Hng dn hc sinh mt s kinh nghim gii nhanh bi tp trc nghim phn Andehit gii nhanh bi tp ho hc phn anehit yu cu hc sinh

h phi nm r tnh cht ho hc ca anht, phn bit tnh cht chung v ring ca anehit v xeton. i vi mi th loi bi tp cn tm phng php gii nhanh ph hp, m bo bn cht ho hc, linh hot p dng cc nh lut trong ho hc, la chn nhng d kin, thng tin lin quan n bi tp ho hc, hc sinh cn nm c bi hi ci g? d kin cch lm nh th no? Cch gii nhanh mt s th loi phn bi tp anehit: Dng 1: T cng thc chung ca aneht + Vit cng thc chung : CnH2n+2-m-2a(CHO)m hay R(CHO)n T cng thc chung ta c th vit cc cng thc ca cc loi Anehit: - Anehit no, n chc, mch h: C nH2n+1CHO vi n 0 v trong phn t c cha mt lin kt i nhm chc: - CHO nn vit cng thc phn t: C nH2nO - Aneht khng no n chc, mch h: C nH2n+1-2aCHO - Cng thc phn t anehit no, mch h: C nH2n+2-m (CHO)m Ch : t cng thc chung ca cc loi anehit nu t chy mt anehit thu c s mol CO2 = s mol H2O => nH: nC = 2:1 trong phn t c mt lin kt i vy anht trn no n chc, mch h; cng c th da vo phn ng chy, phn ng cng H 2 t xc nh cng thc tng qut ca anehit... V d 1: t chy mt hn hp 3 anehit A, B, C cng dy ng ng thu c s mol CO2 = s mol H2O, dy ng ng ca anehit trn l: a. No, n chc, mch h b. Khng no n chc c. No, a chc d. Khng no, hai chc Gii: V t chy thu c s mol CO2 = s mol H2O, trong phn t c mt lin kt i ti nhm chc anehit cn gc hirocacbon no, mch h vy anhit l no, n chc, mch h: p n a V d 2: Cng thc n gin nht ca mt anehit no a chc l (C 2H3O)n. Cng thc phn t ca anehit trn l: a. C2H3O b. C4H6O2 c. C8H12O4 d. b v c u ng Gii: CTPT anehit: C2nH3nOn <=> C2n-nH3n-n (CHO)n <=> CnH2n (CHO)n T cng thc phn t anehit no C nH2n+2-mCHO)m ta thy s nguyn t H ca gc = 2 ln s nguyn t C trong gc+ 2 - s nhm chc Vy: 2n=2n+2-n => n = 2 : p n b V d 3: Cng thc thc nghim (cng thc nguyn) ca mt anehit no mch h A l (C4H5O2)n. Cng thc phn t ca A l: a. C2H3(CHO)2 b. C6H9(CHO)6 c. C4H6(CHO)4 d. C8H12(CHO)8 Tng t v d 2 p n l: c V d 4: Cho cc cng thc phn t ca cc anehit sau: (1) C8H14O2 (2) C8H10O2 (3) C6H10O2 (4) C5H12O2 (5) C4H10O2 (6) C3H4O2 Dy cc cng thc phn t ch anehit no, hai chc, mch h l: a.1, 2, 5 b. 2,4, 6 c. 4, 5, 6 d. 1, 3, 6 Gii: V l ng ng ca aneht no , mch h, hai chc c cng thc chung l: C nH2n (CHO)2 hay CnH2n-2O2 v trong cng thc phn t c 2 lin kt vy dy p n : d V d 5: t chy hon ton 10,8 gam mt anehit no, mch h cn dng 10,08 lt kh O2 (ktc). Sn phm chy cho qua dung dch nc vi trong d c 45 gam kt ta to thnh. Cng thc phn t ca anehit l: a. C3H4O2. b.C4H6O4. c.C 4H6O2. d.C4H6O.

Gii: Phng trnh t chy: CxHyOz + x+y/4-z/2 O2 xCO2 + y/2 H2O 0,45/xmol 0,45 mol 0,45 mol x+y/4-z/2 = x => y= 2z (*) Phn t khi: 12x+ y +16z = 10,8x/0,45(**) T * v ** ta c x = 3z/2 x : y : z = 3: 4: 2 v no, mch h => p n a Dng 2: Da vo phn ng trng gng: vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 AgNO3 + NH3 + H2O AgOH + NH4NO3 AgOH + 2NH3 [Ag(NH3)2]OH Phc tan i vi aneht n chc ( tr HCHO) khi thc hin phn ng trng gng d AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 ta c phng trnh phn ng: RCHO + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH RCOONH4 + 2Ag + 3 NH3 + H2O Nhn xt: ta thy t l nRCHO : n Ag = 1: 2 Ring i vi anehit fomic HCHO, phn ng c th xy ra qua 2 giai on theo s sau: [Ag(NH3)2]OH HCHO HCOONH4 + 2Ag [Ag(NH3)2]OH HCOONH4 (NH4)2CO3 + 2Ag Vy nu d AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 th t l nHCHO : n Ag = 1: 4 i vi anehit R(CHO)n khi thc hin phn ng trng gng ta c: [Ag(NH3)2]OH R(CHO)n 2n Ag Trong qu trnh gii bi tp phn anehit lin quan n phn ng trng gng cn ch mt s k nng sau: - Nu thc hin phn ng trng gng hn hp 2 anehit n chc trong d AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 s mol Ag thu c gp 2 ln s mol hn hp th trong hn hp khng c anehit fomic HCHO. - Nu thc hin phn ng trng gng hn hp 2 anehit n chc trong d AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 s mol Ag thu c ln hn 2 ln s mol hn hp th trong hn hp c anehit fomic HCHO. - Nu thc hin phn ng gia hn hp 2 cht hu c n chc trong d AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 s mol Ag thu c nh hn 2 ln s mol hn hp th trong hn hp khng c mt cht hu c khng tham gia phn ng trng gng ( trng hp ny thng c p dng khi thc hin phn ng oxi ho hn hp 2 ru n chc xc nh cng thc cu to ca ru...). - Vy i vi loi bi tp tham gia phn ng trng gng ca anehit cn bm chc vo cc d kin u bi, k m bng ngn ng ho hc v tm cch bin lun kh nng c th xy ra i n kt qu trnh nhng sai lm d mc phi... - i vi anehit a chc 1 mol anehit cho 2n mol Ag ( n l s nhm - CHO ). V d 1: Cho 0,2 mol hn hp 2 anehit cng dy ng ng no, mch h, c s mol bng nhau phn ng hon ton vi lng d AgNO3 trong dung dch NH 3 s lng Ag thu c l 43,2 gam ( hiu sut 100%). Nu t chy hon ton hn hp trn thu c 15,68 lt (KTC) kh CO 2. Cng thc phn t ca 2 anehit l: a. HCHO, CH3CHO b. CH3CHO, C4H9CHO c. C2H5CHO, C3H7CHO d. c b v c u ng Gii: nAg = 43,2/108=0,4 mol => nAg : nhn hp = 2:1 vy hn hp anehit l no, n chc, mch h ( trong hn hp khng c HCHO ). Gi cng thc trung bnh l: C n H2 n +1CHO S phn ng chy: C n H2 n +1CHO n +1 CO2 0,2 mol 0,7 mol Trng hp: n1 = 0 HCHO loi

n + 1 = 3,5 => n = 2,5

Trng hp:

Trng hp: n1 = 1 CH3CHO v n = 2,5 => (n1+n2 ) / 2 = 2,5 Vy : n2 = 4 n1 = 2 n = 2,5 => (n1+n2 ) / 2 = 2,5 Vy : n2 = 3

p n d V d 2: Cho 0,1 mol anehit X tc dng vi dung dch d AgNO3/NH3 thu c 0,4 mol Ag. Mt khc cho 0,1 mol X tc dng hon ton vi H 2 th cn 22,4 lt H2 (KTC). Cng thc cu to ph hp vi X l: a. HCHO b. CH3CHO c. (CHO)2 d. c a v c u ng Gii: V 0,1 mol X tc dng hon ton vi H 2 th cn 0,1 mol H2 vy trong X ch c mt nhm chc -CHO. Ta c t l nAg : nX = 4:1 vy p n: a. V d 3: Cho a mol anehit X, mch h tc dng hon ton vi H2 th cn 3a mol H2 v thu c cht hu c Y. Cho Y tc dng hon ton vi Na d thu c a mol H2. t chy hon ton a mol X thu c ti a 4a mol CO2. Cng thc cu to ph hp vi X l: a. C2H4(CHO)2 b. CH(CHO)3 c. C2H2(CHO)2 d. C2HCHO Gii: V khi tc dng vi H2 th cn 3a mol H2 vy trong X c 3 lin kt . V Y tc dng hon ton vi Na d thu c a mol H2 : trong Y c 2 nhm chc -OH vy X c 2 nhm chc - CHO, v trong gc hiroccbon c mt lin kt . S phn ng chy: CnH2n-2 (CHO)2 n+2 CO2 a 4a Vy n+2=4 => n=2 p n: c. V d 4: t chy hon ton 0,1 mol hn hp A gm 2 anht n chc, ton b sn phm chy cho hp th vo dung dch nc vi trong d, khi lng bnh tng 12,4 gam v khi lc thu c ti a 20 gam kt ta. Mt khc cng cho hn hp trn tc dng vi lng d AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 s lng Ag thu c l 32,4 gam. Cng thc cu to ca 2 aneht l: a. HCHO, CH3CHO c. C2H5CHO, C3H7CHO b. CH3CHO, C4H9CHO d. HCHO, C2H5CHO

Gii: Theo sn phm chy: S mol CO2 = s mol CaCO3 = 20/100 = 0,2 mol Khi lng bnh nc vi trong tng l: m ( CO2 + H2O) = 12,4 gam => nH2O = 3,6/18=0,2 mol v s mol CO2 = s mol H2O nn 2anehit u no, n chc, mch h. nAg = 32,4/108 = 0,3 mol > 2.n hn hp A vy trong A c cha HCHO (x mol) gi cng thc anhit cn li l: CnH2n+1CHO (y mol) Ta c s phn ng trng gng: HCHO 4Ag x 4x CnH2n+1CHO 2Ag y 2y Ta c h phng trnh: x + y = 0,1 (I) T h ta c x = y = 0,05 mol 4x + 2y = 0,3 (II) Gi cng thc trung bnh l: C n H2 n +1CHO C n H2 n +1CHO n +1 CO2 0,1 mol 0,2 mol => n = 1 V s mol 2 anehit bng nhau nn ta c : n1 + n 2 = 1 vy n = 2 2 p n: d V d 5: Chia m gam mt anehit mch h thnh 3 phn bng nhau: Kh hon ton phn 1 cn 3,36 lt H 2 (ktc) Phn 2 thc hin phn ng cng vi dung dch Brom c 8 gam Br 2 tham gia phn ng. Phn 3 cho tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3/NH3 thu c x gam Ag: S phn ng chy:

Gi tr ca x l: a. 21,6 gam c. 43,2 gam

b. 10,8 gam d. Kt qu khc z mol

Gii: Gi cng thc ca anehit l: CnH2n+2-m-2a(CHO)m Phn 1: CnH2n+2-m-2a(CHO)m + (a+m)H2 Ni CnH2n+2-m(CH2OH)m (I) z mol z (a+m)mol

Phn 2: CnH2n+2-m-2a(CHO)m + a Br2 CnH2n+2-m-2aBr2a(CHO)m (II) z mol z a mol Phn 3:

3 / NH 3 CnH2n+2-m-2a(CHO)m AgNO (III) 2m Ag z mol 2mz mol

Ta c: z (a+m) = 0,15 ( theo phng trnh I);* za = 8/160 = 0,05 ( theo phng trnh II);** t * v ** ta c zm = 0,1 phn 3 n Ag = 2zm = 0,1x2 = 0,2 mol vy m Ag = 0,2x108 = 21,6 gam p n a V d 6: Cho 0,15 mol mt anehit Y tc dng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO3/NH3 thu c 18,6 gam mui amoni cua axit hu c. Cng thc cu to ca anehit trn l: a. C2H4(CHO)2 b. (CHO)2 c. C2H2(CHO)2 d. HCHO Gii: Gi cng thc ca anehit Y l: R(CHO)n 3 / NH 3 Ta c s : R(CHO)n AgNO R(COONH4)n 0,15 mol 0,15 mol MR(COONH4)n = n=1 n=2

18,6 0,15 = 124

=> R + 62n = 124

=> R=124-62 = 62 (loi) => R=124-2x62 = 0 Vy cng thc cu to l: OHC-CHO p n b

V d 7: Khi cho 0,l mol X tac dung vi dung dich AgNO 3 d/NH3 ta thu c Ag kim loai. Ho tan hon ton lng Ag thu c vo dung dch HNO3 c nng d thu c 8,96 lt NO2 (KTC). X l: a. b. c. d. e. X la anhit hai chc X la anhitformic X l hp cht cha chc CHO Ca a, b u ng Gii: V s mol Ag thu c bng s mol NO2 = 0,4 mol ,
Ag

ta thy t l nX : n p n d

= 1: 4

andehit- xeton
Cu 1. Anehit l hp cht c cha nhm chc A. (-COOH). B. (-NH2). C. (-CHO). D. (-OH). Cu 2. Nhm chc: -COOH, -OH, -O-, -CHO, -CO-, -NH-, -COO- c bao nhiu chc khng no? A. 2 B.3 C.4 D. 5 Cu 3. Cng thc ca ankanal l A. CnH2nO (n1) B. CnH2n +1 CHO (n0) C. CnH2n+1O (n1) D. Cu a,b u ng Cu 4. Mt cht hu c A c cng thc tng qut dng CnH2nO th A c th l: A. Anehit n chc khng no B. Ru hay ete n chc no mch h C. Xeton n chc no mch h D.Phenol n chc Cu 5. Anehit no n chc mch h c cng thc phn t chung l A. CnH2nO2 (n 1). B. CnH2nO (n 1). C. CnH2n - 2O (n 3). D. CnH2n + 2O (n 1). Cu 6. Xt cc loi hp cht hu c mch h sau: Ru n chc no(X); anehit n chc no(Y); ru n chc khng no c 1 ni i(Z); anehit n chc, khng no c 1 ni i(T). ng vi cng thc tng qut C nH2nO ch c 2 cht, l nhng cht no? A. X, Y B. Y, Z C. Z, T D. X, T Cu 7. Dy ng ng ca anehit acrylic CH2=CH-CHOc cng thc chung l : A. C2nH3nCHO B. CnH2n-1CHO C. CnH2nCHO D.(CH2CH3CHO)n Cu 8. CxHyO2 l andehit mch h, 2 chc ,no khi: A/ y=2x B/ y=2x+2 C/ y=2x-2 D/ y=2x-4. Cu 9. Hp cht cacbonyl C4H8O c bao nhiu ng phn : A/ 1 B/ 2 C/ 3 D/ 4 Cu 10. HCHO c tn gi l a) Anehit fomic b) Metanal c) Fomanehit d) Tt c u ng Cu 11. Dung dch cha khong 40% HCHO trong nc gi l a) Fomon b) Fomanehit c) Fomalin d) Cu a v c ng Cu 12. Mt anehit no mch A c cng thc thc nghim (C2H3O)n. CTPT ca A l a) C2H5CHO b) (CHO)2 c) C2H4(CHO)2 d) C4H8(CHO)2 Cu 13. Mt andehit X mch h ,khng phn nhnh c cng thc nguyn (C3H4O2)n. CTPT ca X l : A/ C3H4O2 B/ C6H8O4 C/ C6H8O3 D/ A,B,C sai. Cu 14. C5H10O c s lng ng phn anehit c nhnh l a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5 Cu 15. Fomon cn gi l fomalin c c khi: A. Cho anehit fomic ho tan vo ru c dung dch c nng t 35%-40% B. Cho anehit fomic tan vo nc c dung dch c nng t 35%-40% C. Ho lng anehit fom D. C b, c u ng Cu 16. Chiu gim dn nhit si (t tri qua phi) ca cc cht: CH3CHO , C2H5OH , H2O l A. H2O, C2H5OH, CH3CHO B. H2O, CH3CHO, C2H5OH C. CH3CHO, H2O, C2H5OH D. CH3CHO, C2H5OH, H2O Cu 17. Andehit HCHO c tn l A. andehit fomic B. fomon C. metanal D. c A,C u ng Cu 18. Tn gi ca CH3-CH(C2H5)CH2-CHO l a) 3- Etyl butanal b) 3-Metyl pentanal c) 3-Metyl butanal-1 d) 3-Etyl butanal Cu 19. Ru no sau y dng iu ch propanal( andehit propionic) A. n-propylic B. n-butylic C. etylic D. i-propylic Cu 20. Cho : CH3COOH, CH3CHO, HCHO, C2H5OH, HCOOCH3 , HCOOH c bao nhiu cht c phn ng trng gng? A. 2 B.3 C.4 D. 5

Cu 21. Cht phn ng c vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 (un nng) hay Ag2O trong dung dch NH3 to thnh Ag l A. CH3 - CH(NH2) - CH3. B. CH3 - CH2-CHO. C. CH3 - CH2 COOH D. CH3 - CH2 - OH. Cu 22. Cht phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 (un nng), un nng to ra Ag l A. ru etylic. B. axit axetic. C. anehit axetic. D. glixerin. Cu 23. Trong cng nghip, anehit fomic c iu ch trc tip t a) axit fomic b) ru etylic c) ru metylic d) metylaxetat Cu 24. Anehit benzoic c cng thc cu to thu gon l a) C6H5CHO b) C6H5CH2=CH-CHO c) (CHO)2 d) C6H4(CHO)2 Cu 25. Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3, l: a) anehit axetic, butin-1, etilen. b) anehit axetic, axetilen, butin-2. c) axit fomic, vinylaxetilen, propin. d) anehit fomic, axetilen, etilen. Cu 26. Cc cht tc dng c vi AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3, to l a) Anehit fomic, axit axetic b) Vinylaxetilen, ru etylic c) Anehit fomic, vinylaxetilen, axetilen d) Cu a, b, c u ng Cu 27. Nha phenolfomanehit c iu ch trc tip t: a) phenol v anehit axetic b) vinylaxetat c) phenol v anehit fomic d) ivinyl v stiren Cu 28. a/. Thuc th duy nht dng nhn bit cc cht: HCHO, CH 3CHO, C2H2 l A. Cu(OH)2, to B. AgNO3/NH3, to C. Br2(dd) D. Tt c u ng b/. Ch dng 1 thuc th no di y phn bit c etanal (anehit axetic) v propan-2-on (axeton)? A. dung dch brom B. dung dch HCl C. dung dch Na2CO3 D. H2 /Ni,t0 c/. Ch dng mt thuc th no di y phn bit c: etanal (anehit axetic), propan-2-on (axeton) v pent-1-in A dung dch brom B. dung dch AgNO3/NH3 C. dung dch Na2CO3 D. H2/Ni,t0 Cu 29. phn bit cc cht: anehit benzoic, benzen, ru benzylic, ta c th dng cc thuc th theo trnh t sau: a) Dng AgNO3/NH3, dung dch Br2 b) Dng Na, dung dch NaOH c) Dng AgNO3/NH3, Na d) Dung dch Br2, Na Cu 30. Ch bng mt thuc th no sau y nhn bit cc cht sau: H 2O, C2H5OH, CH3CHO. a) AgNO3/NH3 b) Cu(OH)2 , t0 c) Na d) a, b, c u c Cu 31. Cho 4 cht: C6H6, CH3OH, C6H5OH, HCHO. Th t cc ho cht c dng phn bit 4 cht trn : a) Nc brom, dung dch AgNO3/NH3, Na b)Dung dch AgNO3/NH3, Na, nc brom c) Dung dch AgNO3/NH3, nc brom, Na d) Na,nc brom, dung dch AgNO3/NH3 Cu 32. t chy mt hn hp cc ng ng ca anehit ta thu c nCO 2= nH2O. Cc cht thuc ng ng no trong cc cht sau? a) Anehit n chc no b) Anehit vng no c) Anehit hai chc no d) Anehit khng no n chc Cu 33. Trong cng nghip , sn xut gng soi v rut phch nc, ngi ta s dng phn ng no sau y? A/ Axetylen tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3. B/ Andehyt fomic tc dung vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 . C/ Dung dch glucoz tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3. D/ Dung dch saccroz tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3. Cu 34. un nng mt ru X vi CuO t0 thch hp sinh ra andehit .Cng thc tng qut ca X l: A/ CnH2n+1OH B/ CnH2n+1CH2OH C/ R-CH2OH D/ RCH(OH)R Cu 35. X l cht mch h c cng thc phn t C 3H6O. X khng tc dng vi Na nhng c phn ng trng gng. Vy X c cng thc cu to l a) CH2=CHCH2OH b) CH3CH2CHO c) HCOOC2H5 d) CH3-O-CH=CH2 Cu 36. Mt hp cht hu c c CTPT l C 4H8O mch h. C bao nhiu ng phn cng H 2 (xc tc Ni) cho ra ru v bao nhiu ng phn cho phn ng vi dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH4OH cho kt qu theo th t trn? A. 3,1 B. 3, 2 C. 7, 2 D. 4, 1 Cu 37. Hp cht hu c X khi un nh vi dung dch AgNO 3 / NH3 (dng d) thu c sn phm Y, Y tc dng vi dung dch HCl hoc dung dch NaOH u cho 2 kh v c A, B, X l: A. HCHO B. HCOOH C. HCOONH4 D. C A, B, C u ng. Cu 38. X l cht c cng thc phn t C 3H6O2. X tc dng vi Na to kh H2 v tham gia phn ng trng gng. Vy X c cng thc cu to l a) HO-CH2-CH2-CHO b) CH3CH2COOH c) HCOOC2H5 d)CH3-O-CH2-CHO

Cu 39. Cho andehit tc dng vi H2 theo t l nAndehit : nH2 = 1: 2. Vy andehit ny c cng thc l a) HOC-CHO b) CH3CHO c) CH2=CH-CHO d) a,c u ng Cu 40. Khi cho mt andehit tc dng vi AgNO3/NH3 d ta thu c Ag vi t l nAndehit : n Ag l 1: 2. Anehit l a) RCHO b) (CHO)2 c) CH3CHO d) HCHO Cu 41. Tnh cht ho hc chung ca anehit l a) Tnh kh b) Tnh oxi ho c) Va c tnh oxi ho, va c tnh kh d) Khng c tnh oxi ho, khng c tnh kh Cu 42. Cht no sau y c th iu ch trc tip c anehit axetic ? a) Ru etylic b) Axetilen c) CH3CHCl2 d) C a, b, c u c Cu 43. CH3-CHO c th to thnh trc tip t: A/ C2H5OH B/ CH3COOCH=CH2 C/ C2H2 D/ Tt c u ng. + NaOH ,t + CuO ,t 2 , as Cu 44. Cho s chuyn ho sau: C2H6 Cl A B C Vy C l cht no sau y ? a) Ru etylic b) Anehit axetic c) Anehit fomic d)Ru metylic H O / HgSO ,t + H / Ni ,t Cu 45. Cho s chuyn ho sau: A + B C Vy A, B, C ln lt l a) C2H4, C2H5OH, CH3CHO b) C2H2, C2H5OH, CH3CHO c) C2H2, CH3CHO, C2H5OH d) C2H5OH CH3CHO, C2H2 Cu 46. Cht khng phn ng vi dung dch AgNO3 /NH3 (un nng) to thnh Ag l A. CH3COOH. B. HCOOH. C. C6H6O6 (glucoz). D. HCHO. Cu 47. Nha phenolfomanehit c iu ch bng cch un nng phenol (d) vi dung dch A. CH3CHO trong mi trng axit. B. CH3COOH trong mi trng axit. C. HCOOH trong mi trng axit. D. HCHO trong mi trng axit. Cu 48. Anehit c th tham gia phn ng trng gng v phn ng vi H 2 (Ni, to). Qua hai phn ng ny chng t anehit A. ch th hin tnh kh. B. khng th hin tnh kh v tnh oxi ho. C. th hin c tnh kh v tnh oxi ho. D. ch th hin tnh oxi ho. Cu 49. Cho anehit A mch h. Tin hnh 2 th nghim: -TN1: t chy hon ton m g A thu c s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O -TN2: Cho m g A tc dng vi Ag2O/NH3 d thu c nAg = 4nA Vy A l a) Anehit no n chc b)Anehit khng no n chc c) Anehit fomic d) c a, b, c u ng Cu 50. Kh ho hon ton mt lng andehyt n chc,mch h A cn V lit kh H 2 . Sn phm thu c cho tc dng vi Na cho V/4 lit H2 o cng iu kin. A l: A/ CH3CHO B/ C2H5CHO C/ Andehyt cha no c 1lin kt i trong mch cacbon D/ Andehyt cha no c mt lin kt ba trong mch cacbon Cu 51. Cc hp cht hu c mch h ch cha cc nguyn t cacbon, hiro v oxit l A 1, B1, C1, D1 u c khi lng phn t bng 60 .v.C. Cc cht B1, C1, D1 tc dng c vi Na gii phng H2. Khi oxi ho B1 (c xc tc) s to thnh sn phm c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng. Cht C 1 tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH. Cht D 1 c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng. Cht A 1 khng tc dng c vi Na, khng tc dng vi NaOH v khng tham gia phn ng trng gng
o o

Cu 52. C hai cht hu c X,Y cha cc nguyn t C,H,O phn t khi u bng 74vC. Bit X tc dng vi NaOH v dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 d . X v Y c cng thc cu to no sau y ? A . C4H9OH v HCOOC2H5 B . OHCCOOH v HCOOC2H5 C . OHCCOOH v C2H5COOH D . C2H5COOH v HCOOC2H5 Cu 53. Cu no sau y l khng ng? a) Anehit cng vi H2 to thnh ancol bc mt b) Khi tc dng vi H2, xeton b kh thnh ru bc hai c) Anehit tc dng vi ddAgNO3/NH3 to ra bc d) Anehit no, n chc c cng thc tng qut C nH2n +2O Cu 54. Chn cu sai:

A. Axeton c th tc dng vi H2 B. Axeton tham gia phn ng trng bc C. Axeton c th tan v hn trong nc D. Axeton l ng phn ca ancol propylic Cu 55. iu no sau y lun ng A. Bt c anhit no khi cho tc dng vi lng d dd AgNO 3/NH3 cng to ra s mol Ag gp i s mol anehit dng B. Mt anehit n chc , mch h bt k , chy cho s mol H 2O nh hn sd mol CO2 phi l anehit cha no C. Cng thc ttng qut ca mt anehit no mch h bt k CnH2n+2 2xOx (x l s nhm CHO) D. B ,C lun ng Cu 56. Cho 0,1 mol cht hu c X cha(C,H,O) tc dng vi AgNO 3/NH3 d, sau phn ng thu Ag vi t l nX : nAg = 1: 4. Bit trong X c cha %O = 37,21%. X c cng thc phn t l a) HCHO b) C2H4(CHO)2 c) C3H6(CHO)2 d) CH3CHO Cu 57. Cho 0,36g metanal vo dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d th thu c bao nhiu gam Ag (H=100%) ? a) 1,296g b) 2,592g c) 5,184g d) 2,568g Cu 58. Cho 11,6g anehit propionic tc dng va vi V(l) H 2(ktc) c Ni lm xc tc. V c gi tr l a) 6,72 b) 8,96 c) 4,48 d) 11,2 Cu 59. Cho 1,97g fomalin (X) tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 to ra axit v 5,4g Ag. Tnh C% ca dung dch X bit phn ng xy ra hon ton a) 38,07 b) 19,04 c) 35,18 d) 18,42 Cu 60. Cho 1,74g mt ankanal B tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d sinh ra 6,48g Ag. CTCT ca B l a) CH3CHO b) C2H5CHO c) HCHO d) CH3-CH(CH3)CHO Cu 61. Cho 2,9 gam mt anehit phn ng hon ton vi lng d AgNO 3 trong dung dch NH3 thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca anehit l A. HCHO. B. CH2=CH-CHO. C. OHC-CHO. D. CH3CHO. Cu 62. Oxi ha 6g ru no n chc X c 5,8g anehit Cng thc cu to ca X l A. CH3- CH2-OH B. CH3-CH2-CH2-0H C. CH3-CHOH-CH3 D. Kt qu khc Cu 63. Khi oxi ha hon ton 2,2 gam mt anehit n chc thu c 3 gam axit tng ng. Cng thc ca anehit l A. HCHO. B. C2H3CHO. C. C2H5 CHO. D. CH3CHO. Cu 64. Cho 0,1 mol hn hp hai anehit n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng phn ng ht vi Ag 2O trong dung dch NH3 d, un nng, thu c 25,92g Ag. Cng thc cu to ca hai anehit l A. HCHO v C2H5CHO. B. HCHO v CH3CHO. C. C2H5CHO v C3H7CHO. D. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO. Cu 65. Cho 0,1 mol anehit X tc dng vi lng d AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 un nng thu c 43,2g Ag. Hiro ho X thu c Y, bit 0,1 mol Y phn ng va vi 4,6g Na. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l a) HCHO b) (CHO)2 c) CH3CHO d) CH3CH(OH)CHO Cu 66. Cho 6,6g mt anehit X n chc, mch h phn ng vi lng d Ag 2O/NH3 un nng. Lng Ag sinh ra cho tc dng vi HNO3 long, thot ra 2,24(l) kh NO duy nht(ktc). Cng thc thu gn ca X l a) CH2=CHCHO b) CH3CHO c) HCHO d) CH3CH2CHO Cu 67. t chy hon ton 7,2g hp cht hu c A thu c 0,4 mol CO 2 v 0,4 mol H2O. Bit A ch cha mt loi nhm chc v 0,05 mol A tham gia phn ng trng gng th to ra 0,1 mol Ag. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca A l a) C3H7CHO b) CH3CHO c) C2H5CHO d) C2H3CHO Cu 68. Cho 50g dung dch anehit axetic tc dng vi Ag 2O/NH3(va ) thu c 21,6g Ag. Nng % ca anehit axetic trong dung dch l a) 4,4% b) 8,8% c) 13,2% d) 17,6% Cu 69. Cho m(g) anehit axetic vo dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d th thu c 6,48g Ag vi H=75%. Vy m c gi tr l a) 1,32g b) 1,98g c) 1,76g d) 0,99g Cu 70. Cho 13,6g mt cht hu c X(C, H, O) tc dng va vi 300ml dung dch AgNO 3 2M trong NH3 thu c 43,2g Ag. Bit dX/O2 = 2,125. X c cng thc cu to l a) C2H5CHO b) CH2 = CH-CH2-CHO c) CHC-CHO d) CHC- CH2-CHO Cu 71. Cho CaC2 tc dng vi nc ri dn kh sinh ra sc qua dung dch M gm HgSO 4 80oC thu c hn hp X gm hai kh. Cho 2,02g X tc dng vi Ag2O/NH3 d th thu c 11,04g hn hp rn Y. Hiu sut phn ng cng nc ca cht kh vo dung dch M l a) 79% b) 80% c) 85% d) Cu a, b, c u sai Cu 72. Cho 1,97g fomalin vo dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 5,4g bc. Nng % ca anehit fomic l a) 38% b) 38,07% c) 36% d) 19% Cu 73. Oxi ho 16kg ru metylic bng oxi khng kh (Cu, t o). Cho anehit to thnh tan vo nc thu c 30kg fomalin 40%. Hiu sut phn ng oxi ho l a) 80% b) 79% c) 81% d) Cu a, b, c u sai

Cu 74. Kh hon ton m gam hn hp hai anehit n chc cn 5,6(l) kh H 2 (ktc). Sn phm thu c cho tc dng vi Na d thu c 1,68(l) H2(ktc). Hai anehit l a) Hai anehit no b) Hai anehit cha no c ) Mt anehit no v mt anehit cha no d) Hai anehit n chc k tip trong dy ng ng Cu 75. t chy mt anehit mch h X cho 8,8g CO2 v 1,8g nc. X c c im a) n chc, cha no cha mt ni i b) S nguyn t cacbon trong phn t l mt s chn. c) S nguyn t cacbon trong phn t l mt s l. d) n chc, no Cu 76. t chy hon ton 0,35g mt anehit n chc X thu c 0,448(l) CO 2(ktc) v 0,27g nc. X c cng thc cu to a) CH2=CH-CH2-CHO b) CH3-CH=CH-CHO c) CH2=C(CH3)CHO d) Cu a, b, c u ng Cu 77. Khi trng gng mt anehit n chc no mch h, hiu sut phn ng 72%, thu c 5,4g Ag th cn dng l a) 8,5g b) 6,12g c) 5,9g d) 11,8g Cu 78. t chy hon ton a mol mt anehit X (mch h) to ra b mol CO 2 v c mol H2O (bit b = a + c). Trong phn ng trng gng, mt phn t X ch cho 2 electron. X thuc dy ng ng anehit A. no, n chc. B. khng no c hai ni i, n chc. C. khng no c mt ni i, n chc. D. no, hai chc. Cu 79. Cho 14,6g hn hp 2 anehit no n chc ng ng lin tip nhau tc dng ht vi H 2 to ra 15,2g hn hp 2 ru. Cng thc ca 2 anehit l a) HCHO, CH3CHO b) CH3CHO, C2H5CHO c) C2H5CHO, C3H7CHO d) C3H7CHO, C4H9CHO Cu 80. Oxi ho 10,2g hn hp hai anehit no n chc lin tip nhau trong dy ng ng, ngi ta thu c hn hp hai axit c trung ho hon ton vi 200ml dung dch NaOH 1M. 1. Cng thc ca hai anehit l a) HCHO v CH3CHO b) HCHO v C2H5CHO c) C2H5CHO v C3H7CHO d) CH3CHO v C2H5CHO 2. Phn % khi lng ca hai anehit ln lt l a) 43,14% v 56,86% b) 45% v 55% c) 25% v 75% d) 40% v 60% Cu 81. Cho 0,92 gam mt hn hp gm C2H2 v CH3CHO tc dng va vi AgNO 3 trong dung dch NH3 thu c 5,64 gam hn hp rn. Phn trm khi lng ca C2H2 v CH3CHO tng ng l A. 28,26% v 71,74%. B. 26,74% v 73,26%. C. 25,73% v 74,27%. D. 27,95% v 72,05%. Cu 82. Ly 0,94 gam hn hp hai anehit n chc no k tip nhau trong dy ng ng cho tc dng ht vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 thu c 3,24 gam Ag. Cng thc phn t hai anehit l: A. CH3CHO v HCHO B. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO C. C2H5CHO v C3H7CHO D. C3H7CHO v C4H9CHO Cu 83. Cho 50 gam dung dch anehit axetic tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 () thu c 21,6 gam Ag kt ta. Nng ca anehit axetic trong dung dch dng l: A. 4,4% B. 8,8% C. 13,2% D. 17,6% Cu 84. Cho hh HCHO v H2 i qua ng ng bt Ni nung nng .Dn ton b hh thu c sau phn ng vo bnh nc lnh ngng t hi cht lng v ha tan cc cht c th tan c, thy khi lng bnh tng 11,8g .Ly dd trong bnh cho tc dng vi dd AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 21,6g Ag. Khi lng CH3OH to ra trong phn ng hp hidro ca HCHO l A. 8,3g B. 9,3g C. 10,3g D. 1,03g Cu 85. Cho 3,0 gam mt anehit tc dng ht vi dung dch AgNO3 trong ammoniac, thu c 43,2 gam bc kim loi. Cng thc cu to ca anehit l: A. HOC CHO B.CH2 = CH CHO C. H CHO D. CH3 CH2 CHO Cu 86. A l mt anehit n chc, thc hin phn ng trng bc hon ton a mol A vi lng d dung dch AgNO3/NH3. Lng kim loi bc thu c em ha tan ht trong dung dch HNO3 long th thu c 4a/3 mol kh NO duy nht. A l: A. Fomanehit B. Anehit axetic C. Benzanehit D. Tt c u khng ph hp Cu 87. Chia hn hp gm 2 anehit no,n chc thnh 2 phn bng nhau.-t chy hon ton phn th nht,thu c 0,54g H2O.-Phn th hai cng H2(Ni,t0),thu c hn hp X.Nu t chy hon ton X th th tch CO 2 thu c kc l: A/ 0,112 lt -B/ 0,672 lt C/ 1,68 lt D/ 2,24 lt Cu 88. Mt hn hp X gm 2 ankanal ng ng k tip nhau trong dy ng ng khi hidro ho hon ton cho ra hn hp 2 ru c khi lng ln hn khi lng ca X 1gam .X t chy cho ra 30,8g CO 2 . Xc nh cng thc cu to v s mol ca mi andehyt trong hn hp.

A/ 9g HCHO v4,4g CH3CHO B/ 18g HCHO v 8,8g CH3CHO B/ 5,5g HCHO v 4,4g CH3CHO C/ 9g HCHO v 8,8g CH3CHO Cu 89. t chy ht 8,8 gam hn hp gm 1 ankanalA v 1 ankanol B (c cng s nguyn t cacbon) thu c 19,8gam CO2 v 9 gam H2O. Tm cng thc phn t ca A. A/ CH3CHO B/ CH3-CH2-CHO C/ HCHO D/ (CH 3)2CH-CHO Cu 90. Oxi ho 48gam ru etylic bng K 2Cr2O7 trong H2SO4 tch ly sn phm hu c ngay khi mi trng v dn vo dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 dthu c 123,8 gam Ag . Hiu sut phn ng oxi ho l: A/ 72,46% B/ 56,32% C/ 54,93% D/ 55,29% Cu 91. Mt hn hp A gm hai ankanal c tng s mol l 0,25 mol . Khi cho hn hp A tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 d thu c 86,4 gam Ag v khi lng dung dch gim 77,5 gam. Xc nh cng thc ca hai andehyt trn. A/ HCHO v CH3CHO. B/ CH3CHO v C2H5CHO. C/ C2H5CHO v C3H7CHO. D/ C3H7CHO v C4H9CHO Cu 92. Hn hp X gm 0,05 mol HCHO v mt andehyt A. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3 d thu c 25,92 gam Ag . Nu em t chy ht X ta thu c 1,568 lt kh CO 2 (kc) . Xc dnh cng thc cu to ca A. Bit A c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh. A/ CH3CHO B/ CH3-CH2CHO C/ OHC-CHO D/ OHC-CH2-CH2-CHO Cu 93. Cho 0,1 mol anehit X tc dng hon ton vi H 2 thy cn 6,72 lt kh hiro (o ktc) v thu c sn phm Y. Cho ton b lng Y trn tc dng vi Na d thu c 2,24 lt kh H 2 (o ktc). Mt khc, ly 8,4 gam X tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 / NH3 thu c 43,2 gam Ag kim loi. Chn nhng cu pht biu ng v cu to ca X A/ X c 4 nguyn t cacbon B/ X c hai chc C/ X khng no D/ Tt c u ng Cu 94. Cho 13,6 gam mt cht hu c X (C, H, O) tc dng va vi 300 ml dung dch AgNO 3 2M trong NH4OH thu c 43,2 gam bc. Bit t khi hi ca X i vi oxi bng 2,125. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X. A.CH3-CH2-CHO B.CH2=CH-CH2-CHO C.HCC-CH2-CHO D.HCC-CHO Cu 95. Hidrat ha hon ton 1,56g mt ankin A thu c mt andehit B. Trn B vi mt andehit n chc C, thm nc c 0,1 l dung dng D cha B v C vi nng mol tng cng l 0,8M. thm t t vo dung dch D dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH4OH d thu c 21,6g Ag kt ta. Xc nh CTCT v s mol ca B v C trong dung dch D. a. B: CH3-CHO- 0,06 mol C: H-CHO - 0,02 mol b. B: CH3-CHO- 0,1 mol C: C2H5-CHO - 0,2 mol c. B: CH3-CHO- 0,1 mol C: H-CHO - 0,15 mol d. B: CH3-CHO- 0,08 mol ; C: H-CHO - 0,05 mol HT.