banks (crb2863) Final Exam Spring 2012 rodenborn (57381) This print-out should have 30 questions.

ns. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page nd all choices before answering. 001 10.0 points Consider the setup of a gun aimed at a target (such as a monkey) as shown in the gure. A

The x-motion is unaccelerated (gravity only aects the y -motion) so equation (1) gives d = v0x t + 0 . Thus t= The distance d is d = OB = AB 83.6 m = tan tan 49 = 72.6723 m . t= d v0 cos (72.6723 m) = (107 m/s) cos(49 ) = 1.03524 s . d d = . v0x v0 cos

P y

v0
x
O d

The initial y -velocity is v0y = v0 sin = (107 m/s) sin(49 ) = 80.7539 m/s . To nd the height, we utilize Eq. 1 h 0 = v0y t + so h = v0y t 1 2 gt 2 = (80.7539 m/s) (1.03524 s) 1 (9.8 m/s2 ) (1.03524 s)2 2 = 78.3485 m . 1 (g ) t2 , 2

The target is to be dropped from the point A at t = 0, the same moment as the gun is red. The bullet hits the target at a point P. Let the initial speed of the bullet be v0 = 107 m/s, let the angle between the vector v0 and the horizontal (x) direction be = 49 and let AB = 83.6 m. The distance d = OB is the x-coordinate of the target. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . The height BP where the collision takes place is Correct answer: 78.3485 m. Explanation: Basic Concepts: Constant acceleration: 1 x x0 = v0 t + at2 2 v = v0 + at (2) (1)

Solution: Think of this two-dimensional motion as two one-dimensional trajectories, one in the x and one in the y -direction. The horizontal (x) initial velocity is v0x = v0 cos

002 10.0 points How close would another Earth have to be to our Earth (center-to-center distance) so that you would weigh half of your current weight? Neglect rotation. (In the gure, FE 1 is the gravitational force due to the Earth you are standing on, FE 2 is the gravitational force due to the other Earth. The condition of the problem is that your weight, i.e. normal force of the ground, is given by W = 1/2FE 1 .)

banks (crb2863) Final Exam Spring 2012 rodenborn (57381) FE 2 = We know that GME 2 m GME 1 m = 2 (D RE )2 2R E
FE 2 RE FE 1 2 2R E = (D RE )2

FE 1 2

D = RE +

2R E > 2R E

We see that our result is greater than 2RE , so it is sensible. 1. D = 2. D = GME RE

2 2GME RE

3. D = RE 4. D = 2RE 5. D = 6. D =

003 10.0 points Consider two blocks of masses m1 and m3 , connected by a rigid rod (i.e., it does not get stretched or compressed) of mass m2 , sitting on a frictionless surface. The block m1 is pushed by a horizontal constant force F . F

2 2GME RE

m2 m3 m1

2 GME RE 7. D = (2 + 2)RE 8. D = 2 2RE

What is the force on the rod due to the block of mass m3 ? 1. F23 = F F F + + m1 m2 m3 m2 3F (m1 + m2 + m3 )2 (m1 + m2 )F m1 + m2 + m3 (m2 + m3 )F m1 + m2 + m3 F m1 + m2 + m3 F m1 + m2 m3 F correct m1 + m2 + m3 F m2 + m3

9. D = 3RE 10. D = (1 + 2)RE correct

2. F23 = 3. F23 = 4. F23 = 5. F23 = 6. F23 = 7. F23 = 8. F23 =

Explanation: We are solving for your weight to be half that you normally feel. Your weight is equal and opposite to the net force on your body, e.g. the normal force of the ground as you stand in some spot. Since you are in equilibrium, the sum of all forces must be zero: W + FE 2 FE 1 = 0 and using the condition of the problem W = 1/2FE 1 gives 1/2FE 1 + FE 2 FE 1 = 0

banks (crb2863) Final Exam Spring 2012 rodenborn (57381) 9. F23 10. F23 F F = + m1 + m2 m3 F F + = m1 m2 + m3 y 3. t vy t Fy t

Explanation: Since all the masses move together, we can nd this answer by simply writing down the momentum principle: dp dt F = mtotal a = (m1 + m2 + m3 ) a F a= m1 + m2 + m3 Fnet = From the free body diagram of the mass m3 , we observe that there is only one force F32 (force on m3 due to m2 ) accelerating the mass. Therefore,

y 4. t

vy t

Fy t

y 5. t

vy t

Fy t

correct Explanation: Since there is a constant force, gravity, downward, the plot of the y-position should be parabolic with negative slope whose magnitude is increasing over time, until it hits the oor. At this point the slope should switch sign and point upward and decrease in magnitude over time. The velocity should be initially 0 m/s since the ball started from rest, and decrease linearly until it hits the oor, at which point it is very quickly given a boost to a positive value, and again continues to decrease linearly. The force should be always a negative constant value, except for when the ball hits the oor, at which point it should be a narrow positive peak to indicate the brief upward force exerted on the ball by the oor. 005 10.0 points Consider a car of mass 1200 kg moving without slipping on an inclined circular track of radius R = 13 m. The track is inclined at an angle = 35 o with respect to the horizontal direction. Assume g = 9.8 m/s2 . Assuming that the track is frictionless, what is the speed at which the car must move to avoid slipping up or down the track. Correct answer: 9.44492 m/s. Explanation:

F32 = m3 a =

m3 F = F23 m1 + m2 + m3

004 10.0 points A rubber ball is dropped from rest onto the oor, and bounces back up to the same height from which it started. Ignore the force of friction due to the air. Which of the following sets of plots most accurately depict this motion? (The force plots depict the force on the ball by the environment.) y 1. t vy t Fy t

y 2. t

vy t

Fy t

banks (crb2863) Final Exam Spring 2012 rodenborn (57381) Take the radially inward direction as the x-axis and the vertical direction orthogonal to the x-axis as the y-axis. With the above choice for axes, the free body diagram leads to the following equations, Fcentripetal = max = mv 2 /R This force must be supplied by the xcomponent of the normal force so mv 2 /R = N sin Since the car only accelerates in the radially inward direction, the y-component of the normal force must be equal and opposite to the gravitational force giving may = N cos mg = 0 Eliminating N from the above equations, we get v = gRtan. 006 10.0 points Suppose the potential energy of an object is given by: U = a r2 + b r4 where a = 11 J/m2 and b = 8.5 J/m4 . What is the force on the object when it is at r = 3.7 m? Correct answer: 1803.6 N.

1 of the objects volume is displacing while 3 the heavier liquid.

If the density of the heavier liquid is and the density of water is w , what is the total buoyant force on the object? 1. ( w ) V g w V g 3 2 w V g 3. 3 ( + 2 w ) V g correct 4. 3 (2 + w ) V g 5. 3 2. 6. ( + w ) V g V g 3 Explanation: The buoyant force is the density of the uid displaced times the volume displaced, so 7. FB = 2 1 ( + 2 w ) V g w V g + V g = . 3 3 3

Explanation: The force exerted on an object is given by F = dU/dr so taking the derivative of the potential energy function gives F = dU/dr = (2a r + 4b r 3 )

008 10.0 points An astronaut in a space shuttle at a height 200 and inserting r = 3.7 m gives km above the surface of the earth (radius 6380 km) drops a wrench that has mass M. The F = [2(11 J/m2 )(3.7 m)+4(8.5 J/m4 )(3.7 m)3 ] wrench oats nearby the astronaut. What is the net force on the wrench? F = 1803.6 N 1. Impossible to determine without more information 007 10.0 points An object of volume V is oating at the interface between water and a denser liquid. 2 of the objects volume is displacing water, 3 2. None of the above 3. Much less than Mg (g = 9.8 m/s2 )

banks (crb2863) Final Exam Spring 2012 rodenborn (57381) 4. Approximately Mg (g = 9.8 m/s ) correct 5. Zero Explanation: The wrench experiences approximately the same gravitational force as it would on the surface of the earth Mg, though slightly smaller because it is at a radius that is 200km larger than it would be at the surface. As it circles around the earth, the gravitational force accelerates the wrench, changing only the direction, not the magnitude of its velocity. Likewise, the astronaut experiences a gravitational force about the same as he or she would at the surface, and an acceleration also approximately equal to g. Thus, the wrench appears to not accelerate at all with respect to the astronaut, i.e. appears weightless to the astronaut. 009 10.0 points Two electrons with charge q and mass m are held at a distance d apart. After they are let go, what would the nal speed of each electron approach as time goes to innity? 1 k= 40 1. vf = 2. vf = 3. vf = 4. vf = 5. vf = 0 6. vf = 7. vf = 8. vf = 2 k q2 d2 m k q2 correct dm k q2 2 d2 m 2 k q2 dm k q2 d2 m
2

We take the initial state to be when the electrons are held at a distance d apart, and the nal state to be when they are innitely far apart, since there is a repulsive electric force between them. Then, energy conservation gives: Ei = Ef K i + Ui = K f + Uf 0+ k q2 1 2 = 2 m vf +0 d 2 k q2 vf = dm

010 10.0 points A simple harmonic oscillator is described by the function x(t) = (6 cm) cos s1 t + 2 .

What is the acceleration of this oscillator at t = 0 ? 1. 6 cm/s2 2. Zero 3. 18.8 cm/s2 4. 2 cm/s2 5. 59.2 cm/s2 6. 6 cm/s2 7. 24.6 cm/s2 correct 8. 24.6 cm/s2 9. 18.8 cm/s2 10. 59.2 cm/s2

k q2 2d m Explanation:

Explanation: The general form is x(t) = A cos( t + ) , so dx vx = = A sin( t + ) and dt d vx = A 2 cos( t + ) . ax = dt

banks (crb2863) Final Exam Spring 2012 rodenborn (57381) At t = 0, 4. Figure III ax (0) = (6 cm)( s1 )2 cos(2) = 24.6 cm/s2 . 5. Figure II correct 6. Figure IV

011 10.0 points Which of the diagrams corresponds to a system of a proton and an electron that start out far apart, moving toward each other (that is, their initial velocities are nonzero and they are heading straight at each other)? Note that the horizontal and vertical axes in each plot are the separation between the particles and energy, respectively. (I) K +U K U r U (II)

Explanation: When the two particles are very far away, their potential energy is 0, and since they have nonzero initial velocities, this means that they are unbounded and thus have an overall positive energy at r = , which is also equal to the kinetic energy at that location. As the electron and proton get closer, due to their Coulomb attraction their kinetic energies increase while the negative potential energy decreases even further. Thus the correct answer is Figure (II). 012 10.0 points

K +U r

(III)

K +U r

(IV)

K +U r

(V)

K K +U U

(VI) r K +U K U r

In a test for a Springeld rie, a bullet of 9.7 g hits a block of wood of 3 kg. The block of wood is held by pendulum of length 2.2 m and the angle with respect to the vertical where the velocity goes to zero is 62 degrees. What is the speed of the bullet before impact? Assume the acceleration due to gravity to be 9.8 m/s2 . Also assume that the mass of the bullet is negligible compared to the mass of the block. Correct answer: 1479.3 m/s. Explanation: Let the velocity of the block be given by vB and that of the bullet be given by vb . The mass of the bullet is mb and that of the block is given by MB . The length of the pendulum is l and the angle at which velocity becomes zero is . Using momentum conservation we have mb vb = (mb + MB ) vB

1. Figure I 2. Figure V 3. Figure VI

banks (crb2863) Final Exam Spring 2012 rodenborn (57381) We make use of the fact that the mass of the block is much greater than the mass of the bullet, i.e MB mb . vb = MB vB mb

We make use of the principle of conservation of energy K f + K i = Uf + Ui K i = Uf 1 2 (MB + mb )vB = (MB + mb )gh 2 = (MB + mb )gl(1 cos ) vB =

Explanation: When the mass is very gradually let down onto the spring, the net work done on the mass is 0 because at every instant while it is being let down, the net force acting on the mass is 0 (since the man always provides just enough force to balance all the forces). The nal spring compression is determined by the fact that there is no net force acting on the mass even when the man has let it down, i. e., the spring force and the force of gravity cancel. Hence we can write kd1 M g = 0.

2gl(1 cos ) From this, we get MB vb = 2gl(1 cos ) Mg mb d1 = . k 3 vb = 2(2.2 m)(9.8 m/s2 )(1 cos(62)) 0.0097 When the mass is let go all of a sudden, it = 1479.3 m/s is easy to see that when the spring has been compressed by d1 , there will still be a downward momentum for the mass due to the fact 013 10.0 points that it has been pulled down by the force of A spring of stiness k and relaxed length gravity which was always greater in magniL stands vertically on a table. A person tude than the spring force (the work done till takes a mass M and very slowly lets the mass that instant would be non-zero). Hence, the down onto the spring. On letting go, he nds mass goes down further, until all its Kinetic that the mass does not move and the spring energy has been converted into potential enis compressed by a length d1 . The same ergy. Eventually, the mass oscillates about experiment is now repeated by letting the the equilibrium position conserving its total mass go all of a sudden when the spring is still energy all the time. By using conservation unstretched. The spring is found to compress of energy between the topmost point of osby a length d2 when the mass momentarily cillation (the point at which the man just let comes to rest. What is the ratio d1 /d2 ? the mass go) and the bottommost point of oscillation (when the mass just comes to stop 1. kL Mg momentarily), we get 2. 1 4 KE1 +GP E1 +SP E1 = KE2 +GP E2 +SP E2 . 3. 4 4. 2 5. 1 2 correct 6. 1 7. Mg
kL

This translates to 1 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 M gd2 + kd2 . 2 2 From this, we get d2 = 2M g . k

banks (crb2863) Final Exam Spring 2012 rodenborn (57381) From these two expressions, we can see that the required ratio is 1/2. 014 10.0 points A beam of high-energy (negative pions) is shot at a ask of liquid hydrogen, and sometimes a pion interacts through the strong interaction with a proton in the hydrogen, in the reaction + p+ + X + , where X is a positively charged particle of unknown mass. Before After p+ X
+ +

8 sin 37 tan

p,i = p,f cos 37 + p,f tan =

= 28.1937 .

p,f sin 37 p,i p,f cos 37 1525 MeV/c sin 37 = 2930 MeV/c 1525 MeV/c cos 37

37

015 10.0 points A massless rod of length L has a mass m fastened at one end and a mass 2 m fastened at the other end. What is the ratio (Im /Ic ) of the moment of inertia about an axis through the mass m (Im ) to the moment of inertia through the center of the rod (Ic )? 1. 4 3 3 2 1 2 3 4 3 8 8 correct 3

2. 3.

The incoming pion momentum is 2930 MeV/c. The pion is scattered through 37 , and its momentum is measured to be 1525 MeV/c. The X + particle is scattered through an unknown angle with an unknown momentum. A pion has a rest energy of 140 MeV, and a proton has a rest energy of 938 MeV. Find the scattering angle of the X + particle. Correct answer: 28.1937 Degrees. Explanation: We conserve momentum in the x and y directions: p,i =p,f cos 37 + pX cos 0 =p,f sin 37 pX sin

4. 5. 6.

7. 2 2 3 Explanation: For the axis through the mass m, 8. Im = (2 m) L2 and for the axis through the center of the rod, Ic = m L 2
2

We rearrange the second expression to solve for pX , and then plug it into the rst expression and solve for . p,i = p,f cos 37 + pX cos

+2m

L 2

3 m L2 , 4

so

Im 2 m L2 8 = = . 3 Ic 3 m L2 4

banks (crb2863) Final Exam Spring 2012 rodenborn (57381) 016 10.0 points

Explanation: Right before impact the angular momentum of the system comes from the clay: Li = mvR cos . After the impact, the nal angular momentum is Lf = I = . The moment of inertia for the combined system is I = M R2 + mR2 , so Lf = mR2 + M R2 .

A stationary bicycle wheel of radius R is mounted in the vertical plane on a horizontal low friction axle. Initially the wheel is not rotating. The wheel has mass M , all concentrated in the rim (spokes have negligible mass). A lump of clay with mass m falls and sticks to the outer edge of the wheel at an angle with respect to the horizontal axis. Just before impact the clay has a speed v . Just after impact, what is the magnitude of the angular velocity of the wheel? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. M v sin mR mv MR mv (m + M )R 2 mv sin MR mv M R2 Mv mR mv cos MR mv (m + M )R mv cos correct (m + M )R mv sin (m + M )R

Using conservation of angular momentum, we get mvR cos = (m + M )R2 . Solving for gives = mv cos . (m + M )R

017 10.0 points A block of mass 3 kg hangs from a rope that is wrapped around a disk of the same mass and radius 35 cm. This disk is glued onto another disk of again the same mass and radius 71 cm. The two disks rotate on a xed axle (see gure).

banks (crb2863) Final Exam Spring 2012 rodenborn (57381) If the block is released at a height 1.5 m above the ground, what is the angular speed of the two disk system just before the block hits the ground? Use g = 9.81 m/s2 . Correct answer: 8.21772 rad/s. Explanation: Using the energy principle, Ktrans,f + Krot,f = Ui . 1 For a disk, I = M R2 . Adding the two mo2 ments of inertia and knowing that the speed of the box is v = R1 , we solve for : 1 2 1 mv + 2 2 1 2 1 2 mr + mr 2 = mgh 2 1 2 2
2 r1 r2 r2 + 1+ 2 2 4 4

10

019 10.0 points If all three collisions in the gure are totally inelastic, which cause(s) the most damage (deformation of objects, thermal energy increase, etc.)? Assume that the wall is stationary and the car is completely stopped by it in the rst diagram.

I
II
III

m
m
m

v
v
v

brick wall
0.5v
2v

2m
0.5m

1. all three 2 = gh 2. I, III 3. II, III 4. I 5. II 6. I, II 7. III correct Explanation: By momentum conservation the nal velocity in all three cases is zero, so in each case all the kinetic energy is lost, causing damage by crumpling the vehicles. The kinetic energy lost in case I is 1 KI = mv 2 2 . The kinetic energy lost in case II is 1 1 KII = mv 2 + (2m)(0.5v )2 2 2 3 = mv 2 . 4

= =

4gh 2 + r2 3 r1 2 4(9.81 m) 3(35 cm)2 + (71 cm)2 m/s2 )(1.5

8.21772 rad/s. (Dont forget to convert your units.) 018 10.0 points A single constant force 25.8 N acts on a particle of mass 2.38 kg. The particle starts at rest at t = 0. What is the instantaneous power delivered by the force at t = 2.95 s? Correct answer: 825.058 W. Explanation: The instantaneous power delivered by a force F is P = F v = F at F2 t F t= =F m m 2 (25.8 N) (2.95 s) = 2.38 kg = 825.058 W

banks (crb2863) Final Exam Spring 2012 rodenborn (57381) The kinetic energy lost in case III is 1 1m KIII = mv 2 + (2v )2 2 22 3 = mv 2 . 2 Since K3 > K2 > K1 , case III causes the most damage. 020 10.0 points Suppose that you detected a photon being emitted from a hydrogen atom with energy approximately 12.75 eV. Suppose also that somehow you were able to tell that the hydrogen atom ended up in its ground state. In what energy state was the hydrogen atom before it emitted the photon? 1. n = 1 2. n = 5 3. n = 4 correct 4. n = 2 5. Cannot be determined. 6. n = 3 Explanation: The energy levels of a hydrogen atom are given by: 13.6eV EN = N2 And so given that the hydrogen atom went from an energy state n to the ground state (N = 1), the energy of the emitted photon is given by the dierence of the energies of the two states: 13.6eV 13.6eV n2 12 1 = 13.6eV 1 2 n
W L

11
1/2 1/2

n= 1

Ephoton 13.6eV 12.75eV = 1 13.6eV =4

021 10.0 points A uniform bar of length L and weight W is attached to a wall with a hinge that exerts a horizontal force Hx and a vertical force Hy on the bar. The bar (which makes an angle with respect to wall) is held by a cord that makes a 90 angle with respect to bar.

What is the magnitude of the tension T in the cord? 1 W cos 2 1 2. T = W tan 2 1 3. T = W sin correct 2 1 4. T = W sin2 2 1 5. T = W cos2 2 1 6. T = W sin cos 2 Explanation: Analyzing the torques on the bar, with the hinge at the axis of rotation, 1. T =

Ephoton =

We can then invert this expression to solve for n:

banks (crb2863) Final Exam Spring 2012 rodenborn (57381)

12

= LT T =

L sin W = 0 2

1 W sin . 2

022 10.0 points A 300 g block of aluminum at a temperature of 610 K is placed in intimate contact with a 600 g block of iron at 300 K. The blocks are contained within an insulated enclosure. What is the nal temperature of the two blocks? Given: The specic heat capacity of aluminum is 1 J/K/g and the specic heat capacity of iron is 0.4 J/K/g. Correct answer: 472.2 K. Explanation: Let : TAl mAl CAl TF e mF e CF e = 610 K , = 300 g , = 1 J/K/g , = 300 K , = 600 g , and = 0.4 J/K/g .

A hoop of mass M and radius R rolls without slipping down a hill, as shown in the rst gure below. The lack of slipping means that when the center of mass of the hoop has speed v , the tangential speed of the hoop relative to the center of mass is also equal to vCM , since in that case the instantaneous speed is zero for the part of the hoop that is in contact with the ground (vCM vrim = 0). Therefore, the angular speed of the rotating hoop is = vCM . R

M R

v of rim relative to center of mass

v of center of mass

The initial speed of the hoop is vi , and the hill has a height h. What is the speed vf at the bottom of the hill? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1 g h + vi 2
2 correct g h + vi 2 2 g h + vi

Let the nal temperature be Tf . Heat will ow from the hot object to the cold object subject to the constraint that the net thermal energy will be conserved. Ethermal = C m T Ethermal (Al) + Ethermal (F e) = 0 CAl mAl TAl + CF e mF e TF e = 0 (1 J/K/g)(300 g)(Tf 610 K) + (0.4 J/K/g)(600 g)(Tf 300 K) = 0 Thus, the nal temperature Tf is Tf = 472.2 K 023 10.0 points

2 g h + vi 1 2 g h + vi 2 g h + vi

Explanation: Apply the Energy Principle to the hoop. Dene the system to be the hoop. The ramp does zero work on the hoop since the point of application of the force has zero displacement (i.e., the wheel rolls without slipping).

banks (crb2863) Final Exam Spring 2012 rodenborn (57381)

13

E = W Ktrans + Krot = Fgrav rCM + Framp rramp

When the person attempts to climb the ladder, how far up the ladder will the person reach before the ladder slips (kaboom)? The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . Correct answer: 1.72996 m. Explanation: Let : g = 9.8 m/s2 , = 58 , L = 2. 3 m , m = 16.4 kg , and = 0.47 . Nw

Ktrans + Krot = Fgrav rCM + 0 Ktrans + Krot = M g (h) . So we have M g h = Ktrans,f Ktrans,i + Krot,f Krot,i 1 1 2 2 = M vf M vi 2 2 1 1 2 2 M R 2 i + M R 2 f 2 2 1 1 2 2 = M vf M vi 2 2 v2 1 1 v2 2 f + M R 2 M R2 i2 2 R 2 R 2 2 = M vf M vi
2 vf

f
P ivot

gh =

2 vi

vf =

2. g h + vi

mg Nf

024 10.0 points A 16.4 kg person climbs up a uniform ladder with negligible mass. The upper end of the ladder rests on a frictionless wall. The bottom of the ladder rests on a oor with a rough surface where the coecient of static friction is 0.47 . The angle between the horizontal and the ladder is 58 .

Fx = f Nw = 0

f = Nw

Fy = Nf m g = 0 = m g d cos Nw L sin = 0 Nw L sin = m g d cos f L sin = m g d cos mgd f= L tan The ladder may slip when f = fmax = Nw , so fmax m g mgd L tan d L tan (0.47) (2.3 m) tan 58 1.72996 m .

2. 3 m =0 58 d 16.4 kg = 0.47

banks (crb2863) Final Exam Spring 2012 rodenborn (57381) 025 10.0 points d X X

14

A 108 kg boat that is 9.6 m in length is initially 7.7 m from the pier. A 45 kg child stands at the end of the boat closest to the pier. The child then notices a turtle on a rock at the far end of the boat and proceeds to walk to the far end of the boat to observe the turtle. 7. 7 m 9. 6 m

How far is the child from the pier when she reaches the far end of the boat? Assume there is no friction between boat and water. Correct answer: 14.4765 m. Explanation:

Let :

D = 7. 7 m , L = 9. 6 m , M = 108 kg , m = 45 kg .

Finally, the center of mass of the boat-child system is L D + X M + (D + L X ) m 2 , xcm = M +m where X is the change in position of the center of mass of the boat. Since the center of mass of the system does not move, we can equate the above two expressions for xcm : L D+ M +Dm 2 M +m L D + X M + (D + L X ) m 2 = M +m and, solving for X , we have L D+ M +Dm 2 L = D + X M + (D + L X ) m 2 X M + (L X ) m = 0 X (M + m) = L m m X = L m+M 45 kg (9.6 m) = 45 kg + 108 kg = 2.82353 m . The nal distance of the child from the pier is =D+LX = 7.7 m + 9.6 m 2.82353 m = 14.4765 m .

and

Use the pier as the origin of the xcoordinate. D L

Initially, the center of mass of the boat-child system is L M +Dm 2 M +m

D+ xcm =

026 10.0 points Two identical stars, a xed distance D apart, revolve in a circle about their mutual center of mass, as shown below. Each star has mass M and speed v .

banks (crb2863) Final Exam Spring 2012 rodenborn (57381)

15

v M v M

D Which of the following is a correct relationship among these quantities? G is the universal gravitational constant. 1. v 2 = 2. v 2 = 3. v 2 = 4. v 2 = 5. v 2 = 6. v = 7. v 2 =
2

In quantum mechanics a one-dimensional harmonic oscillator has discrete energies given by 1 EN = h 0 N + , with N = 0, 1, 2, 3, ... 2 Consider a gas of one-dimensional oscillators in equilibrium at a temperature T . Calculate the relative percentage (relative probability100%) of oscillators in the N = 2 state compared with nding one in the N = 0 state if h 0 = 1.1 1021 J and the temperature is 50 K . Boltzmanns constant is kB = 1.38065 1023 J/K . Correct answer: 4.12995%. Explanation: = 1.38065 1023 J/K , = 1.1 1021 J , = 2 , and = 50 K .

2GM D GM D 4GM D GM correct 2D 2 G M2 D 4 G M2 D GM D2

Using : kB h 0 N T

EN = h 0 N +

1 2

N = 0, 1, 2, 3, .....

8. v 2 = M G D Explanation: From circular orbital movement, the cen2 v2 v2 = tripetal acceleration is a = . D D 2 Using Newtons second law of motion, the acceleration is a= 1 G M2 GM F = = 2 M M D D2

eEN /(kB T ) 1 1 h0 P2 = E /(k T ) = exp N+ P0 kB T 2 2 e 0 B N h 0 = exp kB T 2 (1.1 1021 J) = exp (1.38065 1023 J/K) (50 K) = 0.0412995 100% = 4.12995% . 028 10.0 points How many distinct ways are there to arrange 6 identical purple balls, 9 red numbered balls and 4 identical green balls in 5 identical boxes? 1. 24! 9! 4! 5! 23! 2. 6! 4! 5!

2 v2 F GM =a= = D M D2 GM . v2 = 2D 027 10.0 points

banks (crb2863) Final Exam Spring 2012 rodenborn (57381) 23! 4! 23! 4. 9! 4! 4! 24! 5. 6! 9! 4! 5! 23! 6. 6! 9! 4! 5! 24! 7. 6! 9! 4! 4! 24! 8. 9! 4! 4! 23! 9. 6! 9! 4! 4! 23! correct 10. 6! 4! 4! Explanation: There are a total of 6 + 9 + 4 = 19 balls and (5 1) = 4 divisions between the boxes giving a total of 23! total arrangements. However, some arrangements are indistinguishable because there are 6! indistinguishable arrangements of the purple balls, 4! indistinguishable arrangements of the green balls and 4! indistinguishable barriers between the boxes. Thus, the number of distinct arrangements is 3. 23! Number of arrangements = . 6! 4! 4! 029 10.0 points A thin rod of length 2L has a linear density that varies as a function of the distance, x, from the center of the rod given by the equation (x) = (1 + A x2 ) in units of kg/m. The rod is rotating about its center, as shown in the gure. Calculate the moment of inertia for the rod. A L3 3

16

2. L + 3.

L2 6 L4 A L6 4. + 2 3 2 L 5. 12 2 L3 2 A L5 6. + correct 3 5 L3 A L5 7. + 6 10 2 A L4 L + 8. 2 4 3 L A L5 9. + 3 5 Explanation: To calculate the moment of inertia, we need to integrate each segment of the rod of mass dm = (x)dx times the square of its distance from the center of rotation,
L

I=
L L

x2 dm x2 (x)dx x2 (1 + A x2 )dx x2 + A x4 dx
L L

=
L L

=
L L

=
L

= x3 / 3 + A x5 / 5 so we get I=

2 L3 2 A L5 + . 3 5

2 A L3 1. 2 L + 3

030 10.0 points Given: g = 9.8 m/s2 . The eect of air resistance, or drag, on raindrops is important for our survival because raindrops reach terminal velocity rather than have their velocity increase continuously as they fall. Consider a spherical raindrop

banks (crb2863) Final Exam Spring 2012 rodenborn (57381) with radius R = 0.01 m that falls from a height h = 9725.49 m. Let air = 1.2 kg/m3 be the density of the atmosphere, which we will consider constant as the drop falls. Let w = 1000 kg/m3 be the density of water and let C = 0.5 be the aerodynamical drag coecient of the raindrop. What is the ratio (KE0/KEdrag ) of the kinetic energy of a raindrop falling without drag (KE0) compared to the kinetic energy of a raindrop that experiences a drag force (KEdrag ) ? Correct answer: 437.647. Explanation: Now the kinetic energy of a raindrop that falls without drag will equal the change in gravitational potential energy as it falls KE = mgh However, for a raindrop subject to drag, at terminal speed vt the air drag on the drop C 2 Fd = R2 air vt 2 equals the force of gravity Fgravity = 4R3 w g. 3

17

Thus C 4R3 2 R2 air vt = w g, 2 3 and hence 8 w 2 Rg. vt = 3C air so the kinetic energy of the raindrop at terminal speed KE,t is
2 KE,t = 1/2mvt 4m w Rg. = 3C air Taking the ratios of the kinetic energies gives: h KE /KE,t = 4 w 3C air R = 437.647

Air drag is a good thing!