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[ Ti liu hng dn thc hnh thit k FPGA. y l Ti liu chuyn nghnh ginh cho sinh vin nm 3,4 chuyn ngnh in T - Vin thng T ng. Ti liu thuc chng trnh ging dy bc H ca khoa Cng Ngh in T, trng H Cng Nghip TP HCM ]
Contents
Phn 1 : I. II. III. Tng quan v thit k trn FPGA.......................................................................................... 2 Qui trnh thit k.......................................................................................................................... 2 Gii thiu FPGA............................................................................................................................ 4 Gii thiu Board DE2 ca Altera ............................................................................................... 9 1. Gii thiu .................................................................................................................................... 9 2. Thnh phn ............................................................................................................................... 10 3. Mt vi ng dng ca board DE2 .............................................................................................. 10 IV. Cch ci t Quartus II 10.0 v Nios II ..................................................................................... 13 1. Gii thiu .................................................................................................................................. 13 2. Ci t ...................................................................................................................................... 13 V. To mt project mi vi Quartus II 10.0: .................................................................................... 16 1. To 1 project: ............................................................................................................................ 16 2. Vit chng trnh v bin dch: ................................................................................................. 17 3. Gn chn v np xung phn cng FPGA: .................................................................................. 20 Phn 2 : 1. 2. H thng bi lab ca altera ................................................................................................. 26 Gii thiu v h thng bi lab ca altera .................................................................................... 26 Chi tit cc bi lab phi thc hin............................................................................................... 27
Fail Fail Function Design Schematic Design Function And Timing verification
Pass
Layout Design
Fabrication
Hin nay, theo qui trnh sn xut Chip fabless, cc nh sn xut chip khng trc tip ch to ra chip m h ch thit k cp cao ri outsource cho cc cng ty sn xut chuyn sn xut chip nh TSMC, Samsung gia cng. Phng php thit k ny da trn cc standard-cell do cc nh sn xut chip cung cp sn.
Logic Gate Library Cell Layout Library
RTL Design
Logic Synthesis
Fabrication
Phng php thit k da trn FPGA , cng gn ging nh phng php thit k standardcell Based . Nhng n s dng cc FPGAs logic cell , phng php ny cho thi gian thit k v sn xut rt nhanh, v cc Chip FPGA c sn xut t trc , ri ro cng thp. Tuy nhin nhc im ca n l mt tch hp khng cao lm, tc cng khng bng hai phng php thit k trn. Tuy nhin phng php thit k da trn FPGA vn c s dng rt nhiu do thi gian thit k nhanh, c kh nng ti cu hnh ng.
FPGA Cell Library
RTL Design
Logic Synthesis
Download
FPGA
Hnh sau l mt v d v kin trc ca mt FPGA cng nghip v chip FPGA trong thc t.
ng dng ca FPGA : L tng cho vic ch to cc sn phm mu prototype. Cc thit b cn thi gian bn ra th trng ngn. Cc sn phm s lng nh, theo yu cu khch hng. Cc phn cng cn kh nng ti cu hnh linh hot. Cc h thng cn thay i cu hnh trong qu trnh hot ng (vd nh SDR)
Logic Element y l phn t logic nh nht trong kin trc FPGA thng thng, gi tt l LE, n cho php thc hin cc chc nng logic hiu qu. c tnh ca mt LE : L mt bng tra 4 ng vo (hoc nhiu hn ty kin trc FPGA) gi l look-up table (LUT), m c th thc hin hm logic 4 bin bt k. Mt thanh ghi c th lp trnh c (programmable register) Mt chui cc kt ni mt xch. Mt chui kt ni cc thanh ghi. C kh nng li tt c cc loi lien kt ni bao gm : local, row, column, register chain, hoc ni trc tip Lin kt ni. H tr register packing H tr register feedback
LE Features Ta c th cu hnh mi thanh ghi ca LE thnh D, T, JK, hoc SR flip-flop. Mi thanh ghi c data, clock, clock enable, v chn clear. Tn hiu c th l global clock network, cc chn I/O pins, hoc bt k logic ni no. Cc chn I/O pins hoc logic ni c th li cc chn enable. Nu mun LE thc hin chc nng ca cc mch t hp, LUT s c bypass qua khi thanh ghi. Mng Logic (Logic Array Block) Mt mng logic bao gm nhiu khi LE v cc h thng lin kt ni hng ,ct , h thng bus ni b
Hnh 7 : LAB
Mng clock (Clock Network) Bi v clock c th cn phn phi ton b chip FPGA, v yu cu nghim ngt v timing, do clock c phn phi n ton b FPGA bi mt mng clock nh hnh 4.
I/O Pins H thng IO ca FPGA thng t chc thnh cc Bank, mi bank gm nhiu chn IO c cng tnh nng. h tr nhiu h thng phn cng khc nhau, cc chn IO ca FPGA gm hng chc kiu khc nhau vi cc tnh cht v in cng khc nhau (xem bng).
Hnh 9 : IO Pins
Hnh 10 : IO Banks
Ngoi cc phn t c bn nh LE, LAB, Clock, IO pin. FPGA cn c cc phn t Embedded Memory block, Embedded Multiplier, DSP Block, Integrated Controller
III.
1. Gii thiu
Board DE2 l board mch phc v cho vic nghin cu v pht trin v cc lnh vc lun l s hc (digital logic), t chc my tnh (computer organization) v FPGA.
Board DE2 cung cp kh nhiu tnh nng h tr cho vic nghin cu v pht trin, di y l thng tin chi tit ca mt board DE2: FPGA: - Vi mch FPGA Altera Cyclone II 2C35. - Vi mch Altera Serial Configuration EPCS16. Cc thit b xut nhp: - USB Blaster cho lp trnh v iu khin API ca ngi dung; h tr c 2 ch lp trnh JTAG v AS. - B iu khin Cng 10/100 Ethernet. - Cng VGA-out. - B gii m TV v cng ni TV-in. - B iu khin USB Host/Slave vi cng USB kiu A v kiu B. - Cng ni PS/2 chut/bn phm. - B gii m/m ha m thanh 24-bit cht lng a quang vi jack cm line-in, lineout, v microphone. - 2 Header m rng 40-pin vi lp bo v diode. - Cng giao tip RS-232 v cng ni 9-pin. - Cng giao tip hng ngoi. B nh: - SRAM 512-Kbyte. - SDRAM 8-Mbyte. - B nh cc nhanh 4-Mbyte (1 s mch l 1-Mbyte). - Khe SD card. Switch, cc n led, LCD, xung clock - 4 nt nhn, 18 nt gt. - 18 LED , 9 LED xanh, 8 Led 7 on - LCD 16x2 - B dao ng 50-MHz v 27-MHz cho ng h ngun.
3. Mt vi ng dng ca board DE2
ng dng lm TV box
IV.
1. Gii thiu
B phn mm thit k i km vi board DE2 bao gm 2 a CDROM: Quartus 2 v Nios 2 Integrated Development Environment (IDE) Quartus II l phn mm h tr tt c mi qu trnh thit k mt mch logic, bao gm qu trnh thit k, tng hp, placement v routing (sp xp v chy dy), m phng (simulation), v lp trnh ln thit b (DE2). Nios II, mi trng pht trin tch hp ca h Nios II (IDE), n l cng c pht trin ch yu ca h vi x l Nios II. Phn mm s l mi trng cung cp kh nng chnh sa, xy dng, debug v m t s lc v chng trnh. IDE cn cho php to cc chng trnh t n nhim (single-threaded) n cc chng trnh phc tp da trn mt h iu hnh thi gian thc v cc th vin middleware. Ngoi ra, chng ta c th cn mt chng trnh m phng code Verilog cp RTL (mc truyn thanh ghi) hoc m phng mc cng (Gate level Simulation)
2. Ci t
Ci t Quartus II v Nios II Qu trnh ci t Quartus II v Nios n gin ch cn a a vo my v thc hin theo hng dn ca chng trnh ci t nh bt k phn mm no .
Ci t phn mm USB blaster driver V Board DE2 c lp trnh (programming) bng cch s dng cng c USB Blaster (USB Blaster mechanism). Do , c th kt ni kit DE2 v lp trnh thng qua my PC, chng ta cn phi ci t driver cho thit b USB Blaster . Sau khi gn board DE2 vo my tnh thng qua cng USB, nu USB Blaster driver cha c ci t th hp thoi sau s xut hin, Chn No, not this time sau nhn Next
Kt tip bn chn Search for the best driver in these location v sau nhn Browse.
Hp thoi mi s xut hin bn tm n v tr C:\altera\10.0\quartus\drivers \usbblaster, sau nhn OK v tip tc nhn Next
Ca s thng bo vic kim tra logo window khng thnh cng, tuy nhin vic ny s khng b nh hng n vic kt ni ca chng trnh sau ny. Bn tip tc nhn Continue Anyway. Nhn Finish hon tt vic ci t. Ch driver USB blaster c th nm trong th mc khc so vi hng dn ty thuc vo phin bn quartus m bn ci t, thm ch bn c th copy driver ti mt th mc khc v tr ng dn ti th mc ny khi ci t.
Hnh 22 : To mi mt project
Hnh 23 : Chn tn v ng dn
1:Chn dng dn th mc 2: Chn tn th mc Bc 3. Sau ta chn hng sn xut chip v tn loi chip trn mch (EP2C35F672C6)
Hnh 25 : To mi file
Bc 2. Sau chn loi file m chng ta mun vit chng trnh. y ta chn loai file Verilog HDL
Bc 4. Sau khi vit xong th ta phi lu tn file trng vi tn module ca chng trnh
Ch : Chn Add file to current project Bc 5. Sau khi lu file xong phi thit lp cho file l top-level th mi bin dch c
Ch : n y th c th np trc tip ln board DE2 kim th hoc s dng chng trnh m phng c trn Quartus II.
3. Gn chn v np xung phn cng FPGA:
Bc 7. Gn chn cho thit k: cc bc trn ta mi ch thc hin thit k v bin dch chng trnh. c th chy th trn phn cng FPGA, chng ta cn phi thc hin gn chn cho thit k. Qu trnh gn chn (Pin assignment) l qu trnh ch nh cc input/outout/inout trong thit k (logic) kt ni ti mt chn vt l thc s trn chip FPGA (physical). H thng chn ca FPGA c nh nhn bi ch ci v s theo qui nh ca nh sn xut FPGA, v d nh N25,M20 ta xem thng tin cc chn ny trong ti liu datasheet ca dng chip Cyclone II.
Tuy nhin, khi thit k board DE2, nh thit k Terasic kt ni c nh cc chn ca FPGA vi phn cng tng ng trn kit, v d : nh SW[0] c kt ni vi PIN_N25, v LEDR[0] c kt ni vi chn PIN_AE23 ca Cyclone II. Nh vy, khi ta kt ni mt chn logic f (ca thit k) vi chn PIN_AE23 ca FPGA. C ngha l chn f trong thit k light.v s c kt ni trc tip vi LEDR[0] khi ta np thit k xung kit DE2. gn chn, ta vo menu Assignment>Pin planner, s hin ra hp thoi sau :
Trong thit k ny ta c 3 chn : f,x1,x2 .vi f l chn output, ta s gn cho LEDR[0]. x1,x2 l input, ta s gn cho SW[0] v SW[1]. Sau khi gn xong, ta s c nh sau:
Sau khi gn chn xong, ta thc hin bin dch li thit k cp nht thng tin v pin. Mt cu hi t ra l : ta ly thng tin v cc chn ny u ? Tr li : V cc chn ny c ghp ni vi phn cng trn board bi nh thit k board DE2, do c thng tin v chn IO, ta tm trong ti liu DE2 manual. Mt cch khc, cc nh thit k board FPGA thng cung cp mt file CSV (mt dng ging excel) c th import trc tip vo phn mm quartus vi tn chn c nh ngha sn, vd file DE2_pin_assignments.csv i vi board DE2. import file ny,vo assignments>import assignments. Chn ng dn n file DE2_pin_assignments.csvri nhn OK. kim tra kt qu, vo li Assignments>Pin Planner, s thy nh sau.
Bc 8. Np xung FPGA trn kit DE2: Chip FPGA phi c np v cu hnh thc hin thit k ca chng ta. File cu hnh c to ra bi qu trnh compile ca phn mm Quartus nu khng c li xy ra. V chng ta c th lp trnh v cu hnh FPGA theo hai cch, l ch JTAG v AS. File cu hnh c truyn t my ch PC (chy quartus) xung board FPGA bi mt cp USB kt ni gia board v my tnh PC. s dng cp ny, chng ta cn phi ci driver USB blaster nh ni trn. Trc khi np chng trnh, chng ta phi m bo cp USB c kt ni v board FPGA bt ngun. Trng ch np JTAG, FPGA s gi nguyn cu hnh c np min l cn cp ngun cho kit FPGA, c ngha l khi mt ngun, Chip FPGA s b mt cu hnh v tr thnh thit b
trng. Trong ch th hai, ch AS, file cu hnh c lu trong chip flash trn kit FPGA. V n s c load vo FPGA mi khi bt ngun, v vy, chng ta s khng cn phi np li file cu hnh mi khi bt ngun kit FPGA na (nh trng hp np JTAG) . chn la mode np, chn RUN/PROG switch trn DE2 board. V tr RUN l chn JTAG mode, cn v tr PROG l chn AS mode. Qu trnh np thng qua mode JTAG nh sau : o Gt switch RUN/PROG trn FPGA sang v tr RUN. o Chn Tools>Programmer. Mt ca s s hin ra nh hnh 35. o y chng ta cn phi ch nh cng c lp trnh v mode lp trnh o Chn JTAG trong hp thoi mode o Nu USB-Blaster cha c chn, nhn vo hardware Setup v chn USBBlaster trong hp thoi s xung nh hnh 36
o Nu khng thy hin ln thit b USB-Blaster no, hy kim tra cp USB, bt ngun board, driver o Sau chn file cn np dng sof (nu n cha c sn trong hp thoi) bng cch nhn Add file o Sau khi chn xong, nhn start bt u lp trnh. Mt led trn board s sang chi n khi qu trnh lp trnh thnh cng.
o Nu c bt c li g hin ln trn ca s quartus,th hy kim tra li board cp ngun cha. Nu vn khng pht hin ra li, hy hi thy hng dn ca bn c gip . Qu trnh np thng qua mode Active Serial nh sau : o chn thit b cn lp trnh, chn Assignments>Device nh hnh 37. o Click vo Device & Pin Options v chn nh hnh 38, ri nhn OK quay li hnh 38, tip tc nhn OK ri compile li ton b project.
o Sau khi compile xong th chn Tools>Programmer nh trn. o Chn Active Serial Programming trong hp thoi mode o Tin hnh cc bc tng t nh trn. Bc 9. Kim tra thit k. o Sau khi np xung Kit FPGA, gi y ta c th kim tra thit k ca mnh o Gt switch RUN/PROG sang v tr RUN. o Th tt c cc gi tr ca bin u vo x1 v x2 bng cch thay i trng thi SW0 v SW1 trn board. Kim tra kt qu vi bng s tht bng cch quan st trng thi led. o Nu mch hot ng khng ng nh thit k, hy sa li code, kim tra gn chn compile li, np li v kim tra li cho n khi mch hot ng ng nh mong mun.
Lab 0a : Thit k bng s mch trn Altera Quartus Lab 0b : Thit k bng ngn ng m t phn cng Verilog HDL trn Altera Quartus Lab 1 : Cng tc, leds, v b ghp knh Lab 2 : H thng S v hin th Lab 3 : Latch & Flipflop (Option) Lab 4 : B m Counter Lab 5 : Clocks v Timers Lab 6 : B cng, tr, nhn Lab 7 : My trng thi Lab 8 : B vi x l n gin
Ty theo chng trnh hc s c yu cu khc nhau : i vi chng trnh i hc lin thng, yu cu thc hin t Lab 0 ti Lab 5 i vi chng trnh i hc chnh qui, yu cu thc hin t Lab 0 ti Lab 7 i vi h nng cao, yu cu thc hin thm Lab 8
Ty theo c s h tng thit b, cc bi lab c th thc hin theo cc cch khc nhau : Nu khng c phn cng, c th m phng bng phn mm model-sim hoc quartus simulation Nu c phn cng (DE1,DE2 hoc tng ng) c th tng hp trc tip v thc hin ngay trn phn cng ca kit FPGA (c th m phng hoc khng, ty yu cu ca gio vin hng dn).
Reference Documents
1) Haibo Wang , ECE428, ECE Department , Southern Illinois University , Carbondale, IL 62901. 2) Ti liu TN FPGA, Khoa KH-KTMT ,Trng i Hc BK TP HCM 3) Altera University Program Documents 4) Altera website 5) Internet