

Ch :
Khi lm bi tp trc nghim th chng ta ch cn nh cng thc (3) d lm nhanh bi tp dng ny. VD1: Xc inh tn nguyn t v vit cu hnh electron nguyn t khi bit tng s ht proton, electron, ntron l 21 ht VD2: Xc inh tn nguyn t v vit cu hnh electron nguyn t khi bit tng s ht proton, electron, ntron l 13 ht. VD3: Tng s ht proton , ntron , electron ca nguyn t mt nguyn t kim loi l 34. a) Xc nh tn nguyn t da vo bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc).
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b) Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t ca nguyn t . c) Tnh tng obitan v s electron trong nguyn t ca nguyn t trng thi c bn. Dng 2: Xc inh tn nguyn t v vit cu hnh electron nguyn t nguyn t khi bit in tch ca ht nhn hay in tch ca lp v electron ca nguyn t nguyn t l Q. Phng php gii: S proton hay s electron ca nguyn t nguyn t : P = E =
Q 1,602 10 19

T gi tr ca P suy ra tn nguyn t v vit cu hinh electron. VD1: Xc inh tn nguyn t v vit cu hnh electron nguyn t nguyn t khi bit in tch ca ht nhn l + 17.622 10 19 culng. Dng 3: Xc inh tn nguyn t v vit cu hnh electron ca 1hoc xc nh s khi ca n khi bit:
3.1

Tng s ht c bn ( p, n, e ) ca nguyn t nguyn t R l a ht v s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l b ht ( vi a, b l s ht cho trc) Phng php gii: Gi s ht electron, ntron, proton trong mt nguyn t nguyn t R ln lt l P, N, E. ( P, N, E > 0). Tng s ht c bn c trong 1 nguyn t R: P + N + E = a (1) Hiu s ht mang in so vi s ht khng mang in: 2P - N = b (2) Gii h (1) v (2) ta c: P T gi tr ca n d dng. P = =
a +b 4 a +b 4

(I) = a - 2P (II)

N = 2P - b

> tn nguyn t v A = P + N v vit cu hnh e ca

Ch :
Khi lm bi tp trc nghim th chng ta ch cn quan tm dn cng thc (I), (II) lm nhanh bi tp dng ny. VD1:

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Tng s ht c bn ( p, n, e ) ca nguyn t nguyn t R l 28 ht v s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 8 ht. Xc inh tn nuyn t Rv s khi A ca n. VD2: Tng s ht c bn ( p, n, e ) ca nguyn t nguyn t R l 82 ht v s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 22 ht. Xc inh tn nuyn t Rv s khi A ca n. VD2: Mt nguyn t X c tng 3 loi ht c bn l 40 trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 12. X l: A. Ca C. Al
3.2

B. Ni D. Si

Tng s ht c bn ( p, n, e ) ca nguyn t nguyn t R l a ht v s ht mang in gp c ln s ht khng mang in ( vi a, c l s ht cho trc). Phng php gii: Gi s ht electron, ntron, proton trong mt nguyn t nguyn t R ln lt l P, N, E. ( P, N, E > 0). Tng s ht c bn c trong 1 nguyn t R: P + N + E = a (1) Mt khc ta c: P + E = 2P = c . N (2) Gii h (1) v (2) ta c: P = N = T gi tr ca P =
a c 2 (c +1) a c 2 (c +1)

(III)

a c +1

(IV) > tn nguyn t v A = P + N v vit cu hnh e

ca n d dng. Ch : Khi lm bi tp trc nghim th chng ta ch cn nh cng thc (IV) hoc (III) lm nhanh bi tp dng ny. VD1: Tng s ht c bn ( p, n, e ) ca nguyn t nguyn t R l 34 ht v s ht mang in gp
11 6

ln s ht khng mang in. Xc nh tn nguyn t Rv s khi A ca

n. Dng 4: Xc nh c bao nhiu phn t loi A2B c to thnh t n ng v ca A v m 4.1 ng v ca B. Phng php gii:
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Gi s ng v ca A ln lt ng vi cc ng v l:
1

Phn t A2B dc vit li dng: ABA

Ly 1 ng v ca B kt hp vi n ng v ca A. Chn 1 A ng u ta c cc lai phn t:

1

AB 1A
2

AB 2 A . 1 AB n A c
2

n loii phn t.

Chn A ng u ta c cc lai phn t:

2

AB 2 A

AB 3A .

AB n A c

(n - 1) loi phn t.

5.1

. . Chn n A ng u ta c cc lai phn t: n AB n A c 1 loi phn t.

Vy khi 1 dng v ca B kt hp vi n ng v ca A th c tt c:

1 +
S =

+ .. + n =

n(n + 1) loi phn t. 2

V B c m ng v nn c tt c :

17 18 VD1: v l: 16 16 O ; 16 O ; 16 O .Hy xc nh c bao nhiu phn t loi H2O c to thnh t cc lai ng v trn. 17 18 12 VD2 : Trong t nhin Oxi c 3 ng v: 16 16 O ; 16 O ; 16 O ; Cacbon c 2 ngv l: 6 C ; 13 Hi c th c bao nhiu loi phn t kh cacbonic hp thnh t cc ng v trn. 6C Xc nh c bao nhiu phn t loi A3B c to thnh t n ng v ca A v m 4.2 ng v ca B.

m n(n + 1) (V) loi phn t A2B c to thnh. 2 1 2 3 H ; 1 H; 1 H ; Oxi c 3 ng Hidro c 3 ng v l: 1

Chng minh tng t ta c cng thc: C tt c : S = m (

n(n + 1) + 2

(n 1)n ( n 2)(n 1) + +.. + 1) (VI)loi phn t A3B 2 2

c to thnh. Ch : Khi lm bi tp trc nghim th chng ta ch cn nh cng thc (V) v (VI) lm nhanh bi tp dng ny. Dng 5: Vit cu hnh electron ca 1 nguyn t nguyn t R khi bit s electron hoc 5.1 s proton hoc in tch ht nhn. Phng php gii: Khi nim: Cu hnh electron nguyn t biu din s phn b e trn cc phn lp thuc cc lp khc nhau. Quy c cch vit cu hnh e nguyn t:
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- s th t lp e c vit bng cc ch s (1, 2, 3..) - phn lp c k hiu bng cc ch ci thng (s, p, d, f). - s e dc ghi bng ch s pha trn, bn phi k hiuca phn lp ( s2, p2..). Cch vit cu hnh electron nguyn t: - Xc inh s electron ca nguyn t. - Cc electron c phn b theo th t tng dn cc mc nng lng AO, theo cc nguyn l v quy tc phn b electron trong nguyn t. Theo s cc mc nng lng sau: 7s 6s 5s 4s 3s 3p 2s 1s 2p 7p 6p 5p 4p 3d 7d 6d 5d 4d 7f 6f 5f 4f 7g 6g 5g 7h 6h

- Vit cu hinh electron theo th t cc phn lp trong mt lp v theo th tca cc lp electron. VD1: Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t nguyn t Na (Z =11), Fe (Z =26), Ca (20), Zn (Z = 30)

Ch :
Khi vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t cc nguyn t th phi lu 2 trng hp gi bo ha sau: TH1 : Trng hp bn bo ha: Khi vit m electron cui cung in vo AOd nh sau: (n-1)d4 ns2 th 1 electron phn lp ns nhy sang phn lp (n-1)d t cu hnh bn vng hn nn phai vit lai cu hinh ng ca cc nguyn t nguyn t ny dng (n-1)d5 ns1 th mi ng vi thc t. VD 1: Vit cu hinh electron ca nguyn t Cr (Z = 24) TH2 : Trng hp vi bo ha: Khi vit m electron cui cung in vo AOd nh sau:
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(n-1)d9 ns2 th 1 electron phn lp ns nhy sang phn lp (n-1)d t cu hnh bn vng hn nn phai vit lai cu hinh ng ca cc nguyn t nguyn t ny dng (n-1)d10 ns1 th mi ng vi thc t. VD 2: Vit cu hinh electron ca nguyn t Cu (Z = 29).
5.2

Vit cu hnh electron ca ion R+n khi bit s proton hoc in tch ht

nhn. Phng php gii: - Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t R. - Bt dn t 1, 2, . n electron trong cu hnh electron ca R theo th t t ngoi vo ( t phi sang tri theo th t sp xp trong cu hnh nguyn t R theo quy tc ht lp ngoi ri mi vo n lp trong. Ch : i vi nguyn t nguyn t R c cu hnh 2 phn lp ngoi l (n-1)da ns2 th khi vit cu hinh cho ion R ta cng bt ln lt 1, 2, . n electron t phn lp ns2 trc n ht ri mi bt electron phn lp (n-1)da. VD1: Vit cu hnh electron ca ion K+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Cr2+, Pb2+ T cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng hy bin lun tm tn nguyn t: VD1:Hy bin lun tm tn nguyn t R khi bit cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng nh sau: (n-1)da ns1. Phng php gii: V phn lp ns ch c 1 electron nn c 3 kh nng xy ra: - nu a = 0 th nguyn t R l nguyn t S > cu hnh ca R ri > Z v tn nguyn t R. - nu a = 5 th nguyn t R l nguyn t d > cu hnh ca R ri > Z v tn nguyn t R. - nu a = 10 th nguyn t R l nguyn t d > cu hnh ca R ri > Z v tn nguyn t R. T cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t nguyn t R hy vit 5.4 cu hnh electron y ca n v xc nh tn nguyn t R: VD1: Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca 1 nguyn t nguyn t R l 4s1 hy xc nh tn tt c cc nguyn t R c th c. Dng 6: S ht trong c bn trong A nhiu hn trong B: 6.1 TH1 : Trong phn t AaB c tng s ht (p, n, e) l d1 ht, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l d2 ht. S khi ca nguyn t A ln hn s khi ca nguyn t B l d3. Tng s ht (p, n, e) trong nguyn t A nhiu hn
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trong nguyn t B l d4 ht. Vit cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t A, B. Vit cng thc phn t hp cht . Phng php gii: Phn t AaB trung ha v in c to yhnh do s kt hp a nguyn t A v 1 nguyn t B. Gi s proton, s ntron trong ht nhn ca nguyn t A, ln lt l: x, z (x, z > 0). Gi s proton, s ntron trong ht nhn ca nguyn t B ln lt l: y, t (y, t > 0). V cc nguyn t lun trung ha v in nn ta c: s ht electron trong nguyn t A, B ln lt l x, y. S proton v s ntron khng b thay ddooir khi xy ra phn ng ha hc kt hp a nguyn t A vi 1 nguyn B.s dng cc iu kin u bi ra ta c h cc phng trnhbc 1 sau: + Trong phn t AaB c tng s ht (p, n, e) l d1 ht: 2a.x + 2y + a.z + t = d1 (1) + Trong phn t AaB s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l d2 ht: 2a.x + 2y - a.z - t = d2 (2) + S khi ca nguyn t A ln hn s khi ca nguyn t B l d3: x y + z - t = d3 (3) + Tng s ht (p, n, e) trong nguyn t A nhiu hn trong nguyn t B l d4 ht: 2x - 2y + z - t = d4 (4) Gii h (1), (2), (3), (4) thu c:

x = y =

d 1 + d 2 + 4( d 4 d 3 ) 4(a + 1)

x -

(d4 - d3 )

VD1: Trong phn t A2B c tng s ht (p, n, e) l 140 ht, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 44 ht. S khi ca nguyn t A ln hn s khi ca nguyn t B l 23. Tng s ht (p, n, e) trong nguyn t A nhiu hn trong nguyn t B l 34 ht. Vit cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t A, B. Vit cng thc phn t hp cht .
6.1

TH2 : S ht trong c bn trong A nhiu hn trong B: Trong phn t AaBb c tng s ht (p, n, e) l d1 ht, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l d2 ht. S khi ca nguyn t A ln hn s khi ca nguyn t B l d3. Tng s ht (p, n, e) trong nguyn t A nhiu hn trong nguyn t B l d4 ht. Vit cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t A, B. Vit cng thc phn t hp cht . Phng php gii:

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Phn t AaB trung ha v in c to yhnh do s kt hp a nguyn t A v 1 nguyn t B. Gi s proton, s ntron trong ht nhn ca nguyn t A, ln lt l: x, z (x, z > 0). Gi s proton, s ntron trong ht nhn ca nguyn t B ln lt l: y, t (y, t > 0). V cc nguyn t lun trung ha v in nn ta c: s ht electron trong nguyn t A, B ln lt l x, y. S proton v s ntron khng b thay ddooir khi xy ra phn ng ha hc kt hp a nguyn t A vi 1 nguyn B.s dng cc iu kin u bi ra ta c h cc phng trnhbc 1 sau: + Trong phn t AaB c tng s ht (p, n, e) l d1 ht: 2a.x + 2y + a.z + bt = d1 (1) + Trong phn t AaB s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l d2 ht: 2a.x + 2y - a.z - bt = d2 (2) + S khi ca nguyn t A ln hn s khi ca nguyn t B l d3: x y + z - t = d3 (3) + Tng s ht (p, n, e) trong nguyn t A nhiu hn trong nguyn t B l d4 ht: 2x - 2y + z - t = d4 (4) Gii h (1), (2), (3), (4) thu c: X =
d 1 + d 2 + 4b(d 4 d 3 ) 4(a + b)

y
6.2

- (d4 - d3 )

TH1 : S ht trong c ban trong B nhiu hn trong A: Phng php gii: Phn t AaB trung ha v in c to yhnh do s kt hp a nguyn t A v 1 nguyn t B. Gi s proton, s ntron trong ht nhn ca nguyn t A, ln lt l: x, z (x, z > 0). Gi s proton, s ntron trong ht nhn ca nguyn t B ln lt l: y, t (y, t > 0). V cc nguyn t lun trung ha v in nn ta c: s ht electron trong nguyn t A, B ln lt l x, y. S proton v s ntron khng b thay ddooir khi xy ra phn ng ha hc kt hp a nguyn t A vi 1 nguyn B.s dng cc iu kin u bi ra ta c h cc phng trnhbc 1 sau: + Trong phn t AaB c tng s ht (p, n, e) l d1 ht: 2a.x + 2y + a.z + t = d1 (1) + Trong phn t AaB s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l d2 ht: 2a.x + 2y - a.z - t = d2 (2)
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+ S khi ca nguyn t B ln hn s khi ca nguyn t A l d3: -x + y - z + t = d3 (3) + Tng s ht (p, n, e) trong nguyn t B nhiu hn trong nguyn t A l d4 ht: -2x + 2y - z + t = d4 (4) Gii h (1), (2), (3), (4) thu c:

x y
6.2

= = x

d 1 + d 2 4( d 4 d 3 ) 4( a + 1)

(d4 - d3 )

TH2 : S ht trong c ban trong B nhiu hn trong A:

Trong phn t AaBb c tng s ht (p, n, e) l d1 ht, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l d2 ht. S khi ca nguyn t B ln hn s khi ca nguyn t A l d3. Tng s ht (p, n, e) trong nguyn t B nhiu hn trong nguyn t A l d4 ht. Vit cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t A, B. Vit cng thc phn t hp cht . Phng php gii: Phn t AaB trung ha v in c to yhnh do s kt hp a nguyn t A v 1 nguyn t B. Gi s proton, s ntron trong ht nhn ca nguyn t A, ln lt l: x, z (x, z > 0). Gi s proton, s ntron trong ht nhn ca nguyn t B ln lt l: y, t (y, t > 0). V cc nguyn t lun trung ha v in nn ta c: s ht electron trong nguyn t A, B ln lt l x, y. S proton v s ntron khng b thay ddooir khi xy ra phn ng ha hc kt hp a nguyn t A vi 1 nguyn B.s dng cc iu kin u bi ra ta c h cc phng trnhbc 1 sau: + Trong phn t AaB c tng s ht (p, n, e) l d1 ht: 2a.x + 2y + a.z + t = d1 (1) + Trong phn t AaB s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l d2 ht: 2a.x + 2y - a.z - t = d2 (2) + S khi ca nguyn t B ln hn s khi ca nguyn t A l d3: -x + y - z + t = d3 (3) + Tng s ht (p, n, e) trong nguyn t B nhiu hn trong nguyn t A l d4 ht: -2x + 2y - z + t = d4 (4) Gii h (1), (2), (3), (4) thu c:
d 1 + d 2 4b(d 4 d 3 ) 4(a + b)

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(d4 - d3 )

Dng 7: Xc inh tn nguyn t v vit cu hnh electron ca n hoc xc nh s khi ca nguyn t khi bit: TH1 : Tng s electron trn phn lp p l m ht.(m l s cho trc) Phng php gii: V s e t a trn phn lp p khi c lp y l 6 e nn ta vit c di dng: n.6 + a = m dng phong php th cc gi tr ca n sao cho n.6 m ri ly 1 gi tr ca n n.6 l gi tr gn vi m nht ri i xc nh gi tr ca a(sao cho a < 6 ) . khi a l s e cui cng c in vo phn lp p th ( n + 1) > cu hnh e ca nguyn t R > tn R TH1 : Tng s electron trn phn lp s l m ht Phng php gii: V s e t a trn phn lp s khi c lp y l 2 e nn ta vit c di dng: n.2 + 1 = m (nu m l s l) > cn 1 e cui cng c in vo phn lp s th (n + 1). 2.n = m > 2 e cui cng c in vo phn lp s th n. > cu hnh e ca nguyn t R > tn R. Dng 7: Tnh bn knh nguyn t gn ng ca R toC, bit rng t nhit khi lng ring ca R l d g/cm3. gi thit rng trong tinh th cc nguyn t Rl nhng hnh cu chim b% th tch tinh th, phn cn li l khe rng gia cc qu cu. Cho bit nguyn t khi ca R l MR. Phng php gii: Th tch 1 mol nguyn t nguyn t R l:

=
VR =

M R d
V b 23 100 6,02 10 4 3 3

V trong V cha 6,02.1023 nguyn t R => th tch 1 nguyn t R : Mt khc: bn knhnguyn t tnh theo cng thc:
VR =

T suy ra bnh knh nguyn t gn ng ca R. VD1:Tnh bn knh gn ng ca nguyn t canxi, bit th tch ca 1 mol canxi tinh th bng 25,87 cm3. Cho bit: Trong tinh th, cc nguyn t canxi ch chim 74% th tch, cn li l khe trng. Chn cu tr li ng: A. 2,17 . 10-8 dm B. 1,20 . 10-8 cm C. 1,97 . 10-8 cm
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D. 2,17 . 10-8 cm BI TP TNG HP BI TP CHNG NGUYN T PHN T Cu 1.Vit cu hnh e ca Fe, Fe2+, Fe3+ 17 18 12 Cu 2.Oxi c 3 ng v l 16 C v 13C. Xc nh 8 O , 8 O , 8 O . Cacbon c 2 ng v l cc loi phn t CO2 c th to thnh. Tnh M CO2. Cu 3.Hidro c nguyn t khi l 1,008. Hi c bao nhiu nguyn t ca ng v 2H trong 1ml nc ( cho rng trong nc ch c ng v 1H v 2H, cho M H O = 18, khi lng ring ca nc l 1g/ml Cu 4. Trong t nhin ng v 37Cl chim 24,23,% s nguyn t clo.Tnh thnh phn phn trm v khi lng 37Cl c trong HClO4 ( vi hidro l ng v 1H, oxi l ng v 16 O). Cho khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca Clo l 35,5 Cu 5. Nguyn t X c 2 ng v A v B.T l s nguyn t ca 2 ng v A v B l 27: 23. ng v A c 35p v 44n. ng v B nhiu hn ng v A 2 nowtron. Xc nh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X. Cu 6. Tng s ht p, n, e ca nguyn t nguyn t X l 22. Xc nh nguyn t X. Cu 7.Tng s ht p, n, e trong mt nguyn t nguyn t X l 155 trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 33 ht. Xc nh nguyn t X. Cu 8. Tng s ht p, n, e trong mt nguyn t nguyn t X l 115 trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 25 ht. Xc nh nguyn t X. Cu 9.Nguyn t X c tng s ht l 60, trong s ht n bng s ht p. Xc nh nguyn t X. Cu 10. Oxit B c cng thc l X2O. Tng s ht c bn p, n, e trong B l 92, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 28. Xc nh B. Cu 11.Trong t nhin Cu c 2 ng v l 63Cu v 65Cu . Khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca Cu l 63,54. Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca 63Cu trong CuCl2 l bao nhiu ( bit M Cl = 35,5) Cu 12. M l kim loi to ra 2 mui MClx, MCly v 2 oxit MO0,5x, M2Oy. T l v khi lng ca clo trong 2 mui l 1: 1,172, ca oxi trong 2 oxit l 1: 1,35. Xc nh nguyn t khi ca M. Cu 13. Hp cht Y c cng thc M4X3. Bit -Tng s ht trong phn t Y l 214 ht -Ion M3+ c s e bng s e ca ion X4-Tng s ht p, n, e ca nguyn t nguyn t M nhiu hn tng s ht ca nguyn t nguyn t X trong Y l 106. Xc nh hp cht Y Cu 14. Trong t nhin Cu c 2 ng v l 63Cu v 65Cu. Nguyn t trung bnh ca Cu l 63,546. S nguyn t 63Cu c trong 32g Cu l bao nhiu bit NA = 6,022.1023
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Cu 15. Nguyn t X c 3 ng v l X1 chim 92,23%, X2 chim 4,67% v X3 chim 3,1%. Tng s khi ca 3 ng v bng 87. S nowtron trong X2 nhiu hn trong X1 1 ht. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X l 28,0855. Tm X1, X2, X3 Cu 16. Mg c 3 ng v : 24Mg ( 78,99%), 25Mg (10%), 26Mg( 11,01%). a. Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh. b. Gi s trong hn hp ni trn c 50 nguyn t 25Mg, th s nguyn t tng ng ca 2 ng v cn li l bao nhiu. Cu 17. Trong t nhin Clo c 2 ng v l 35Cl v 37Cl c nguyn t khi trung bnh l 35,5. Tnh s nguyn t ca ng v 37Cl, trong 3,65g HCl. Cu 18. Trong t nhin Brom c 2 ng v l 79Br v 81Br c nguyn t khi trung bnh l 79,92. Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca 81Br trong NaBr l bao nhiu. Cho MNa = 23 Cu 19. Tnh bn knh nguyn t gn ng ca nguyn t Au 200C bit nhit khi lng ring ca vng l 19,32g/em3 vi gi thit trong tinh th cc nguyn t Au l nhng hnh cu chim 75% th tch tinh th, phn cn li l khe rng. Cho khi lng nguyn t ca Au l 196,97. Cu 20. Tnh bn knh nguyn t gn ng ca nguyn t Fe 200C bit nhit khi lng ring ca Fe l 7,87g/em3 vi gi thit trong tinh th cc nguyn t Fe l nhng hnh cu chim 74% th tch tinh th, phn cn li l khe rng. Cho khi lng nguyn t ca Fe l 55,85. Cu 21. Tnh bn knh nguyn t gn ng ca nguyn t Ca bit V ca mt nguyn t gam Ca bng 25,87 em3. Bit trong tinh th cc nguyn t Ca chim 74% th tch, cn li l khe rng. Cu 22. Nguyn t khi ca B l 10,81. B gm 2 ng v 10B v 11B. C bao nhiu phn trm ng v 11B trong axit boric H3BO3. Cu 23.Hp cht A c cng thc l Mxa trong M chim 46,67% v khi lng. M l kim loi, X l phi kim chu k 3. Trong ht nhn M c n- p = 4, ca X c n = p, , trong n, n, p, p, l s nowtron v s proton. Tng s proton trong Mxa l 58. Xc nh tn, s khi ca M, s TT ca nguyn t X trong bng tun hon. Vit cu hnh e ca X. Cu 24. : Hp cht Z c to bi hai nguyn t M, R c cng thc MaRb trong R chim 6.667% khi lng . Trong ht nhn nguyn t M c n=p + 4, cn trong ht nhn ca R c n , = p , , trong n, p, n,, p , l s ntron v proton tng ng ca M v R. Bit rng tng s ht proton trong phn t Z bng 84 v a+b =4. Tm cng thc phn t ca Z. Cu 25. Mt hp cht B c to bi mt kim loi ha tr 2 v mt phi kim ha tr 1. Tng s ht trong phn t B l 290. Tng s ht khng mang in l 110, hiu s ht khng mang in gia phi kim v kim loi trong B l 70. T l s ht mang in ca kim loi so vi phi kim trong B l 2: 7. Tm A, Z ca kim loi v phi kim trn. Cu 26. Mt hp cht ion cu to t ion M2+ v ion X-. Tng s gt p, n, e trong phn t MX2 l 186 ht, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 54 ht.
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S khi ca ion M2+ nhiu hn nhiu hn trong X- l 21 ht. Tng s ht p, n, e trong M2+ nhiu hn trong X- l 27 ht. Xc nh v tr ca M, X trong bng tun hon, Cu 27. Mt hp cht ion cu to t ion M+ v ion X2-.Trong phn t M2X c tng s ht l 140 ht, trong ht mang in nhiu hn ht khng mang in l 44 ht. S khi ca ion M+ nhiu hn ion X2- l 23. Tng s ht trong M+ nhiu hn trong X2- l 31 a. Vit cu hnh e ca X2- v M+ b. Xc nh v tr ca M v X trong bng HTTH. Cu 28. Tng s p, n, e trong nguyn t ca 2 nguyn t M v X ln lt l 82 v 52. M v X to thnh hp cht Mxa, trong phn t ca hp cht tng s proton ca cc nguyn t bng 77. Hy vit cu hnh e ca M v X t xc nh v tr ca chng trong bng HTTH. CTPT ca Mxa. Cu 29. X, Y, R, A, B theo th t l 5 nguyn t lin tip trong HTTH c tng s in tch ht nhn l 90 ( X c in tch ht nhn nh nht ) a. Xc nh s in tch ht nhn ca X, Y, R, A, B, gi tn cc nguyn t . b. Vit cu hnh e ca X2-, Y-, R, A+, B2+. So snh bn knh ca chng. Cu 30.Trong t nhin nguyn t Clo c 2 ng v 35Cl v 37Cl c phn trm s lng tng ng l 75% v 25%. Nguyn t Cu c 2 ng v trong 63Cu chim 73% s lng. Bit Cu v Cl to c hp cht CuCl2 trong Cu chim 47,228% khi lng. Xc nh ng v th 2 ca Cu. Cu 31.Phn t X c cng thc abc. Tng s ht mang in v khng mang in trong phn t X l 82. Trong dod s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 22, hiu s khi gia b v c gp 10 ln s khi ca a, tng s khi gia b v c gp 27 ln s khi ca a. Tm CTPT ng ca X . 2 Cu 32. Mt hp cht c to thnh t cc ion M+ v X 2 . Trong phn t M2X2 c tng s ht p, n, e bng 164, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 52. S khi ca M nhiu hn s khi ca X l 23. Tng s ht p, n, e trong ion 2 M+ nhiu hn trong ion X 2 l 7 ht a. Xc nh cc nguyn t M, X v cng thc phn t M2X2 b. Cho hp cht M2X2 tc dng vi nc. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra v trnh by phng php ha hc nhn bit sn phm. Cu 33: X v Y l 2 phi kim. Trong nguyn t X v Y c tng s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in ln lt l 14 v 16. Hp cht Z c cng thc l XYnc c im l: + X chim 15,0486 % v khi lng + Tng s proton l 100 + Tng s ntron l 106 Cu 34: Cho H c 3 ng v 1H1, 1H2, 1H3 vi t l % tng ng l:99,1%; 0,6%; 0,3% O c 3 ng v 8O16, 8O17, 8O18 vi t l % tng ng l: 97,3%; 2%; 0,7%. C bao nhiu phn t H2O c to thnh t cc ng v trn?
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Nu cho mt mol phn t H2O hp th vo bnh P2O5 thy khi lng bnh tng m gam, tinh m Cu 35:Cho tng s ht p, n, e trong phn t MX2 l 178 ht, trong hy nhn ca M s nowtron nhiu hn s proton 4 ht, cn trong ht nhn ca X s nowtron bng s proton. S proton trong ht nhn ca M nhiu hn s proton trong ht nhn ca X l 10 ht. Xc nh cng thc ca MX2. Cu 36: Hp cht M2X c tng s cc ht trong phn t l 116, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 36. Khi lng nguyn t X nhiu hn M l 9. Tng s ht p, n, e trong X2- nhiu hn trong M+ l 17 ht. Xc nh s khi ca M v X. Cu 37: Tng s ht p, n, e trong phn t MX3 l 196, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60. Khi lng nguyn t ca X ln hn ca M l 8. Tng s ht p, n, e trong X- nhiu hn trong M3+ l 16. Xc nh M v X. BNG H THNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T HA HC Cu 1: Cc nguyn t no c cu hnh e lp ngoi cng l 4s1. Tm v tr cc nguyn t trong bng HTTH. Cu 2: Hy sp xp c gii thch cc ht vi m cho di y theo chiu gim dn bn knh ht: Rb+ (z=37), Y3+( z=36), Br_ (z=35), Se2- (z=34), Sr2+(z=38) -Cho cc ht vi m: Na, Na+, Mg, Mg2+, Al, Al3+, F-, O2-. Sp xp cc nguyn t theo chiu gim dn bn knh ht. Cu 3:Mt nguyn t R c hp cht kh vi H l RH3. Oxit cao nht ca R cha 43,66% khi lng ca R a. Xc nh nguyn t R. b. Cho 28,4g oxit trn ha tan vo 80 ml dd NaOH 25% ( d=1,28). Tnh C% ca dd mui sau phn ng. Cu 4: A, B l hai nguyn t cng mt phn nhm v thuc 2 chu k lin tip trong bng HTTH. Tng s proton trong hai ht nhn nguyn t A, B bng 32. Hy vit cu hnh e ca A, B v cc ion m A, B c th to thnh. Cu 5: Hai nguyn t A v B hai phn nhm chnh lin tip trong HTTH. B thuc nhm VA. trng thi n cht , A v B khng phn ng vi nhau. Tng s p trong ht nhn nguyn t A v B l 23. a.Vit cu hnh e ca A, B b.T cc n cht A, B v cc ha cht cn thit, hy vit cc PTPU iu ch 2 axit trong A v B c s oxi ha dng cao nht. Cu 6: Hai nguyn t A v B hai phn nhm chnh lin tip trong HTTH. A thuc nhm VIA. trng thi n cht , A v B phn ng vi nhau. Tng s p trong ht nhn nguyn t A v B l 25.Vit cu hnh e ca A v B. Xc nh v tr ca A v B trong bng tun hon.

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Cu 7: : Hai nguyn t A v B cng phn nhm chnh trong HTTH v thuc 2 chu k lin tip trong HTTH. B v D l hai nguyn t k cn nhau trong cng mt chu k. a. Nguyn t A c 6e lp ngoi cng. Hp cht X ca A vi H cha 11,1% H. Xc nh phn t lng ca X suy ra A, B. b. Hp cht Y c cng thc AD2 trong 2 nguyn t A v D u t c cu bn ca kh him. Xc nh tn ca D. c. Hp cht Z gm 3 nguyn t B, A, D c t l khi lng mA: mB: mD = 1: 1: 2,2. Hn hp gm 2 lit hi ca Y v mt lit hi ca Z c d/H2 = 51,5. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca Z. Cu 8:Hp cht X c to bi 2 nguyn t A, B v c khi lng phn t l 76. A v B c s oxi ha cao nht trong cc oxit l +nO v +mO v c s oxi ha m trong cc hp cht vi H l nH v mH tha mn cc iu kin n = n v m = 3 m . Hy thit lp cng thc phn t ca X. Bit rng A c s oxi ha cao nht trong X. Cu 9: Hp cht M c to nn t cation X+ v anion Y3-, mi ion u do 5 nguyn t ca hai nguyn t phi kim to nn. Bit tng s proton trong X+ l 11 v trong Y3- l 47. Hai nguyn t trong Y3- thuc 2 chu k lin tip trong bng tun hon v c s th t cch nhau 7 n v. a.Hy xc nh CTPT ca M. b. M t bn cht cc lin kt trong phn t M. Bai 10 : Hp cht khi cua nguyn t R vi hidro co cng thc la RH 3 . Trong oxit cao nht cua R , oxi chim 56.34 % v khi lng. - Xac inh tn nguyn t R va cng thc ca hp cht trn. A. NH3 B. PH3 C. BiH3 d. gi tr khc - Vit phng trinh iu ch axit cua R ng vi hoa tri cao nht t R. Cu 11 : Mt hp cht khi cua mt nguyn t phi kim R vi hiro co cng thc la RH3 . Trong oxit cao nht , no chim 25.926 % v khi lng . a) Xac inh nguyn t R va cng thc oxit cao nht ca R: A. N2O5 B. P2O5 C. Bi2O5 d. gi tr khc b) Vit phng trinh iu ch axit M trong o R co hoa tri cao nht t R. Cu 12 : Mt hp cht khi cua mt nguyn t phi kim R vi hiro co cng thc la RH . Trong oxit cao nht cua no, oxi chim 61.202 % v khi lng . b) Xac inh nguyn t R va cng thc cua hp cht trn. A. HCl b. HBr C. HF D. HI c) Vit phng trinh iu ch axit RH t mui natri ca R. Cu 13: Nguyn t X l phi kim thuc chu k 2 ca bng h thng tun hon, X to c hp cht kh vi hiro v c cng thc oxit cao nht l XO2. Nguyn t X to vi kim loi M hp cht c cng thc M 3X, trong M chim 93,33% v khi lng. M l
O H O H

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A. Mg B. Zn C. Fe D. Cu Cu 14: Nguyn t R c ho tr trong oxit bc cao nht bng ho tr trong hp cht kh vi hiro. Phn t khi ca oxit ny bng 1,875 ln phn t khi hp cht kh vi hiro. R l nguyn t no sau y A. Cacbon B. Silic C. Lu hunh D. Nit Cu 15: Hai nguyn t X, Y c hiu in tch ht nhn gia X v Y l 16. Phn t Z gm 5 nguyn t ca hai nguyn t X v Y c 72 proton. Cng thc phn t ca Z l: A. Cr2O3 B. Cr3O2 C. Al2O3 D. Fe2O3 3+ Bai 16 : Mt cation X c tng s ht l 79 trong s ht mng in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 19. K hiu ha hc ca cation trn l: a. Al3+ b. Fe3+ c. Cr3+ d. gi tr khc Bai 17: Tng s hat proton, ntron, electron cua hai nguyn t A va B la 76 trong o s hat mang in nhiu hn s hat khng mang in la 24. S khi cua A nho hn cua B la 3. Tng s hat cua A nho hn cua B la 4. Tn cua A, B l: a. Mg v Al b. Na v Si c. Ca v Mg d. Na v Fe Bai 18 ( thi H Khi B 2003 ).Tng s hat proton, ntron, electron trong 2 nguyn t kim loai A va B la 142, trong o tng s hat mang in nhiu hn tng s hat khng mang in la 42. S hat mang in cua B nhiu hn cua A la 12. Tn ca 2 kim loai A va B l: a. Mg v Al b. Na v Fe c. Ca v Mg d. Ca v Fe Bai 19 Khi lng phn t ca 3 mui RCO3, RCO3, RCO3 lp thnh 1 cp s cng vi cng sai bng 16. Tng s ht proton, ntron ca ba ht nhn nguyn t ba nguyn t trn l 120. *Ba nguyn t trn l: A. Mg, Ca, Fe B. Be, Mg, Ca C. Be, Cu, Sr D. Mg, Ca, Cu E. Tt c u khng xc nh c Cu 20: Y l phi kim thuc chu k 3 ca bng HTTH, Y to c hp cht kh vi hirov cng thc oxit cao nht l YO3 Y: to hp cht (A) c cng thc MY2 trong M chim 46,67% v khi lng M l: A.Mg B.Zn C.Fe D.Cu E. Cu 21: Hroxit cao nht ca mt nguyn t R c dng HRO 4. R cho hp cht kh vi hiro cha 2,74% hiro theo khi lng. R l nguyn t no sau y A. Phot pho B. Clo C. Brm D. Ioi
BI TP CHNG NGUYN T - HTTH Cng Thng Tin Ha Hc Vit Nam 25 Ti Liu S - TT. Hc Liu Ha Hc

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Bi 1: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu to bi 115 ht. Trong , ht mang in nhiu hn ht khng mang in l 25 ht. Vit cu hnh ca nguyn t ? HD: 2Z + N = 115 v 2Z N = 25. Mc nng lng : 1s2s2p3s3p4s3d4p5s Bi 2: Tng s ht trong nguyn t mt nguyn t l 13. Xc nh tn nguyn t. Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t . Bi 3: Mt nguyn t R c tng s ht l 34, trong s ht mang in nhiu gp 1,8333 ln s ht khng mang in. Tm s ht p, n, e v s khi ca R? Bi 4: Mt nguyn t X c tng s ht l 62 v c s khi nh hn 43. Tm s p,n v khi lng mol nguyn t? Bi 5: Mt nguyn t R c tng s ht l 52. Xc nh nguyn t khi ca nguyn t ? Bi 6: R c 2 loi ng v l R1 v R2. Tng s ht trong R1 l 54 ht v trong R2 l 52 ht. Bit R1 chim 25% v R2 chim 75%. Tnh khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca R. 35 37 Bi 7: Cho bit khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca Clo l 35,5. Clo c 2 ng v l 17 Cl v 17 Cl. Hm lng % ca 37 17 Cl l bao nhiu? Bi 8: Agon tch t khng kh l mt hn hp ca 3 ng v 40 Ar (99,6%); 38 Ar (0,063%); 36 Ar(0,337%). Tnh th tch ca 20 gam Agon ktc? 79 81 Bi 9: Tm nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Br, bit trong t nhin c 2 ng v 35 Br(54,5%) v 35 Br (45,5%)? Bi 10: Nguyn t R c tng s ht l 115 v c s khi l 80. Tm in tch ht nhn ca R? Bi 11: Hy xc nh in tch ht nhn, s p, s e ca nguyn t cc nguyn t sau? 7 18 40 24 23 3 Li; 9 F; 20 Ca; 12 Mg; 11 Na 3Bi 12: Trong anion X tng s ht l 111, s e bng 48% s khi. Tm s p, n, e v s khi ca X3-? Bi 13: Tng s ht trong nguyn t R l 76, s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 20. Tm s p, n, e v s in tch ht nhn ca R? Bi 14: Tnh bn knh gn ng ca nguyn t Ca, bit th tch mt nguyn t gam canxi bng 25,87cm3. (Trong tinh th, cc nguyn t Ca ch chim 74% th tch, cn li l cc khe trng) Bi 15: a) Mt cation R3+ c tng s ht l 37. T s ht e i vi n l 5/7. Tm s p, e, n trong R3+? b) Nguyn t X c s khi nh hn 36 v tng s cc ht l 52. Tm cc s p, n, e v cho bit X l g? Bi 16: Hn hp hai ng v c nguyn t khi trung bnh l 40,08. Hai ng v ny c s n hn km nhau l 2. ng v c s khi nh hn chim 96% v ng v c s khi ln chim 4%. Tm s khi mi ng v? Bi 17: C bao nhiu nguyn t Hidro trong 0,46g C2H5OH? Bi 18: Nguyn t X c 2 ng v vi t l s nguyn t l 27/23. Ht nhn nguyn t X c 35p. ng v th nht c 44 ntron. ng v th hai c nhiu hn ng v th nht 2 ntron. Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X? Bi 19: Bit rng nguyn t st gm 26p, 39n, 26e. a. Tnh khi lng e c trong 1 kg st? b. Tnh khi lng st cha 1 kg electron? Bi 20: Mt nguyn t X gm hai ng v l X1 v X2. ng v X1 c tng s ht l 18. ng v X2 c tng s ht l 20. Bit rng % cc ng v trong X bng nhau v cc ht trong X1 cng bng nhau. Xc nh khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca X? Bi 21: Nguyn t nhm c bn knh 1,43 A0 v c khi lng nguyn t l 27 .v.C. Cng Thng Tin Ha Hc Vit Nam 25 Ti Liu S - TT. Hc Liu Ha Hc

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a. Tnh khi lng ring ca nguyn t Al? b. Trong thc t, th tch tht chim bi cc nguyn t ch 74% ca tinh th, cn li l cc khe R3 trng. nh khi lng ring ng ca Al. Bit th tch hnh cu: V = 4 3 Bi 22: 63 65 63 65 a. ng trong thin nhin gm hai loi ng v l 29 Cu v 29 Cu vi t s 29 Cu: 29 Cu = 105:245. Tnh khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca Cu? b. Mg c hai ng v l X v Y. ng v X c khi lng nguyn t l 24. ng v Y nhiu hn X 1 notron. Tnh khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca Mg, bit s nguyn t trong hai ng v t l X:Y = 3:2. Bi 23: Nguyn t X c tng s ht l 49, trong s ht mang ing bng 53,125% s ht mang in. Tm s khi v in tch ht nhn? Bi 24: Nguyn t X c bn knh 1,28A0 v khi lng ring l 7,89 g/cm3. Bit rng cc nguyn t ch chim 74% th tch, cn li l cc khe trng. Tnh khi lng mol nguyn t ca X? Bi 25: Bn knh nguyn t v khi lng mol nguyn t Fe ln lt l 1,28A0 v 56g/mol. Tnh khi lng ring ca Fe. Bit rng trong tinh th, cc tinh th Fe chim 74%, th tch cn li l phn rng? Bi 26: Nguyn t Au c bn knh v khi lng mol nguyn t ln lt l 1,44A0 v 197g/mol. Bit khi lng ring ca Au l 19,36g/cm3. Hi cc nguyn t Au chim bao nhiu % th tch trong tinh th? Bi 27: Mt hn hp gm hai ng v c s khi trung bnh 31,1 v t l % ca cc ng v ny l 90% v 10%. Tng s ht trong hai ng v l 93 v s ht khng mang in bng 0,35 ln s ht mang in. Tm s Z v s notron ca mi ng v? Bi 28: Tng s ht trong nguyn t R l 155, s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 33. Tm s p, n, e v s in tch ht nhn ca R? Bi 29: Tng s ht trong nguyn t R l 21. Tm s p, n, e v s in tch ht nhn ca R? Bi 30: Tng s ht trong nguyn t R l 115, s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 25. Tm s p, n, e v s in tch ht nhn ca R? Bi 31: Tng s ht trong nguyn t R l 36, s ht mang in l 24. Tm s p, n, e v s in tch ht nhn ca R? Bi 32: Tng s ht trong nguyn t R l 34. - Cho bit s hiu nguyn t v s khi ca nguyn t? - Vit cu hnh e ca nguyn t ? - Cho bit nguyn t l kim loi hay phi kim? Bi 34: Vit cu hnh e nguyn t cc nguyn t c Z = 8; Z = 16; Z = 36; Z = 28. a. Cho bit s e, s lp e, s e lp ngoi cng? b. Cho bit cc nguyn t l kim loi hay phi kim? Bi 35: Hy vit cu hnh e y v cho bit s hiu nguyn t ca cc nguyn t c cu hnh e ngoi cng nh sau: a. 2s1 b. 2s22p3 c. 2s22p6 d. 3s2 e. 3s23p1 f. 3s23p4 g. 3s23p5 h. 3d34s2 2+ 3+ 2Bi 36: Vit cu hnh e ca Fe, Fe ; fe ; S; S bit Fe th 26 v s ca S l 16 trong bng tun hon? Bi 37: Cation R+ c cu hnh e phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6 a. Vit cu hnh e nguyn t ca nguyn t R? b. Vit s phn b e vo cc obitan nguyn t? Bi 38: Cho 5,9 gam mui NaX tc dng ht vi dung dch AgNO3 thu c 14,4g kt ta. a. Xc nh nguyn t khi ca X v vit cu hnh e? b. Nguyn t X c hai ng v bn, xc nh s khi ca mi ng v, bit rng: 25

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- % ca cc ng v bng nhau. - ng v th nht c n notron v ng v th 2 c n+2 notron. Bi 39: Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X c s e mc nng lng cao nht l 4p5. T s gia s ht mang in v khng mang in l 0,6429. Tm s in tch ht nhn v s khi ca X? Bi 40: cu hnh e ngoi cng ca mt nguyn t l 5p5. T l s notron v in tch ht nhn bng 1,3962. S notron trong nguyn t X gp 3,7 ln s notron ca nguyn t Y. Khi cho 1,0725g Y tc dng vi lng d X thu c 4,565 gam sn phm c cng thc XY. a. Vit cu hnh e y ca X? b. Xc nh s hiu nguyn t, s khi, tn gi ca X, Y? c. X, Y cht no l kim loi, l phi kim? Bi 41: cho dung dch cha 8,19g mui NaX tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 thu c 20,09g kt ta. a. Xc nh nguyn t khi, gi tn X, vit cu hnh e? b. X c hai ng v t nhin, trong ng v th nht c s nguyn t nhiu hn ng v th hai l 50%. Ht nhn ng v th nht t hn ht nhn ng v th hai l 2 notron. Xc nh s khi ca mi ng v? Bi 42: X l kim loi ha tr II. Cho 6,082 gam X tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl d thu c 5,6 lt kh H2 ktc. a. Tm nguyn t khi ca X v cho bit tn ca X? b. Vit cu hnh e ca X? Bi 43: Vit k hiu ca cc nguyn t A, B, E, F bit: a. Nguyn t A c tng s ht c bn l 24, s ht khng mang in chim 33,33%? b. Nguyn t B c tng s ht c bn l 34, s n nhiu hn s p mt ht? c. Nguyn t E c tng s ht c bn l 18, s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 6 ht? d. Nguyn t F c s khi l 207, s ht mang in m l 82? Bi 44: Cho hp cht MX2. Trong phn t MX2, tng s ht c bn l 140 v s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 44. S khi ca X ln hn s khi ca M l 11. Tng s ht c bn trong X nhiu hn trong M l 16. xc nh k hiu nguyn t M, X v cng thc phn t MX2? Bi 45: Nguyn t vng (Au) c bn knh v khi lng mol ln lt l 1,44A0 v 1,97g/mol. Hi cc tinh th vng chim bao nhiu % th tch trong tinh th, bit khi lng ring thc ca Vng l 19,36g/cm3? Bi 46: Mt hp cht M2X. Tng s ht trong M2X l 140 ht, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 44. S khi ca ion M+ ln hn s khi ca ion X2- l 13. Tng s ht c bn trong ion M+ nhiu hn trong ion X2- l 31. a. Vit cu hnh e ca cc ion M+; X2- v nguyn t M? b. Xc nh cng thc phn t MX2? Bi 47: Cho hp cht MX3. Trong phn t MX3, tng s ht c bn l 196 v s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60. S ht mang in trong nguyn t M t hn s ht mang in trong nguyn t X l 16 ht. a. Xc nh hp cht MX3? b. Vit cu hnh e ca M v X? Bi 48: Khi cho 10,12g natri kim loi tc dng hon ton vi mt phi kim B th thu c 45,32 gam mui natri. a. Tm khi lng mol ca B v tn gi ca B? b. Bit B c hai ng v l A2 B v A1 B trong A1 B chim 50% v s nguyn t khi v s khi A1 ln hn s khi A2 l 2 n v. - Tm cc s khi A1, A2. Cng Thng Tin Ha Hc Vit Nam 25 Ti Liu S - TT. Hc Liu Ha Hc

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- Vit phn ng ca B vi Na, Zn, Cu, P? Bi 49: Nguyn t R c tng s ht trong nguyn t l 52, s ht khng mang in gp 1,059 ln s ht mang in dng. Xc nh v tr ca R trong bng HTTH? Bi 50: Tng s ht c bn trong nguyn t ca mt nguyn t l 34. a. Xc nh khi lng nguyn t ca nguyn t ? b. Vit cu hnh e ca nguyn t ? c. Nguyn t l kim loi hay phi kim? d. Cho bit v tr ca nguyn t trong bng HTTH? Bi 51: X l kim loi c ha tr II. Ha tan hon ton 6,082g X vo dung dch HCl d thu c 5,6 lt H2 ktc. a. Tm khi lng nguyn t v tn nguyn t X. b. X c 3 ng v, bit tng s khi 3 ng v l 75. S khi ca ng v th nh bng trung bnh cng s khi hai ng v kia. ng v th nht c s p bng s notron. ng v th 3 chim 11,4% s nguyn t v c s notron nhiu hn ng v th hai l 1 n v. - Tm s khi v s notron ca mi ng v? - Tm % v s nguyn t 2 ng v cn li? c. Mi khi c 50 nguyn t ca ng v th nh th c bao nhiu nguyn t cc ng v cn li? Bi 52: C 3 ng v ca nguyn t X, m tng s ht trong 3 nguyn t ng v l 75. Trong ng v 1, s p bng s n, ng v 2 c s n km thua ng v 3 l 1. a. Xc nh s khi ca mi ng v? b. Trong X, s nguyn t ca cc ng v th nht, 2, 3 ln lt theo t l 115:3:2. Tm khi lng mol trung bnh ca X? Bi 53: Nguyn t X c s ht khng mang in bng 53,125 s ht mang in v tng ht l 49. Nguyn t Y c s ht mang in ln hn s ht khng mang in l 8 v s ht khng mang in bng 52,63% s khi. Tm s p,n, nguyn t khi v xc nh X, Y? Bi 54: Nguyn t nguyn t X c s e mc nng lng cao nht l 4p5, t s gia s ht khng mang in v s ht mang in l 0,6429. a. Tm s in tch ht nhn, s ko6i1 ca X? b. Nguyn t nguyn t R c s notron bng 57,143% s p ca X. Khi cho R tc dng vi X th thu c hp cht RX2 c khi lng gp 5 ln khi lng R phn ng. Vit cu hnh e nguyn t ca R v phn ng gia R vi X? Bi 55: Cho 7,2 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi kim th thuc 2 chu k lin tip tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thy thot ra kh B. Cho kh B hp th ht vo dung dch Ba(OH)2 d thu c 15,76g kt ta. Xc nh 2 mui cacbonat v tnh thnh phn % ca chng? Bi 56: Cho 3,1 gam hn hp 2 kim loi kim hai chu k lin tip tc dng ht vi nc, ta thu c 1,12 lt kh dktc. Xc nh 2 kim loi v % theo khi lng ca chng trong hh? Bi 57: Ha tan 2,84gam hh hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi kim th thuc 2 chu k lin tip tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch A v kh B. C cn dd A thu c 3,17g mui khan. a. Tnh th tch kh B ktc? b. Xc nh tn hai kim loi? Bi 58: Khi cho 3,33 gam mt kim loi kim tc dng vi nc th c 0,48g hidro thot ra. Hy cho bit tn kim loi kin ? Bi 59: Khi cho 0,6 gam mt kim loi thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II tc dng vi nc th c 0,336 lt kh hidro thot ra ktc. Gi tn kim loi ? Bi 60: cho 2 nguyn t kim loi hai chu k lin tip v u thuc phn nhm chnh nhm IIA ca bng HTTH. Bit rng 4,4gam hh hai kim loi ny tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th thu c 3,36 lt kh H2 ktc. Xc nh tn hai kim loi ? Cng Thng Tin Ha Hc Vit Nam 25 Ti Liu S - TT. Hc Liu Ha Hc

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Bi 61: Hai nguyn t A, B ng k tip nhau trong cng mt chu k ca bng HTTH c tng s in tch ht nhn l 25. Xc nh v tr ca A, B trong bng HTTH? Bi 62: Ha tan hon ton 17 gam hh hai kim loi kim A, B thuc hai chu k lin tip nhau vo nc c 6,72 lt kh ktc. Xc nh tn hai kim loi kim v thnh phn % v khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hh? Bi 63: Ha tan hon ton 20 gam hh hai kim loi kim th A, B thuc hai chu k lin tip vo dd HCl d thu c 15,68 lt k ktc. Xc nh tn hai kim loi kim th v thnh phn % v khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hh? Bi 64: Ha tan hon ton 14,2g hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A, B lin tip nhau trong nhm IIA bng lng va dd H2SO4. Sau p thu c 3,36 lt kh ktc. Xc nh CTPT ca hai mui v % v k.l ca mi mui trong hh? Bi 65: nguyn t nguyn t X c s khi nh hn 36 v tng s ht c bn l 52. Tm s p, n v suy ra X? Bi 66: Hn hp hai ng v c nguyn t khi trung bnh l 40,08. hai ng v ny c s n hn km nhau l 2. ng v c s khi nh hn chim 96%, cn li l % cc nguyn t c s khi ln hn. Xc nh s khi ca mi ng v? Bi 67: Mt nguyn t R c tng s ht l 95, trong s ht khng mang in bng 0,5833 s ht mang in. Tm s ht p, n, e v s khi ca R? Bi 68: Mt nguyn t R c tng s cc ht l 115. S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mng in l 25 ht. Tnh s p, s khi v xc nh v tr ca trong bng HTTH ri gi tn R? Bi 69: Mt s nguyn t c cu hnh e nh sau: a. 1s22s22p1 b. 1s22s22p6 c. 1s22s22p63s23p5 d. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s2 e. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p1 xc nh v tr ca chng trong bng HTTH. Nguyn t no l kim loi? phi kim? Kh him? Bi 70: Vit cu hnh e cc nguyn t c s th t: 19, 35, 52, 24, 83 v cho bit v tr ca chng trong bng HTTH? Tnh kim loi, phi kim ca mi nguyn t? Bi 71: Ha tan 28,4 gam 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr II bng dung dch HCl d thu c 6,72 lt kh ktc v dd A. a. Tnh khi lng mui c trong dd A? b. Xc nh hai kim loi, bit chng hai chu k lin tip nhau trong phn nhm chnh nhm II? c. Tnh % theo k.l mi mui trong hh u? Bi 72: em m gam hh hai kim loi kim tc dng vi HCl d thu c 2,24 lt kh thot ra ktc. C cn sn phm thu c 11,7 gam mui khan. a. Tnh m? b. Xc nh tn hai kim loi kim v khi lng tng kim loi, bit chng cch nhau 1 chu k trong bng HTTH? Bi 73: Tng s ht p, n, e ca nguyn t mt nguyn t thuc phn nhm chnh nhm VII l 28. a. Tnh khi lng nguyn t? b. Vit cu hnh e? Bi 74: Cho A v B l 2 nguyn t thuc cng phn nhm v 2 chu k lin tip nhau trong HTTH. Tng s p trong 2 ht nhn nguyn t A v B l 32. Xc nh tn A, B v vit cu hnh e ca chng? Bi 75: A v B l 2 nguyn t lin tip nhau trong cng mt chu k. Tng s p trong hai ht nhn l 49. Vit cu hnh e v xc nh v tr ca A, B trong bng HTTH? Bi 76: X v Y l 2 nguyn t thuc cng 1 nhm v hai chu k lin tip nhau trong bng HTTH. Tng s ht p trong 2 ht nhn ca 2 nguyn t X v Y l 30. Vit cu hnh e ca X, Y? Bi 77: Hp cht c cng thc MX2 trong chim 46,67% v khi lng. Trong ht nhn M c s n nhiu hn s p l 4 ht. Trong ht nhn X c s n bng s p. Tng s p trong MX2 l 58. a. Tm s khi ca M v X? Cng Thng Tin Ha Hc Vit Nam 25 Ti Liu S - TT. Hc Liu Ha Hc

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b. Xc nh CTPT ca MX2? Bi 78: Mt hp cht B c to bi mt kim loi ha tr II v mt phi kim ha tr I. Tng s ht trong phn t B l 290. Tng s ht khng mang in l 110. Hiu s ht khng mang in gia phi kim v kim loi l 70. T l s ht mang din ca kim loi so vi phi kim trong B l 2/7. Tm A, Z ca kim loi v phi kim trn? Bi 79: Mt nguyn t gm 2 ng v c s nguyn t t l vi nhau l 27:23. ht nhn ng v th nht cha 35p v 44n. ht nhn ng v 2 cha nhiu hn 2n. Xc nh khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca nguyn t trn? Bi 80: cho 0,345 gam mt kim loi c ha tr khng i tc dng vi nc thu c 168ml kh H2 ktc. Tm tn kim loi v v tr ca n trong bng HTTH? Bi 81: Ha tan mt oxit kim loi ha tr II bng mt lng va dd H2SO4 10% thu c dd mui c nng 15,17%. Tm cng thc ca oxit kim loi ? Bi 82: Oxit cao nht ca mt nguyn t ng vi cng thc R2O5. Hp cht ca n vi hidro l 1 cht c thnh phn khi lng l 82,35%R v 17,65% H. Tm nguyn t ? Bi 83: Oxit cao nht ca mt nguyn t ng vi cng thc RO3. Trong hp cht ca n vi hidro c 5,88% H v khi lng. Tm nguyn t ? Bi 84: Hp cht kh vi H ca mt nguyn t ng vi cng thc RH4. Oxit cao nht ca n cha 53,3%O. Gi tn nguyn t ? Bi 85: Hp cht kh vi H ca mt nguyn t ng vi cng thc RH3. Oxit cao nht ca n cha 25,93%R. Gi tn nguyn t ? Bi 86: Cho cc nguyn t A, B, C, D c s hiu nguyn t ln lt l 3, 11, 12, 13. Xc nh v tr ca chng trong bng HTTH v sp xp chng theo chiu tnh kim loi tng dn? Bi 87: Cho cc nguyn t A, B, C, D c s hiu nguyn t ln lt l 6, 9, 14, 17. Xc nh v tr ca chng trong bng HTTH v sp xp chng theo chiu tnh phi kim loi tng dn? Bi 88: Cho bit R c Z = 35. - Xc nh v tr ca R trong bng HTTH, CT oxit cao nht, hidroxit cao nht, hp cht vi H v tnh cht ca cc hp cht ny? - So snh tnh cht ca hp cht ca R vi cc hp cht ca 2 nguyn t trn v di R trong cng nhm. Bi 89: Cho X (Z = 15); Y (Z = 20); M (Z = 25) Xc nh cu hnh e, v tr cc nguyn t => Tnh kim loi, phi kim, cng thc oxit cao nht v hidroxit tng ng; cng thc hp cht vi Hidro? Bi 90: Oxit ca 1 nguyn t nhm IIB cha 19,75% v khi lng. Hy xc nh tn nguyn t v vit cu hnh e nguyn t ca nguyn t ? Bi 91: Oxit ca mt nguyn t ng vi cng thc l R2O5. Hp cht ca nguyn t vi H c 8,82% H v khi lng. Xc nh R? Bi 92: M thuc nhm IIIA. Trong oxit bc cao nht ca M, oxi chim 47,05% khi lng. x thuc nhm VIA, trong oxit bc cao nht, X chim 40% v khi lng. Xc nh tn ca nguyn t M v X. Vit CTPT ca cc oxit trn? Bi 93: Trong oxit bc cao nht ca R (thuc nhm A) Oxi chim 56,338% v khi lng. Xc nh CTPT ca oxit trn? Bi 94: Hp cht ion c to bi cc ion M2+ v X2-. Bit rng trong phn t MX tng s ht l 84. S n v s p trong ht nhn nguyn t M v X bng nhau. S khi ca X2- ln hn s khi ca M2+ l 8. a. Vit cu hnh e ca M2+; X2-; ? b. Xc nh v tr ca M v X trong bng HTTH? Bi 95: Mt nguyn t R c tng s cc ht l 48. a. Cho bit tn v xc nh v tr ca Rtrong bng HTTH?

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b. Vit CTHH ca oxit v hidro ng vi ha tri cao nht ca R, cho bit tnh cht ca cc cht ny? Bi 96: Hp cht c dng AB3, tng s ht p trong phn t l 40, trong thnh phn ht nhn A cng nh B u c s ht p bng s ht n. A thuc chu k 3 ca bng HTTH. Xc nh tn gi ca A, B? Bi 97: Mt hh X gm 2 mui cacbonat kim loi kim A, B thuc hai chu k lin tip trong bng HTTH c tng khi lng l 41,9 gam. Xc nh A, B v s mol ca cacbonat trong hh X bit rng khi cho X tc dng vi H2SO4 d v cho kh CO2 to ra p ht vi nc vi trong d ta thu c 3,5g kt ta. Bi 98: Ha tan 7,83gam mt hh X gm 2 hai kim loi kim A, B thuc hai chu k k tip nhau trong bng HTTH c 1 lt dd C v 2,8 lt kh H2 thot ra ktc. Xc nh A, B v s mol A, B trong C? Bi 99: Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X c tng s ht bng 34. Trong o, hat mang ien nhieu hn hat khong mang ien la 10. a. Xc nh v tr ca X trong bng HTTH? b. Vit p iu ch trc tip X? Bi 100: Cho 2 gam hh hai kim loi hai chu k lin tip v thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II tc dng ht vi dd H2SO4 10% ri c cn thu c 8,72 gam hh 2 mui khan. a. Xc nh 2 kim loi? b. Tnh khi lng dd H2SO4 dng? Bi 101: A v B l nguyn t hai chu k lin tip v thuc cng 1 phn nhm chnh, B di A. Cho 8gam B tan hon ton trong 242,4g Nc thu c 4,48 lt kh H2 ktc v dd M. a. Xc nh A, B v vit cu hnh e ca hai nguyn t? b. Tnh C% ca dd M? Bi 102: Y l hidroxit ca nguyn t M thuc nhm IA hoc IIA hoc IIIA. Cho 80g dd 50% ca Y p ht vi dd HCl ri c cn thu c 5,85 gam mui khan. Xc nh Y? Bi 103: Cho hp cht XY2 tha mn: - Tng s ht p ca hp cht bng 32. - Hiu s ca X v Y bng 8 ht. - X v Y u c s p = s n trong nguyn t. Xc nh nguyn t X, Y v suy ra hp cht XY2? Bi 104: Mt nguyn t kim loi M chim 52,94% v khi lng trong oxit cao nht ca n. a. Xc nh M? b. Cho 20,4g oxit ca M tan hon ton trong 246,6 gam dung dch 17,86% ca hp cht vi hidro v phi kim X thuc nhm VIIA, to thnh dung dch A. Gi tn X? Tnh C% ca dd A?

BI TP TRC NGIM CHNG NGUYN T

Cu 1: K hiu ha hc biu th y c trng cho nguyn t ca nguyn t ha hc v n cho bit: A. s A v s Z B. s A C. nguyn t khi ca nguyn t D. s hiu nguyn t Cu 2: Mt ng v ca nguyn t photphoP c s proton l: A. 32 B. 15 C. 47 D. 17 Cu 3: Nguyn t F c s khi l: A. 10 B. 9 C. 28 D. 19 Cu 4: Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca R l 79,91; R c 2 ng v. Bit 81R( 54,5%). S
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khi ca ng v th nht c gi tr l A. 79 B. 81 C. 82 D. 80 Cu 5: Nguyn t X c 2 ng v X1 v X2. ng v X1 c tng s ht l 18. ng v X2 c tng s ht l 20. Bit rng % cc ng v bng nhau v cc loi ht trong X1 cng bng nhau. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X l: A. 15 B. 14 C. 12 D. p n khc, c th l:.... Cu 6: Nguyn t F khc vi nguyn t P . l nguyn t P : A. h n nguyn t F 13p B. hn nguyn t F 6e C. hn nguyn t F 6n D. h n nguyn t F 13e Cu 7: Nguyn t Cu c nguyn t khi trung bnh l 63,54 c 2 ng v X v Y, bit tng s khi l 128. S nguyn t ng v X = 0,37 s nguyn t ng v Y. Vy s ntron ca ng v Y hn s ntron ca ng v X l: A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 1 Cu 8: Cho 10 gam mt mui cacbonat ca kim loi ha tr II vo dd HCl d thu c 2,24 lt CO2(ktc).Vy kim loi ha tr II l: A. Be B. Ca C. Ba D. Mg Cu 9: Ht nhn nguyn t Cu c s ntron l: A. 94 B. 36 C. 65 D. 29 Cu 10: Nguyn t ca nguyn t no sau y c s ht e ln nht ? A. F B. Sc C. K D. Ca Cu 11: ng c 2 ng v 63Cu v 65Cu. T l % ca ng v 63Cu l bao nhiu. Bit rng nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Cu l 63,5. A. 90% B. 50% C. 75% D. 25% Cu 12: Nhng nguyn t Ca, K, Sc c cng: A. s hiu nguyn t B. s e C. s ntron D. s khi Cu 13: Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca R l 79,91; R c 2 ng v. Bit 79R( 54,5%). Nguyn t khi ca ng v th 2 c gi tr l bao nhiu? A. 81 B. 85 C. 82 D. 80 Cu 14: Cho 5,85 gam mui NaX tc dng vi dd AgNO3 d ta thu c 14,35 gam kt ta trng. Nguyn t X c hai ng v 35X(x1%) v 37X(x2%). Vy gi tr ca x1% v x2% ln lt l: A. 25% & 75% B. 75% & 25% C. 65% & 35% D. 35% & 65% Cu 15: Cc ht cu to nn nguyn t ca hu ht cc nguyn t l A. proton,ntron B. ntron,electron C. electron, proton D. electron,ntron,proton Cu 16: ng c hai ng v, chng khc nhau v: A. S electron B. S P C. Cu hnh electron. D. S khi
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Cu 17: Nguyn t ha hc l nhng nguyn t c cng: A. s ntron v proton B. s ntron C. s proton D. s khi. Cu 18: Nguyn t khc vi nguyn t l nguyn t Li c: A. nhiu hn 1p B. t hn 2p C. t hn 2n D. nhiu hn 1n Cu 19: ng c 2 ng v 63Cu v 65Cu. T l % ca ng v 65Cu l bao nhiu. Bit rng nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Cu l 63,5(u) A. 25% B. 50% C. 75% D. 90% Cu 20: Trong phn t M2X c tng s ht p,n,e l 140, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 44 ht. S khi ca M ln hn s khi ca X l 23. Tng s ht p,n,e trong nguyn t M nhiu hn trong nguyn t X l 34 ht. CTPT ca M2X l A. K2O B. Rb2O C. Na2O D. Li2O Cu 21: Trong phn t MX2 .Trong M chim 46,67% v khi lng. Ht nhn M c s ntron nhiu hn s proton l 4 ht. Trong nhn X s ntron bng s proton. Tng s proton trong phn t MX2 l 58. CTPT ca MX2 l A. FeS2 B. NO2 C. SO2 D. CO2 Cu 22: Nguyn t c s lp electron ti a l A. 8 B. 5 C. 7 D. 4 Cu 23: Nguyn t ca nguyn t no sau y c s electron c thn l ln nht? A. Cl(Z=17) B. Ca(Z=20) C. Al(Z=13) D. C(Z=6) Cu 24: Nguyn t ca nguyn t R c tng s ht p,n,e bng 18. v tng s ht khng mang in bng trung bnh cng ca tng s ht mang in.Vy s electron c thn ca nguyn t R l A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Cu 25: Nguyn t no sau y cha nhiu ntron nht? A. 24Mg(Z=12) B.23Na(Z=11) C.61Cu(Z=29) D.59Fe(Z=26) Cu 26: Nguyn t S(Z=16) nhn thm 2e th cu hnh e tng ng ca n l: A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s3 D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 Cu 27: Nguyn t Na(Z=11) b mt i 1e th cu hnh e tng ng ca n l: A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s3 D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 Cu 28: Nguyn t ca nguyn t R c tng s ht p,n,e bng 34, hiu s ht ntron v electron bng 1. Vy s e c thn ca R l: A. 3 B. 4 C. 2 D. 1 Cu 29: Nguyn t K(Z=19) c s lp electron l A. 3 B. 2 C. 1 D. 4 Cu 30: Lp th 4(n=4) c s electron ti a l A. 32 B. 16 C. 8 D. 50
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Cu 31: Lp th 3(n=3) c s phn lp l A. 7 B. 4 C. 3 D. 5 Cu 32: Nguyn t ca nguyn t R c 4 lp e, lp ngoi cng c 1e. Vy s hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t R l A. 15 B. 16 C. 14 D. 19 Cu 33: Cu hnh e sau: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 l ca nguyn t no sau y: A. F(Z=9) B. Na(Z=11) C. K(Z=19) D. Cl(Z=17) Cu 34: Nguyn t ca nguyn t no sau y l phi kim. A. D(Z=11) B. A(Z=6) C. B(Z=19) D. C(Z=2) Cu 35: Nguyn t ca nguyn t R c 3 lp e, lp ngoi cng c 3e. Vy s hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t R l: A. 3 B. 15 C. 14 D. 13 Cu 36: Pht biu no sau y l ng. A. Nhng e c mc nng lng bng nhau c xp vo mt phn lp. B. Tt c u ng. C. Nhng e c mc nng lng gn bng nhau c xp vo mt lp. D. Lp th n c n phn lp( n Cu 37: Nguyn t P(Z=15) c s e lp goi cng l A. 8 B. 4 C. 5 D. 7 Cu 38: Nguyn t ca nguyn t no sau y c s e c thn khc vi 3 nguyn t cn li. A. D(Z=7) B. A(Z=17) C. C(Z=35) D. B(Z=9) Cu 39: Nguyn t ca nguyn t R c phn lp ngoi cng l 3d1. Vy s hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t R l: A. 21 B. 15 C. 25 D. 24 Cu 40: Lp ngoi cng c s e ti a l A. 7 B. 8 C. 5 D. 4 Cu 41: Nguyn t C(Z=6) trng thi c bn c bao nhiu e lp ngoi cng? A. 5 B. 8 C. 4 D. 7 Cu 42: S e ti a trong phn lp d l: A. 2 B. 10 C. 6 D. 14 Cu 43: Nguyn t ca nguyn t A v B u c phn lp ngoi cng l 2p. Tng s e hai phn lp ngoi cng hai nguyn t ny l 3. Vy s hiu nguyn t ca A v B ln lt l: A. 1 & 2 B. 5 & 6 C. 7 & 8 D. 7 & 9 Cu 44: Nguyn t ca nguyn t no sau y khi nhn thm 1e th t cu hnh e ca Ne(Z=10). A. Cl(Z=17) B. F(Z=9) C. N(Z=7) D. Na(Z=11) Cu 45: Cu hnh e no sau y l ng: A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3 4s2 C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p7 D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 4s1
Cng Thng Tin Ha Hc Vit Nam 25 Ti Liu S - TT. Hc Liu Ha Hc

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Cu 46: Cu hnh e sau: ....... 4s2 l ca nguyn t no sau y: A. Na(Z=11) B. Cl(Z=17) C. K(Z=19) D. Ca(Z=20) Cu 47: Lp th 3(n=3) c s obitan l A. 9 B. 10 C. 7 D. 18 Cu 48: Nguyn t ca nguyn t no sau y l kh him. A. C(Z=11) B. D(Z=2) C. B(Z=5) D. A(Z=4) Cu 49: Nguyn t ca nguyn t no sau y l kh him. A. A(Z=4) B. B(Z=5) C. D(Z=18) D. C(Z=20) Cu 50: Cu hnh electron no sau y l ca kim loi: A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1 B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3

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Ti Liu S - TT. Hc Liu Ha Hc