1

Phn 1:
CC TR TRONG I S:

Mt s dng ton thng gp:

Dng 1: a v dng bnh phng
I. Phng php gi:
a v dng
A
2
0, hoc A
2
+ c c (vI c l hng s) du bng xy ra khi A=0
II. Mt s bi tp v d:
V d 1:
Tm gi tr ln nht ca P
( )
1 x x =
Li gii:
( )
2
1 1 1
1
2 4 4
P x x x x x
| |
= = + = +
|
\

ng thc xy ra khi
1
2
x = v
1
4
x =
Do gi tr ln nht ca P l
1
4
t khi
1
4
x =
V d 2:
Tm gi tr ca x biu thc
2
1
2 2 5 x x +
c gi tr ln nht

Li gii:
Ta c:
( )
2
2
2
2 2 5 2 3 3
1 1
3 2 2 5
x x x
x x
+ = +

+



Do , khi 2 x = th bu thc
2
1
2 2 5 x x +
c gi tr ln nht l
1
3

V d 3:
VI x,y khng m; tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc:
2 3 2 2004, 5 P x xy y x = + +
Li gii:
t , x a y b = = vI , 0 a b ta c:
www.laisac.page.tl
Chuyn:
C
C C
C
C CT
T TR
R R

2
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2 3 2 2004, 5
2 1 3 2004, 5
2 1 1 2 2 2003, 5
1 1
1 2 2003, 5
4 2
1
1 2 2003 2003
2
P a ab b a
a b a b
a b a b b b
a b b b
a b b
= + +
= + + +
= + + + + +
| |
= + + +
|
\
| |
= + +
|
\

V ( )
2
1 0 a b v
2
1
0 ,
2
b a b
| |

|
\



1 a b = +
3
2
a =

2003 P =

1
2
b =
1
2
b =

Vy P t gi tr nh nht l 2003 khi
3
2
x = v
1
2
y = hay
9
4
x = v
1
4
y =
III. Bi tp t gii:
1) Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc:
2 2
2 5 4 2 P x y xy x = +
2) Tm gi tr nh nht ca ( )
2 2
, 2 6 12 45 f x y x xy y x = + +
3) Cho hai s x,y tho mn ng thc:
2 2
2
1
8 4
4
x y
x
+ + =
Xc nh x,y tch xy t gi tr nh nht
4) Cho a l s c nh, cn x, y l nhng s bin thin. Hy tm gi tr nh
nht ca biu thc: A = (x 2y + 1)
2
+ (2x + ay +5)
2

Hng dn giI v p s:
1)Max P = 3 khi (x,y) = (1, -2)
2) ( ) ( )
2
2
, 6 5 9 9 f x y x y y = + +
3) Thm
2
4 4 xy x + vo 2 v
Kt qu: xy t GTNN l
1
2
khi
1
2
x = 1 y =
4) 0 A khi a -4,
9
5
A = khi a = -4
3
Dng 2: s dng min gi tr ca hm s
I. Phng php gi:
Cho y = f(x) xc nh trn D
( )
0
y f D phng trnh ( )
0
y f x = c nghim
0
a y b
Khi min y = a, max y = b

II. Mt s bi tp v d:
V d 1:
Tm Max v Min ca:
2
1
x
y
x
=
+

Li gii:
Tp xc nh D = R
0
y l mt gi tr ca hm s
phng trnh
0 2
1
x
y
x
=
+
c 1 nghim x R
phng trnh
2
0 0
x y y x + = c nghim x R
phng trnh
2
0 0
0 x y x y + = c nghim x R
0

2
1 4 0 y

2
4 y

1 1
2 2
y
Vy Min y =
1
2
, Max y =
1
2


V d 2:
Xc inh cc tham s a, b sao cho hm s
2
ax
1
b
y
x
+
=
+
t gi tr ln nht bng
4, gi tr nh nht bng 1
Li gii:
Tp xc nh D = R
0
y l mt gi tr ca hm s phng trnh
0 2
ax+b
1
y
x
=
+
c nghim x R
phng trnh
2
0 0
ax 0 y x y b + = c nghim x R (1)
Nu 0
0 y =
th (1) ax = -b c nghim


a = b = 0


a 0
Nu 0
0 y
th (1) c nghim
0

2
0 0
4( ) 0 a y b y

4

2 2
0 0
4 4 0 y by a + +

Theo 0
y
t gi tr ln nht l 4, gi tr nh nht l 1 nn phng
trnh
2 2
0 0
4 4 y by a + +
phI c nghim l 1 v 4 (do -1.4 = -4 < 0)

2
4
4
a
=

4 a =

Theo nh l Viet ta c :

3 b =

3 b =




Vy vI a = 4, b = 3 hoc a = -4, b = 3 th min y = -1, max y = 4

V d 3:
Tm gi tr ln nht ca hm s :
3
4
2
12 ( )
36
x x a
y
x
(
=
(
+


Li gii: Hm s cho xc nh khi ( ) 0 x x a
t
2
12 ( )
36
x x a
z
x
(
=
(
+

(1) th
4 3
y z = , 0 z
0
z l mt gi tr ca hm s (1) phng trnh
0 2
12 ( )
36
x x a
z
x

=
+
c nghim
hay phng trnh
2
0 0
(12 ) 12ax 36 0 z x z = c
nghim (2)

0
z

=12 : (2) ax = -36 c nghim khi 0 a

0
12 z : (2) c nghim
2
0 0
36 36 (12 ) 0 a z z = +

2 2
0 0
2 2
0 0
2 2
0
12 0
12 0
6 36 6 36
a z z
z z a
a z a
+

+ + +

V
0
0 z nn
2
0
0 6 36 z a + +
Vy max
2
6 36 z a = + + ; max
2 3 4
(6 36) y a = + +
III. Bi tp t gii:
1) Tm gi tr ln nht, nh nht ca biu thc:
2
2
2 2
2 2
x x
y
x x
+
=
+ +

2) Tm gi tr ln nht, nh nht ca biu thc:
3 3 4 1 1
4 3 3 1 1
x x
y
x x
+ + +
=
+ + +

3) Tm gi tr nh nht ca hm s :
2
1
( ) f x x x
x
= + + , x > 0
Hng dn giI v p s:
5
1) Max 3 2 2 y = + , Min 3 2 2 y =
2) k: 3 1 x
t
2
2
3 2.
1
t
x
t
+ =
+
;
2
2
1
1 2.
1
t
x
t

+ =
+
vI t = tg | | 0;1
2

Ta c
2
2
7 12 9
5 16 7
t t
y
t
+ +
=
+ +

Max y
9
7
y = khi x = -3; min
7
9
y = khi x = 1
0 < x
0
y (1)

2
0
1
y x x
x
= + +
x > 0
2 2
0 0
2 1 0 y x y x + =
(2)

iu kin (2) c nghim l
0
2 y
p dng Vi-et ta chng minh c
1 2 0
x x y < <
Vy min f(x) = 2 vI x >0

Dang 3: S dng mt s bt ng thc quen thuc

Bt ng thc Cauchy
I. Kin thc cn nm:
Cho hai s a, b 0, ta co:
ab
b a

+
2

Du = xy ra khi a = b
Cho n s a
1
, a
2
, , a
n
0, ta c:
n
n
n
a a a
n
a a a
...
...
2 1
2 1

+ + +

Du = xy ra a
1
= a
2
= = a
n

II. Mt s bi tp v d:
Bin php 1: p dng bt ng thc trc tip.
V d 1:
Cho x > 0 ; y > 0 tho mn iu kin
2
1 1 1
= +
y x
. Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu
thc A = y x +
Li gii:
3)Tm nghim ca h

6
V x > 0 ; y > 0 nn
x
1
> 0 ;
y
1
> 0 ;
0 ; 0 > > y x
, theo bt Cauchy c:
|
|

\
|
+
y x y x
1 1
2
1 1
.
1

=> 4
4
1 1
=> xy
xy

Vn dng bt Cauchy vi hai s dng x v y ta c
A = y x + 4 2 . 2 y x = 4 ( Du = xy ra x = y = 4)
Vy min A = 4 ( khi v ch khi x = y = 4).

Nhn xt: khng phi lc no ta cng c th dng trc tip bt Cauchy i vi
cc s trong bi. Di y ta s nghin cu mt s bin php bin i mt biu
thc c th vn dng bt Cauchy ri tm cc tr ca n.
Bin php 1 : tm cc tr ca mt biu thc ta tm cc tr ca bnh phng biu
thc .

V d 2:
Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc : A = . 3 7 5 3 x x +
Li gii:
KX :
.
3
7
3
5
x

A
2
= (3x 5) + (7- 3x) + ) 3 7 ).( 5 3 ( 2 x x
A
2
2 + ( 3x 5 + 7 3x) = 4 ( du = xy ra 3x 5 = 7 3x x = 2).
Vy max A
2
= 4 => max A = 2 ( khi v ch khi x = 2).

Nhn xt: Biu thc A c cho di dng tng ca hai cn thc. Hai biu thc
ly cn c tng khng i (bng 2). V vy, nu ta bnh phng biu thc A th s
xut hin hng t l hai ln tch ca cn thc. n y c th vn dng bt ng
thc Cauchy.

Bin php 2: Nhn v chia biu thc vi cng mt s khc 0.

V d 3:
Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc A =
x
x
5
9

Li gii:
KX : x 9
7
A =
x
x
5
9
=
30
1
10
3
9 9
5
3
3
9
2
1
5
3 .
3
9
=
+
=
|

\
|
+

x
x
x
x
x
x

(du = xy ra khi v ch khi 18 3
3
9
= =

x
x
).
Vy max A =
30
1
( khi v ch khi x = 18).

Nhn xt: Trong cch gii trn, x 9 c biu din thnh 3 .
3
9 x
v khi vn
dng bt Cauchy, tch 3 .
3
9 x
c lm tri tr thnh tng x
x
3
1
3
3
9
= +

c
dng kx c th rt gn cho x mu, kt qu l mt hng s. Con s 3 tm c
bng cch ly cn bc hai ca 9, s 9c trong bi.

Bin php 3: Bin i biu thc cho thnh tng ca cc biu thc sao cho tch
ca chng l mt hng s.
1. Tch mt hng t thnh tng ca nhiu hng t bng nhau.

V d 4 :
Cho x > 0, tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc : A = .
16 3
3
4
x
x +

Li gii:
A = 3x +
4
3 3 3
16
. . . . 4
16 16
x
x x x
x
x x x
x
+ + + =
A 4.2 = 8 ( du = xy ra khi v ch khi 2
16
3
= = x
x
x
Vy min A = 8 ( khi v ch khi x = 2).
Nhn xt: Hai s dng 3x v
x 3
16
c tch khng phi l mt hng s.Mun kh
c x
3
th phi c x
3
= x.x.x do ta phi biu din 3x = x + x + x ri dng bt
Cauchy vi 4 s dng.

2. Tch mt hng t cha bin thnh tng ca mt hng s vi mt hng t
cha bin sao cho hng t ny l nghch o ca hng t khc c trong
biu thc cho ( c th sai khc mt hng s).

V d 5:
Cho 0 < x < 2, tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc A = .
2
2
9
x x
x
+

8
Li gii:
A = 1
2
2
9
+

+
x
x
x
x

A 7 1 9 2 1
2
.
2
9
. 2 = + = +

x
x
x
x

( du = xy ra
2
1 2
2
9
=

x
x
x
x
x
).
Vy min A = 7 ( khi v ch khi
2
1
= x ).
Bin php 4: Thm mt hng t vo biu thc cho.
V d 6:
Cho ba s dng x, y, z tho mn iu kin x + y + z = 2. Tm gi tr nh nht ca
biu thc :
P = .
2 2 2
y x
z
x z
y
z y
x
+
+
+
+
+

Li gii:
p dng bt Cauchy i vi hai s dng
z y
x
+
2
v
4
z y +
ta c:
x
x z y
z y
x z y
z y
x
= =
+
+

+
+
+ 2
. 2
4
. . 2
4
2 2

Tng t:
z
y x
y x
z
y
x z
x z
y

+
+
+

+
+
+
4
4
2
2

Vy z y x
z y x
y x
z
x z
y
z y
x
+ +
+ +
+
|
|

\
|
+
+
+
+
+ 2
2 2 2

P ( ) 1
2
=
+ +
+ +
z y x
z y x (du = xy ra
3
2
= = = z y x ).

III. Bi tp t gii:

1) Cho x + y = 15, tm ga tr nh nht, gi tr ln nht ca biu thc:
B = 3 4 + y x
2) Cho x, y, z 0 tho mn iu kin x + y + z = a.
Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc A = xy + yz + xz.
Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc B = x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
.
9
3) Cho x, y, z l cc s dng tho mn iu kin x + y + z 12. Tm gi tr
nh nht ca biu thc P = .
x
z
z
y
y
x
+ +
4) Cho a, b, c l cc s dng tho mn iu kin a + b + c = 1. Tm gi tr
nh nht ca biu thc A = .
) 1 )( 1 )( 1 (
) 1 )( 1 )( 1 (
c b a
c b a

+ + +

5) Cho x, y tho mn iu kin x + y = 1 v x > 0. Tm gi tr ln nht ca
biu thc B = x
2
y
3
.
6) Tm gi tr nh nht ca
xy yz zx
A
z x y
= + + vi x, y, z l cc s dng v:
a) 1 x y z + + = b)
2 2 2
1 x y z + + =
7) Tm gi tr ln nht ca
3 3 3 3 3 3
1 1 1
1 1 1
A
a b b c c a
= + +
+ + + + + +
vi a, b, c l
cc s dng v abc = 1.
8)Tm gi tr nh nht, gi tr ln nht ca
A x y z xy yz zx = + + + + + bit rng
2 2 2
3 x y z + + = .
9) Tm gi tr nh nht ca 3 3
x y
A = + vi x + y = 4.
10) Tm gi tr nh nht ca
4
4 1 A x x = +

Hng dn gii v p s:
1.
KX : x 4, y 3
B 8 min B = 8 ( khi v ch khi x = 4, y = 11 hoc x = 12, y = 3). max B
2
=
16 nn max B = 4 ( khi v ch khi x = 8, y = 7).
2
.a. xy + yz + xz x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
(p dng bt Cauchy cho 2 s, ri cng li theo
v).
Suy ra: 3(xy + yz + xz) ( x + y + z )
2

Hay 3A a
2

b. B = x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
= ( x + y + z )
2
2( x + y + z )
B = a
2
2A
B min A max.
3.
P
2
= .
2 2 2
2 2 2
y
x z
x
z y
z
y x
x
z
z
y
y
x
+ + + + +
p dng bt Cauchy cho 4 s dng:
. 4
. . .
4
4
2 2 2
x
yz
z y x x
z
z
y x
z
y x
y
x
= + + +
Cn li: tng t
Cng v vi v li, ta c P
2
4(x + y + z) (x + y + z) = 3(x + y + z)
10
P
2
3.12 = 36
Min P = 6.( khi v ch khi x = y = z = 4).
4.
a + b + c = 1 1 a = b + c > 0. Tng t 1 b > 0, 1 c > 0.
C: 1 + a = 1 + (1 b c) = (1 b) + (1 c) ( )( ) c b 1 1 2
Suy ra (1 + a)(1 + b)(1 + c) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
1 1 1 8 c b a
A 8
Vy min A = 8.
5. Nu y 0 th B 0.
Nu y > 0 th
1 = x + y =
3125
108
108
5
3 3 3 2 2
3 2
5
3 2
+ + + + y x
y x y y y x x

hay B
3125
108

Suy ra max B =
3125
108
.
6.
Theo bt ng thc C-si
2. . 2
xy yz xy yz
y
z x z x
+ = tng t 2
yz zx
z
x y
+ ; 2
zx xy
x
y z
+

Suy ra 2A 2(x+y+z) = 2 ; min A = 1 vi
1
3
x y z = = =


b) Ta c
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2
2
x y y z z x
A
z x y
= + + +
Hy chng t
2
3 A .
Min A = 3 vi x = y = z =
3
3
.
7.
D chng minh ( )
3 3
a b ab a b + + vi a > 0, b > 0. Do :
( )
3 3
1 ( ). a b ab a b abc ab a b c + + + + = + +

1 1 1
1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
max 1 1
a b c
A
ab a b c bc a b c ca a b c abc a b c
A a b c
+ +
+ + = =
+ + + + + + + +
= = = =

8.
Tm gi tr ln nht:
p dng bt ng thc ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
3 x y z x y z + + + + ,ta c ( )
2
9 x y z + + nn
11
3 x y z + + (1)
Ta c bt ng thc
2 2 2
xy yz zx x y z + + + + m
2 2 2
3 x y z + + nn
3 xy yz zx + + (2)
T (1) v (2) suy ra 6 A . Ta c max 6 1 A x y z = = = = .
Tm gi tr nh nht : t x + y + z = m th
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 3 2 m x y z xy yz zx xy yz zx = + + + + + = + + +
Do
2
3
2
m
xy yz xz

+ + = . Ta c
2
3
2
m
A m

= + nn

( )
2
2
2 2 3 1 4 4.
2.
A m m m
A
= + = +



2 2 2
1
min 2
3
x y z
A
x y z
+ + =
=

+ + =

, chng hn x = -1, y = -1, z = 1.

9.

4
3 3 2 3 3 2 3 2 3
x y x y x y
A
+
= + = =


10.
Ta c x x (xy ra du bng khi v ch khi 0 x ) nn 4 4 . x x Do
4
4 1 A x x + .
p dng bt ng thc csi vi bn s khng m

4 4 4 4
1 1 1 4 4 4 1 2. x x x x x + + + = +
4
min 2 1 A x = = v 0 1 x x = .


Bt ng thc Bunhiacopski:
I. Kin thc cn nm:
Cho a, b, c, d tu , ta c
(a
2
+ b
2
)(c
2
+ d
2
) (ac + bd)
2

Du bng xy ra khi: ad = bc.
Cho a
1
, , a
n
v b
1
, , b
n
tu , ta c:
(a
1
2
+ + a
n
2
)(b
1
2
+ + b
n
2
) ( a
1
b
1
+ + a
n
b
n
)
2

Du bng xy ra khi:
n
n
b
a
b
a
= = ...
1
1

II. Mt s bi tp v d:
V d 1:
Tm gi tr ln nht ca : P = x x + 5 4 1 3
Li gii:
KX: 1 x 5
p dng bt Bunhiacopski c:
12
P
2
( 3
2
+ 4
2
)(x 1 + 5 x) = 100
Suy ra max P = 10 khi

4
5
3
1 x x
x =
25
61
.

V d 2:
Cho a, b, c > 0. Tm min P =
b a
c
a c
b
c b
a
+
+
+
+
+
3 4 5
.
Li gii:
P =
( ) ( ) ) 3 4 5 (
3 4 5
3 4 5 3
3
4
4
5
5
+ + |

\
|
+
+
+
+
+
+ + = + + +
+
+ +
+
+ +
+ b a c a c b
c b a
b a
c
c a
b
c b
a

= ( ) ( ) ( ) | | ) 3 4 5 (
3 4 5
.
2
1
+ + |

\
|
+
+
+
+
+
+ + + + +
b a c a c b
a c c b b a
( ) ( ) 3 4 5 3 4 5
2
1
2
+ + + + ( theo bt Bunhiacopski).
Vay min P = ( ) ( ) 3 4 5 3 4 5
2
1
2
+ + + + khi v ch khi
3 4 5
b a c a c b +
=
+
=
+
.

Tng qut:
Cho a, b, c > 0. Chng minh rng:
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
1
z y x xz yz xy z
b a
c
y
c a
b
x
c b
a
+ + + +
+
+
+
+
+
.
(cng vo v tri (x
2
+ y
2
+z
2
) ri tr i (x
2
+ y
2
+z
2
), sau p dng bt
Bunhicopski).

V d 3:
Cho a, b, c > 0. Tm min P =
a c
b
c b
b c
b a
c a
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 4 3 3

Li gii:
P = 10 6
4
2
3
2
3
|

\
|
+
+
+ |

\
|
+
+
+
+ |

\
|
+
+
+
a c
b
c b
a c
b a
c a

P = 10
6 6 4 3 3 2 3 2 3
|

\
|
+
+ +
+ |

\
|
+
+ +
+ |

\
|
+
+ +
a c
a c b
c b
a c b
b a
c b a

P = ( ) 10
2 1 1
3 2 3 |

\
|
+
+
+
+
+
+ +
a c c b b a
c b a
P = ( ) ( ) ( ) | | ( ) 6 10 2 . 2 1 1 10
2 1 1
. 2
2
= + + |

\
|
+
+
+
+
+
+ + + + +
a c c b b a
c a c b b a
Vy min P = 6 khi v ch khi (a + b)
2
= (b + c)
2
= (c + a)
2
hay a = b = c.
C s:
13
Chn , , sao cho:
) 3 2 3 ( ) ( 4 ) ( 3 ) ( 3 c b a m a c b c b a c b a c a + + = + + = + + + = + + + .
T suy ra 2 , 6 , 2 = = = = m .

III. Bi tp t gii:
1. Cho a, b, c > 0. Tm gi tr nh nht ca:
a) P =
a c
b a
c b
b a
b a
c b
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 5 4 8 9 3
.
b) Q =
a c
b a
c b
b a
b a
c b
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ 5 2 4 3
.
c) R =
c b a
c
c b a
b
c b a
c a
3
8
2
4
2
3
+ +

+ +
+
+ +
+
.
2. Tm gi tr nh nht, gi tr ln nht ca
2 2
A x y = +
bit rng
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2
2 3 2 1. x x y y + + =
3. Tm gi tr nh nht ca :

2 2 2
a b c
A
b c c a a b
= + +
+ + +
vi a, b, c l cc s dng v a + b + c =6.
4. Tm gi tr nh nht ca
2 1
2
A
x x
= +

vi 0 < x < 2.
5. Cho a, b, c > 0 v abc = 1
Tm gi tr nh nht ca
( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 3
1 1 1
A
a b c b a c c a b
= + +
+ + +

Hng dn gi v p s:
1. Cu a v cu b lm tng t v d 3
Cu c khng th lm nh v d 3 c, ta lm nh sau:
t a + 2b + c = x
a + b + 2c = y
a + b + 3c = z
t suy ra c = z y; b = x + y 2y; a = 5y x 3z.
khi R =
z
y
y
z
y
x
x
y
z
y z
y
y z x
x
x y 8
8 8
4 4
1
2 8 8 8 4 4 2
+ + + =

+
+
+

.
Ri p dng bt ta tm c min R.

2.
T gi thit suy ra

( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2 2
4 3 0. x y x y x + + + =
Do ( )( )
2
4 3 0 1 3 0 1 3. A A A A A +

min 1 0, 1.
max 3 0, 3.
A x y
A x y
= = =
= = =

3.
14
p dng bt ng thc Bunhiacpki cho 3 cp s
Ta c

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
a b c
b c a c a b
b c a c a b
(
| | | | | |
(
+ + + + + + + (
| | |
(

+ + +
\ \ \ (


( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
2
2 2 2
2
.
2
a b c
b c a c a b
b c a c a b
a b c
a b c a b c
b c a c a b
a b c a b c
b c a c a b
| |
+ + + + +
|
+ + +
\
| |
+ + + + + + (
|

+ + +
\
+ +
+ +
+ + +

Suy ra min A = 3.
4.
p dng bt ng thc Bunhiacopski

( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2
a b m n am bn + + +
Ta c:

( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2 2
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
2 1 2 1
2 2 2
2 2
2 2 1 3 2 2.
2 1
2 1
2
min 2 3 2 2 2 4 4
2
2
A x x x x
x x x x
A
x x
A x x x
x x x
x
(
| | | | | |
(
(
= + + +
| | |
| | | (

(
\ \ \

+ = +

= + = = = +

( )
2
2
4 4 8 2 8 2 2 2 x x x x + + = + = = (ch x > 0).
Vy
3
min 2 2 2 2 2
2
A x = + = .
5.
t
1 1 1
, , a b c
x y z
= = =
th
, , 0
1
x y z
xyz
>

Khi
2 2 2
x y z
A
y z z x x y
= + +
+ + +

p dng bt ng thc Bunhiacopski, bin i tng ng ta c:

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
x y z
x y z
A
y z z x x y
+ +
+ +
=
+ + + + +

Mt khc theo BDT csi ta c:
3
3 3 x y z xyz + + =
Vy
15

3
min
2
1
1 .
x y z
y z z x x y
A x y z
xyz
x y z a b c

= =

+ + +

= = =

= = = = =



Bt ng thc Bernoulli
I. Kin thc cn nm
) 0 , 1 (
1
>
+
x
x x

(1)
Du = xy ra khi x =1
II. Mt s bi tp v d:
V d 1:
Cho x, y > 0 sao cho x + y = 1. Tim gi tr nh nht :
a. P = x
2
+ y
2

b. Q = x
5
+ y
5

Li gii:
a.
p dng bt Bernoulli ta c:
(2x)
2
1 2 + 2(2x)
(2y)
2
1 2 + 2(2y)
Cng v theo v:
4P -2 + 4(x + y) = 2
P
2
1
.
Vy min P =
2
1
khi v ch khi x = y =
2
1
.
b.
p dng bt Bernoulli ta c:
(2x)
5
1 5 + 5(2x)
(2y)
5
1 5 + 5(2y)
Cng v theo v ta c:
32Q -8 + 10(x + y) = 2
Q
16
1

Vy min Q =
16
1
. Khi v ch x = y =
2
1
.
Tng qut:
S = x
m
+ y
m
, m 1 vi x + y = 1.
16


*. Theo (1), vi mi 0 > , ta c:
x x

+ 1 (1)
t x t x t = =

1

(1)



Du = xy ra khi t = 1.

V d 2:
Cho x, y > 0, sao cho x
3
+ y
3
= 1. Tm min P =
3
10
3
10
y x + .
Li gii:
Theo (2), ta c:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) 2 ) ( 2 .
9
10
9
2
2
2
9
10
9
10
1 2
2
9
10
9
10
1 2
3 3
3
10
3
3
3
3
10
3
3
3
3
10
3
= + +
+
+
y x P
y y
x x

Vy P
9
2
1

Hay min P =
9
2
1
khi v ch khi x = y =
3
2
1


*. T (2) thay t bi
0
t
t
, ta c:





Du = xy ra khi t = t
0
vi t
0
l im t gi tr nh nht.
Bi ton:
Cho 0 , , , ; .( 1 . . > = + d c b a y b x a

)
Tm min P =

y d x c . . +

t t + 1 (2)

t t t t . . 1
0 0

+
|
|

\
|
(3)
17
t
Y y d
X x c
=
=

Bi ton tr thnh : Cho

y n x m . . + = p (m,n > 0)
Tm min A =

y x +
Li gii:
Theo bt (3), ta c:

y y y y
x x x x
. 1
. 1
0 0
0 0

+
|
|

\
|

+
|
|

\
|


Cng li : A ( ) ( ). . . 1
0 0 0 0

y y x x y x

+ + +
|
|

\
|

Chn (x
0
, y
0
) tho mn:

y n x m . . + = p
n
y
m
x

=
0 0
.

Khi : A ( ) . . 1
0
0 0
m
x
y x

+ +
|
|

\
|
p.
Vy min A = ( ) . . 1
0
0 0
m
x
y x

+ +
|
|

\
|
p khi v ch khi x = x
0
, y = y
0
.





Dng 4: p dng bt ng thc trong tam gic v phung php ta , vect.

I. Phng php gii:
Vi 3 im A, B, C, bt k trong mt phng ta c: AB BC AC + (ng
thc khi B nm gia A v C).
Vi hai vc t bt k a
,
v b
,
ta c:
a b a b +
, , , ,
. ng thc khi a
,
v b
,
cng hng ( ) 1
Nu ( )
1 2
, a a a =
,
v ( )
1 2
b b b = +
,

( ) 1 ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2
a b a b a a b b + + + +
18
C
B
A
ng thc xy ra khi
1 1
2 2
.
.
a k b
a k b
=

( ) k R
Dng ton tm gi tr ln nht ca hm s:
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
y f x a g x b = + + + vi
( ) ( ) ( )
, 0 a b
f x g x k k R

S dng bt ng thc tam gic: gi s ( ) ( ) f x g x k = .
Trong mt phng Oxy xt im: ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
, M f x a OM f x a = + v
2 2
( ( ), ) ( ) N g x b ON g x b = + .
Ta c:
( )
2
2
2 2
( ) ( ) ( ) MN f x g x a b k a b = + + = + + .
V
2 2
( ) OM ON MN y k a b + + + .
ng thc xy ra khi M, N, O thng hng . ( ) . ( ) 0 a f x b g x + = .
Vy Min
2 2
( ) y k a b = + + .
II. Mt s bi tp v d:
V d 1:
Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc
2 2
1 1, . A a a a a a R = + + + +
Li gii:
D thy biu thc khng thay i khi thay a bi a , do ch cn gii vi 0 a .
Khi 0 a = : 2 A = .
Khi 0 a > : Xt ABC c:

1
2
3
AB
AM MB
CM a
AMC

= = =

Theo nh l hm csi:
2 2 2
1 2.1. .cos 1 .
3
AC a a a a

= + = +
2
1. AC a a = +
Tng t
2
1 BC a a = + + , 2. AB =
Khi :
2 2
1 1 2 2. AC BC AB a a a a A + + + + +
ng thc xy xy ra khi 0 a = . Vy 2 MinA = khi 0. a =

V d 2:
Tm gi tr nh nht ca:
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 . y x px p x qx q = + + +
Li gii:

3

M
19
Ta c:
2 2 2 2
( ) ( ) . y x p p x q q = + +
Xt im ( , ); ( , ). M x p p N x q q
Ta c:
2 2
( ) ( ) . MN p q p q = + +
V
2 2
( ) ( ) . OM ON MN y p q p q + + +
Min
2 2
( ) ( ) . y p q p q = + +
Khi , , M N Othng hng ( ) ( ) 0 .
p q q p
q x p q x q x
p q
+
+ = =
+


V d 3:
Tm gi tr nh nht ca:
2 2
cos 2.cos 5 cos 4.cos 8. y x x x x = + + + +
Li gii:
Trong mt phng Oxy , xt im
(2;1 cos ); (4, 3) M x N
Ta c: (2, 2 cos ) MN x = +
,
nh vy . y OM MN = +
Do 0 1 cos 2 x nn | | M AB vi (2, 0) A v
(2, 2) B .
Ta c:
2 2
4 3 5. OM MN ON + = + =
ng thc xy ra khi , , O M N thng hng
6 4.(1 cos ) 0 x =

1 2
cos 2 .
2 3
x x k

= = +
Vy Min 5 y = khi
2
2 .
3
x k

= +


V d 4:
Cho 3 s thc a, b, c tho mn h sau
2 2
2
1
2 ( ) 6
a c
b b a c
+ =

+ + =

( )
( )
1
2

Tm gi tr nh nht ca ( ). M b c a =
Li gii:
T gi thit ta c:
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 8 a c b ab bc + + + + =

2 2
( ) ( ) 4
2 2
b b
a c + + + =
Do ( )
2
2
(1) 2 ( 2 ) 4 c a + =
Xt ( ; ); (2 ; 2 )
2 2
b b
x a c y c a + +
, ,

20
Ta c: 2 x =
,
, 2 y =
,
, . .( ). x y b c a =
,,

M . . x y x y
, , , ,
cng hng:
2 2 2 2
2
.( ) 2
2 2
.( ) 2.( ) 1
2 2
10
b b
b a c
a c
b a c a c a c
c c
b
+ =
+ +

= + = + + =

(do (1) v (2) )
2 2
2 2
10
2
10
1
3 1 3 1
( , , ) ( , 10, ); ( , 10, )
10 10 10 10
10
2
10
1
b
a c
a c
a b c
b
a c
a c

+ =

+ =

+ =

+ =


Max ( ) 4 M b c a = = khi ( , , ) a b c nh trn.

III. Bi tp t gii:
1)Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca hm s

4 4 2
1 sin cos 2cos 2 y x x x = + + + +
2)Tm gi tr nh nht ca hm s:
2 2
1 3 1 y x x x x = + + +
3)Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca hm s:

4 4 2 2
4 4 2 2
2 1
x y x y
y
y x y x
| | | |
= + +
| |
\ \


4)Tm gi tr nh nht ca hm s:
( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2 1 2 3 1 1 2 3 1 1 f x x x x x x x = + + + + + + +

Hng dn gi v p s:

1.
Ta c:
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
1 1 cos 1 1 cos y x x = + + + +



x
y
O
1
1
2
B
N
2
A
M
21
Xt im M(1, 1-cos
2
x), N(2, 2) ta c:
( )
2
1,1 cos MN x = +
,

Ta c: y = OM + MN
Vi M thuc on [AB] vi A(1, 0) v B(1, 1)
Ta c miny = ON =
2 2
2 2 2 2 + =
Du = xy ra khi O, M, N thng hng

( )
2
2 2 1 cos 0 x =
2
cos 0 x =
V maxy = OA + AN = 1+
2
1 2 1 5 + = +
Du = xy ra khi M trng vi A
2
cos 1 x =

2.
Ta c:

2
2
1 3 3 1
2 4 2 4
y x x
| |
| |
= + + +
|
|
|
\
\

Xt im
1 3
,
2 2
M x
| |

|
|
\
v
3 1
,
2 2
N x
| |

|
|
\

Hai im M, N nm hai bn Ox. Ta c: y = OM + ON MN

2 2
3 1 3 1
min
2 2 2 2
3 1
min 2 2
4 4
y MN
y
| | | |
= = + + +
| |
| |
\ \
| |
= + =
|
\

Du = xy ra khi M, O, N thng hng:

( )
1 1 3 3
0
2 2 2 2
3 1 2 3 1
x x
x x
| |
| |
=
|
|
|
\
\
+ = =

3.

4 4 2 2
4 4 2 2
2 1
x y x y
y
y x y x
| | | |
= + +
| |
\ \

chn
2 2
2 2
x y
u
y x
= + | ) 2; u +
hm s y(x) tr thnh
f(u) = u
2
2u 3
phc ha th hm f(u) trong min | ) 2; + ta thu
c kt qu:
max f(u) khng tn ti
min f(u) = f(2) = -3
O
( ) f u
u
M
2
3
22
C
'
C
M
'
M
A
B
C
'
C
M
'
M
Vy: max y(x) khng tn ti
min y(x) = -3 t c khi
2 2
2 2
2
x y
y x
+ =

2
2
1
x
y
= mi im (x; y) thuc 2 ng phn gic y = x v y = -x
(tr gc O(0; 0))
4.
Hm s f(x) c th vit li di dng:
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2
2
3 1 3 1
1
2 2 2 2
f x x x x x x x
| | | |
| | | |
= + + + + + + + +
| |
| |
| |
\ \
\ \
(1)
Xt trn mt phng ta cc im
( )
3 1 3 1
0,1 , , , ,
2 2 2 2
A B C
| | | |

| |
| |
\ \

V im M(x,x) nm trn ng phn gic th nht.
D thy ABC l tam gic u, vi tm l gc ta . Theo cng th tnh
khong cch gia hai im trn mt phng ta , ta c v phi ca (1) chnh l
MA + MB + MC.









B : Nu ABC l tam gic u, th vi mi im M ca mt phng tam gic, ta
lun c MA + MB + MC OA + OB + OC, trong O l tm tam gic u.
Chng minh:
Nu M l im trong tam gic. Xt php quay R(A,60
0
), khi

'
'
M M
B C
C C
A A

MC = MC, MA = MM
Vy MA + MB + MC = MM

+ MB + M

BC


Mt khc nu gi O l tm tam gic u ABC th
OA + OB + OC = BC

MA + MB + MC OA + OB + OC
23
Nu M ngoi tam gic, chng minh tng t.
Theo b ta c
f(x) 3 (do OA = OB = OC)
Vy min f(x) = 3.


Dang 5 :Phng php s dng th hm s:
I. Phung php gii:
Phng php ny thng dng tm cc tr ca cc hm s sau:
2. Cc hm s qui v tam thc bc hai.
3. Cc hm s cha du gi tr tuyt i.
4. Cc bi ton chuyn c thnh ton hnh hc bng cch dng cng thc
di on thng:
2 2
( ) ( )
A B A B
AB x x y y = + .
y l cc bi ton m trong ( ) f x cho di dng cn bc hai m lm
di cn biu din c thnh di mt on thng no . y l u
th ca phng php th.
5. Cc hm s ( , ) u x y vi , x y tho mn trc iu kin.
II. Mt s bi tp v d:
V d 1:
Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca cc hm s sau:
2
1 1
) ( ) ( ) 3.( ) 1.
3
1
) ( ) .(2 sin ).( sin ).
15
x x
a y x
x
b y x x b x
+ +
= + +
= +

Li gii:
a)t
1 1
2.
x
u x
x x
+
= = +
Hm ( ) y x tr thnh:
2
( ) 3 1. y u u u = + +
Theo th hm ( ) y u trn [2; ). +
Ta c max ( ) y u = khng c.
miny(u)=y(2)=11.


b)t sin 1 1. u x u =
Hm ( ) y x thnh
1
( ) .(2 ).( ).
15
y u u b u = +
Da vo th ta c kt qu:
max ( ) (1) 1
7
min ( ) ( 1)
15
y u y
y u y
= =
= =

24
Khi
2
1.
1 0
1.
x
x
x

Khi
2
1 0 1 1. x x
Khi 1 x hoc 1. x
Khi 1 1. x
Khi 1 x hoc 1. x
Khi 1 1. x
Khi 3 x hoc 1. x
Khi 3 1. x
Khi 4 3. x
Khi 4 3. x

V d 2:
Tm gi tr nh nht ca:
2 2
( 1) . y x x = +
Li gii:
Tao c
2
1. y x x = +






Gi
2
1
1 y x x = + v
2
2
1 y x x = + +
th
1
2
y
y
y

V th ca y ta thy min ( 1) 1. y y = =
V d 3:
Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca:
( )( )
2 2
6 9 2 9 y x x x x x = + + + + + trong
5
[ 4; ]
4
.
Li gii:
Ta c: ( 3)( 1). y x x x = + + +
Do
( 3).( 1)
( 3).( 1)
x x
x x
+ +

+ +

Ta ch xt nhng gi tr ca
5
4; .
4
n
(

(


Ta c
2
2
5 3
3 3
x x
y
x x
+ +
=

V th
2
1
5 3 y x x = + +

2
2
3 3 y x x =
Da vo th:

2
1
3 3
max ( ) .
2 4
min ( 3) 3.
y y
y y
= =
= =



2
2
1
1
x x
y
x x
+

2
2
1
1
x x
y
x x
+
=

+ +

Khi 4 3. x
Khi
5
3 .
4
x

Y
2
Y
1
25
III. Bi tp tng t:
1.Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca 1 3 2 2 y x x x = + + vi
2 4. x
2.Tm gi tr nh nht ca:
2 2
4 12 13 4 28 53. y x x x x = + + +
3.Tm gi tr ln nht v nh nht ca hm s: 2 5 u x y = + + bit , x y tho:
2 2
36 16 9. x y + =
Hng dn v p s:
1.
Vi 2 1 x th (1 ) (3 ) (2 2) 6. y x x x = + =
Vi 1 1 x th 4 2. y x = +
Vi 1 3 x th 2 . y x =
Vi 3 4 x th 6. y =
Ta v th ca hm s 1 3 2 2 y x x x = + + vi 2 4. x
T th max 6 2 1. y x =
min 6 3 4. y x =





2.
Ta c:
2 2 2 2
(2 3) (0 2) (2 7) (0 2) . y x x = + + +
Trn mt phng to Oxy , xt
(2 , 0) M x , (3, 2) A , (7, 2) B
nh vy . y MA MB = +
, A B nm cng pha so vi Ox nn ly
' A i xng A qua . Ox
' A B ct Ox ti H ta c: '(3, 2) A



2 2
' ' (7 3) (2 2) 4 2. y MA MB MA MB A B = + = + = + + =

ng thc xy ra khi
5
2 5 .
2
M H x x = =
Vy min 4 2 y = khi
5
.
2
x =

26
3.
T iu kin
2 2 2 2 2
36 16 9 (6 ) (4 ) 3 . x y x x + = + =
t
1
6
6
4 1
4
x X
x X
y Y
y Y

Ta c
2 2 2
3 . X Y + = (1)
(1) l phng trnh ng trn ( ) C trong h trc to Oxy c tm O bn knh
3. R =
Hm
1 1
2 5 5.
3 4
u x y u X Y = + + = + +
4
4( 5).
3
Y X u = + ta gi phng trnh ny l phng trnh ng thng
d ng thng lun song song vi ng thng
4
3
Y X = v ct Oy ti
(0; 4( 5)). P u
-Ta v hai ng thng
1 2
, Y Y song song vi ng thng
4
3
Y X = v tip xc
( ) C .
-
1 2
, Y Y ct Oy ln lt ti N v M khi maxu l gi tr xc nh khi P N hay
4( 5) m naxu = trong (0; ). M m
Min u xc nh khi P N tc l 4(min 5) n u = trong (0; ) N m do M i
xng N qua O nn . m u =
-K
1
OH Y ly
1
OH Y (3; 0), (3; 4), A B OAB OHM = 5. m OM OB = = =
Khi
25
max .
5 4(max 5)
4
5 4(min 5) 15
min .
4
u
u
u
u

27
Phn 2: CC TR TRONG HNH HC PHNG


Dng 1: Vn dng quan h gia ng xin v ng vung gc, quan h gia ng
xin v hnh chiu.
I. Kin thc cn nh:








II. Mt s bi tp v d:
V d 1:
Cho tam gic

( 90 ).
o
ABC A = M l im chuyn ng trn cnh BC . V
, ( , ). MD AB ME AC D AB E AC Xc nh v tr ca im M on thng DE c di
nh nht.
Li gii:
V ( ) AH BC H BC H c nh v AH khng i.
T gic AEMD c

90
o
A E D = = = nn AEMD l hnh
ch nht.
Suy ra DE AM = m AM AH (khng i)
Du " " = xy ra . M H
V d 2:
Cho tam gic . ABC Qua nh A ca tam gic hy dng
ng thng d ct cnh BC sao cho tng cc khong cch t B v tC n d c gi tr nh
nht.
Li gii:
Gi M l giao im ca d v cnh . BC
V , ( ; ) BH d CK D H K d
MAB MAC ABC
S S S + =
. .
2 2
ABC
BH AM CK AM
S + =
2
ABC
S
BH CK
AM
+ =
BH CK + nh nht
2
ABC
S
AM
nh nht AM nh nht
Gi s AB AC th trong hai ng xin , AM AC ng xin AC c hnh chiu khng nh
hn, do AM AC (hng s)
Du " " = xy ra . M C
V d 3:
Ta c AH d , A d , B d , C d , H d .
a) . AB AH Du " " = xy ra khi . B H
b) . AB AC BH HC
28
Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD.Qua Av ng thng d khng ct hnh bnh hnh. Gi ', ', ' B C D
ln lt l hnh chiu vung gc ca cc im , , B C D trn ng thng d .
Xc nh v tr ca ng thng d tng ' ' ' BB CC DD + + c gi tr ln nht.
Li gii:
Gi O l giao im ca AC v BD.
' O l hnh chiu vung gc ca O trn d .
' , ' DD d BB d
' ' DD BB |
' ' DD BB l hnh thang.
M ' , ' OO d DD d
' ' OO DD | v O l trung im BD( ABCD l
hnh bnh hnh).
Do ' OO l ng trung bnh ca hnh thang
' ' DD B B
' '
' ' ' 2. '
2
BB DD
OO BB DD OO
+
= + = .
' , ' ' ' OO d CC d OO CC | v O l trung im AC .( ABCD l hnh bnh hnh).
Do ' OO l ng trung bnh ca ' ACC .
'
' ' 2. '
2
CC
OO CC OO = =
A d v ' OO d nn ' OO OA
Do ' ' ' 4. ' 4. BB CC DD OO OA + + = (khng i)
Du " " = xy ra " O A d vung gc AC ti A.
V d 4:
Cho na ng trn ( ; ) O R ng knh . AB M l im trn na ng trn. Xc nh v tr M
:
a) Din tch tam gic MAB ln nht.
b) Chu vi tam gic MAB ln nht.
Li gii:
V , . MH AB H AB
a)
.
2
MAB
MH AB
S =
. MH R =
Ta c , . MH AB O AB
Do MH OM R =
Nn
2
MAB
S R (khng i)
Du " " = xy ra H O M l trung im

AB
b)

90
o
AMB = (

AMB l gc ni tip chn na ng trn)

MAB . vung ti M c . . MH AB MH AB MAMB =
MAB . vung ti M theo nh l Pitago c:

2 2 2 2
4 . MA MB AB R + = =
,
MAB
P MA MB AB = + + AB khng i

2 2 2
( ) 2 . MA MB MA MB MAMB + = + +
29
Do
MAB
P ln nht MA MB + ln nht
2
( ) MA MB + ln nht . MA MB ln nht
MAB
S ln nht M l trung im

AB (cu a)
V d 5:
Cho na ng trn ( ) O ng knh 2 . AB R = K hai tip tuyn Ax, By ca na ng trn
( ) O v tip xc vi ( ) O ti im M ct Ax ti D ct By ti E. Xc nh v tr ca M trn na
ng trn ( ) O sao cho:
a) AD BE + t gi tr nh nht.
b) . ODOE t gi tr nh nht.
Li gii:
a) V , . DH By H By
T gic ADHB c

90
O
A B H = = = nn ADHB l hnh ch nht 2 DH AB R = =
Ta c , AD MD BE ME = = (tnh cht hai tip tuyn ca ( ) ct nhau ti mt im).
Do AD BE MD ME DE + = + = m DE DH (v , DH By E By )
Do vy 2 AD BE R + (khng i)
Du " " = xy ra E H DE AB |
OM AB M l trung im

AB .
b) DA v DM l tip tuyn ca ( ) OD l phn gic

AOM .
Tng t OE l phn gic

MOB .

AOM v

MOB k b.
Do

90
o
EOD =
ODE . vung ti O, OM DE nn
. . ODOE OM DE =
. . ODOE R DE =
. ODOE nh nht DE nh nht M l trung im

AB (cu a).



Dang 2: Vn dng cc bt ng thc trong tam gic v quy tc cc im :
I. Kin thc cn nm:
Tam gic ABC c
a) . AB AC BC AB AC < < +
b)

. ABC ACB AC AB
Tam gic ABC v tam gic ' ' ' A B C c
' ', ' ' AB A B AC A C = = th:

' ' '. BC B C A A
Quy tc ba im , , A B C .
a) . BC AB AC +
Du" " = xy ra [ ] A BC
b) . BC AB AC
Du" " = xy ra , , A B C thng hng.
30
Quy tc n im
1 2
; ;...;
n
A A A
Ta c
1 1 2 2 3 3 4 1
...
n n n
A A A A A A A A A A

+ + + +
Du " " = xy ra
1 2 1
; ;...; ;
n n
A A A A

thng hng v sp xp theo th t .

II. Mt s bi tp v d:
V d 1:
Cho hai im A v B nm trong na mt phng b l ng thng d ,hai im , M N thuc d v
di MN khng i. Xc nh v tr hai im , M N ng gp khc AMNB t gi tr nh
nht.
Li gii
Dng hnh bnh hnh ' BNMB (hnh bn) ' BB MN a = = (khng i); ', ' NB MB B = c nh.
Gi ' A l im i xng ca A qua ng thng d .
Ta c ' AM A M = , ' A c nh.
Xt ba im ', , ' A M B ta c ' ' ' ' A M MB A B +
Do ' ' AM MN NB A M MN MB + + = + +
( ' ') A M MB MN = + +
' ' A B a = khng i
Du " " = xy ra [ ' ']. M A B

V d 2:
Cho gc nhn xOy . Al im nm trong gc . Hy tm trn hai tiaOx v Oy ln lt hai
imB vC sao cho chu vi tam gic ABC nh nht.
Li gii:
Gi
1
A v
2
A ln lt l im i xng ca Aqua hai tiaOx vOy .
Ac nh,

xOy c nh nn
1
A v
2
A c nh.
Theo tnh cht i xng trc ta c:
1
; AB A B =
2
. AC A C =
ABC
P AB BC AC = + +
1 2
A B BC A C = + +
Xt cc im
1 2
, , , A B C A ta c
1 2 1 2
A B BC A C A A + +
Do
1 2 ABC
P A A (khng i)
Du " " = xy ra
1 2
, , , A B C A thng hng v sp xp theo th t .
V d 3:
Cho hnh vung ABCD. , , , M N P Ql nh ca t gic MNPQln lt thuc cc
cnh , , , AB BC CD DA( MNPQgi l t gic ni tip hnh vung). Tm iu kin t gic MNPQc
chu vi nh nht.
Li gii:
Gi , , E F G ln lt l trunh im ca cc on thng
, , . MQ MP NP
AMQ . vung gc ti Ac
AE l trung im nn
1
2
AE MQ = 2 . MQ AE =
31
Tng t 2 NP GC =
Mt khc , EF FGln lt l ng trung bnh
ca cc tam gic MPQ . v NPM .
nn
1
2
EF PQ = v
1
2
FG MN =
Suy ra 2 PQ EF = v 2 . MN FG =
Do
MNPQ
P MN NP PQ QM = + + +
2 2 2 2 FG GC EF AE = + + +
2( ) AE EF FG GC AC = + + + (khng i )
(Xt cc im , , , , A E F G C )
Du " " = xy ra , , , , A E F G C thng hng.
MN AC PQ | | v . MQ BD NP | |
Khi MNPQ l hnh ch nht.
V d 4:
Cho ng trn( ; ) O R ng knh AB c nh, C l mt im c nh nm gia Av . O M di ng
trn ng trn( ; ). O R Tm v tr ca M trn ( ; ) O R tng ng lc di CM ln nht, nh nht.
Li gii:
Xt ba im , , C O M ta c OM CO CM CO OM +
OA OM OB R = = =
Do CA CM CB
CM CB (khng i)
Du " " = xy ra M B
Vy khi M B th on thngCM c di ln nht.
Mt khcCM CA (khng i)
Du " " = xy ra M A
Vy khi M A th on thng CM c di nh nht.
V d 5:
Cho hai ng trn ngoi nhau( ; ) O R v ( '; '). O R Anm trn ng trn( ) O , B nm trn ng
trn( '). O Xc nh v tr cc im , A B on thng AB c di ln nht, nh nht.
Li gii:
( ') OO ct ( ) O ti , C Dv ct ( ') O ti , . E F
Xt ba im , ', A O B, ta c
' ' ' ' O A O B AB O A O B +
Xt ba im , , ' O A O , ta c
' ' ' O O OA O B OA OO +
M OA OC OD R = = = v
' ' ' ' O B O E O F R = = =
Do ' ' ' ' OO OD O E AB OC OO O F + +
DE AB EF
* AB EF (khng i)
Du " " = xy ra , A C B F
32
Vy AB c di ln nht khi A C v B F
* AB DE (khng i)
Du " " = xy ra A D v B E
Vy AB c di nh nht khi A D v B E .
Dang 3: Vn dng bt ng thc trong ng trn.
I. Kin thc cn nh:
- ng knh dy cung ln nht ca ng trn.
- Trong ng trn ( ) O : AB v CD
l hai dy cung, H v K ln lt l
hnh chiu vung gc trn AB v CD.
Ta c OH OK AB CD

AB CD AOB COD

V d 1:
Cho ng trn ( ; ); O R AC l ng knh.BD l dy cung ca ( ; ) O R v BD vung gc vi AC .
Xc nh v tr ca dy BD din tch t gic ABCD ln nht.
Li gii
AB CD (gt)
Nn
1
. .
2
ABCD
S AC BD R BD = =
M BD l dy cung ca ( ; ) O R
do 2 BD R
Vy
2
2
ABCD
S R .
Du " " = xy ra BD l ng knh ca ( ) O .
V d 2:
Cho na ng trn ( ; ) O R ng knh AB . M l im di ng trn na ng trn. Qua M
v tip tuyn vi ng trn, gi D,C ln lt l hnh chiu, ca A; B trn tip tuyn y. Xc
nh v tr ca im M din tch ca t gic ABCD c gi tr ln nht.
Li gii
Ta c AD DC (gt)
BC DC (gt) AD BC |
ABCD l hnh thang m

90
o
D =
nn ABCD l hnh thang vung.
OM DC nn OM AD | v O l trung im AB
Nn OM l ng trung bnh ca hnh thang ABCD
2
AD BC
OM
+
=
Do . .
2
ABCD
AD BC
S DC OM DC
+
= =
V AE BC . T gic ADCE l hnh ch nht

( 90 )
O
ADC DCE AEC = = = DC AE =

90
O
AEC = E thuc ng trn ng knh AB.
33
AE l dy cung ca ng trn ( ) O .
2 DC R (trong ng trn ng knh l dy cung ln nht)
Do
2
.2 2
ABCD
S R R R =
Du " " = xy ra AE l ng knh ca ( ) O
OM AB M l trung im

AB .
V d 3:
Cho tam gic u ABC ni tip trong ng trn ( ; ) O R . M l im di ng trn trn ( ) O . Xc
nh cc v tr ca im M tng MA MB MC + + t gi tr ln nht.
Li gii
Xt M thuc cung BC.
Trn dy MA ly im D sao cho
MD MB MBD = . cn.

60
o
BMA BCA = = (hai gc ni tip cng chn

AB )
Do d MBD . u.
, BD MB =

60
o
DBM =

60
o
ABD ABC DBC DBC = =

60
o
MBC MBD DBC DBC = =
Suy ra

ABD MBC = .
Xt MBC . v DBA . c
MB BD = ,

MBC ABD = , BC AB = ( ABC . u)
Do MBC . = DBA . (c.g.c)
Suy ra MC DA =
Ta c MA MD DA MB MC = + = +
2. MA MB MC MA + + = .
MA l dy cung ca ( ; ) O R 2 MA R
(ng knh l dy cung ln nht ca ng trn)
Do 4 MA MB MC R + + (khng i)
Du " " = xy ra MA l ng knh ca ( ) O
M l trung im cung BC.
Lp lun tng t ta c ba v tr MA MB MC + + t gi tr ln nh l trung im cc cung
BC; AC; AB.
V d 4:
Cho ng trn ( ; ) O R ; BC l dy cung c nh ( 2 BC R ). A l im chuyn ng trn cung
ln BC. Xc nh v tr ca A chu vi tam gic ABC ln nht.
Li gii
.
ABC
P AB AC BC = + +
BC khng i.
Trn tia i tia AB ly im D sao cho AD AC =
ADC . cn ti A

2 BAC ADC =

BAC khng i

ADC khng i.

BDC khng i, BC c nh
34
D thuc cung cha gc c s o
1
4
s

BC ca ( ) O
dng trn on thng BC.
ABC
P ln nht ( ) max ( ) max AB AC AB CD + +
max BD BD l ng knh
ca cung cha gc ni trn.
Khi

90
o
BDC = .
M

90
o
ABC BDC ACB ACD + = + =

BDC ACD = ( ) AC AD =
Do

ABC ACB AB AC = = A l trung im cung ln BC.
V d 5 :
Cho ng trn ( ; ) O R .A im c nh trong ng trn ( A O ). Xc nh v tr ca dim B
trn ng trn ( ) O sao cho

OBA ln nht.
Li gii
V dy BC ca ng trn ( ) O qua A.
OBC . cn ( ) OB OC =

180
2
o
BOC
OBC

=
v OH BC ( ) H BC
A BC nn OH OA (khng i)
Du " " = xy ra H A AB OA ti A.
Ta c

OBAln nht

BOC nh nht

BC nh nht dy BC nh nht
OH ln nht H A AB OA ti A.
Dng 4:Vn dng bt ng thc i s
I. Kin thc cn nm:
Bt ng thc csi cho 2 s dng:
Cho 2 s dng a v b ta c:

2
a b
ab
+

Du = xy ra khi v ch khi a=b .
Bt ng thc Bunhiacopxki Sraxo (B.C.S):
Cho 4 s thc a,b,x,y ta c:
( ) ( )( )
2
2 2 2 2
ax by a b x y + + +
Du = xy ra khi v ch khi ax=by.
II. Mt s bi tp v d:
V d 1:
Cho on thng AB=a. C l im trn on thng AB. V cc hnh vung ABCD v CBFG.
Xc nh v tr dim C
ACDE CBFG
S S + t gi tr nh nht.
Li gii:
t AC = x
35
Ta c CB a x = ( 0 x a )
2
ACDE
S x = ,
2
( )
CBFG
S a x =
2 2
( )
ACDE CBFG
S S x a x + = +
2 2 2
2 x a ax x = + +
2 2
2
2( )
4 2
a a
x ax = + +
2
2 2
2
2 2 2
a a a
x
| |
= +
|
\
(khng i)
Du " " = xy ra 0
2 2
a a
x x = =
V d 2:
Cho on thng BC c nh. A l im di ng sao cho tam giac ABC nhn. AA l ng cao
v H l trc tm ca tam gic ABC. Xc nh v tr im A
'. ' AA HA t gi tr ln nht.
Li gii:
Xt ' A BH . v ' A AC . c

( )

' ' 90 , ' '
o
BA H AA C A BH A AC = = =
(hai gc nhn c cnh tng ng vung gc)
Do
' '
' ' '. ' ' . ' .
' '
HA A B
A BH A AC AA HA A B A C
A C AA
= = . .
Ta c
2
' . ' ' ( ' ) ' . ' A B A C A B BC A B A B BC A B = =
2
2
( ' . ' )
4 2
BC BC
A B BC A B = +
2
2 2
' .
4 2 4
BC BC BC
A B
| |
=
|
\

Vy
2
AA'.HA' .
4
BC
(khng i)
Du " " = xy ra '
2
BC
A B =
' A l trung im BC A thuc trung trc BC.
Vy ABC . nhn nn A nm ngoi ng trn ng knh BC.
V d 3:
Trong cc t gic ni tip hnh ch nht cho trc. Tm t gic c tng bnh phng cc cnh
nh nht.
Li gii:
AMQ . c

90
o
A = theo nh l Pitago ta c
2 2 2
QM AM AQ = +
Tng t
2 2 2
MN BM BN = + ,
2 2 2
NP CN CP = + ,
2 2 2
PQ DP DQ = +
Do
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
MN NP PQ BM BN CN CP DP DQ + + = + + + + +
Ta c
2 2 2
2 2 2
( ) ( ) ( ) 1
2 2 2
AM BM AM BM AM BM
AM BM AB
+ + +
+ = =


36
Chng minh tng t ta c


2 2 2
1
2
CP DP CD +
2 2 2
1
2
DQ AQ AD +



Do
( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1
2
MN NP PQ QM AB BC CD DA + + + + + + (khng i)
Du " " = xy ra
AM BM
BN CN
CP DP
DQ AQ
=

MNPQ l hnh thoi.

V d 4:
Cho im A c nh nm ngoi ng trn ( ) ; O R . Qua A v ng thng d ct ng trn ( ) O
ti hai im B;C.Xc nh vi tr ca d tng AB AC + t gi tr nh nht.
Li gii:
V ct tuyn ADE qua O
Xt ABE . v ACD . c

A (chung);

AEB ACD =
(hai gc ni tip cng chn cung BD)
Do . .
AB AE
ABE ACD AB AC AE AD
AD AC
= = . .
M ( )( )
2
2 2 2
. AE AD OA OE OA OE OA OE OA R = + = =
Ta c ( 2 . ) AB AC AB AC AB AC + = +
2
( ) 2 . 2 . AB AC AB AC AB AC = +
2 2
2 OA R = (khng i)
Du " " = xy ra d l tip tuyn ca ( ) ; O R .
V d 5:
Cho na ng trn ( ) ; O R ng knh AB. M l im chuyn ng trn na ng trn. Xc
nh v tr im M 3 MA MB + t gi tr ln nht.
Li gii:

90
o
AMB = (gc ni tip chn na ng trn)
MAB . c

90
o
M = nn theo nh l Pitago ta c
2 2 2 2
4 MA MB AB R + = =
p dng BT
2 2 2 2
( )( ) ax by a b x y = + +
Ta c:
( )
2 2
3 3 (1 3) MA MB MA MB MA MB + = + + +
2 2 2
1
2
BN CN BC +
37
2
4.4 4 . R R = =
3 4 MA MB R = (khng i)
Du " " = xy ra 3.MA MB =
MAB . l na tam gic u
s

60
o
MA = .







































38

Phn 3:
CC TR TRONG LNG GIC

Dng 1: S dng bt ng thc ca hm Sinx va Cosx.
I. Phng php gii:
Thng thng gii mt bi cc tr ta s dng cc bt c chng minh. Tng t,
lng gic vn c nhng bt ring bit.
i vi hm s n gin ch c sin v cos. Ta s dng:

1 1
1 1
Sinx
Cosx

II. Mt s bi tp v d:
V d 1:
Tm GTLN, GTNN ca hm s:
a) y = 1 - 2 sin3x
b) y = 1 - 1 sin x
Li gii:
a) V 0 sin3x 1 nn 11 - 2 sin3x 1-2 = -1.
Du bng xy ra khi : sin3x = 0

sin3x = 0

3x = k x =
3
k

V GTLN ca hm s l 1 v GTNN ca hm s l -1ti x =
3
k

V -1 sinx1 nn 2 1- sinx 0 2 1 sin x 0 1+ 2 1+ 1 sin x 1.
1+ 1 sin x = 1 + 2 khi sinx = -1 x = 2
2
k

+
1+ 1 sin x = 1 khi sinx = 1 x = 2
2
k

+
V GTLN ca hm s l 1+ 2 ti x = x = 2
2
k

+ v GTNN ca hm s l 1 ti x =
2
2
k

+ .

Vn c th s dng mt s k nng c bn tm cc tr:
V d 2:
Tm GTLN ca sin
12
x + cos
12
x
Li gii:
Cch 1:
V -1sinx1 v -1cosx1 nn ta c : sin
12
x sin
2
x v cos
12
x cos
2
x
sin
12
x + cos
12
x sin
2
x + cos
2
x = 1
Cch 2:
39
Ta sin
12
x + cos
12
x = 1 2sin
6
x.cos
6
x 1.
Vy GTLN cu sin
12
x + cos
12
x l 1.

V d 3:
Tm GTLN, GTNN cu: sinx + sin
2
3
x

| |
+
|
\

( Bi tp cn qua bc bin i)
Li gii:
Ta c sinx + sin
2
3
x

| |
+
|
\
= 2sin
3
x

| |
+
|
\
.cos
3

= sin
3
x

| |
+
|
\
.
M
-1 sin
3
x

| |
+
|
\
1 nn GTNN ca sinx + sin
2
3
x

| |
+
|
\
l -1 v GTLN l 1.
V d 4:
Tm GTLN , GTNN ca biu thc :
2 2
( )(1 )
(1 )(1 )
a b ab
a b
+
+ +
a,b
Li gii:
(i vi bi tp ny, ban u khng phi l dng lng, ta phi a v lng gic qua
cc php bin i tm cc tr).
t a= tan x
b= tan y
Ta c:
2 2
( )(1 )
(1 )(1 )
a b ab
a b
+
+ +
=
2 2
(tan tan )(1 tan .tan )
(1 tan )(1 tan )
x y x y
x y
+
+ +
=
2 2
sin( ) c ( )
.
cos .cos cos .cos
1 1
.
cos cos
x y os x y
x y x y
x y
+ +
=
1
2
sin 2( ) x y +
1
2
( v sin 2( ) x y + 1) -
1
2

2 2
( )(1 )
(1 )(1 )
a b ab
a b
+
+ +

1
2

Vy GTNN ca biu thc l -
1
2
v GTLN l
1
2
.

Dng 2: Hnh thnh bnh phng
I. Phng php gii:
Da trn s chuyn i qua li gia sin v cos, s dng cc cng thc lng gic.
II. Mt s bi tp v d:
V d 1:
Tm GTLN ca biu thc A= cosA.cosB.cosC
40
Li gii : Ta c: cosA.cosB.cosC =
| |
1
( ) ( ) cos
2
cos A B cos A B C + + =
| |
1
cos ( ) cos
2
C cos A B C + =
2 2
1 1
cos . ( ) ( )
2 4
cos C C cos A B cos A B
(
+
(


+
2
1
1 sin ( )
8
A B (

=
1
8
2
2 2
1 1 1
cos ( ) sin ( )
2 2 8
C cos A B A B
(

(


1
8

Du bng xy ra khi cosC=
1
( )
2
cos A B cosC =
1
2


sin( ) A B = 0

A B =

A B = =

C= 60
o
.
Vy GTLN ca biu thc A l
1
8
khi ABC u

Dang 3: S dng cc bt ng thc lng gic trong tam gic.
I. Phng php gii:
Trong tam gic ABC nhn:
tan tan tan tan tan tan 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
cot .cot cot cot cot cot 1
tan tan tan tan . tan .tan
A B B C C A
A B B C C A
A B C A B C
+ + =
+ + =
+ + =


a) tanA+ tanB+ tanC 3 3
b) tan tan tan 3
2 2 2
A B C
+ +
c)
1
tan .tan .tan
2 2 2 3 3
A B C

d)
3
cos cos cos
2
A B C + +
Chng minh:
a) p dng bt Csi cho 3 s dng:
3
tanA tanB tanC 3 tan . tan . tan
3
tanA tanB tanC 3 tanA tanB tanC
3 2
(tanA tanB tanC) 27(tanA tanB tanC) (tanA tanB tanC) 27
tanA tanB tanC 3 3
A B C + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + +
+ +

(pcm)
41
b) p dng bt ng thc: ( ) ( )
2
3 a b c ab bc ac + + + + ta co:
2
tan tan tan 3 tan tan tan tan tan tan
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C A B B C C A | | | |
+ + + +
| |
\ \
= 3

tan tan tan
2 2 2
A B C
+ + 3 (pcm)
c) p dng bt Csi
2 2 2
3
tan tan tan tan tan tan 3 tan tan tan
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
A B B C C A A B C
+ +

3
2 2 2
1
tan tan tan
2 2 2 3
A B B | |

|
\

1
tan tan tan
2 2 2 3 3
A B B
(pcm)
Du bng xy ra khi ABC u.
Cch 1:
Xt cos cos cos 60 A B C cos + + +

= 2
2 2
A B A B
cos cos
+ | | | |
| |
\ \
+
60 60
2
2 2
C C
cos cos
| | | | +
| |
\ \

60
2
2 2
A B C
cos cos
| | | | + + | |
+ =
| | |
\
\ \

60 60
4 .
4 4
A B C A B C
cos cos
+ + + +
=

4 60 cos


1
cos cos cos 2
2
A B C + + +
3
cos cos cos
2
A B C + + (pcm)
Cch 2: (ng dng tch v hng chng minh)
Ly cc vect
1
e
,
,
2
e
,
,
3
e
,
nh hnh v v c di l 1:
1 2 3
e e e = =
, , ,
=1.


Hin nhin ta c:

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2
1 2 3
1 2 2 3 3 1
0
3 2 , 2 , 2 , 0
e e e
cos e e cos e e cos e e
+ +
+ + +
, , ,
, , , , , ,



3
cos cos cos
2
A B C + + pcm
Du bng xy ra khi
1 2 3
e e e + +
, , ,
= 0 ABC ABC u

C th s dng cc bt thc trn hoc khai thc thm cc bt sau trong tam gic (phi
chng minh trc khi p dng):
) tan tan tan 3 3
n n n n
e A B C + +

3 3
)sin sin sin
2
f A C B + +
A
B
C
42
2 2 2
) cot cot cot 3
3
)
4
g A B C
h cos A cos B cos C
+ +
+ +
2 2 2
3
) sin sin sin
2 2 2 2
3
)
2 2 2 2
3
) sin sin sin
2 2 2 4
A B C
i
A B C
j cos cos cos
A B C
k
+ +
+ +
+ +
2 2 2
)tan tan tan 9 m A B C + +
( nhn)
2 2 2
) tan tan tan 1
2 2 2
3 3
) sin .sin .sin
8
1
) sin .sin .sin
2 2 2 8
3 3
) os . os . os
2 2 2 8
A B C
n
o A B C
A B C
p
A B C
q c c c
+ +

2 2 2
9
) os os os
2 2 2 4
A B C
l c c c + +
II. Mt s bi tp v d:
V d 1:
Tm GTNN ca biu thc:
A=
2 2 2
sin sin sin
2 2 2
A B C
+ + sin .sin .sin
2 2 2
A B C





43
Li gii:
Ta c A=
1 cos 1 cos 1 cos
sin .sin .sin
2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C A B C
+ + +
=
3 1
1 4sin .sin .sin sin .sin .sin
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C A B C | |
+ +
|
\

(v cos cos cos 1 4sin .sin .sin
2 2 2
A B C
A B C + + = + )
=1 sin .sin .sin
2 2 2
A B C 1
1
8
=
7
8

Vy gi tr nh nht ca biu thc l :
7
8
.
V d 2:
Tm GTNN ca biu thc B=
6 6 6
tan tan tan
2 2 2
A B C
+ +


Li gii:
Khng s dng gin tip cc bt thc cm trn, ta s dng cc bt ton hc
quen thuc.
Ta c:
( )
6 6 6 3 3 3 3 3 3
tan tan tan tan tan . tan tan . tan tan 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
A B C A B B C C A
+ + .
Nu x = tan tan
2 2
A B
, y = tan tan
2 2
B C
, z =tan tan
2 2
C A
, th x+y+z = 1.
p dng BCS vi hai dy , , x y z va
3 3 3
, , x y z ta c:
( ) ( ) ( )
2
3 3 3 2 2 2
x y z x y z x y z + + + + + +
( )
2
2
3
x y z
(
+ +
(
(

=
1
9
( )
3 3 3
1
2
9
x y z + +
T (1) v (2)
6 6 6
1
tan tan tan
2 2 2 9
A B C
+ + . Du bng xy ra khi x = y = z
A=B=C .
Vy GTNN ca B l
1
9
.

1. Tm GTLN ca biu thc D=tan . tan . tan
4 4 4
A B C

44
2. Cho
, , 0
. .
a b c
a Sinx b Siny c

+ =

Tm GTLN ca biu thc

E=
2 2
os os c x c y
a b
+ .
Dng 4: Biu thc cha cc hm s lng gic.
I. Phng php gii:
Gi s cc gc A, B, C tho mn hai iu kin:
1)
)
( ) ( ) 2
2
A B
f A f B f
+ | |
+
|
\
hoc
2
( ). ( )
2
A B
f A f B f
+ | |

|
\

ng thc xy ra khi A=B;
2)
3
( ) 2
3 2
C
f C f f

| |
+
|
| |
+
| |
\
|
\
hoc
2 3
( ).
3 2
C
f C f f

| |
+
|
| |

| |
\
|
\

ng thc xy ra khi C=
3

.
Khi cng hoc nhn (1), (2) ta s c bt ( ) ( ) ( ) 3
3
f A f B f C f
| |
+ +
|
\
(3)
hoc
3
( ). ( ). ( )
3
f A f B f C f
| |

|
\

(4)
ng thc xy ra khi A=B=C. Tng t ta cng c bt vi chiu ngc li
Xt cc VD sau:
V d 1:
Trong tam gic ABC, tm GTNN ca biu thc
1 1 1
1 sin 1 sin 1 sin A B C
+ +
+ + +

Li gii:
Ta c:
1 1
1 sin 1 sin A B
+
+ +
4
2 sin sin A B

+ +
(p dng
1 1 4
x y x y
+
+
)
( )
4 4
2 2 sin sin
2 2 sin .
2 2
A B A B A B
cos
=
+ + +
+
(p dng BCS)

2
1 sin
2
A B

+
+

1 1 2
+ (5)
1+ sinA 1+ sinB A +B
1+ sin
2
(c dng (1))
45
Tng t
sin 60 60

1 1 2
+ (6)
1+ sinC
1+ C+
1+ sin
2
.Cng (5) v (6) ta c:
1 1 1 1
1 sin 1 sin 1 sin
1 sin 60
A B C
+ + +
+ + +
+

1 1
2
60
| |
|
|
+
|
|
\

A +B
C+
1+ sin
1+ sin
2
2

4
1 sin 60

+

( Cng lm tng t cc bc (5), (6))
Suy ra
1 1 1
1 sin 1 sin 1 sin A B C
+ +
+ + +
3
1 sin 60

+
4
3 2
2 3
=
+

Vy GTNN ca biu thc l
4
3 2
2 3 +
. Du bng xy ra khi ABC u.
V d 2:
Trong tam gic ABC, tm GTNN ca biu thc
1 1 1
1 . 1 . 1
sin sin sin A B C
| | | | | |
+ + +
| | |
\ \ \

Li gii:
Ta c:

1 1
1 . 1
sin sin A B
| | | |
+ +
| |
\ \
1 1 1
1
sin sin sin .sin A B A B
= + + +
2
2 1
1
sin .sin sin .sin A B A B
| |
+ +
|
\

2
1
1
sin .sin A B
| |
= +
|
\ ( ) ( )
2
2
1
cos A B cos A B
| |
|
= +
|
+
\
( )
2
2
2 1
1 1
1
sin
2
A B
cos A B
| |
| |
|
|
+ = +
|
+ |
+
|
\
\
2
1
1
60
sin
2
C
| |
|
+ |
+
|
|
\

(c dng (1))
46
Tng t
2
1 1 1
1 . 1 1
60 sin sin 60
sin
2
C C
| |
|
| | | |
+ + + |
| |
+
\ \
|
|
\

(8)
Nhn (7) v (8) ta c
1 1 1 1
1 . 1 . 1 . 1
sin sin sin sin 60 A B C
| | | | | | | |
+ + + +
| | | |
\ \ \ \

2
1 1
1 . 1
60
sin
sin
2
2
A B
C
( | |
| |
( |
|
+ + ( |
|
+
+
( |
|
|
( \
\

4
1
1
sin 60
| |
+
|
\

Suy ra
1 1 1
1 . 1 . 1
sin sin sin A B C
| | | | | |
+ + +
| | |
\ \ \
3
1
1
sin 60
| |
+
|
\

3
2
1
3
| |
= +
|
\

Vy GTNN ca biu thc l
3
2
1
3
| |
+
|
\
khi ABC u.


Dng 5: S dung o hm
I . Kin thc cn nm:
gii cc dng bi ton ny cn s dng ti mt s cong thc tnh o
hm sau y:

( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
'
' '.
'
os ' '.
1
tan '
'
tan '
Sinx Cosx
Sinu u Sinx
Cosx Sinx
C u u Sinx
x
Cos x
u
u
Cos u
=
=
=
=
=
=

II. Mt s bi tp v d:
.V d 1:
Tm gi tr ln nht v nh nht ca hm s
( ) 3cos3 2cos 2 9cos 2 y f x x x x = = + + +
Li gii:
Li gii:
TX: D=R
Ta c ( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
3 4cos 3cos 2 2cos 1 9cos 2 y f x x x x x = = + + +

3 2
12cos 4cos x x = +
47
10
243
16
8
0
t t = cos x , 1 1 t
Ta c ( )
3 2
12 4 y g t t t = = +

( )
' ' 2
' 2
36 8
0 36 8 0
y g t t t
y t t
= = +
= + =


( ) 4 9 2 0
0
2
9
t t
t
t
+ =
=

Bng bin thin

t
-1
2
9
0 1
( )
'
g t
+ 0 - 0 +
( ) g t



Cn c vo bng bin thin ta c:
max f(x) = max g(t) = 16
min f(x) = min g(t) = -8


V d 2:
Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca hm s
( )
2 2
cos 2cos 5 cos 4cos 8 y f x x x x x = = + + + +
Li gii:
TX: D=R
t t = cos x, 1 1 t
Ta c ( )
2 2
2 5 4 8 y g t t t t t = = + + + +
D
g(x)
= [-1,1]
( )
' '
2 2
1 2
2 5 4 8
t t
y g t
t t t t
+
= = +
+ + +


( ) ( )
( )( )
2 2
2 2
1 4 8 2 2 5
2 5 4 8
t t t t t t
t t t t
+ + + + +
=
+ + +

48
2 2 5 +
2 13 +
5

'
0 y =
( ) ( )
2 2
1 4 8 2 2 5 0 t t t t t t + + + + + =
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 5 1 4 8 0 t t t t t t + + = + + = (do 1 1 t )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2 2 5 1 4 8
2 1 0
24 12 0
2 1
1
1
2
2
2 1
t t t t t t
t t
t
t
t
t
t

+ + = + +

+ =

Bng bin thin

t
-1
1
2
1
( )
'
g t
+ 0 -
( ) g t


Cn c vo bng bin thin ta c
max f(x) = max g(x) = 2 13 +
min f(x) = min g(x) = 5



V d 3:
Cho cos 2 cos 2 1, , x y x y R + = .Tm gi tr nh nht ca hm s:

2 2
tan tan A x y = +

Li gii:
Ta c:
2 2
tan tan A x y = +
( ) ( )
2 2
tan 1 tan 1 2 x y = + + +
2 2
2
2
1 1 2 2
2 2
cos cos 1 cos 2 1 cos 2
2cos 2 2cos 2 2
cos 2 cos 2 2
x y x y
x x
x x
= + = +
+ +
+
=
+ +


t cos 2 t x = vi 1 1 t , ta c :
49

( )
( )
( )
2
2
2
2
2 1
( ) , 1 1
2
6 2 1
1
'( ) 0
2
2
t t
A f t t
t t
t
f t t
t t
+
= =
+ +

= = =
+ +




t
1
1
2
1
'( ) f t 0 +
( ) f t
2
3




Vy min A
2
3
= khi ,
6
x

= + Z k k






( ) g x nh nht
2
1
sin
3
x = min ( ) g x
2
1 1 5 5
3
3 3 3 3
| |
= + =
|
\

Do :
1 3 4 8
1 1
3 5 3 5
y y + +
Vy max
8
5
y = ; min
4
3
y =

. Mt s bi tp dng tng t:


1.Tm gi tr ln nht ca hm s:

2 2
1 1
1 cos 5 2sin
2 2
y x x = + + +
2.Tm gi tr nh nht ca:

2 2
2 2
2 2
1 1
sin cos
sin cos
y x x
x x
| | | |
= + + +
| |
\ \

3.Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca hm s:
1
50
2 2
( ) 2sin 3sin cos 5cos y f x x x x x = = + +
4.Tim gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca hm s:

2
4sin 2 sin 2
4
y x x
| |
= + +
|
\

5.Tm gi tr nh nht ca hm s:

1 1
, 0
sin cos 2
y x
x x

= + < <
6.Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca hm s:

( )( ) ( ) 2sin cos 2cos sin f x x x x x = +
7. Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca hm s :

4 2
4 2
3cos 4sin
3sin 2cos
x x
y
x x
+
=
+

8.Cho tam gic ABC tm gi tr ln nht ca:
( ) 3 cos 3 cos cos P B A C = + +
9.Tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc :
4 4 2 2
cot cot 2tan . tan 2 P a b a b = + + +

10.Cho , , tho mn iu kin :

2 2 2
cos cos cos 1 + + =
Tm gi tr ln nht ca:
2 2 2
1 cos 1 cos 1 cos y = + + + + +

11.Tm gi tr nh nht ca hm s
( )
3
2 2
1
cos sin
cos sin
y x x
x x
= + +
12.Tm gi tr nh nht ca hm s

10 10
cos sin y x x = +
13. Cho ABC. Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc
M= cos2A + cos2B cos2C

14. Tm GTLN v GTNN ca hm s

2 cos
sin cos 2
x
y
x x
+
=
+


15. Tm GTLN v GTNN ca hm s

2
2
cos sin cos
sin 1
x x x
y
x
+
=
+
(1)
16. nh m hm s
( )
4 4
2 sin cos sin cos cos 2 y x x m x x x = + + (1)
51
c gi tr ln nht khng ln hn 2
17. Tm GTLN v GTNN ca hm s cos sin y x x = +

18. Tm gi tr ln nht ca hm s

( )
2 2
4
3sin 1 4sin
cos
x x
y
x

= vi 0
6
x

< <

19. Cho ABC c 3 gc nhn, tm gi tr nh nht ca biu thc
P = tanA.tanB.tanC
20. Tm gi tr ln nht ca biu thc
1 tan tan 1 tan tan 1 tan tan M A B B C C A = + + + + +
vi A, B, C >0 v A + B + C =
2

21. Trong mi tam gic ABC,nhng tam gic no lm cho biu thc sau t
gi tr ln nht:





Hng dn v p s:
1. Ta c:
2 2
1 5 1
1 cos sin
2 4 2
y x x = + + +
p dng BT Bunhiacopski cho 4 s, ta c:

2 2
1 5 1
1 cos sin
2 4 2
x x + + +
2 2 2 2
1 5 1
1 1 . 1 cos sin
2 4 2
x x + + + +

9 1 22
2
4 2 2
+ =
Vy max
22
2
y =
Du = xy ra khi :
2 2
1 5
1 cos sin
2 4
x x + =

2. Ta c:
( )
2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
sin cos 1 1 sin cos
sin cos cos cos
x x x x
x x x x
(
( | | | | | | | |
+ + + + + + +
(
| | | | (
\ \ \ \ (

2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
sin cos sin cos
sin cos 2 sin cos
x x x x
x x x x
| | | | | |
+ + + + + +
| | |
\ \ \

3 3 3
3 3 3
sin sin sin
cos cos cos
A B C
M
A B C
+ +
=
+ +
52

2
2 2
1 1
1
2 sin .cos x x
| |
+
|
\


( )
2
2
2
1 4 1 25
1 1 4
2 sin 2 2 2 x
| |
+ + =
|
\

Vy min
25
2
y =
Du = xy ra khi:
2 2
sin cos
4 sin 2 1
x x
x
x


=
= +

k
3.Ta c :
2 2
2sin 3sin cos 5cos y x x x x = + +
( )
3 5
1 cos 2 sin 2 1 cos 2
2 2
x x x = + + +
( )
7 3
sin 2 +cos2x
2 2
x = +

7 3 2
cos 2
2 2 4
x
| |
= +
|
\


Ta c:

( ) ( )
3 2 3 2 3 2
1 cos 2 1 cos 2
4 2 2 4 2
1 7 3 2 1
7 3 2 cos 2 7 3 2
2 2 2 4 2
x x
x

| | | |

| |
\ \
| |
+ +
|
\

Vy max
( )
1
7 3 2
2
y = + ,min
( )
1
7 3 2
2
y =

4. Ta c:
2
4sin 2 sin 2
4
y x x
| |
= + +
|
\


( ) 2 1 2cos sin 2 +cos2x
=2+sin 2x - cos2x
=2+ 2 sin 2
4
x x
x

= +
| |

|
\

Vi 1 sin 2 1 2 2 2 2
4
x y
| |
+
|
\

Vy max 2 2 y = + , min 2 2 y =


5. Vi 0
2
x

< < cos 0 x > v sin 0 x >
53
p dng BT Cauchy, ta c:

1 1
sin cos
y
x x
= +
2 2 2
2 2
sin cos sin 2 x x x
=

Du = xy ra khi:
sin 2 1
1 1
cos sin 2
x
x x
=

tan 1 0,
4 2
x x
| |
= =
|
\


6.Ta c: ( )( ) ( ) 2sin cos 2cos sin f x x x x x = +

2 2
4sin cos 2sin 2cos sin cos x x x x x x = +

( )
2 2
3sin cos 2 cos sin x x x x = +

3
sin 2 2cos 2
2
x x = +
( )
1
4cos 2 3sin 2
2
x x = +

5 4 3
cos 2 sin 2
2 5 5
x x
| |
= +
|
\

t
4 3
cos , sin
5 5
= = vi 0
2

< <
Ta c : ( ) ( )
5 5
( ) cos 2 cos sin 2 sin cos 2
2 2
f x x x x = + =
Vi ( ) ( )
5 5 5
1 cos 2 1 cos 2
2 2 2
x x

5 5
( )
2 2
f x
Vy max
5
( ) ;
2
f x = min
5
( )
2
f x =

7. Ta c:
( )
( )
2
2 2
4 2
4 2 4 2
3 1 sin 4sin
3cos 4sin
3sin 2cos 3sin 2 1 sin
x
x x
y
x x x x
+
+
= =
+ +


4 2
4 2 4 2
3sin 2sin 3 1
1
3sin 2sin 2 3sin 2sin 2
x x
x x x x
+
= = +
+ +

t
2
4 2 2
1 5
( ) 3sin 2sin 2 3 sin
3 3
g x x x x
| |
= + = +
|
\

( ) g x ln nht
2
sin 1 x = max
2
1 5
( ) 3 1 3
3 3
g x
| |
= + =
|
\

54

8. Ta c: 3 cos 6cos cos
2 2
A C A C
P B
+
= +

2
2
2
3 cos 6sin cos
2 2
3 1 2sin 6sin
2 2
2 3 sin 6sin 3
2 2
3 5 3 5 3
2 3 sin
2 2 2 2
B A C
B
B B
B B
B

= +
| |
+
|
\
+ +
| |
+
|
|
\


Suy ra : max
5 3
2
P = khi
cos 1
30
2
3 120
sin
2 2
A C
A C
B B

=

= =

9. Ta c:
( )
2
4 4 2 2 2 2
cot cot cot cot 2cot .cot a b a b a b + = +
( )
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
cot cot 2cot .cot 2tan . tan 2 P a b a b a b = + + +

( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
cot cot 2 cot .cot tan . tan 2cot .cot . tan . tan
4cot .cot . tan . tan 2
a b a b a b a b a b
a b a b
= + +
+ +


( ) ( )
2
2
2 2
cot cot 2 cot .cot tan . tan 4 2 6 a b a b a b = + + +
Du = xy ra khi v ch khi :

cot cot 0
cot .cot tan . tan 0 cot 1 4
a b a b
a b
a b a b a

= =
= =

= =


Vy min 6 P =
10. p dng BT Bunhiacopski cho 6 s, ta c:
2 2 2
1 cos 1 cos 1 cos + + + + +
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 . 1 cos 1 cos 1 cos + + + + + + +

2 2 2
3. 3 cos cos cos + + +
v
2 2 2
cos cos cos 1 + + = nn ta c :
2 2 2
1 cos 1 cos 1 cos + + + + + 3. 4 2 3 =
Vy max 2 3 y =
55
Du = xy ra khi:
2 2 2
1 cos 1 cos 1 cos + = + = +

2 2 2
2 2 2
1 cos 1 cos 1 cos
1
cos cos cos
3
1
cos cos cos
3



+ = + = +
= = =
= = =

11. Ta c ( )
3
2 2
1
cos sin
cos sin
y x x
x x
= + +

3
2
1
2 cos
4
1
sin 2
2
x
x
( | |
= +
| (
\ | |
|
\


3
2
4
2 2 cos
4 sin 2
x
x
| |
= +
|
\

v
3
cos 1 cos 1
4 4
x x
| | | |

| |
\ \


3
2 2 cos 2 2
4
x
| |

|
\

v
2
2
4
0 sin 2 1 4
sin 2
x
x

suy ra
3
2
4
2 2 cos 4 2 2
4 sin 2
y x
x
| |
= +
|
\

Du = xy ra
2
cos 1
4
sin 2 1
x
x
| |
=
|
\

5
4
x

=
Vy min 4 2 2 y =



12. Ta c:
10 10
cos sin y x x = +

5 5
1 cos 2 1 cos 2
2 2
x x + | | | |
= +
| |
\ \

( ) ( )
5 5
5
1
1 cos 2 1 cos 2
2
x x
(
= + +


56

(
2 3 4 5
5
1
1 5cos 2 10cos 2 10cos 2 5cos 2 cos 2
2
x x x x x = + + + + +

)
2 3 4 5
1 5cos 2 10cos 2 10cos 2 5cos 2 cos 2 x x x x x + + +

( )
2 4
1
2 20cos 2 10cos 2
32
x x = + +

( )
2 4
1
1 10cos 2 5cos 2
16
x x = + +

( )
2
2
1
5 cos 2 1 4
16
x
(
= +
(


Mt khc
2 2
0 cos 2 1 1 1 cos 2 2 x x +

( )
2
2
1 1 cos 2 4 x +

( )
2
2
5 5 1 cos 2 20 x +

( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
1 1 1
5 4 5 1 cos 2 4 20 4
16 16 16
x
(
+
(



1
1
16
y
Vy max y =1, du = xy ra khi x=0
min y =
1
16
, du = xy ra khi x=
4

13.
Ta c
M= cos2A + cos2B cos2C
= 2cos(A+B)cos(A-B) + 1 2cos
2
C
= -2cosC cos(A-B) + 1 2cos
2
C
= -2[cos
2
C + cos(A-B) cosC +
1
4
cos
2
(A-B)] +
1
2
[cos
2
(A-B)]
+1
= -2[cosC +
1
2
cos(A-B)]
2
+
1
2
[1 - sin
2
(A-B)] +1
=
3
2
-2[cosC +
1
2
cos(A-B)]
2
-
1
2
sin
2
(A-B)]
3
2

Du = xy ra

( )
( )
1
cos cos 0
2
sin 0
C A B
A B

+ =

57

1
cos 0
2
0
C
A B

+ =

1
cos
6
2
2
3
A B
C
A B C

= =

=




= =

Vy max M =
3
2
ng vi ABC c
A = B =
6

v C =
2
3

14. V sin cos 2 cos
4
x x x
| |
+ =
|
\


sin cos 2 2
sin cos 2 0
x x
x x
+ <
+ <

hay sin cos 2 0 x x + x R
Do
2 cos
sin cos 2
x
y
x x
+
=
+
(1)
( ) sin cos 2 2 cos y x x x + = +
( ) sin 1 cos 2 2 y x y x y + = + (2)
(1) c nghim i vi x (2) c nghim i vi x

( ) ( )
2 2
2
2 2
2
1 2 2
2 2 1 4 8 4
2 10 3 0
5 19 5 19
2 2
y y y
y y y y
y y
y
+ +
+ + +
+ +
+


Vy min y =
5 19
2

v max y =
5 19
2
+


15. Ta c :

( )
2
4 4 2 2 2 2
sin cos sin cos 2sin cos x x x x x x + = +

2
2
1 1
1 2 sin 2 1 sin 2
2 2
1 1 cos 4 3 1
1 cos 4
2 2 4 4
x x
x
x
| |
= =
|
\
| |
= = +
|
\

58
V
1 1
sin cos cos 2 sin 2 cos 2 sin4
2 4
x x x x x x = =
Nn

( )
3 1
1 2 cos 4 sin4
4 4 4
4 6 2cos 4 sin4
2cos 4 sin4 4 6
m
y x x
y x m x
x m x y
| |
= + +
|
\
= + +
+ =

PT trn c nghim i vi x

( )
2
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 4 6
16 48 32 0
6 4 6 4
4 4
m y
y y m
m m
y
+
+
+ + +


Do
2
6 4
max
4
m
y
+ +
=
Ta c
2
6 4
max 2 2
4
m
y
+ +


2
2
4 2
4 4
0
m
m
m
+
+
=


16.
Ta c
(1)
( )
2 2
sin 1 cos sin cos y x x x x + = + (do sin
2
x +1 0 )

1 cos 2 1 cos 2 1
1 sin2
2 2 2
cos 2 2y 1 cos 2 sin2
x x
y x
y y x x x
+ | |
+ = +
|
\
+ = + +

( ) 1 cos 2 sin2 3 1 y x x y + + = (2)
(1) c nghim i vi x (2) c nghim i vi x
( ) ( )
2 2
2
1 1 3 1 y y + +

2 2
2
2 2 9 6 1
8 8 1 0
y y y y
y y
+ + +



2 6 2 6
4 4
+

vy
2 6
max
4
y
+
= v
2 6
min
4
y

=

59
17. Tm GTLN v GTNN ca hm s cos sin y x x = +
Li gii:
Ta c
cos sin y x x = +

( )( )
2 2
1 cos 1 sin 1 1 cos sin x x x x = + + + (BT
Bunhiacopski)
( ) 2 cos sin y x x +
mt khc cos sin 2 cos 2
4
x x x
| |
+ =
|
\

suy ra 2 2 y
Du = xy ra

cos sin
4 cos 1
4
x x
x
x

| |
=
|
\

Vy max 2 2 y = khi
4
x

=
Ta c 0 cos 1 x (K y xc nh)
v 0 sin 1 x
2
2
2 2
cos cos cos
sin sin sin
1 cos sin cos sin
x x x
x x x
x x x x y

= + + =

nn 1 y , du = xy ra khi x = 0
Vy min y = 1 khi x = 0
18. Tm gi tr ln nht ca hm s

( )
2 2
4
3sin 1 4sin
cos
x x
y
x

= vi 0
6
x

< <
Li gii:
V
1
0 0 sin
6 2
x x

< < < <

2 2
1
0 sin 1 4sin 0
4
x x < < >
p dng BT c-si cho 2 s
2
3sin x v
2
1 4sin x ta c
60

( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2
2
2 2
4
2 2
3sin 1 4sin
3sin 1 4sin
2
1 sin
3sin 1 4sin
2
cos
3sin 1 4sin (1)
4
x x
x x
x
x x
x
x x
+

| |

|
\


Chia 2 v ca (1) cho
4
cos x ( v
4
0 cos 0
6
x x

< < > )

Ta c
( )
2 2
4
3sin 1 4sin
1
4 cos
x x
y
x

=
du = xy ra
2 2 2
1
3sin 1 4sin sin
7
x x x = =
ta tm c
0
0,
6
x
| |

|
\
th
2
1
sin
7
x =
Vy
1
max
4
y =

19.
Ta c
2 2
1 2cos 1 3sin y x x = + + +

2 2
1 1
3 6cos 2 6sin
3 2
x x = + + +
p dng BT Bunhiacopski ta c :

( )
( )
2 2
1 1
3 6cos 2 6sin
3 2
5 55
5 6
6 6
y x x
y
| |
+ + + +
|
\
+ =

Du = xy ra

2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
3. 3 6cos 2. 2 6sin
3.(3 6cos ) 2.(2 6sin )
9 18cos 4 12(1 cos )
7
30cos 7 cos
30
x x
x x
x x
x x
+ = +
+ = +
+ = +
= =

Vy
55
max
6
y =
20.
Ta c A + B + C =
61

tan( ) tan( )
A B C
A B C

+ =
+ =


tan tan
tan
1 tan . tan
A B
C
A B
+
=

tan tan tan (1 tan . tan ) A B C A B + =
tan tan tan tan . tan . tan A B C A B C + + = (1)
V ABC c 3 gc nhn tan , tan , tan 0 A B C >
p dng BT c-si cho 3 s tgA, tgB, tgC

3
tan tan tan 3 tan tan tan A B C A B C + + (2)
t (1) v (2) ta c

3
tan . tan . tan 3 tan tan tan A B C A B C

3
2
(tan . tan . tan ) 27 tan . tan . tan
(tan . tan . tan ) 27
tan . tan . tan 3 3
A B C A B C
A B C
A B C




Du = xy ra khi tanA = tanB = tanC
A B C = = hay ABC u
21.
V A + B + C =
2

( )
2
tan tan
2
A B C
A B C

+ =
| |
+ =
|
\

( )
tan tan 1
cot
1 tan tan tan
tan tan tan 1 tan tan
tan tan tan tan tan tan 1
A B
C
A B C
A B C A B
A B B C C A
+
= =

+ =
+ + =

Mt khc p dng BT Bunhiacpski ta c

( ) ( )
2 2 2
1 1 1 1 tan tan 1 tan tan 1 tan tan M A B B C C A + + + + + + +
( ) 3 3 1 2 3 = + =
du bng xy ra khi
tanA tanB = tanB tanC = tanC tanA
tan tan tan A B C = =

6
A B C

= = = (do A + B + C =
2

)
Ta c: sin sin 2sin cos 2cos cos 2cos
2 2 2 2 2
A B A B C A B C
A B
+
+ = = (1)
62
p dng BT :
3
3 3
2 2
a b a b + + | |

|
\
, du = xy ra khi a b =
Ta c:

3
3 3
sin sin sin sin
cos
2 2 2
A B A B C
| |
+ +

|
|
\
( theo(1) )

3 3
3
sin sin
cos
2 2
A B C +
(2)
Tng t:
3 3
3
sin sin
cos
2 2
B C A +
(3)

3 3
3
sin sin
cos
2 2
C A B +
(4)
Cng (2),(3),(4) ta c:
3 3 3 3 3 3
sin sin sin cos cos cos A B C A B C + + + +

3 3 3
3 3 3
sin sin sin
cos cos cos
A B C
M
A B C
+ +
=
+ +
1
Du = xy ra khi
sin sin sin
3 cos 1
2
A B C
A B C
A B

= =

= = =

=

Vy max 1 M = ABC l tam gic u












63


Phn 5 :
BI TP TRC NGHIM
Bi 1:
Cho a + b 1, gi tr nh nht ca biu thc a
3
+ b
3
l
A) 1 B) 1/2 C) 1/4 D) 2
Bi 2:
Gi tr ln nht ca hm s
2
2
1
1
x x
y
x x
+ +
=
+
l
A.
1
3
B. 3 C.
3
2
D.5
Bi 3:
Gi tr nh nht ca hm s
2
2
2 1
2 1
x x
y
x x
+
=
+ +
:
A.
1 5
2
+
B.
1 5
2

C.
9 4 2
7
+
D.
9 4 2
7

Bi 4:
Cho a + b = 1, gi tr nh nht ca biu thc a
4
+ b
4
l
A) 2 B) 1 C) 1/8 D) 1/4
Bi 5:
Cho a, b, c >0 tho mn
1 1 2
a c b
+ = , gi tr nh nht ca
2 2
a b c b
a b c b
+ +
+

l
A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4

Bi 6:
Gi tr nh nht ca hm s ( )
2
2
2 1
1
x x
f x
x x
+
=
+

Bi 7:
GTNN, GTLN ca hm s
2
2
2 4 5
1
x x
y
x
+ +
=
+

A. Min y = 1, max y = 6
B. Min y = -6, max y = -1
C. Min y =2, max y = 5
D. Min y = -5, max y = -2

A) 0 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
Bi 8:
Cho a, b, c >0, gi tr nh nht ca biu thc
a b c
b c c a a b
+ +
+ + +
l
A) 1 B) 1/2 C) 3/2 D) 2
Bi 9:
64
Cho a, b, c, d >0. Gi tr nh nht ca biu thc

a b b c c d d a
b c d c d a d a b a b c
+ + + +
+ + +
+ + + + + + + +
l
A) 8/3 B)1/3 C) 2/3 D) 1
Bi 10:
Cho hm s
6 5
cos sin y x x = . Gi tr ln nht ca y l
A) -1 B) 0 C) 1/2 D) 1
Bi 11:
Gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca hm s
2
1
1
x
y
x x
+
=
+ +
ln lt l
A) max y = 1, min y = -1/3 B) max y = 2, min y = 1/2
C) max y = 1/2, min y = 1/3 D) max y = 3, min y = 1/3
Bi 12:
Gi s x, y, z l nhng s dng thay i tha x + y + z = 1. Gi tr ln
nht ca biu thc
1 1 1
x y z
x y z
+ +
+ + +
l
A) 3/4 B) 1/3 C) 1 D) 2

Bi 13:
Cho cc s dng x, y, z sao cho xyz = 1 v n l s nguyn dng. Gi tr nh
nht ca biu thc
1 1 1
2 2 2
n n n
x y z + + + | | | | | |
+ +
| | |
\ \ \
l
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
Bi 14:
Cho sin sin sin 0 x y z + + = . Gi tr ln nht ca biu thc

2 4 6
sin sin sin P x x x = + + l
A) 0 B) 1/2 C) 1 D) 2
Bi 15:
Gi tr nh nht ca biu thc:
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
4cos cos sin 4sin sin sin x y x y x y x y + + + l
A) 0 B) 1 C) 2 D) 4
Bi 16:
Gi tr ln nht ca biu thc
( )( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
1
1 1
x y xy
x y
+
+ +
l
A) 0 B) 1/2 C) 1 D) 2
Bi 17:
Cho x, y, z dng v x + y + z = 1. Gi tr ln nht ca
S = xyz(x+y)(y+z)(z+x) l
A) 8/729 B) 1/729 C) 0 D) 1/2
Bi 18:
65
Cho x, y thay i sao cho
0 3
0 4
x
y

.
gi tr ln nht ca biu thc (3-x)(4-y)(2x+3y) l
A) 1 B) 6 C) 2 D) 0

Bi 19:
Gi tr nh nht ca biu thc

2 2 2 2
2 12 37 6 6 18 a b a b a b a b + + + + + +
A) 2 B) 5/2 C) 3 D) 5
Bi 20:
Cho x
2
+ y
2
= 1. Gi tr ln nht, gi tr nh nht ca P = x + y ln lt l
A) max P = 1, min P = 0 B) max P = 0, min P = - 2
C) max P = 2 , min P = 1 D) max P = 2 , min P = - 2
Bi 21:
Cho x
2
+ y
2
= u
2
+ v
2
= 1.Gi tr ln nht ca P= ( ) ( ) x u v y u v + + l
A) 2 B) 1 C) 0 D) - 2
Bi 22:
Cho ABC gi tr ln nht ca
2 2 2
2 2 2
sin sin sin
cos cos cos
A B C
P
A B C
+ +
=
+ +
l
A) 0 B) 1/2 C) 2 D) 3
Bi 23:
Cho x, y, z l 3 gc nhn tha x + y + z = 90
o.
Gi tr ln nht ca biu
thc
5 tan tan 5 tan tan 5 tan tan P x y y z z x = + + + + + l
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 3 D) 2 2

Bi 24:
Cho
, 0
1
x y
x y
>

+ =

, gi tr nh nht ca

2
2
1 1
P x y
x y
| |
| |
= + + +
| |
\
\
l
A) 25/2 B) 1/2 C) 1 D) 2

Hng dn v p n :
1. T gi thit 1 a b + bin i tng ng ta c
3 3 2
3 3 1 a b b b + +
m
2
2
1 1 1
3 3 1 3
2 4 4
b b b
| |
+ = +
|
\

2.B
3.D
66
4. T a + b = 1 suy ra a
2
+ 2ab + b
2
=1
mt khc a
2
2ab + b
2
0
t ta c
2 2
1
2
a b + bnh phng hai v, kt hp vi bdt

4 2 2 4
2 0 a a b b + ta c
4 4
1
8
a b + .
5. T gi thit ta c
2ac
b
a c
=
+
vy :
( )
2 2
2 3
3 3
4
2 2 2 2 2
ac a c
a b c b a b c a
a b c b a c ac
+ +
+ + + +
+ = + =


6.C
7.A

8. t P =
a b c
b c c a a b
+ +
+ + +

Ta c 2(P + 3) =
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
9 a b b c c a
a b b c C a
| |
+ + + + + + + (
|
+ + +
\

(Bunhiacopski cho 3 cp s)
Suy ra P 3/2
9. A
10. D
11. A
12. p dng bunhiacopski cho ba cp s tm c max =
13. Ta c
1 1
2 2
n
n
a a
a a
+ + | |

|
\

p dng ta tm c min = 3
14. D
15. C
16. B
17. p dng csi cho 3 s :

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( )( )
3
3
1 3
2 3
x y z xyz
x y y z z x x y y z z x
= + +
= + + + + + + + +

Nhn v theo v, bin i tm c max = 8/729
18. C th vit li biu thc cho thnh: ( ) ( ) ( )
1
6 2 12 3 2 3
6
x y x y +
p dng csi cho ba s tm c max = 36.
19. D
20. D
21. A
22. D
67
23. C
24. p dng B.C.S cho 2 cp s (1, 1) v
1 1
, x y
x y
| |
+ +
|
\

Sau bin i tng ng ta c
2 2
2
1 1 1 1
1
2
x y
xy x y
| | | |
| |
+ + + +
| | |
\
\ \

v
2
1
2 4
x y
xy
+ | |
=
|
\


2
1
4
1
1 25
xy
xy

| |
+
|
\

vy min = 25/2