Phng php thit k ti u mng quang WDM cu hnh Ring

Method for designing optimal WDM Ring network in cost-effective manner Ths. V Hong Sn Tm tt: Mng quang hin nay Vit nam ch yu c trin khai da theo cu trc a Ring trn c s cng ngh SDH v WDM. in hnh mng quang ng trc ca VNPT nng cp s dng cng ngh WDM cu hnh Ring, v sp ti cng s trin khai trong mng MAN. Bi bo ny cp ti bi ton thit k mng Ring ti u chi ph tnh n c cc yu t v mt ng truyn v thit b. Phng php hm trng c xut kh hiu qu v v d c th minh ho nh hng ca cc yu t v phn tch p dng. Phng php ny c th p dng cho cc cng ngh khc nh RPR v cho thit k hay thay i cc cu hnh Ring o trn mng WDM trong tng lai. Abstract: In Vietnam, Optical transport networks are deployed widely and based on SDH/WDM multi-ring structures. Typically, WDM systems are implemented with flexible, efficient bandwidth capabilities in North-South optical backbone network, and in future are going to be deployed in MAN. In this paper, the problem and method for designing optimal WDM Ring in cost-effective manner are deal with, and a case study is shown to illustrate how the proposed weighted functions approach solves this problem. This method is able to be used for designing or reconfiguration of virtual ring such as RPR over WDM. 1. Gii thiu Xu th hin nay trn th gii v ca ngnh Bu in l xy dng mng NGN vi cng ngh truyn ti quang th h sau da trn cng ngh chuyn mch quang WDM vi kh nng dung lng cao v chi ph/bit thp[3]. Hin nay VN, cng ngh WDM c trin khai cp ng trc. Vi tc pht trin theo hm s m ca cc dch v a phng tin trn c s IP, thc y vic p dng cng ngh mng truy nhp bng rng (xDSL, WiMax, FTTx) v s gy ra s tc nghn trong vng mng th (MAN). Trong khi , vi sc p ca cnh tranh, cc nh khai thc mng khng mun u t qu nhiu vo h tng mng. V vy cc cng ngh quang mi cn tn dng c s h tng hin c v hin nay pht trin, ng dng cc cng ngh c tnh k tha nh NG-SDH, RPR v WDM vi cu hnh Ring trong mi trng mng MAN. Mng quang hin Vit nam c trin khai ph bin vi cu hnh Ring rt hiu qu. Do vy, vn ni ln l vic thit k v khai thc hiu qu mng quang WDM, nht l i vi mng MAN c cu trc Ring m hin ang c trin khai ph bin trn th gii cng nh Vit nam. Theo cch phn loi v hiu qu s dng ti nguyn (bng thng) ca mng quang, th cu hnh Ring (SDH hay WDM) gm c hai loi cu trc ch yu: DPRing (Dedicated Protection Ring- vng bo v ring hay vng n hng USHR) v SPRing (Shared Protection Ring- Vng bo v dng chung, hay vng hai hng BSHR)[1,2]. Trong v mt bng thng, SPRing c kh nng ti s dng khng gian, dung lng ca h thng yu cu i vi nhu cu cho trc ph thuc vo mu lu lng gia cc nt trn RING (cch b tr tng i v lu lng gia cc nt trn Ring) v cch phn b lung[2]. V vy, s dng hiu qu cu trc Ring, vic qui hoch/ thit k mng Ring cn xc nh c cu trc ph hp v nh c mng m bo tho mn yu cu v lu lng cng nh tin cy v vi chi ph nh nht tn dng c s h tng hin c. Bi bo ny, xut phng php tip cn mi trong vic thit k cu trc Ring tnh ti nh hng c v chi ph thit b (nh hng do lu lng) v ng truyn. Cng ngh vng RPR cng c c im ging SPRing l s k tha v kh nng bo v v ti s dng khng gian ca SDH v kh nng ghp knh thng k ca Ethernet x l mc gi [5]. Phng

207

php ny c th p dng v pht trin cho mng Ring cc cng ngh khc nh RPR hay thit k mng Ring o trn mng WDM [6]. 2. Bi ton v xut phng php hm trng Thng thng thit k mng quang a Ring thng c chia thnh 4 giai on, bao gm : Bc 1: xc inh cu trc phn cp mng: + chia mng thnh cc vng- mi vng l tp cc nt c cu hnh Ring v phn cp kt ni gia chng Bc 2: Xc nh topo kt ni vt l ca tng mng Ring v im kt ni cho mi vng Bc 3: nh c tng mng Ring: bao gm nh tuyn, tnh ton dung lng mng cho tng loi cng ngh, kin trc Ring ng c (DPRing v SPRing). Bc 4: Phn tch v tnh ton chi ph so snh gia cc gii php. Trong bi cnh hin nay VN, th vic gii bi ton chia thnh cc Ring ( bc 1) rt t c p dng, bi mng truyn dn c phn cp theo cc tng i v phn cp qun l hnh chnh; v lu lng v s nt trong tng cp ny nh, do vy vic chia c thc hin d dng hn nh iu kin ny. V vy trc mt bi ton in hnh l thit k hiu qu mng quang cu hnh Ring n. Thng thng hm mc tiu l ti thiu chi ph ( bao gm c chi ph ng truyn v thit b) hay ti a kh nng cung cp m rng sau ny. Thng thng vic xc nh topo vt l Ring thng qui v bi ton tm chu trnh Haminton nh nht (TSP- hay bi ton ngi du lch) i qua tt c cc nt c trng s l chi ph (hay c ly) ca tng link. i vi mng c chi ph ng truyn m chim t trng ln (ng trc hay cp vng) th vic tm chu trnh nh nht theo c ly l hp l. Nhng trong mi trng mng MAN c khong cch trung bnh gia cc nt ngn (<100km), lu lng ln, chi ph thit b chim t trng ln (trn 70%). Do vy, trong mi trng ny, xc nh topo vt l cho mng cu hnh SPRing cn tnh y n c hai chi ph ng truyn v thit b (ph thuc vo dng mu lu lng, th t cc nt trn Ring v cch phn b). Bi ton thit k cu trc SPRing c th c m t tng qut l ti thiu tng chi ph ca c tuyn vt l v thit b ca mng cu hnh SPRing. y l bi ton NP-kh nu gii ng thi, v bn thn bi ton TSP v RWA ca SPRing l NP-kh. n gin c th chia hai giai on: xc nh Ring vt l ti u cho SPRing v RWA cho topo ny. Bi ton RWA ti u c th tham kho [2]. Tuy nhin vic xc nh topo ti u cho SPRing cn tnh n nh hng ca lu lng, RWA v chi ph ng truyn. Sau y s a ra gii php cho bi ton ny. Gi s cn xc nh topo Ring ca N nt, vi u vo: tp cc tuyn kt ni gia cc nt c th c l Lij (chi ph ng truyn hay c ly) v tp cc nhu cu lu lng lung quang dij. Vic xc nh Topo vt l cho SPRing ca N nt c th s dng bi ton TSP vi cc trng thch hp vi cc phn tch sau:

208

gim chi ph thit b,cn xc nh th t nt trn Ring v nh tuyn cc lung sao cho ti thiu tng lu lng ln nht trn cc cnh ca Ring hay tng ng vi ti thiu nht ct cc i (Max-Cut)1. Theo [2,4] kt qu ca cc thut ton nh tuyn theo s chng nh nht (cho s chim gi bng tn nh nht trn tuyn) cho thy mu lu lng c dng phn tn lin k (lu lng gia 2 nt lin k) v phn b ng u (MESH) l tt nht cho SPRing hay khi nht ct cc i (Max-Cut) l nh nht. Tc l cn th t nt trn Ring sao cho cp nt c lu lng ln s c khong cch v chng l t nht. nh gi mc tp trung hay phn b ng u s dng tham s: mc chnh lch ca (h s tp trung lu lng ca 1 nt = tng lu lng ca 1 nt/ tng lu lng ton Ring) gia cc nt; v d vi dij=1, h s tp trung v lu lng trong mu phn tn lin k = 1/N; mu y c h s tp trung = 2/N; hub kp c h s tp trung cc i= ; hub n c h s tp trung cc i= 1; nh gi mc chim gi ca lung lu lng trn cc cnh s dng tng s chng TB cho 1 lu lng = (s chng theo nh tuyn ngn nht x lu lng dij)/ tng lu lng Ring = Max-Cut/2 x N/ Tng lu lng ca Ring, v d: s chng trung bnh vi mu phn tn= 1 (tt nht); y = (N+1)/4;Hub n = N/2 (ti nht); Hub kp= N/4 n N/2. Tc ca Ring khi cha c bo v Max-Cut/2, khi c bo v Max-Cut [2].

Phng php hm trng: T phn tch trn sau y s xut mt s hm trng cho bi ton TSP (x). Gi s gii bi ton TSP theo cc hm trng x ta c tng chu trnh l L=TSP (x)= Li,i+1, vi i=N, th i+1 trng 1, cn th t cc nt trong Ring c xc nh theo TSP vi bin l x. Phng n 1: Hm trng x= Lij. Nu s dng L1=TSP (Lij) th y l trng hp cho Ring c tng chi ph ng truyn nh nht. y l phng n thng hay s dng. Vi D= dij, th L1/D l chi ph ng truyn trung bnh ca mt n v lu lng; Phng n 2: Hm trng x= -dij. Nu s dng TSP (-dij) {hay TSP( 1/dij)} th y l trng hp thun li cho SPRing v mt lu lng: cp lu lng c s lung ln s c s chng nh nht l 1 (lin k), cc cp nt c lu lng nh s c s chng ln dn n Max-Cut c th coi l nh nht, cn di; Phng n 2: Hm trng x= dij. Nu s dng L2= TSP (dij) th y l trng hp bt li nht cho SPRing: cp lu lng c s lung ln s c s chng ln nht, cc cp nt lin k s c lu lng nh. dn n Max-Cut l ln nht- y c th coi l cn trn; Phng n 3: Hm trng x= Lij- k x (L1/D) x dij. Tuy nhin trng hp 2 trn li khng tnh n chi ph ng truyn Lij do vy s dng L3= TSP (Lij- k x (L1/D) x dij) {hay TSP (Lij/ (dij+1))} s bao gm c chi ph ng truyn v li ch t cc cnh c lung ln v s ci thin hn v mt Max-Cut ca trng hp L1. H s k>0 l h s ch mc quan trng ca phn lu lng (chi ph thit b) trong chi ph tuyn. Vi k=0, hm trng x= Lij v L3=L1, vi k >>1 hm trng x= dij; k<< 0 hm trng x= dij. C th nhn thy PA3 cho kt qu trung gian gia PA1 v PA2 v mt chi ph tuyn L v v yu cu dung lng thit b.
mt nht ct i qua hai cnh ca Ring, s chia Ring thnh hai phn. Lu lng gia cc nt mng nm trong mi phn ca Ring vn c th c nh tuyn v truyn thng, tuy nhin lu lng gia hai phn th khng th. Kch c nht ct c nh ngha nh tng lu lng khng c nh tuyn trn Ring do nht ct gy ra

209

3. V d minh ho Thc hin gii bi ton trn vi m phng mu ngu nhin c phn b u, s nt N=4 n 7, cho ra kt qu trn 90% PA2 em li hiu qu v mt dung lng hn PA1, v trn 95% PA3 cho kt qu trung gian gia PA1 v PA2. Do vic p dng phng php hm trng s cho ta kt qu chnh xc hn khi tnh n chi ph ca cc yu t v c th a ra nhiu phng n la chn cho qun l. Sau y s dng v d [2] minh ho p dng cc phng n hm trng khc nhau. Gi s cn thit k mng mt Ring quang vi u vo ma trn lu lng lung quang hai chiu dij=dji v chi ph ( di) tuyn kt ni vt l gia cc nt nh hnh v v bng sau:

Ma trn lu lng (A,B,C,D,E) D=(dij) th hin 1 chiu dij A A B C D E 0 0 0 0 0 B 3 0 0 0 0

A Lij v dij E B

Ma trn chi ph tuyn vt l: L=(lij)

C 4 1 0 0 0

D 1 2 3 0 0

E 3 3 1 4 0
Nht ct

A 0 80 70 60 50

B 80 0 70 65 90

C 70 70 0 40 40
N1

D 60 65 40 0 50

E 50 90 40 50 0

a5 N5

a1 N2

a4 D C

Xc nh th t gn Ni:= {A,B,C,D,E} Tnh n c : Chi ph tuyn v lu lng Xc nh cch nh tuyn N4 a3 N3

a2

Lung d13 c nh tuyn theo hng N1N3

Trong {N1, N2, N3, N4, N5} L mt hon v ca cc nt {A, B, C, D, E}

thit k Ring c N=5 nt c: D= dij=25, mc tp trung lu lng = 11/25 n 9/25, c lch tng i l 2/10 =1/5. Tuy nhin, v tr sp xp tng i gia cc nt c nh

210

hng n dung lng ti thiu hay mc hiu dng ca SPRing, tc tng chi ph ca ton Ring. Sau y xt cc phng n hm trng khc nhau xc nh th t cc nt trn Ring v s dng phng php nh tuyn ti u RWA [2]: Phng n 1: tm Ring c chi ph nh nht: L1= TSP( Lij); Th t kt ni vt l trn Ring l A-B-D-C-E-A; di tuyn vt l L1=80+65+40+ 50+50=275 v ma trn lu lng s c Max-Cut=18 i qua cnh a3- a5. Dung lng DPRing= D; Dung lng SPRing MaxCut ( bao gm c d phng) [2]; H s dung lng DPRing/SPRing ca PA1 = D/MaxCut=25/18= 1.3889. Nn s dng kin trc SPRing. S chng trung bnh ca 1 lung= MaxCut/2 x N/D= 18/2 x 5/25=1.8. Kt qu khi c sp xp li nt trn Ring v phn b lu lng nh bng sau. Ma trn lu lng D - th hin 1 chiu dij Ma trn chi ph tuyn vt l: L={Li,i+1} Ma trn nh tuyn ti u lu lng (theo chiu kim ng h) A N1 N1 0 N2 0 N3 0 N4 0 N5 0 B N2 3 0 0 0 0 D N3 1 2 0 0 0 C N4 4 1 3 0 0 E N5 3 3 4 1 0 A N1 0 80 0 0 50 B N2 80 0 65 0 0 D N3 0 65 0 40 0 C N4 0 0 40 0 50 E N5 50 0 0 50 0 A B D C E

N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 0 0 0 3 3 3 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 2 1 1 3 0 0 0 2 2 1 0

ti trn cnh a1,..,a5: 8 9 9 8 9

Phng n 2: Tm Ring c li nht v mt lu lng TSP(-dij): Th t kt ni vt l trn Ring l A-B-E-D-C-A; di tuyn vt l L2= 80 + 90+50+40+70=330 v ma trn lu lng s c Max-Cut=14 i qua cnh a1-a3; a2-a5. H s dung lng DPRing/SPRing ca PA1 = 25/14= 1,786 v s chng trung bnh= 14/2 x 5/25=1.2. Kt qu khi c sp xp li nt trn Ring v phn b lu lng nh bng sau Ma trn lu lng D - th hin 1 chiu dij Ma trn chi ph tuyn vt l: L={Li,i+1} Ma trn nh tuyn ti u lu lng (theo chiu kim ng h) A B E D C A B E D C A B E D C

211

N1 0 0 0 0 0

N2 3 0 0 0 0

N3 3 3 0 0 0

N4 1 2 4 0 0

N5 4 1 1 3 0

N1 0 80 0 0 70

N2 80 0 90 0 0

N3 0 90 0 50 0

N4 0 0 50 0 40

N5 70 0 0 40 0

N1 N2 N3 0 0 1 1 4 3 0 0 1 1 2 3 0 0 0

N4 N5 0 1 4 0 0 0 0 1 3 0

ti trn cnh a1,..,a5: 7 6 7 7 8

Phng n 2: Tm Ring khng c li nht v mt lu lng TSP(dij): Th t kt ni vt l trn Ring l A-D-B-C-E-A; di tuyn vt l L1= 60+65+70+40+50=285 v ma trn lu lng s c Max-Cut=19 i qua cnh a2-a5. H s dung lng DPRing/SPRing ca PA1 = 25/19= 1,316 v s chng trung bnh= 19/2 x 5/25=1.9. Kt qu khi c sp xp li nt trn Ring v phn b lu lng nh bng sau

Ma trn lu lng D - th hin 1 chiu dij

Ma trn chi ph tuyn vt l: L={Li,i+1}

Ma trn nh tuyn ti u lu lng (theo chiu kim ng h)

A N1 0 0 0 0 0

D N2 1 0 0 0 0

B N3 3 2 0 0 0

C N4 4 3 1 0 0

E N5 3 4 3 1 0

A N1 0 80 0 0 70

D N2 80 0 90 0 0

B N3 0 90 0 50 0

C N4 0 0 50 0 40

E N5 70 0 0 40 0

D B C

N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 0 0 0 2 3 1 0 0 2 2 3 2 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 2 3 1 0

ti trn cnh a1,..,a5: 10 10 9 10 9

212

Phng n 3: Tm SPRing kt hp c chi ph ng truyn v c li v mt lu lng TSP(lij Lo/D x dij): vi D= dij=25, L1=TSP(Lij)=275 v k=1. Th t kt ni vt l trn Ring l A-B-C-D-E-A; di tuyn vt l L3= 80 + 70+40+50+50=290 v ma trn lu lng s c Max-Cut=16 i qua cnh a1-a3; a1-a4. H s dung lng DPRing/SPRing ca PA1 = 25/16= 1,563 v s chng trung bnh= 16/2 x 5/25=1.6. Kt qu khi c sp xp li nt trn Ring v phn b lu lng nh bng sau Ma trn lu lng D - th hin 1 chiu dij Ma trn chi ph tuyn vt l: L={Li,i+1} Ma trn nh tuyn ti u lu lng (theo chiu kim ng h) A N1 0 0 0 0 0 B N2 3 0 0 0 0 C N3 4 1 0 0 0 D N4 1 2 3 0 0 E N5 3 3 1 4 0 A N1 0 80 0 0 50 B N2 80 0 70 0 0 C N3 0 70 0 40 0 D N4 0 0 40 0 50 E N5 50 0 0 50 0 A B C D E

N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 0 0 1 1 3 3 0 0 0 2 3 1 0 0 0 0 2 3 0 0 0 1 1 4 0

ti trn cnh a1,..,a5: 8 Nhn xt: Xt v mt chi ph ng truyn: L1=330 < L3=285 < L2=290 Xt v mt hiu qu v lu lng PA2< PA1< PA3<PA2: s chng TB/ 1 lu lng tng ng l 1.9, 1.8, 1.6 v 1.2 ; Nht ct cc i (Max-Cut) tng ng l 19, 18, 16, 14. Qua v d trn PA2 tt hn v mt lu lng so vi PA3 (dung lng ng truyn u bng 8) nhng chi ph ng truyn li cao hn nhiu so vi L1 ( 330 so vi 275), trong khi PA3 tt hn PA1 v mt dung lng (dung lng yu cu 8 so vi 9) nhng chi ph ng truyn tng ln khng nhiu ( 290 so vi 275). Gi s khi trin khai h thng thc c dung lng 16 (hay STM-16) th i vi phng n PA3 hay PA2 ch cn mt h thng l , cn PA1 cn hai h thng mi p ng c nhu cu lu lng cho c phn d phng. so snh c chnh xc gia cc phng n cn tnh ton c th tng chi ph c v ng truyn v v thit b. Trn y cc gii php u s dng cc phng php nh tuyn ti u gii RWA [2]. Nu s dng cc phng php khng thch hp th vic tn dng hn v mt lu lng cng khng nhiu. 7 8 8 7

213

4. Kt lun Cng ngh WDM em li nhiu c hi cho cc nh khai thc mng, gim chi ph/bit v tng dung lng p ng nhu cu pht trin trong nhiu nm ti. Tuy nhin, khi a cng ngh mi th cng s c nhiu thch thc cho vic ng dng hiu qu cc c tnh tin tin m vn duy tr c tnh lin tc trong pht trin mng li. Mt trong nhng giai on quan trng quyt nh n vic s dng hiu qu ti nguyn mng c gii quyt trong bi bo l vic thit k ti u Topo ca mng cu hnh SPRing. V d v cc kt qu th nghim cho thy phng php hm trng kh m, n gin v hiu qu tn dng c cc cng c v thut ton pht trin, ng thi li a ra c mt s phng n cho php cc nh thit k, qun l la chn v quyt nh cho ph hp vi iu kin thc tin. Vi cch tip cn gii bi ton cu hnh Ring tnh n nh hng ca c lu lng lp trn v tuyn vt l lp di s cho cch nhn y hn v tng chi ph ca mng. Cch tip cn ny c th c m rng p dng cho vic thit k topo dng khc hay topo o (mng ring o OVPN l cc Ring SDH hay RPR) chy trn mng WDM c cu hnh bt k, v xa hn na c th m rng cho qu trnh thay i cu hnh mng khi c nhu cu lu lng thay i. Tuy nhin, y cng ch l kt qu bc u, cc vn m vn cn trc mt nh s tng tc v bo v gia cc lp, kt qu ti u cht ca bi ton s dng phng php MPL, ti u ho qu trnh thay i cu hnh Ti liu tham kho 1. V hong sn, Phng php thit k mng truyn ti quang SDH, Tp ch chuyn san Cc cng trnh nghin cu trin khai Vin thng v Cng ngh thng tin, Tng cc Bu in, s 5, 3/2001. 2. V hong Sn, Bi Trung Hiu, V Tun Lm, Phn b bng tn trong mng RING quang WDM v ng dng,Tp ch chuyn san Cc cng trnh nghin cu trin khai Vin thng v Cng ngh thng tin, B bu Chnh Vin Thng, s 9, 3-2003. 3. V Hong Sn, Phm Tin t, ti cp b m s 52-04-KHKT-RD, Nghin cu cc tiu chun ca cc t chc tiu chun trn th gii v mng quang th h sau v xut nh hng pht trin mng quang trong tng lai ca Vit Nam, 2004. 4. V Hong Sn, ti Xy dng gii php phn b v qun l lung quang trong mng thng tin quang ng trc WDM ca Tng cng ty, M s: 005-2003-TCT-RDP-VT16, 2003. 5. IEEE 802.17-2004, Tiu chun Resilent Packet Rings (RPR), 2004. 6. V c Hng, ti m s: 31-2005-TCT-RDS_VT-09, nhnh Nghin cu phng n pht trin mng vin thng ng trc DWDM ca VNPT theo gii php mng ring o quang .

214