fttx2011 PDF

I HC QUC GIA THNH PH H CH MINH TRNG I HC KHOA HC T NHIN KHOA IN T - VIN THNG
Nguyn Nh Hu MSSV: 0720095
TI:
NGHIN CU V M PHNG MNG TRUY NHP QUANG FTTX
Chuyn ngnh: Vin Thng v Mng
Thnh ph HCM Nm 2011
I HC QUC GIA THNH PH H CH MINH TRNG I HC KHOA HC T NHIN KHOA IN T - VIN THNG
Nguyn Nh Hu MSSV: 0720095
TI:
NGHIN CU V M PHNG MNG TRUY NHP QUANG FTTX

KHA LUN TT NGHIP C NHN NGNH IN T VIN THNG
CHUYN NGNH: VIN THNG V MNG
NGI HNG DN KHOA HC: 1. TS. Bi H u Ph
Thnh ph HCM Nm 2011
LI CM N
Em xin gi li cm n chn thnh v su sc nht ti Thy Bi Hu Ph -Trng b mn Vin Thng v Mng. Trong sut qu trnh lm lu n vn, Th y lun ht lng hng dn, gip v to iu kin em hon thnh lu n vn ny. ng thi, em cng xin gi li cm n ti Thy C trong khoa in T Vin Thng, Trng i Hc Khoa Hc T Nhin i Hc Quc Gia Thnh Ph HCM tn tnh d y d em trong sut 4 nm hc ti trng. Em c gng ht sc ho n thnh lu n vn ny. V thi gian nghin cu v trnh c hn nn lu n vn ca em khng th trnh khi thiu st. Em rt mong s quan tm, gp ca thy c v cc bn lun vn tt nghip ca em hon chnh hn. Em xin chn thnh cm n!
LI NI U
X hi ngy cng pht trin dn ti s pht trin ca cc khu vc kinh t nh: khu cng nghip, khu cng ngh cao, khu thng mi, khu chung c cao cp cng vi s pht trin ngy cng ln mnh ca cc t chc kinh t nh: ngn h ng, kho bc, cng ty to ra nhu cu rt ln trong vic s dng cc dch v tin ch tch hp tho i, hnh nh v d liu. Bn cnh , cc dch v ng dng trn Internet ngy cng phong ph v pht trin vi tc nhanh nh cc dch v mua bn trc tuyn, ngn hng, game trc tuyn, cc dch v o to t xa, c bit nhu cu v cc loi dch v tch hp thoi, hnh nh v d liu ngy cng gia tng. S pht trin ca cc loi hnh dch v mi i hi h tng mng truy cp phi p ng cc yu cu v bng rng, tc truy cp cao. Cng ngh truy nhp cp ng xDSL c trin khai rng ri nhng hn ch v tc v c ly khng p ng c yu cu dch v. V vy, nghin cu trin khai cc gii php truy nhp quang (FTTx) l vn cp thit hin nay nhm xy d ng h tng mng truy nhp p ng yu cu bng thng rng, tc cao ca cc loi hnh dch v mi. Cng ngh truy nhp quang th ng GPON c ITU chun ha, hin nay l mt trong nhng cng ngh c la chn hng u cho trin khai mng truy nhp ti nhiu nc trn th gii. GPON l cng ngh hng ti cung cp dch v mng y , tch hp thoi, hnh nh v s liu vi bng thng rng. GPON s l cng ngh truy nhp c la chn trin khai hin ti v tng li. Hin nay, nc ta c mt s nh cung cp dch v nh FPT, VNPT, Viettel, CMC TI v ang trin khai h thng mng truy nhp quang (FTTx Fiber To The X). V CMC TI l cng ty u tin ti Vit Nam trin khai mng FTTx theo cng ngh GPON. Do em chn ti tt nghip l Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx tm hiu v cng ngh ny. Lun vn gm 5 chng, ni dung c th ca cc chng nh sau : Chng 1: Tng quan v mng FTTx Chng ny cho ta ci nhn khi qut v s ra i, tnh hnh pht trin ca mng FTTx trn th gii v Vit Nam, nhng ng dng thc tin ca mng FTTx.
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Chng 2: Cc gii php trin khai mng FTTx Trong chng ny, chng ta s xem xt qua v kin trc mng ch ng AON v nghin cu ch yu mng quang th ng PON vi chun GPON. Chng 3 : Trin khai mng FTTx theo chun GPON ti CMC TI Trong chng ny chng ta s xem xt trin khai mng truy nhp quang theo cng ngh GPON ti cng ty CMCTI. i su tm hiu thit b OLT ang c s dng ti CMC TI, thit b ISAM 7342 FTTU. Chng 4 : M phng h thng mng FTTx theo chun GPON Chng ny m phng h thng mng FTTx theo chun GPON. Mt s tnh hung s c a ra nh gi s ph thuc ca h thng mng quang vo cc yu t nh khong cch truyn, tc bit, h s chia ca splitter, suy hao, phng thc m ha nh gi h thng da trn t l li bit BER, th mt, ch s Q. Chng 5: Kt lun v hng pht trin ca ti
Sinh vin thc hin Nguyn Nh Hu
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M C L C
LI CM N..I LI NI UII MC LC..IV DANH MC HNH. . VIII DANH MC BNG.. X DANH MC T VIT TT.. XI CHNG 1 TNG QUAN V MNG FTTx.. .....................................3 1.1 Gii thiu chng ...........................................................................................3 1.2 Ngun gc s ra i ca mng FTTx ..............................................................3 1.3 nh ngha ......................................................................................................7 1.4 Phn lo i .........................................................................................................7 1.4.1 Phn lo i theo chiu di cp quang..........................................................7 1.4.2 Phn lo i theo cu hnh ...........................................................................8 1.5 u nhc im mng FTTx ............................................................................9 1.5.1 u im ................................................................................................ 10 1.5.2 Nhc im .......................................................................................... 11 1.6 ng dng ca FTTx ...................................................................................... 11 1.7 Tnh hnh pht trin FTTx trn th gii v ti Vit Nam ................................ 12 1.7.1 Tnh hnh FTTx trn th gii ......................................................................12 1.7.2.Tnh hnh FTTx ti Vit Nam .....................................................................14 1.8 Kt lun chng ............................................................................................ 14 CHNG 2 MNG QUANG TH NG VI CHUN GPON ................. 15 2.1 Gii thiu chng ......................................................................................... 15 2.2 Mng quang ch ng AON .......................................................................... 15 IV
2.3 Mng quang th ng PON ........................................................................... 16 2.3.1 M hnh mng quang th ng.............................................................. 16 2.3.2 Cc chun mng PON ........................................................................... 19 2.3.2.1 APON ........................................................................................... 19 2.3.2.2 BPON ........................................................................................... 19 2.3.2.3 EPON ........................................................................................... 20 2.3.2.4 GPON........................................................................................... 22 2.3.3 u nhc im mng PON ...................................................................23 2.3.3.1 u im........................................................................................ 23 2.3.3.2 Nhc im .................................................................................. 23 2.3.4 So snh mng PON v AON .................................................................23 2.3.4.1 V bng thng v lu lng.......................................................... 23 2.3.4.2 V tnh kinh t .............................................................................. 24 2.4 Cng ngh GPON (Gigabit PON)..................................................................25 2.4.1 Gii thiu .............................................................................................. 25 2.4.2 Kin trc mng GPON .......................................................................... 26 2.4.2.1 Kt cui ng quang OLT ......................................................... 27 2.4.2.2 Thit b u cui mng ONU/ONT ............................................... 28 2.4.2.3 Mng phn phi quang ODN ........................................................ 28 2.4.3 Cc c tnh c bn ca GPON ............................................................ 29 2.4.3.1 Tc bit ................................................................................... 29 2.4.3.2 Khong cch ............................................................................... 30 2.4.3.3 T l chia...................................................................................... 30 2.4.4 Cu trc phn lp ca mng quang GPON ............................................ 30 2.4.4.1 Lp ph thuc phng tin vt l PMD ........................................ 30 2.4.4.2 Lp hi t truyn dn GTC .......................................................... 32 V
2.4.4.2.1 Cc chc nng chnh h thng GTC .....................................34 2.4.4.2.2 Cc chc nng ca cc phn lp trong h thng GTC ........... 35 2.4.4.2.3 Phn lp thch ng v giao din vi cc thc th lp trn .... 35 2.4.4.3 Cu trc khung GTC ....................................................................36 2.4.4.3.1 Cu trc khung ng xung ............................................... 36 2.4.4.3.2 Cu trc khung ng ln .................................................... 37 2.4.5 Cp pht bng tn ng DBA ............................................................... 38 2.4.5.3 Qu n l hot ng DBA .............................................................. 40 2.5 Bo v i vi phn mng quang th ng GPON .......................................40 2.6 Bo mt ........................................................................................................ 41 2.7 Kt lun chng ........................................................................................... 42 CHNG 3 TRIN KHAI MNG FTTX TI CMC TI .............................. 43 3.1 Gii thiu chng ........................................................................................ 43 3.2 M hnh GPON ti CMC TI ......................................................................... 43 3.3 Cc thit b trong mng GPON .....................................................................44 3.3.1. Mt s thit b ONT ............................................................................ 44 3.3.2 Cu trc thit b OLT s dng trn mng FTTx ti CMC TI ............... 46 3.3.2.1. Tng quan v sn phm 7342 ISAM FTTU ................................ 46 3.3.2.2 Tnh nng GPON ca 7342 ISAM FTTU .....................................46 3.3.2.3 Dch v ........................................................................................ 47 3.3.2.4 Giao din mng ............................................................................ 47 3.3.2.5 Cu trc thit b ISAM 7342 FTTU ............................................ 49 3.3.2.6 Cc khi chc nng ca thit b ................................................... 49 3.3.2.7. Hot ng qun l v bo tr ........................................................ 53 3.4 Cc dch v ang cung cp trn mng GPON CMCTI .................................57 3.4.1 FTTH/B ............................................................................................... 57 VI
3.4.2 Dch v VoIP ....................................................................................... 58 3.4.3 Dch v IPTV ....................................................................................... 58 3.4.4 Dch v truyn s liu VPN/MPLS ....................................................... 59 3.5 Kt lun chng............................................................................................... 59 CHNG 4 M PHNG MNG FTTX THEO CHUN GPON ................... 60 4.1 Gii thiu chng ............................................................................................ 60 4.2 Cc ch tiu nh gi ch t lng mng quang .................................................. 61 4.2.1 T l li bit BER.................................................................................... 61 4.2.2 H s phm cht Q ................................................................................ 64 4.2.3 th mt ............................................................................................ 65 4.2.4 Mi quan h gia th mt v t l li bit BER ...................................67 4.3 Cc tham s c trng cho mng GPON .......................................................... 67 4.3.1 Bc sng hng xung 1490 nm, hng ln 1310 nm ........................ 67 4.3.2 Phng thc iu ch NRZ ...................................................................68 4.3.2.1 Chc nng c bn ca m ng dy............................................ 68 4.3.2.2 Ti sao li dng iu ch NRZ ...................................................... 69 4.4 M phng cc yu t nh hng n cht lng mng GPON ......................... 71 4.4.1 S kt ni ......................................................................................... 71 4.4.2 Cc tnh hung m phng .....................................................................73 4.4.2.1 Cc thng s thit lp chung ......................................................... 73 4.4.2.2 nh hng ca khong cch ........................................................ 74 4.4.2.3 nh hng ca h s chia ca Splitter .......................................... 77 4.4.2.4 nh hng ca tc bit .............................................................. 79 4.5 Kt lun chng............................................................................................... 80 CHNG 5 KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN TI ....................... 81 TI LIU TH AM KHO ................................................................................... 82 VII
Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx
CHNG 1 TNG QUAN V MNG FTTx

1.1 Gii thiu chng Chng ny ch o ta ci nhn khi qut v s ra i, tnh hnh pht trin ca m ng FTTx trn th gii v ti Vit Nam cng nh nhng ng dng thc tin ca m ng FTTx. 1.2 Ngun gc s ra i ca mng FTTx Ngy cng nhiu dch v truy cp bng rng ra i m bng thng ca cc lo i h nh dch v l rt ln. Bng 1.1 cho ta thy nhu cu v bng thng cho mt s loi hnh d ch v nh vy. Bng 0.1 Yu cu bng thng i vi mt s loi hnh dch v Service Bandwidth (downstream)
Broadcast TV (MPEG 2) 2 - 6 Mbps HDTV (MPEG 4) High speed internet Video Conferencing Voice/Video Telephony VoD 6 - 12 Mbps 3 - 10 Mbps 300 - 570 Kbps 64 - 570 Kbps 2 - 6 Mbps
Tnh n thi im thng 9/2008 s thu bao bng rng nc ta vt 1,8 triu thu bao. So vi nm 2007 s lng thu bao tng thm khong 50%. Tc tng chm mt phn do nh hng ca suy thoi kinh t. Trong cc nm sau tc tng trng s tng ng v thm ch l nhanh hn bi nn kinh t n nh v pht trin. Biu Hnh 1.1 di y cho bit v tc tng trng thu bao Internet ti Vit Nam tnh t nm 2008 n nm 2012. Qua biu ny, ta c th thy th phn ca th trng Internet bn g thng rng s tng dn so vi th ph n Internet chung v s t mc ti a 10% th phn vo nm 2012.
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Hnh 1.1 D bo tng trng Internet ti Vit Nam (ngun CMC Telecom) Tc tng s lng ngi dng Internet, cng nh s lng thu bao quy i ti Vit Nam ang dn i vo n nh mc 10 30%. S lng ngi gia tng do tc ng ca hi nhp, pht trin v do tc ng ca cng ngh vi mc tiu ngy cng to iu kin thun li hn cho ngi s dng vi tc ngy mt cao. Trong s pht trin th mt phn l s chuyn i ca ngi s dng Internet t cng ngh c (dial up) sang cc cng ngh mi (c bit l ADSL). Minh ch ng l tc tng thu bao quy i kh n nh khong 30%/nm nhng tc tng thu bao bng rng trong sut my nm qua lun mc trn 200% nm. Nng lc kt ni ca cc ISP ra quc t c tc tng nhanh qua cc nm, mc trn 90% nm, iu chng t nhu cu gia tng c v cht lng cng nh s lng ngi s dng Internet. Mng Internet ng trc ca Vit Nam thng c thit k vi 3 port Internet t ti 3 min, c h thng cp bin v h thng cp ngm, chy ring nhm backup ln nhau khi c s c v ch yu vn kt ni vi 3 im chnh l Nht Bn, Hng Kng v Singapore thng qua ch yu h thng cp quang bin. c kt ni trung chuyn qua VNNIC v peering vi nhau gia cc ISP nhm tn dng ng truyn v lu lng trong nc.
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R rng, vi yu cu bc thit ca th trng vin thng Vit Nam, cc ISP ang ra sc tng cng h tng vin thng mng ca mnh p ng nhu cu . Trn nn h tng mng nh vy c rt nhiu cng ngh truy nhp. Cc cng ngh trong mng truy nhp c th c chia thnh hai nhm chnh l: Cc cng ngh hu tuyn: xDSL (Digital Subscriber Line): ADSL, HDSL, VDSL.. qua ng cp ng. FTTx: (FTTH, FTTB, FTTC, FTTN..) truy nhp bng rng qua ng cp quang. Truy nhp bng rng qua ng in (Broadband over Power Line BPL hay Power Line Communications PLC). Cc cng ngh truy nhp v tuyn: Truy nhp qua v tinh. H thng truy nhp a im ni ht (LMDS Local Multipoint Distribution System). WiFi, WiMAX. 3G, HSPA. Cng ngh xDSL: tn dng h thng h tng cp in thoi bng ng c sn truyn ti d liu tc cao, xDSL tch bng thng trn ng in thoi thnh hai: mt phn nh d nh cho truyn m thoi, phn ln dnh cho truyn ti d liu tc cao. xDSL c nhiu bin th nh ADSL (Asymetric DSL), ADSL2, ADSL2+, VDSL (Very high bit-rate DSL), HDSL.. Cp truyn hnh: Truy nhp Internet tc cao qua ng truyn hnh cp l m hnh lai ghp HFC (Hybrid Fiber Coaxial), tn dng c s h tng cp quang v cp ng trc ca mng truyn h nh cp, cho php kt n i Internet vi tc download ti a ln ti 10Mbps v tc upload ln ti 2Mbps cao hn nhiu so vi tc ng ADSL (8 Mbps download, 600 Kbps upload). Mng cp CATV truyn thng ch truyn ti thng tin 1 chiu t nh cung cp ni dung chng trnh (cc knh TV) ti cc thu bao. s dng c Internet loi hnh thng tin hai chiu th cc nh cung cp truyn h nh cp cn phi u t nng cp thit b c
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kh nng truyn ti thng tin theo chiu ngc li t pha u cui khch h ng. ng thi cn c cc kt ni ra Internet qua cc nh cung cp dch v th ba. iu ny l m t nhc im ca phng n ny v cn chi ph trin khai, duy tu v bo dng cao. WiFi: l cng ngh mng ni b khng dy (WLAN) d a trn tiu chun IEEE 802.11. WiFi v ang c s dng rt rng ri cc ni cng cng. Tuy nhin Wifi khng thch hp l cng ngh truy nhp ca nh cung cp dch v v khong cch bao ph qu ngn (di 100m). Vi cng ngh Wi-Fi, cc trm u cui truy nhp theo im truy cp (Access point) trn c s ngu nhin. V th, trm xa im truy c p d b t kt ni hn so vi trm gn. iu n y hn ch vic trin khai nhng dch v cht lng cao nh IPTV, VoIP... WiMAX: l mt cng ngh truy cp khng dy bng rng do din n WiMAX (WiMAX Forum) xy dng v hng n cung cp cc dch v t c nh n di ng, n cho php truy cp bng rng v tuyn n u cui (last mile) nh mt phng thc thay th cho cp v DSL, c bit hu ch i vi cc vng khng trin khai c cng ngh DSL. WiMAX c th cung cp tc hng chc Mbps ti ngi s dng v trong khong cch hng chc km theo chun IEEE 802.16, tm hot ng c th ln ti 50 km i vi cc trm c nh, v 5 - 15km cho di ng. Tuy WiMAX c nhiu im u vit nh vy v c th cnh tranh vi cc xDSL cng cha p ng nhu cu bng thng c Gigabit ti ngi dng. Vic trin khai cng ngh ny cng c nhng kh khn nht nh. Mt khc gi c thit b u cui hin cn t, di tn m WiMAX s dng khng tng thch ti mi quc gia. Mt khc, qu bng tn c hn ch c th cp cho mt s nh khai thc. Ngoi ra WiMAX s dng sng v tuyn n n ch u nh hng nhiu bi cc yu t mi trng. p ng c nhu cu cp thit cho th trng vin thng v c mt tc , lo i hnh dch v , ngi ta ngh n mt cng ngh truy nhp mi FTTx.
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1.3 nh ngha FTTx (Fiber To The x) l mt kin trc mng trong si quang c ko t cc thit b chuyn mch ca nh cung cp dch v n cc thu bao. Trong , si quang c hoc khng c s dng trong tt c cc kt ni t nh cung cp n khch hng. x c hiu l mt k hiu i din cho cc loi hnh mng khc nhau nh FTTH, FTTC, FTTB, FTTN... Do n c th thay th c s h tng cp ng hin ti nh dy in thoi, cp ng trc. y l m t kin trc mng tng i mi v ang pht trin nhanh chng bng cch cung cp bng thng ln hn cho ngi dng. Hin nay, cng ngh cp quang c th cung cp ng truyn cn bng ln ti tc 100 Mbps. 1.4 Phn loi 1.4.1 Phn loi theo chiu di cp quang
Hnh 1.2 Phn loi mng FTTx theo chiu di cp quang Mt cch tng quan ta c th nhn th y r s phn loi h thng mng FTTx thng qua Hnh 1.2 . Nh trong nh ngha ta c cc loi FTTH, FTTB, FTTC, FTTN im khc nhau ca cc loi h nh ny l do chiu di cp quang t thit b u cui ca ISP (OLT) n cc user. Nu t OLT n ONU (thit b u cui pha user) hon ton l cp quang th ngi ta gi l FTTH/FTTB.
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FTTH (Fiber To The Home): cp quang chy n tn nh thu bao. FTTB (Fiber To The Building): ging nh FTTH nhng y l ko n cc ta nh cao tng.
FTTC (Fiber To The Curb): cp quang n mt khu vc dn c. Lc t ONU n thu bao c th s dng cp ng. Trong m hnh ny, thit b u cui pha ngi s dng c b tr trong cc cabin trn ng ph, dy ni ti cc thu bao vn l cp ng. FTTC cho php san s gi thnh ca mt ONU cho mt s thu bao do n c th h thp c gi th nh lp t ban u. Ngoi ra cn c mt s loi hnh khc nh l FTTE (Fiber To The Exchange),
FTTN (Fiber To The Node) 1.4.2 Phn loi theo cu hnh Cu hnh Point to Point: l kt ni im im, c mt kt ni thng t nh cung cp dch v n khch hng, mi si quang s kt ni ti ch mt khch h ng, nn cu hnh mng tng i n gin ng thi do bng thng khng b chia s, tc ng truyn c th ln rt cao. Qu trnh truyn dn trn cu trc P2P cng rt an ton do ton b qu trnh c thc hin ch trn mt ng truyn vt l, ch c cc u cui l pht v thu d liu, khng b ln vi cc khch hng khc. Tuy nhin, cu trc ny kh c th pht trin cho quy m rng bi gi thnh u t cho mt khch hng rt cao, h thng s tr ln rt cng knh, kh khn trong vn hnh v b o dng khi s lng khch hng tng ln. Cu hnh Point to Multipoints: kt ni im a im, mt kt ni t nh cung cp dch v n nhiu khch hng thng qua b chia splitter. Trong h thng ny mi ng quang i t nh cung cp dch v c chia s s dng chung cho mt s khch hng. S c mt ng quang i n mt nhm khch hng gn nhau v mt a l, ti y ng quang dng chung ny s c chia tch thnh cc ng quang ring bit i n tng khch hng. iu n y lm gim chi ph lp t ng cp quang v trnh cho h thng khi pht trin khi cng knh.
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1.5 u nhc im mng FTTx 1.5.1 u im Cng ngh FTTx s dng cp quang nn n c rt nhiu u im ca h thng quang ni chung. Dung lng ln: Cc si quang c kh nng truyn nhng lng ln thng tin. Vi cng ngh hin nay trn hai si quang c th truyn c ng thi 60.000 cuc m thoi. Mt cp si quang (c ng knh > 2cm) c th cha c khong 200 si quang, dung lng ng truyn ln ti 6.000.000 cuc m thoi. Tnh cch in: Cp si quang lm bng cht in mi thch hp khng cha vt dn in v c th cho php cch in hon ton cho nhiu ng dng. N c th lo i b c nhiu gy bi cc dng in chy vng d i t hay nhng trng hp nguy him gy bi s phng in trn cc ng dy thng tin nh st hay nhng trc trc v in. Tnh bo mt: Si qu ang cung cp bo mt thng tin cao. Mt si quang khng th b trch ly trm thng tin bng cc phng tin in thng thng nh s dn in trn b mt hay cm ng in t, v rt kh trch ly thng tin d ng tn hiu quang. tin cy cao v d bo dng: Do khng chu nh hng ca hin tng fading v do c tui th cao n n yu cu v bo dng i vi h thng quang l t hn so vi cc h thng khc. Tnh linh hot: Cc h thng thng tin quang u kh dng cho hu ht cc d ng thng tin s liu, thoi v video. Cc h thng ny u c th tng thch vi cc chu n RS.232, RS422, V.35, Ethernet, E1/T1, E2/T2, E3/T3, SONET/SDH, thoi 2/4 dy. Tnh m rng: Cc h thng si quang c thit k thch hp c th d dng c m rng khi cn thit. Mt h thng dng cho tc s liu thp, v d E1/T1 (2,048 Mbps/1,544 Mbps) c th c nng cp tr th nh mt h thng tc s liu cao hn bng cch thay i cc thit b in t. H thng cp si quang c th vn c gi nguyn nh c.
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S ti to tn hiu: Cng ngh ngy nay cho php thc hin nhng ng truyn thng bng cp quang di trn 70 km trc khi cn ti to tn hiu, khong cch ny cn c th tng ln ti 150 km nh s dng cc b khuch i laser. Ngoi nhng u im trn ca si quang ni chung, cng ngh FTTx cn c mt s u im khc. Vi cng ngh FTTH, nh cung cp dch v c th cung cp tc download ln n 10 Gbps, nhanh gp 200 ln so vi ADSL 2+. Tc truyn dn vi ADSL l khng cn b ng, c tc ti ln lun nh hn tc ti xung. Cn FTTH cho php cn b ng, tc ti ln v ti xung nh nhau v cho php ti a l 10 Gbps, c th phc v cng mt lc cho hng trm my tnh. Tc i Internet cam kt ti thiu ca FTTx 256 Kbps. Bng 1.2 So snh gia FTTx v ADSL Yu t so snh ADSL FTTx Cp quang
Mi trng truyn tn Cp ng hiu n nh
D b suy hao do in t, Khng b nh hng thi tit, chiu di cp
Bo mt
bo mt thp, d b bo mt cao, khng th nh cp tn hiu ng nh cp tn hiu trn dy ng truyn Cho php cn bng : Upload = download Tc ti a l 10 Gbps FTTx
Tc truyn dn (Upload v download )
Bt i xng : Download > Upload Tc ti a l 20 Mbps
Yu t so snh
ADSL
Kh nng p ng dch Khng ph hp v tc Rt ph hp v tc rt v bng rng : Hosting thp server ring, VPN, hi ngh truyn h nh cao v c th ty bin tc .
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1.5.2 Nhc im Mng quang ni chung v cng ngh FTTx ni ring c rt nhiu u im nhng khng trnh khi nhng nhc im. Mc d si quang rt r nhng chi ph cho lp t, bo dng, thit b u cui li ln. Hn th na, do thit b u cui cn kh t cho nn khng phi lc no h thng mng FTTx cng ph h p. i vi nhng ng dng thng thng, khng i hi bng thng ln nh lt Web, check mail th cp ng vn c tin dng. Do cng ngy ngi ta cng cn phi u t nghin cu gim cc chi ph . 1.6 ng dng ca FTTx Nhng tnh nng vt tri ca FTTx cho php s dng cc dch v thoi, truyn hnh, internet t mt nh cung cp duy nht vi mt ng dy thu bao duy nht. iu to nn s thun tin khng ch trong vic nh gn v thit b, ng dy, chi ph m iu quan trng l n mang li cht lng ng truyn tt nht. Cng ngh p ng iu c trin khai trn nn mng FTTx chnh l IPTV. IPTV (Internet Protocol TV) l dch v truyn h nh qua kt ni bng rng da trn giao thc Internet. y l m t trong cc dch v Triple - play m cc nh khai thc dch v vin thng ang gii thiu trn phm vi ton th gii. Hiu mt cch n gin, Triple - play l mt loi h nh d ch v tch hp 3 trong 1: dch v thoi, d liu v video c tch hp trn nn IP (tin thn l t h tng truyn h nh cp). IPTV v ang pht trin vi tc rt nhanh. Theo Telecom Asia, s thu bao IPTV ring khu vc chu - Thi Bnh Dng s gia tng 75% mi nm, t 34,9 triu thu bao v doanh thu 7 t USD vo nm 2011. Ti Vit Nam, IPTV tr nn kh gn gi i vi ngi s dng Internet ti Vit Nam. Cc nh cung cp nh FPT, VNPT, SPT, VTC a IPTV, VoD... ra th trng nhng phm vi v quy m nh. Cc lo i hnh d ch v i hi tc truyn cao, bo mt tt nh truyn hnh hi ngh, Hosting server ring, VPN cng c cc nh cung cp d ch v tp trugn khai thc. Ngoi ra cn rt nhiu dch v khc nh check mail, lt web, chat, game online, xem phim, nghe nhc trc tuyn, hc trc tuyn
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1.7 Tnh hnh pht trin FTTx trn th gii v ti Vit Nam 1.7.1 Tnh hnh FTTx trn th gii Th trng Trung Quc: Trung Quc l th trng bng rng ln nht Chu , hin c khong 69,1 triu thu bao bng rng tnh n thng 9/2008, trong c 6 triu thu bao FTTH/B. Cng ngh truy cp DSL vn thng lnh 90,9% th trng (China Telecom chim 40 triu thu bao, China Netcom chim 25 triu thu bao), cng ngh cp chim 0,4%, FTTH/B chim n 8,7%. Cc nh cung cp dch v bng thng rng Trung Quc tp trung vo trin khai FTTH/B l chnh v theo xu hng cng ngh PON, c th l EPON v GPON. IPTV l yu t tc ng quan trng nht pht trin FTTx ti Trung Quc. Trung Quc c xu hng truy cp mng tc cao vi cht lng n nh v truyn dn i xng. Thng tin th trng Hn quc
Hnh 1.3 : Tc pht trin FTTH ti Hn Quc Mc tiu truy cp bng rng ca Hn Quc: cung cp truy cp tng th bng rng, cc dch v a phng tin mi ni, mi lc. c 10 triu thu bao tc 50 100 Mbps, v 10 triu thu bao khng dy tc thp hn 1Mbps vo nm 2010 ti Hn Qu c.
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Thng tin th trng Nht Bn Nht Bn xy dng d n 5 nm vi mc tiu: 38 triu thu bao aDSL, 18 triu thu bao FTTH , gi bng rng gim trn 60%, 97% c quan chnh ph lm vic qua Internet, kt ni bng rng n c nng thn v ngi gi (trn 65 tui). Cng ty NTT dn u v FTTH Nht u t 5 ngn t Yn (47 t USD) tnh n nm 2010 nng cp FTTH cho cc ng dn c ca 30 triu thu bao. NTT v Tepco a gi dch v ln n 1Gbps cho php xem TV trn FTTH.
Hnh 1.4 Pht trin thu bao FTTH ti Nht Bn Ti khu vc chu u: mng FTTx cng chng t tim nng pht trin qua nhng con s ng ch . Ti M, FTTH l gii php duy nht i vi cc cng ty cung cp dch v ni ht ti M. Tnh n cui qu 2 nm 2008, cng ty Verzon c ti 2 triu thu bao FTTH. Cu i qu 3 nm 2008, cng ty Verizon vt qua con s 8,5 triu thu bao FTTH. n nm 2010, cng ty ny t c s lng l 18 triu thu bao FTTH. Qua nhng s liu phn tch trn, c th thy rng th trng FTTx ni chung v FTTH ni ring l y tim nng. Khng ch nhng nc pht trin nh Nht Bn, m c nhng nc ang pht trin khc nhu cu ng truyn tc cao nh FTTH cng l rt ln. Ti Vit Nam, th trng FTTx cng v cng si ng.
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1.7.2.Tnh hnh FTTx t i Vit Nam Hin nay, Vit Nam c mt s nh cung cp dch v FTTH sau : Thng 8/2006 FPT Telecom chnh thc tr thnh n v u tin cung cp loi hnh dch v tin tin ny. Ngy 1/5/2009, VNPT cung cp dch v Internet FTTH trn cp quang vi tc cao n 20Mbp s/20Mbps. Cc chi nhnh ca VNPT ti cc tnh thnh cng pht trin mt cch rm r. Ngy 15/05/2009, Viettel chnh thc trin khai cung cp dch v truy nhp Internet FTTH (Fiber To The Home) Cp quang siu tc nhm phc v khch hng doanh nghip m dch v truy cp Internet hin ti (ADSL v Leased Line) cha p ng c v tc v chi ph s dng. Ngy 10/4/2010, CMCTI chnh thc khai trng dch v FTTH. y l cng ty u tin ti Vit Nam trin khai loi hnh FTTH da trn chu n GPON l chu n tin tin nht hin nay. Nhng thng k trn cho thy cc nh cung cp dch v Internet hng u Vit Nam v ang ra sc xy dng v trin khai h thng mng cho cng ngh FTTx. Mc d chi ph lp t ban u cn cao nhng dch v FTTH s dn ph bin hn m trc ht l hng n mt s i tng khch hng nh cc doanh nghip, cng ty, cc qun game 1.8 Kt lu n chng Nhng phn tch trong Chng 1 a ra ci nhn tng quan v mng FTTx. l mt trong nhng th trng v cng tim nng. N em n cht lng tt hn i vi khng ch loi h nh d ch v truyn thng nh thoi, data m cn c nhng dch v mi nh Triple-play. tm hiu su hn v kin trc mng ny chng ta s nghin cu tip Chng 2.
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CH NG 2 MNG QUANG TH NG VI CHUN GPON

2.1 Gii thiu chng FTTx c th s dng mng quang ch ng Active Optical Network (AON) hoc mng quang th ng Passive Optical Network (PON) trin khai mng li. Hai mng n y c phn bit vi nhau bi kin trc c hay khng c s tham gia ca cc thnh ph n tch cc trong tuyn truyn t tng i nh cung cp (CO) ti ngi s dng. Trong chng ny, chng ta s xem xt qua v kin trc mng ch ng AON v nghin cu ch yu mng quang th ng PON vi chun GPON. 2.2 Mng quang ch ng AON Mng quang ch ng s dng cc thit b cn ngun in nui phn tch d liu nh mt chuyn mch, router hoc multiplexer. D liu t pha nh cung cp ca khch h ng no s ch c chuyn n khch hng v d liu t pha khch hng s trnh c xung t khi truyn trn ng vt l chung bng vic s dng b m ca cc thit b ch ng. Mi t chuyn mch c th qun l ti 1.000 khch hng, thng thng l 400-500 khch hng. Cc thit b chuyn mch ny thc hin chuyn mch v nh tuyn da vo lp 2 v lp 3. Mt nhc im rt ln ca mng quang ch ng chnh l thit b chuyn m ch. Vi cng ngh hin ti, thit b chuyn mch bt buc phi chuyn tn hiu quang thnh tn hiu in phn tch thng tin ri tip tc chuyn ngc li truyn i, iu ny s lm gim tc truyn dn ti a c th trong h thng FTTX. Ngoi ra do y l nhng chuyn mch c tc cao nn cc thit b ny c chi ph u t ln, khng ph hp vi vic trin khai i tr cho m ng truy cp. Hnh 2.1 di y m t kin trc mng quang ch ng AON. Vi m hnh cp quang ch y n tng h gia nh, mt thu bao ca mng quang ch ng h nh cy cch trung tm iu khin t xa ti 20 km s c cp mt ng dy quang ring p ng cho bng thng 2 chiu. Cu trc mng ny tng t nh cu trc ca mng cp ng hin nay v d dng cho cc nh cung cp dch v c sn c s h tng. Bi v c im quan trng ca cc h thng vin thng l cc thit b
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u cui thay i rt nhanh chng nhng nhng c s h tng mng th phi tn ti t 15 n 20 nm. Do la chn gii php no l iu rt quan trng i vi cc nh cung cp dch v cng nh nhng k s thit k h thng mng.
Hnh 2.1 Kin trc mng quang ch ng 2.3 Mng quang th ng PON 2.3.1 M hnh m ng quang th ng
Hnh 2.2 M hnh mng quang th ng PON
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Cu trc mng PON c bn gm cc thnh phn l OLT, splitter quang, ONU/ONT. OLT chnh l thit b u cui pha nh sn xut, c nhim v kt ni tt c cc loi dch v li v truyn tn hiu thng qua si cp quang. Tn hiu t OLT s n cc splitter quang. Splitter quang c s dng phn chia bng thng t mt si duy nht n 64 ngi s dng (c th l 32 ho c 16, iu ph thuc vo h s chia ca splitter) trn mt khong cch ti a l 20 km. thu c tn hiu t OLT, ti pha ngi s dng cn c cc ONU/ONT. Cc thit b ny c nhim v l bin i tn hiu in thnh tn hiu quang. S khc bit r nht gia ONU v ONT l ONU khng cn cp ngun cn ONT cn phi cp ngun v ch c ONU m i c kh nng h tr dch v IPTV. Trong s trn, cc thnh phn chnh ca mt mng PON l: OLT (Optical Line Terminal): y l thit b kt cui knh quang t ti
Center Office. N l thnh ph n quan trng nht trong h thng FTTH, cung cp cc giao din truy nhp PON cho thit b ONU pha ngi s dng v cc giao din khc cho tn hiu pha uplink. ONU (Optical Network Unit): ONU l thit b lp t ti pha khch h ng.
N l im cui ca mng quang FTTH. ONU c nhim v chuyn tn hiu quang t giao din PON th nh cc chu n tn hiu cho cc thit b mng, tn hiu truyn hnh, tn hiu thoi c s dng ti thu bao. ONT (Optical Network Terminal): y l thit b u cui pha ngi s
dng, l im cui cng ca ODN. OND (Optical Network Distribution): H thng phn phi cp quang tnh t
sau OLT n ONU/ONT. C th, h thng phn phi quang OND li bao gm cc thnh phn sau y: m ng xng quang, dy nhy quang, hp phi quang ODF, splitter (b chia/ghp quang). y b chia/ghp quang chnh l b chia cng sut quang (Optical Power Splitter): dng chia mt tn hiu quang u vo thnh nhiu tn hiu u ra. Cc h s chia thng thng l 1:4, 1:8 y l b chia th ng tc l khng ph i cp ngun. Suy hao trong b chia ph thuc vo h s chia. H s chia cng ln th
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suy hao cng ln. Vi h s chia l 1:2 th suy hao khong 3 dB, vi h s chia l 1:32 th suy hao ti thiu l 15dB. Suy hao ny chnh l suy hao xen to ra bi s cha hon ho trong qu trnh x l.
Hnh 2.3 B chia cng sut quang Hnh 2.3 cho bit nguyn l chung ca b chia cng sut quang. Gi s ti u vo c 3 bc sng 1 hng ln, 2, 3 hng xung, vi b chia cng sut c h s chia l 1:2 th u ra c 2 ca ra, mt ca c bc sng vo l 2v bc sng ra l 1, mt ca khc li c bc sng vo l 3v bc sng ra l 1.
Hnh 2.4 Kin trc mng quang th ng
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Hnh 2.4 a ra nhng m h nh mm do, ph h p vi nhu cu pht trin ca thu bao cng nh i hi ngy cng tng v bng thng. Bng cch s dng b ghp 1:2 v cc b chia 1:N, PON c th trin khai theo bt c cu hnh no theo Hnh 2.4. PON c th thu gn li th nh cc vng ring kp, hnh cy hay m t nhnh ca cy. Cc tuyn truyn dn trong PON u c thc hin gia OLT v ONU. 2.3.2 Cc chun mng PON Cc chu n mng PON c th chia th nh 2 nhm: nhm 1 bao gm cc chun theo phng thc ghp knh TDM PON nh l APON, BPON (Broadband PON), EPON (Ethernet PON), GPON (Gigabit PON); nhm 2 bao gm chun theo cc phng thc truy nhp khc nh WDM-PON (Wavelength Division Multiplexing PON) v CDMA-PON (Code Division Multiple Access PON). 2.3.2.1 APON y l mng PON truyn theo kiu khng ng b. APON do chun G.983 ca ITU-T quy nh. y cng l chun mng PON u tin trn th gii. 2.3.2.2 BPON Mng quang th ng bng rng BPON c chun ha trong chui cc khuyn ngh G.938. Cc khuyn ngh ny a ra cc tiu chun v cc khi chc nng ONT v OLT, khun dng v tc khung ca lung d liu hng ln v hng xung, cc giao tip vt l, giao tip qun l v iu khin ONT v DBA.
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Hnh 2.5 Kin trc mng BPON Trong m ng BPON, d liu c ng khung theo cu trc ca cc t bo ATM. Mt khung hng xung c tc 155Mbit/s hoc 622 Mbit/s v mt t bo qun l vn hnh b o dng lp vt l OAM (PLOAM Physical layer Operation Administration and Maintenance) c chn vo c mi 28 t bo trong knh. PLOAM c mt bt nhn dng cc t bo PLOAM. Ngoi ra cc t b o PLOAM c kh nng lp trnh c v cha thng tin nh l bng thng hng ln v cc b n tin OAM. Cn c vo cc thng tin v m s nhn dng knh o v nhn dng ng o (VPI/VCI) trong cu trc ATM, cc ONT nhn bit v tch d liu ng xung ca mnh. Mi mt knh (time slot) gm c mt t bo ATM/PLOAM v 24 bit t mo u. T mo u mang thng tin v thi gian bo v (guard time), mo u cho php ng b v khi phc tn hiu ti OLT, v thng tin nh n dng im kt thc ca t mo u. Chiu d i ca t mo u v cc thng tin cha trong c lp trnh bi OLT. Cc ONT thc hin gi cc t bo PLOAM khi chng nhn c yu cu t OLT. BPON s dng giao thc DBA cho php OLT nhn bit lng bng thng cn thit cp cho cc ONT. OLT c th gim hoc tng bng thng cho cc ONT da vo gi cc t bo ATM ri hoc lm y tt c hng ln bi d liu ca ONT. OLT dng nh k vic truyn hng ln do vy n c kh nng mi bt k ONT mi n o tham gia vo hot ng h thng. Cc ONT mi pht mt bn tin phc hi trong ca s ny vi thi gian tr ngu nhin trnh xung t khi m c nhiu ONT mi mun tham gia. OLT xc nh khong cch ti mi ONT mi bng vic gi ti ONT mt bn tin o c ly v xc nh thi gian bao lu thu c bn tin phc p. Sau OLT gi ti ONT mt gi tr tr, gi tr ny c s dng xc nh thi gian bo v ng vi cc ONT. 2.3.2.3 EPON EPON c chun ha bi IEEE 802.3. Trong EPON d liu hng xung c ng khung theo khun dng Ethernet. Cc khung EPON c cu trc tng t nh cc lin kt Gigabit Ethernet im ti im ngoi tr t mo u v thng tin
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xc nh im bt u ca khung c thay i mang trng nhn dng knh logic (LLID Link logic ID) nhm xc nh duy nht mt ONU MAC.
Hnh 2.6 Kin trc mng EPON Trong hng ln, cc ONU pht cc khung Ethernet trong cc khe th i gian c phn b. ONU s dng giao thc iu khin a im PDU (MPCPDU Multi Point Control Protocol Data Unit) gi cc bn tin Report yu cu bng thng, trong khi OLT gi bn tin Gate cp pht bng thng cho cc ONU. Cc b n tin Gate bao gm thng tin v thi gian bt u v khong thi gian cho php truyn d liu i vi ONU. OLT cng nh k gi cc bn tin Gate ti cc ONU hi xem chng c yu cu bng thng hay khng. Cc ONU cng c th gi Report cng vi d liu c pht trong hng ln. Ngoi ra, giao th c DBA cng c th c s dng trong EPON thc hin c ch iu khin phn b bng thng. Do khng c cu trc khung thng nht i vi hng xung v hng ln, do vy trong cu trc ca EPON, cc khe thi gian v giao thc xc nh c ly l khc so vi BPON v GPON. OLT v cc ONU duy tr cc b m cc b ring v tng thm 1 sau mi 16ns. Tc truyn d liu EPON c th t ti 1Gbit/s.
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2.3.2.4 GPON
Hnh 2.7 Kin trc mng GPON GPON c xy dng da trn BPON v EPON. Mc d GPON h tr truyn ti tin ATM, nhng n cng a vo mt c ch thch nghi ti tin mi m c ti u ha cho truyn ti cc khung Ethernet c gi l phng thc ng gi GPON (G-PON Encapsulation Method - GEM). GEM l phng thc da trn th tc ng khung chung trong khuyn ngh G.701 ngoi tr vic GEM ti u ha t mo u phc v cho ng dng ca PON, cho php sp xp cc d liu Ethernet vo ti tin GEM v h tr sp xp TDM. GPON s dng cu trc khung GTC (GPON Transmission Conversion) cho c hai hng xung v hng ln. Khung hng xung bt u vi mt t mo u PLOAM, tip sau l vng ti tin GEM v/hoc cc t b o ATM. PLOAM gm c thng tin cu trc khung v sp t bng thng cho ONT gi d liu trong khung hng ln tip theo. Khung hng ln bao gm cc nhm khung gi t cc ONT. Mi mt nhm c bt u vi t mo u lp vt l m c chc nng tng t trong BPON, nhng cng bao hm tng hp cc yu cu bng thng ca cc ONT.
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2.3.3 u nhc im mng PON 2.3.3.1 u im S dng cc thit b th ng nn khng cn cp ngun, loi b hon ton s cn thit ca ngun ngoi. Dn ti gi thnh r. Gim chi ph bo dng v vn hnh. Tc down load v up load cao. Gim chi ph si quang v gim chi ph cc thit b cho php nhiu ngi dng chia s chung mt si. 2.3.3.2 Nhc im Gii hn bng thng cho cc thu bao v splitter chia u bng thng Gii hn vng ph sng: ti a l 20 km, ph thuc vo s lng splitter (cng nhiu splitter th khong cch truyn cng gim) Khi c OLT mi cn lp t th gi thnh i vi mi thu bao c kt ni n OLT s tng ln cho n khi cc port ca OLT lp y 2.3.4 So snh m ng PON v AON C rt nhiu yu t so snh u im v nhc im ca hai k thut PON v AON. Tuy nhin, y chng ta s xem xt mt s thng s quan trng nh bng thng, kh nng iu khin lung, khong cch l nhng thng s v k thut. Ngoi ra, 2 ch tiu rt quan trng khi ngi ta nh gi mc kh thi ca mt d n chnh l vn u t cho thit b v kinh ph cho khai thc, vn hnh v bo tr h thng. 2.3.4.1 V bng thng v lu lng Ngy cng c nhiu dch v vin thng yu cu tc cao nh IPTV, VOD, Conference meeting Do bng thng l mt vn v cng quan trng. Cc chun ca mng PON c nghin cu rng ri cho php b ng thng cp pht n cc port ti OLT l ging nhau. V iu chnh bng thng v lu lng ca mt thu bao th rt kh v n ph thuc vo cu trc ca mng PON. iu ny c th c ci tin nu cu trc mng PON c cu hnh d phng n +1.
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Mng AON: vi mi mt thu bao s dng ring mt ng cp quang th bng thng c th nm trong khong t 100Mbps n 1Gbps (i vi h gia nh hoc mt cng ty). Vic iu chnh bng thng kh d dng. Khi mt node truy cp c cu to t cc module th ngi ta c th nng cp c bng thng cho mt thu bao no bng cch can thip vo phn cng. 2.3.4.2 V tnh kinh t Vn u t cho thit b ca cc hng: Bng 2.1 So snh AON v PON v gi thnh thit b AON PON Gi thnh thit b u cui Thp Cao AON u th hn Gi thnh
Bi v cc chun Ethernet Cu trc mng khng ging nhng c s dng nn thit b u mng truyn thng n n phi xy cui ti pha ngi s dng dng cc chun mi n n thit b tng i r. u cui cng kh khn hn trong vic nghin cu v ch to.
Gi thnh cc thnh phn cu thnh nn mng (cc thit b ch ng) Cao Thp PON chim u th
Mt thu bao cn c mt port Bi v mt port trn OLT c th laser ti node truy cp nn mt cung cp cho nhiu thu bao nn ng quang c chia ra lm khi s lng thu bao tng ln nhiu kt ni th cng su t ca ngi ta c th s dng cc splitter cc thit b cng phi tng ln.
Gi thnh cc thnh phn mng (cc thit b th ng v cu trc h tng) Cao Thp PON u th hn
S lng cc giao din quang V mi mt ngun laser trn OLT trn cc node truy cp kh ln. s chia s cho nhiu thu bao.
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Kinh ph cho khai thc vn hnh v bo tr h thng : Bng 2.2 So snh AON v PON v chi ph vn hnh v bo tr h thng AON PON Ngun in tiu th Ln Nh Chi ph bo dng Mi mt node truy cp yu Trong mt cabinet t ngoi PON tt hn cu mt ngun in ring. Do tri, splitter gn nh khng cn v c t thit b kh bo dng v chi ph bo dng v cng khng cn th ng hn bo dng cao. ngun ngoi cung cp cho trong cu h nh thit b ny. m ng. PON tt hn nh gi
Gi thnh cc thnh phn mng (cc thit b th ng v cu trc h tng) Cao Thp PON u th hn
Bi v s lng cc giao din V m i mt ngun laser trn quang trn cc node truy cp OLT s chia s cho nhiu thu l kh ln. bao.
Tm li, mi cu hnh mng u c nhng u im ring ca n. Ty vo kh nng ti chnh ca tng nh cung cp dch v cng nh cc iu kin khc m la chn mng PON hay l AON. Tuy nhin vi nhng u im c bit, mng PON ang dn chim lnh th trng bng rng. 2.4 Cng ngh GPON (Gigabit PON) 2.4.1 Gii thiu B khuyn ngh G.984 c a ITU a ra tiu chu n cho m ng PON t c gigabit (GPON) l phin b n mi nh t i vi cng ngh m ng PON. Mng GPON c dung lng m c gigabit cho php cung cp cc ng dng video, truy nh p internet t c cao, multimedia, v cc d ch v b ng thng rng. Tiu chun m i ny a ra kh n ng x l IP v Ethernet hiu qu hn.
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H th ng GPON thng th ng gm m t thit b kt cu i ng dy OLT (Optical Line Termination) v thit b kt cu i mng ONU (Optical Network Unit) hay ONT (Optical Network Termination) c n i vi nhau qua m ng phn phi quang ODN (Optical Distribution Network). Quan h gia OLT v ONU l quan h m t-nhiu, m t OLT s kt n i vi nhiu ONU. 2.4.2 Kin trc mng GPON Hnh 2.8 di m t cu trc h thng GPON bao gm OLT, cc ONU, mt b chia quang v cc si quang. Si quang c kt ni vi cc nhnh OLT ti b chia quang ra 64 si khc v cc si phn nhnh c kt ni vi ONU.
Hnh 2.8 : Kin trc mng GPON Trong : OLT (Optical Line Terminal) : thit b kt ni cp quang tch cc lp t ti pha nh cung cp dch v, thng c t ti cc trm i. ONT (Optical Network Terminal): thit b kt ni OLT thng qua mng phn phi quang (ODN) dng cho trng hp kt ni quang ti nh thu bao (FTTH) ONU (Optical Network Unit): thit b kn ni OLT thng qua mng phn phi quang (ODN) dung cho trng hp kt ni quang ti buiding hoc ti cc va h, cabin (FTTB, FTTC, FTTN). B chia/ ghp quang th ng (Splitter): dng chia/ghp th ng tn hiu quang t nh cung cp dch v n khch hng v ngc li gip tn dng hiu qu
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si quang vt l. Splitter thng c t ti cc im phn phi quang (DP) v cc im truy nhp quang (AP). B chia/ghp quang c hai loi, mt t ti nh trm vin thng, s dng cc t kiu indoor, loi kia s l lo i thit b c bc kn c th m ra khi cn thit v t ti cc im mng xng. FDC: Fiber Distribution Cabinet : t phi quang FDB - Fiber Distribution Box: Hp phn phi quang lo i nh. 2.4.2.1 Kt cui ng quang OLT OLT c kt ni ti mng chuyn mch thng qua cc giao din c chun ha. pha phn tn, OLT a ra giao din truy nhp quang tng ng vi cc chun GPON nh tc bit, qu cng sut, jitter OLT bao gm ba phn chnh: Chc nng giao din port dch v, chc nng kt ni cho v giao din mng phn tn quang.
Hnh 2.9 : Cc khi chc nng trong OLT Pon core shell : khi ny gm hai phn, phn giao din ODN v chc nng PON TC. Chc nng PON TC bao gm to khung, iu khin truy cp phng tin, OAM, DBA, v qun l ONU. Mi PON TC c th la chn hot ng theo mt ch ATM, GEM ho c c hai. Cross-connect shell: cung cp ng truyn gia PON core shell v Service shell. OLT cung cp chc nng kt ni cho tng ng vi cc ch c la chn (ATM, GEM hoc c hai).
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Service shell: phn ny h tr chuyn i gia cc giao din dch v v giao din khung TC ca phn PON. 2.4.2.2 Thit b u cu i m ng ONU/ONT Hu h t cc khi ch c n ng c a ONU/ONT tng t nh cc kh i ch c n ng c a OLT. Do ONU ho t ng v i mt giao din PON (hoc ti a 2 giao din khi ho t ng ch b o v), ch c n ng u n i cho (cross-connect function) c th c b qua. Thay vo l chc n ng ghp v tch knh d ch v (MUX v DMUX) x l lu lng. Cu hnh tiu biu c a ONU c th hin trong Hnh 2.10. S cc kh i chc n ng ONU. M i PON TC s la ch n m t ch truyn d n ATM, GEM ho c c hai.
Hnh 2.10 : Cc khi chc nng ca ONU 2.4.2.3 Mng phn phi quang ODN Mng phn phi quang kt ni gia mt OLT vi mt hoc nhiu ONU s dng thit b tch/ghp quang v mng cp thu bao. B tch/ghp quang: L thit b th ng chia tn hiu quang t mt si truyn i trn nhiu si v ngc li, kt hp cc tn hiu quang t nhiu si thnh tn hiu trn mt si. Dng n gin nht l b ghp quang bao gm hai si dnh vo nhau. Tn hiu nhn c bt k u no cng ch ia lm hai. Cc b tch/ghp NxN c ch to bng cch ghp nhiu b 2x2 vi nhau hoc s dng cng ngh ng dn sng. Nguyn Nh Hu Page 28
Hnh 2.11 : Cc b ghp 8x8 c to ra t cc b 2x2 Cc b tch ghp c c trng bi cc tham s: Suy hao chia: l t l gia cng sut u ra v cng sut u vo ca b ghp, tnh theo Db. Vi mt b 2x2 l tng, gi tr n y l 3dB. Hnh trn biu din hai m hnh ca b 8x8 da trn cc b 2x2. Trong m Hnh 2.11 a, ch c 1/16 cng sut u c a ti tng u ra. Hnh 2.11 b biu din m hnh thit k hiu qu hn, mi u ra nhn c 1/8 cng sut u vo. Suy hao ghp: y l cng sut b tn hao do qu trnh sn xut, gi tr ny thng thng khong 0.1 dB n 1dB. Thng thng cc b tch/ghp ch ch to c mt u vo hoc mt u ra. B c mt u vo gi l b chia (tch), b c mt u ra gi l b ghp. Tuy nhin c nhng b 2x2 c ch to khng i xng (vi t s chia 5/95 hoc 10/90). 2.4.3 Cc c tnh c bn ca GPON 2.4.3.1 T c bit GPON h ng ti t c truyn d n ln hn hoc b ng 1.2 Gbit/s. GPON nh ngha 7 d ng t c bit nh sau: ng ln/ xung: 155 Mbit/s/1.2 Gbit/s; 622 Mbit/s/1.2 Gbit/s; 1.2 Gbit/s/1.2 Gbit/s; 155 Mbit/s/2.4 Gbit/s; 622 Mbit/s/2.4 Gbit/s; 1.2 Gbit/s/2.4 Gbit/s; 2.4 Gbit/s/2.4 Gbit/s. 2.4.3.2 Khong cch Kho ng cch logic: l kho ng cch ln nht gia ONU/ONT v OLT ngoi tr khong vt l. Trong m ng GPON, kho ng cch logic ln nht l 60 km.
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Kho ng cch v t l: l khong cch vt l ln nh t gia ONU/ONT v OLT. Trong m ng GPON, c hai ty ch n cho kho ng cch vt l v 10 km v 20 km. i vi vn t c truyn ln nh t l 1.25 Gbit/s th kho ng cch vt l l 10 km. 2.4.3.3 T l chia i vi nh khai thc m ng th t l chia cng ln cng t t. Tuy nhin t l chia ln th i h i cng su t quang pht cao h n h tr kho ng cch vt l ln h n. T l chia 1:64 l t l l tng cho lp v t l vi cng ngh hin nay. Tuy nhin trong cc bc pht trin tip theo th t l 1:128 c th c s dn g. 2.4.4 C u trc phn lp ca m ng quang GPON Cu trc phn lp c a m ng GPON c cho trong B ng 2.3 :
Phn lp tng thch h i t truyn d n Lp hi t truyn dn (TC) (Transmission convergence) Phn lp ng khung GTC (GTC framing sub- layer) Lp ph thu c phng tin vt l (Physical Media Dependence) (TC adaption sub- layer).
Bng 2.3 Cu trc phn lp m ng GPON 2.4.4.1 Lp ph thuc phng tin v t l PMD Lp ph thuc phng tin vt l (Physical Media Dependence) qun l cc thng tin v tc , phng tin vt l v phng thc truyn cng nh m ha ng dy v bc sng hot ng. Tc tn hiu : T c ng truyn l cc t c b i s c a 8 kHz. H th ng c chu n ha s c cc t c (ng xun g/ng ln) nh sau: Nguyn Nh Hu Page 30
1244.16 Mbit/s/155.52 Mbit/s, 1244.16 Mbit/s/1244.16 Mbit/s, 2488.32 Mbit/s/622.08 Mbit/s, 2488.32 Mbit/s/2488.32 Mbit/s.
1244.16 Mbit/s/622.08 Mbit/s, 2488.32 Mbit/s/155.52 Mbit/s, 2488.32 Mbit/s/1244.16 Mbit/s,
Cc thng s ny tng ng vi vi cc thng s trong mng quang t c t l l i bit BER 1 1010 trong trng h p iu kin suy hao v tn sc ng truyn ln nht do nh hng bi mi trng v yu t thi gian. Phng tin vt l v phng thc truyn Tn hiu c truyn c h ng ln v hng xung b ng phng tin truyn d n. Vic truyn d n song hng c th c hin b ng cch ghp knh theo b c sng WDM truyn trn m t si quang ho c truyn n hng trn hai si quang. Tc bit T c ng xung: T c bit tn hiu t OLT ti ONU l 1244.16 ho c 2488.32 Mbit/s. Khi OLT v u xa ang ho t ng t c danh nh (ng ln/ ng xung) ca n th t c ny c theo di bi m t ng h lp 1 vi chnh xc 1 1011. Khi u xa hot n g ch t do, t c c a tn hiu ng xung c theo di b i n g h lp 3 vi chnh xc 4.6 106. Khi OLT hot ng ch t do, t c c a tn hiu ng xung c theo di bi n g h lp 3 vi chnh xc 3.2 105. T c ng ln: T c bit tn hiu t ONU t i OLT l 155.52, 622.08, 1244.16 ho c 2488.32 Mbit/s. Khi ang trng thi ho t n g v c cp quyn, ONU s pht tn hiu v i chnh xc b ng chnh xc c a tn hiu thu c ng xun g. ONU s khng pht tn hiu khi khng ang trng thi hot ng ho c khng c cp quyn. M ha ng dy M ha ng ln v ng xung s d ng m NRZ. Phng thc ngu nhin ha khng c nh ngh a trong lp ph thu c vt l. Quy nh s dng
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mc logic quang l: pht m c cao cho bit 1, pht m c th p cho bit 0 Bc sng hot ng ng xu ng: Di b c sng ho t ng cho ng xung trong h thng s d ng m t si quang l 1480-1500 nm. Di b c sng ho t ng cho ng xun g trong h thn g s dng hai si quang l 1260-1360 nm. ng ln: Di bc sng ho t ng cho ng ln l 1260-1360 nm. 2.4.4.2 Lp h i t truyn d n GTC Lp GTC bao gm hai phn lp: phn lp ng khung GTC (GTC framing sub-layer) v phn lp tng tch h i t truyn d n (TC adaption sub-layer). Trong Hnh 2.12, phn ATM, GEM, OAM v PLOAM trong phn lp ng khung GTC c phn bit theo v tr trong m t khung tn hiu GTC. Ch c phn OAM mang thng tin vn hnh, qun l v b o d ng c kt cu i ti phn lp ng khung GTC ly cc thng tin iu khin cho phn lp ny v thng tin trong ph n OAM c gn trc tip vo tiu c a khung GTC. Thng tin vn hnh, qu n l v b o dng lp vt l PLOAM (Physical layer Operation Administration and Maintenance) c x l ti kh i PLOAM trong phn lp ny. Cc gi tin d ch v SDU (Service Data Unit) trong phn ATM v GEM c chuyn thnh t gi tin giao thc PDU (Protocol Data Unit) c a ph n ATM v GEM ti m i phn lp thch ng h i t tn g ng. Ngoi ra cc PDU cn bao gm d liu knh OMCI, c xem xt phn lp h i t ny v c trao i vi th c th giao din iu khin v qu n l ONU (OMCI-ONU Management and Control Interface). Kh i iu khin cp pht b ng tn ng (DBA control) l kh i ch c n ng chung, c trch nhim cp pht b ng tn ng cho ton b cc ONU.
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Hnh 2.12 Ngn xp giao thc h thng GTC Trong lp h i t GTC, OLT v ONU khng cn thit ph i c c 2 ch h tr giao thc ATM hay GEM. Vic nh n d ng ch no ang c yu cu ngay khi ci t h thng. ONU thng bo ch lm vic ATM hay GEM thng qua b n tin Serial_Number. Nu OLT c th giao tip vi m t trong s cc ch m ONU a ra th n s tin hnh thit lp knh giao din iu khin v qun l ONU (OMCI) v thit b ONU s xu t hin trong m ng. Nu OLT khng h tr ch ho t n g m ONU a ra th ONU s c xp vo hng i nhng s c thng bo khng tng thch vi h thn g ang hot ng. OAM v PLOAM: qu n l cc ch c n ng ph thuc phng tin vt l PMD v cc lp GTC. OMCI: cung cp h thng qun l ng b cc lp cao hn (lp dch v) Knh PLOAM bao gm cc thng tin c dnh ring ch trong khung GTC. Knh ny c dng cho tt c cc thng tin qu n l GTC v PMD khc khng c gi qua knh OAM. Knh OMCI c dng qu n l cc lp d ch v n m trn lp GTC. GTC cung cp 2 la chn v giao din truyn ti cho lu lng qu n l ny l Nguyn Nh Hu Page 33
ATM v GEM. Ch c n ng GTC cung cp ph ng tin cu hnh cc knh ty chn ny sao cho p ng c kh n ng ca thit b bao gm nh n d ng lung giao th c truyn ti (VPI/VCI ho c Port-ID). 2.4.4.2.1 Cc chc nng chnh h thng GTC Hai ch c nng chnh c a lp h i t truyn d n m ng GPON (GTC) chnh l iu khin truy nhp phng tin v ng k ONU. iu khin truy nhp phng tin (Media access control flow) : Lp GTC th c hin iu khin truy nh p cho lu lng ng ln. V c b n cc khung d liu ng s ch ra v tr lu lng ng ln s c php truyn trong cc khung ng ln c ng b vi cc khung ng xung.
Hnh 2.13 iu khin phng tin trong h thng GTC Khi nim iu khin truy nh p phng tin trong h thng GTC c minh h a trong Hnh 2.13 OLT gn cc con tr (pointer) vo kh i iu khin vt l ng xun g PCBd, con tr ny cho bit thi gian ONU bt u v kt thc vic truyn d liu. Vi cch ny, ch m t ONU c th truy nh p phng tin ti thi im b t k, khng c xung t trong qu trnh truyn. Cc con tr trong cc byte thng tin cho php OLT iu khin phng tin hiu qu ti b ng tn c nh 64 kbit/s. Tuy nhin m t s OLT c th chn cch thit lp cc gi tr cho con tr ti cc t c ln h n v th c hin iu khin b ng tn b ng c ch ng. Nguyn Nh Hu Page 34
ng k ONU Vic ng k ONU c th c hin trong th t c discovery t n g. C hai ph ng thc ng k ONU. Trong phng th c A, s serial c a ONU c ng k ti OLT qua h thn g qu n l (NMS ho c EMS). Trong phng thc B, s serial c a ONU khng c ng k ti OLT qua h thng qu n l. 2.4.4.2.2 Cc chc nng c a cc phn lp trong h thng GTC Phn lp ng khung GTC (GTC framing sub-layer) thc hin ba chc nng: Ghp knh v phn knh: Cc thnh ph n PLOAM, ATM v GEM c ghp knh vo khung TC ng xung ty theo thng tin v ranh gii trong tiu c a khung. M i thnh ph n c trch ra t m t ng ln ty theo ch th trong tiu . To tiu v gi i m: Tiu khung TC c to v nh d ng trong khung ng xung. Tiu trong khung ng ln c gii m. Ch c nng nh tuyn ni b da trn Alloc-ID: nh tuyn d a trn Alloc-ID c thc hin i vi d liu n/t b thch ng h i t truyn d n ATM v GEM 2.4.4.2.3 Phn lp thch ng GTC v giao din vi cc th c th lp trn Phn lp thch ng bao gm 3 b thch ng phn lp h i t : b thch ng h i t truyn dn ATM (ATM TC adapter), b thch ng h i t truyn d n GEM (GEM TC adapter) v b thch ng giao din iu khin qu n l ONU (OMCI adapter). Cc b thch ng h i t ATM v GEM xem xt cc PDU c a phn ATM v GEM trong phn lp ng khung GTC v nh x cc PDU vo tng ph n. Cc b thch ng cung cp giao din sau y cho cc th c th lp trn: 1) Giao din ATM Phn lp ng khung GTC v b thch ng h i t truyn d n ATM lin kt vi n cung cp cc giao din ATM chu n theo tiu chu n ITU-T Rec. I.432.1 cho cc d ch v ATM. Cc th c th lp ATM th ng c th c s dng nh l cc ATM client. 2) Giao din GEM Nguyn Nh Hu Page 35
B thch ng hi t truyn d n GEM c th c cu hnh tng thch cc khung vo nhiu lo i giao din truyn khung khc nhau. Cc b thch ng cn nh n d ng cc knh OMCI theo tn knh o/tn ng o (VPI/VCI) i vi ATM v theo Port-ID i v i GEM. B thch ng OMCI c th trao i d liu knh OMCI cho cc b thch ng ATM TC v GEM TC. B thch ng OMCI nh n d liu t cc b thch ng TC ny v truyn n ti thc th OMCI v chuyn d liu t th c th OMCI ti cc b thch ng TC ny. 2.4.4.3 Cu trc khung GTC 2.4.4.3.1 Cu trc khung ng xu ng Hnh 2.14 Cu trc khung ng xung hi t truyn d n lp GTC. Khung c chiu di 125 s cho c t c d liu 1.24416 Gbit/s v 2.48832 Gbit/s do khung di 19440 byte trong h thng t c 1.24416 Gbit/s v di 38880 byte trong h thng t c . Chiu di c a PCB ng xung l nh nhau cho c hai t c v ph thu c vo s lng cu trc cp pht i vi m i khung.
Hnh 2.14 C u trc khung ng xu ng h i t truy n d n lp GTC 2.4.4.3.2 Cu trc khung ng ln V d cu trc khung ng ln c cho trong Hnh 2.15 Cu trc khung ng ln GTC.
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Hnh 2 . 1 5 C u trc khung ng ln GTC di khung b ng di c a khung ng xung i vi cc lo i t c . M i khung bao gm cc truyn d n cho m t ho c nhiu ONU. BWmap (nh x b ng tn) th c hin sp xp cc truyn dn ny. Trong qu trnh cp pht b ng tn theo s iu khin c a OLT, ONU c th pht t 1 ti 4 loi tiu PON v d liu ngi dng. Cc lo i tiu ny n h sau: Tiu lp v t l ng ln (PLOu); Qu n l vn hnh v b o dng lp vt l ng ln (PLOAMu); Chui nh mc cng sut ng ln (PLSu); Bo co b ng tn n g ng ln (DBRu). Tiu khung ng ln GTC ch ra chi tit n i dung c a cc tiu ny.
Hnh 2.16 Tiu khung ng ln GTC OLT s d ng trng flag trong Bwmap ch ra thng tin PLOAMu, PLSu hay DBRu s c truyn trong m i ln cp pht b ng tn hay khng. Lch truyn cc thng tin ny trong OLT cn phi tnh n nhu cu v b ng tn v tr c a cc knh ph thu c khi thit lp tn s truyn dn.
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M i khi mt ONU n lt s d ng phng tin mng PON t m t ONU khc, n ph i gi mt b n copy m i c a thng tin tiu lp vt l ng ln PLOu. Trong trng hp m t ONU c nhn 2 nh n d ng cp pht (Alloc ID) lin tip (th i gian kt thc c a 1 nh n d ng nh h n 1 so vi th i gian b t u c a nh n d ng tip theo), th ONU s b qua vic gi thng tin PLOu cho nhn dng cp pht th 2. ONU c th b qua vic gi ny nhiu ln b ng vi s nh n d ng cp pht m OLT cp cho n. Yu cu cp pht quyn truy nh p lin t c gip OLT trnh vic b qua cc kho ng trng gia cc ln truyn c a cng mt ONU. Cc cp pht truy nh p ph i lin t c ho c theo lch trnh n u chng xu t pht t hai ONU khc nhau. Sau tiu truyn d n l d liu ti tin c a ngi dng c g i cho n khi vic cp pht c ch nh b i con tr kt thc (StopTime pointer). 2.4.5 C p pht bng tn ng DBA Trong c ch cp pht bng tn ng, khi cc gi tin GEM c di thay i th s c chun ha thnh cc khi c d i c nh. 2.4.5.1 Yu c u cp pht bng tn ng Cc chc nng DBA c thc hin i vi mi loi T-CONT. Cc chc nng ny c phn loi thnh cc phn sau: Pht hin trng thi tc nghn do OLT v/hoc ONU thc hin Bo co trng thi tc nghn ti OLT Cp nht bng tn cp pht bi OLT theo cc tham s c cung cp OLT thc hin cp quyn theo b ng tn c cp nh t v theo lo i T- CONT Qu n l i vi ho t ng DBA 2.4.5.2 Hot ng DBA Hot ng DBA bao gm 2 ch : DBA bo co trng thi (SR-DBA) v DBA khng bo co trng thi (NSR-DBA) trong mi T-CONT. Chc nng bo co DBA l tu chn i vi ONU. Cc OLT bt buc phi h tr c ch bo co v khng bo co, do vy tt c cc ONU c cung cp cc mc i vi chc nng
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DBA. Cc ch ny c th hin bng tnh hung dch v v kh nng ca ONU c cho trong bng sau y.. SR ONU DBA OLT SR-DBA hoc/v NSR-DBA NSR ONU NSR-DBA
Bng 2.4 : Cc ch hot ng DBA SR-DBA: bo co tc nghn ca T-CONT, khi mt T-CONT gi d liu ng ln t ONU ti OLT, s lng t b o hay kh i tin trong b m T-CONT c thit lp trong trng DBA ca bo co bng tn ng ln DBRu. Nu OLT khng mun cho php truyn d liu cho T-CONT, OLT c th cp thi gian cho ring bo co DBRu . Tuy nhin, c th c trng hp OLT nhn c bo co nhng khng p dng bo co i vi vic cp nht bng tn. Mt khc, nu mt T-CONT khng th bo co s t bo hay gi tin c lu tr trong b m, n s gi ti OLT mt m s khng c gi tr trong trng DBA. Hnh 2.17 tng kt cc hot ng DBA. Trong ch ny, vic truyn trng tin DBA trong DBRu l b t buc nu OLT yu cu v nu thiu trng DBA, khun dng ca d liu ng ln khng c nhn ra. NSR-DBA: OLT nhn dng trng thi tc nghn ca tng T-CONT bng cch gim st dng lu lng n. Trong ch ny, trng DBA trong DBRu khng c gi i do OLT s khng yu cu. Trong tnh hung ngoi l khi OLT yu cu DBRu th ONU phi gi bn tin n y mc d ni dung thng tin s b OLT b qua.
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Hnh 2.17 Hot ng ca SR-DBA 2.4.5.3 Qun l hot ng DBA hot ng c ch DBA c mt s thng s cn c cung cp v tha thun bi cc chc nng qun l. OLT v ONU s dng cc chc nng qun l tha thun v ch hot ng DBA, v p li thch hp vi cc yu cu ca hai bn. Tt c cc thng s DBA s c cung cp v tha thun bi giao din iu khin qun l ONU ca GPON (GPON OMCI). 2.5 B o v i vi phn m ng quang th ng G PON Kin trc b o v c a m ng GPON cn thit trong vic tng cng tin c y cho mng truy nh p. Vic trin khai m ng b o v cn c xem xt nh m t c ch ty ch n v vic ny ph thu c vo iu kin kinh t c a tng nh khai thc m ng. C hai lo i chuyn m ch b o v tng t v i chuyn m ch b o v trong h thng SDH: Chuyn m ch t ng c kch thch khi pht hin ra cc l i nh mt tn hiu, m t khung, gim tn hiu (t l l i bit BER th p hn m c ngng quy nh) ... Chuyn m ch b t buc c kch ho t trong qu trnh qun tr m ng nh nh tuyn li tuyn quang, thay th si quang...
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Hnh 2.18 M hnh h thng b o v kp m t m hnh h thng b o v kp cho m ng truy nh p. Cc ph n lin quan n vic b o v trong mng GPON c th l m t ph n b o v gi a giao din ODN trong OLT v giao din ODN trong ONU qua mng ODN, khng bao gm giao din SNI trong OLT.
Hnh 2.18 M hnh h th ng bo v kp Cc yu cu i vi chuyn m ch bo v: Ch c n ng chuyn m ch b o v nn l ch c n ng ty chn.Trong h thng GPON c th c c hai loi chuyn mch bo v trn. C ch chuyn mch thng c th c hin b i ch c n ng OAM, v v y, trng thng tin OAM ph i c d tr trong khung OAM. M i kt n i gia n t d ch v v thit b u cui ph i c gi sau khi chuyn m ch. Ty theo yu cu cu i cng vic trin khai n t d ch v POTS yu cu qu trnh m t khung ph i nh hn 120 ms. Nu th i gian mt khung di h n khong th i gian ny, n t dch v s ct kt n i v yu cu thit lp li cu c gi sau khi chuyn m ch bo v. Do GPON h tr pht trin cc d ch v hin ti nh POTS v ISDN, cn ph i xem xt th i gian ngt kt n i ny. 2.6 B o mt Trong h thng PON th h ng xung, d liu c truyn broadcast n tt c ONU. Mi ONU ch c th truy cp d liu ca mnh, nhng nu ngi dng no c nh ph hoi th c th gi ONU ca ngi dng khc truy cp d liu, h thng bo mt PON s ngn chn vic n y. Ging nh cc mng khc, GPON s dng th tc mt m ngn nga vic nghe trm cc tn hiu khng mong mun. Khng ging nh truy cp wireless hay modem, trong mng PON, bt k ONU no
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cng khng th thy c lu lng hng ln ca ONU khc. iu ny cho php lm n gin ha th tc mt m. u tin l ch cn mt m hng truyn xung ca d liu. Th 2 l d liu hng ln c th truyn kha mt m . GPON s dng chun mt m AES (Advanced Encryption Standard). l mt khi mt m m n hot ng trn mt khi d liu 16 byte (128 bit). c bit ch m c s dng. Khi mt m gi ngu nhin 16 byte c pht ra v XOR vi d liu ng vo to ra d liu mt m OLT. ONU, d liu c mt m ny th XOR vi chui gi ngu nhin 16 byte tng t nh OLT to li d liu ban u. Vi ATM ch c 48 byte c mt m, vi GEM ch c phn ti GEM c mt m . OLT khi to vic trao i kha bng vic gi bn tin n ONU thng qua knh PLOAM. Sau ONU s chu trch nhim to ra kha v pht ngc tr v OLT. 2.7 Kt lu n chng Chng 2 nu ln c cc gii php trin khai mng FTTx: AON v PON. i su tm hiu PON v nghin cu k cc c tnh k thut, kin trc ca m ng GPON. Chng cng a ra cu trc ca cc thit b ONT v OLT. Chng 3 s tm hiu c th hn v cc thit b u cui n y.
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CH NG 3 TRIN KHAI M NG FTTX TI CMC TI

3.1 Gii thiu chng Cng ty C phn H tng Vin thng CMC (CMC TI) l n v trin khai m ng GPON u tin Vit Nam. CMC TI la chn dng thit b 7342 ISAM FTTU ca hng Alcatel-Lucent cung cp gii php mng quang th ng gigabit (Gigabit Passive Optical Network - GPON). Mng GPON ny cho php CMC TI trin khai cc dch v Triple play tin tin, bao gm Internet tc cao, cc dch v truyn thng v thng tin, v truyn hnh/video phn gii cao cho cc khu dn c v cc doanh nghip va v nh. Chng ny s i su v cc tnh nng k thut ca thit b 7342 ISAM FTTU. 3.2 M hnh GPON ti CMC TI
Hnh 3.1 M hnh GPON ti CMC TI M hnh tng th m cc ni cn cung cp dch v mng ti ngi tiu dng l ng i t ONT ti OLT ri truyn ti cc ni nh IP voice, data, video. Ty vo nhu cu ca ngi tiu dng m ngi ta s chuyn ti nhng server khc nhau. Ti CMCTI, Alcatel-Lucent trin khai gii php GPON hng u ca mnh l 7342 Intelligent Services Access Manager Fiber-to-the-User - ISAM FTTU (thit b qun l cc dch v truy nhp thng minh 7342, c s dng cho vic cng ngh Nguyn Nh Hu
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a cp quang ti ngi dng u cui). Nn tng GPON cng c b sung bng 5520 Access Management System (AMS), tc h thng qung l mng truy nhp 5520 AMS, l h thng qun l cho cc phn t mng th h mi ca AlcatelLucent, bao gm tt c cc sn phm ISAM, DSL v truy nhp fiber-based.
. Hnh 3.2: V tr ca 7342 ISAM FTTU 3.3 Cc thit b trong mng GPON 3.3.1. Mt s thit b ONT ONT chia thnh nhiu loi: trong nh (Indoor series), bn ngoi (Outdoor series), doanh nghip (Business series), modular (Modular series). Thit b I-series ONT (Indoor- series)
Hnh 3.3 Thit b Indoor-series ONT L thit b dng cho gia nh. Indoor ONT cung cp kt ni gia cp quang Nguyn Nh Hu Page 44
PON v thit b ca ngi s dng, Indoor ONT phc v nh mt im vo duy nht cho cc dch v. Nhiu ONT c kt ni vi mng 7342 ISAM FTTU. Indoor ONT cung cp cc interface cho: 2 knh dch v thoi (POTS) 2 cp Ethernet 10/100Base-T 1 kt ni video RF 1 port cp quang v 1 port ngun
Thit b Outdoor-series ONT: c lp t bn trong hoc bn ngoi nh .
Hnh 3.4 Thit b Outdoor-series ONT Outdoor ONT s dng ba lo i connector: cc POTS (RJ-11),connector data(10/100Base-T RJ-45) v quang(SC/APC connector) . Thit b Bussiness-series ONT
Hnh 3.5 Thit b Bussiness-series ONT Thit b Bussiness ONT ph hp trong cc doanh nghip cho nhng ng dung SOHO. Thit b ny h tr cc connetor: POTS (RJ-11),connector data (10/100Base-T RJ-45) , quang (SC/APC connector) v video. Thit b MDU-series ONT
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Hnh 3.6 Thit b MDU-series ONT c s dng bn trong ho c bn ngoi nh, trn tng hoc trong cc t rack. Modular ONT c thit k chc chn v kn chng bi, ma... Cp ni c gn vo pha sau ca ONT, h tr nhiu loi connector : POTS (RJ-11),connector data(10/100Base-T RJ-45) , quang(SC/APC connector) 3.3.2 C u trc thit b OLT s dng trn mng FTTx ti CMC TI. 3.3.2.1. Tng quan v sn phm 7342 ISAM FTTU 7342 ISAM FTTU l mt h thng vi si quang cung cp cc dch v v m thoi, d liu, v cc dch v v video cho cc khu dn c v kinh doanh. 7342 ISAM FTTU thu thp v phn phi vi tc cao cc thng tin k thut s, bng cch s dn g cng ngh ca mng quang th ng GPON.
Hnh 3.7 Thit b 7342 ISAM FTTU
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Cc GPON mng cp quang kt ni P -OLT v ONTs l mt m ng quang th ng (PON). Mi kt ni mng GPON t OLT-P l mt kt ni cp quang n. POLT h tr ln n ti a l 32 kt ni mng GPON. Cc 7342 ISAM FTTU h tr nhiu dch v hn GPON, bao gm: voice, d liu, v video. S dng V-OLT, cc 7342 ISAM FTTU h tr cp tiu chun cc d ch v video, truyn h nh, cng nh cc knh analog v digital. V-OLT h tr cc tn s v tuyn y (RF) ph tn s 47 MHz n 862 MHz . 3.3.2.2 Tnh nng GPON ca 7342 ISAM FTTU Cc 7342 ISAM FTTU cung cp cc tnh nng GPON sau y : Cung cp dch v voice, d liu, v cc dch v IPTV cho ti a l 64 port thu bao. Sa cha li v pha trc (FEC) trn giao din PON. RF video phn phi cc dch v c h tr cc knh analog v k thut s. Cu hnh h tr cho a phng tin trn cp ng trc Alliance (MoCA) cho ONTs c h tr MoCA Dng m c 2,488 Gb/s Down Stream dng bc sn g 1490 nm v 1,244 Gb/s Up Stream dng bc sng 1310 nm. Kho ng cch ti a l 20 Km. GEM-ng gi da trn GPON. Ph h p vi mng truy cp y dch v (FSAN) tiu chun. 3.3.2.3 Dch v Cc 7342 ISAM FTTU h tr nhiu dch v, bao gm: m tho i, d liu, IPTV v RF video, qua m ng chuyn mch gi (PSN). 3.3.2.4 Giao din mng Cc 7342 ISAM FTTU cung cp mt tc cao v mng truy cp bng thng cao. Truy cp mng n y bao gm cc giao din sau y: Cc giao din P-OLT gia mng gigabit Ethernet (GE) v cc ONTs Cc giao din V-OLT gia cc mng cung cp dch v video v cc ONTs
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Cc giao din ONT gia OLT-P v thit b thu bao Cc giao din h tr cc kt ni sau y: P-OLT quang kt ni mng vi m ng Ethernet: LC / UPC P-OLT quang kt ni mng n cc GPON: SC / UPC ONT quang kt ni mng n cc GPON: SC / APC P-OLT giao din h thng P -OLT cung cp cho ch bin li, chuyn i, v chc nng kim sot. Trong hng Down Stream, P -OLT tng tc vi cc chuyn m ch Ethernet v voice gateway bng cch s dng vic chm dt mng (NT) card. Trong hng UP Stream, P-OLT phn phi thoi, d liu v video trong bn nhc, hoc lu lng truy cp n cc ONTs trn GPON. Ti P-OLT, line ch m dt (LT) card ch m dt kt ni GPON. P-OLT cng c cha mt card kim sot bo ng v cc giao din th cng, cho php EMS truy cp vo cc h thng 7342 ISAM FTTU cho hot ng, h nh chnh, v bo dng (OAM). Mi h thng P-OLT h tr ti a l: Hai card NT 16 card LT 32 Pons mi P-OLT vi mi card LT h tr hai Pons 64 ONTs trong nh, ONTs ngoi tri, hoc ONTs kinh doanh cho mi PON 48-Gb / s kh nng chuyn i V-OLT giao din : - V-OLT RF phn phi cc dch v video qua PON cc t dch v video nh cung cp cho cc thu bao. - V-OLT cung cp giao din gia mng v cung cp dch v video phn chia bc sng (WDM) n v. Cc ONTs kt ni vi video cung cp dch v mng bng cch s dng GPON v WDM. Qun l thit b: EMS c chc nng qun l P-OLT t xa t mt v tr trung tm. Bn pht hnh c cc h tr sau y: - 5.523 AWS - 5.528 WAM
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3.3.2.5 Cu trc thit b ISAM 7342 FTTU 7342 ISAM FTTU cung cp 1 gigabit qua mang quang (GPON) l c s m ng truy nhp v c 3 c im chnh : Gi d liu thit b ng quang (P- OLT) cung cp chuyn mch trung tm, x l v ch c nng iu khin. Video thit b ng quang (V-OLT) cung cp x l v phn b dch v video. Mng thit b quang (ONT ) cung cp chuyn mch vng x l v chc nng
iu khin. 3.3.2.6 Cc kh i chc nng ca thit b Chc nng ca thit b bao gm chc nng ca cc khi : Khi ngun, Khi iu khin, Khi modul cung cp dch v, Khi thu pht tn hiu quang P-OLT. Khi thu pht tn hiu quang gm hai khi chc nng chnh l: Thit b mng (NT) ng dy thit b (LT)
Hnh 3.8. P-OLT cc khi chc nng vi mt EHNT
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Cc khi chc nng c xy dng trn n n tng phn mm ng dng, bao gm thng tin lin lc v cc giao thc qun l, dch v ct li v cc ng dng qun l, v cc ng dng truyn ti. Network termination: Cc khi chc nng NT c cha mt cp NT card v card ACU cung cp cc chc nng chnh sau y: Lp chuyn mch. NT d phng. Kim sot v qun l. ng b ha Kt ni. Lp chuyn mch: Thit b u cui NT v LT lm vic cng nhau cung cp cc lp chuyn mch chuyn i chc nng. Cc NT card cung cp cc lp chuyn mch o mng cc b (VLAN) qun l chc nng. Chc nng ny kim sot nh x port, bao gm c ngi s dng giao din mng (UNI) ti mt port v GPON ng gi module (GEM) ti port VLAN lp mt ng truyn dn d liu.Thit b LT cung cp lp chuyn mch ti kt ni cho hoc ch iBridge. NT D phng: Chc nng th hai l hai lp chuyn mch NT d phng c cung cp chia s. Bnh thng trng hp khi c hai card NT ang hot ng, b iu khin on-board (OBC) trn lp chuyn mch chuyn i chc nng ng vai tr iu khin hot ng ca c hai thit b chuyn mch. Kim sot v qun l: Cc lp chuyn i c OBC kim sot ring ch c nng nh tuyn ca giao thc Internet(IP). Chuyn i ny c qun l ring bit t card NT. Cc switch c c s qun l thng tin ring (MIB) c th c truy cp vo trc tip bng cch s dng giao thc n gin l qun l mng (SNMP) hoc gin tip bng cch s dng giao thc vi ngn ng (TL1) ho c giao din dng lnh (CLI). Cc OBC trn card NT chnh iu khin hot ng ca ton b thit b POLT. Cc OBC NT c tc qu n l nhanh hn Ethernet (FE), OBC NT kt ni cho OBC trn lp chuyn mch ng b ha cc c s d liu. Cc OBC NT qun l thng tin ring (MIB) ca mnh m c th c truy cp trc tip bng cch
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s dng giao thc qun l mng SNMP hoc gin tip bng cch s dng ngn ng TL1 hay dng dng lnh CLI. Cc Swich c c s qun l thng tin MIB s kim sot ng dng c lin quan n cc khi thit b P-OLT. ng b ha : H thng 7342 ISAM FTTU phi c ng b vi mt vi cc dch v nh voice, video, d ch v (CES). H thng ny c th c cu h nh ng b ha mng bng cch tch hp cung cp (BITS) vi giao din mng IEEE1588v2 v kh nng ca giao din mng EXNT. Kt ni: Card EHNT s dng mt lin kt da trn nng lc Ethernet imim, card (eHCL) theo di trn b ng ni a nng P-OLT tc ln n 2 Gb/s ca unicast, multicast, v trong bng thng qun l truyn d n cho tng LT (ln n 4 Gb/s t c hai card NT). 10 gigabit Ethernet (GE) nh km giao din thit b c cung cp gia hai NTS. Lp chuyn mch layer 2 cung cp 48 port GE v hai port10-GE. Cc port cung cp chc nng sau y: Upstream hoc mng giao din: bn port 1-GE v m t port 10-GE gii hn trn m t trc cung cp mt giao din vi giao din mng Ethernet (EMAN). Dowstream hoc ngi s dng giao din vi hai port ca card LT: ti a 32 port ti bng iu khin tr li cung cp giao din cho cc card LT. Mi card LT yu cu hai port GE. Dowstream hoc ngi s dng giao din vi 4 port ca card LT trn mt k OLTS-M: ti a 56 port ti bng iu khin tr li cung cp giao din cho cc card LT. Mi card LT yu cu bn port GE. NT d phng kt ni: Mt port 10-GE cung cp mt giao din vi card NT d phng chia s v truyn ti thng tin lin lc lin kt vi c s d liu. Line termination (Thit b u cui OLT): P-OLT cung cp cc chc nng b ng cch s dng chc nng ca card LT. Cc card LT cung cp chc nng chnh sau y: - Cu h nh cho GPON.
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- Cu h nh cho cc card NT. - lp chuyn mch. - kim sot v qun l. Cu hnh cho GPON: Mi card LT cung cp cu hnh cho GPON. Cu hnh h tr GPON sa li (FEC), gim Raman. FEC cung cp m ha d liu d phng, cho php card LT pht hin v sa li truyn dn t cc ONT, v nng cao tin cy ca upstream d liu. Upstream h tr FEC c kch hot hay v hiu ha bng cch s dng lnh TL1. Cu hnh cho cc card NT: Mi card LT lin kt ni vi card NT thng qua cc giao thc lin kt. Cc loi hnh lin kt truyn thng ph thuc vo loi card NT trong k. Vi EHNT ci t lin kt eHCL c s dng. EHCL l gi tin da trn giao din Ethernet m cung cp truyn dn t im n im v cho truy cp m ng t card NT. Cc lin kt eHCL h tr nng lc vi tc 4 Gb/s, nhn (Rx) v truyn (Tx) cho card NT. Vi EXNT ci t lin kt XAUI c s dng. XAUI l mt gi tin da trn giao din Ethernet cung cp truyn dn t im n im v v cho truy cp mng t card NT. Cc lin kt XAUI, trn hai port ca card LT, h tr vi tc 5 Gb/s, nh n (Rx) v truyn (Tx) cho card NT. Cc XAUI lin kt, trn bn port ca card LT, h tr cng sut 20 Gb/s , nhn (Rx) v truyn (Tx) cho card NT. Lp chuyn mch: Cc khi chc nng LT cung cp lp chuyn mch chuyn i c th truy cp mng bng cch h tr kt ni qua ch iBridge. Khi LT phc v nh mt lp chuyn mch l chc nng c lp ca khi NT. C LT v NT ho t ng c lp trn phng tin truyn thng truy cp kim sot (MAC) a ch. Khi LT cng cung cp nhn bn truyn dn multicast. Multicast trng lp trn LT card c th lm tng hiu qu ca bng thng vo cc lin kt eHCL gia NT card v card LT. Mi PON c th ng thi h tr ln n 2,4 Gb/s ca multicast vi cch tip cn n y, mc d NT LT cng sut l 4 Gb/s. Cc khi chc nng LT cung cp chc nng qun l GPON kim sot chc nng vn chuyn, chng hn nh thit lp cc lung GEM trn PON ny. Cc GPON qu n l
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chc nng thit lp lin kt gia cc khe, port, dch v v UNIS. Cc card LT chuyn ti container truyn (T-CONT) phn b nhn dng (ID), ID port, khu vc u tin v cht lng dch v (QoS) thng tin cho ONTs c nhn. T-CONTs c s dng qun l cc d n gc phn b bng thng trong phn PON ca lp hi t truyn dn. Cc ONTs s dng T-CONTs v s phn cng nng ng, bng thng yu cu pha Upstream bng thng. Kim sot v qun l: Cc OBC LT gi thng tin qun l ONT thng qua cc VLAN OAM n NT card. Thng tin ny bao gm bo ng v s kin thay i trng thi xy ra trn ONTs h tr bi card LT. 3.3.2.7. Ho t ng qun l v bo tr. Qun l giao din: Giao din qun l cho php vic thc hin cc hot ng qun l, chng hn nh cu hnh, d phng, theo di, bo co, v x l s c. Cc 7342 ISAM FTTU h tr cc giao din qun l sau y cho khu vc gn v qun l t xa: Port th cng hoc port Ethernet trn card AACU cho mt khu vc gn c kt ni thit b u cui.(Hnh 3.9)
Hnh 3.9: AACU-C th cng v cc kt ni Ethernet Cc port th cng vi 2 port trn bng ni a nng P-OLT cho mt thit b u cui kt ni th cng t xa.(Hnh 3.10 v Hnh 3.11)
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Hnh 3.10. ALTS-N bng ni a nng th cng v cc kt ni Ethernet
Hnh 3.11. OLTS-M bng ni a nng th cng v cc kt ni Ethernet
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Port Ethernet trn bng ni a nng P-OLT cho bng thng ra kt ni t xa kt ni th cng thng qua m t thit b u cui ca h thng qun l mng thng qua mt Mng IP Ct port Ethernet gigabit (GE) trn card NT nh ti bng tn kt ni th cng t xa vi thit b u cui thng qua mt h thng qun l mng thng qua mt mng IP. Thit lp th cng thit b u cui: S dng lnh TL1 thng qua kt ni gn hoc t xa n im cui l cch thit lp th cng. Cc P-OLT cung cp la chn hai giao din th cng. Mt giao din th cng c v tr trn card AACU trong k, xem Hnh 3.9. Giao din th cng l mt giao din RS-232 vi mt u ni DB-9. Thit b u cui ca cp c th s dng mt u ni DB-9 hoc u ni DB25 ty thuc vo loi thit b u cui ca giao din th cng c s dng. Giao din th cng trn card AACU thng c s dng truy cp gn. Mt giao din th cng t xa nm khu vc kt ni ca thit b P-OLT. y l m t DB-9 ni c gn nhn RCFT (remote th cng) trn k ALTS-N v l c nhn giao din th cng 2 trn cc k OLTS-M. Thit b u cui ca cp c th s dng mt DB-9 hoc DB-25 ni ty thuc vo loi thit b u cui th cng, hoc modem s dng. Giao din 2 th cng thng kt ni vi mt modem c th c truy cp t xa. TL1 v giao thc truy cp vi ty chn CLI: Cc 7342 ISAM FTTU h tr cc giao thc sau y TL1 v CLI ty chn truy cp: CLI thng qua Telnet v SSH. TL1 thng qua Telnet, SSH, v UDP. Port Ethernet trn bng ni a nng AACU v P-OLT: P-OLT cung cp hai port Ethernet c th c s dng cho nhim v qun l. Mt port Ethernet l trn AACU v port khc l trn bng ni a nng P-OLT. Chng c th c c s dng nh mt port Ethernet hoc th cng cho gii bng thng ngoi kt ni mng IP n mt EMS. Ch c mt port Ethernet c th c s dng ti mt thi im. Cc port Ethernet c th c cu hnh trong cc cch sau:
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Nh cu hnh th cng thit b u cui khi cc knh qun l bc sng thng qua cc port GE trn card NT. Qun l bng thng ngoi khi cc port GE c s dng ch cho d liu lu lng truy cp. Khng c s dng Chc nng EMS: Cc 7342 ISAM FTTU cung cp h thng qun l chc nng (EMS) thng qua h thng mng li qun l sau y: 5520 AMS
Cc 5520 AMS l mt h thng qun l chc nng cung cp mt gii php qun l hon ch nh cho h thng 7342 ISAM FTTU. Nhim v qun l cho 7342 ISAM FTTU c th c thc hin thng qua GUI cung cp bi 5520 AMS. Cc 5.520 AMS l t xa kt ni vi 7342 ISAM FTTU h thng thng qua kt ni mng n cc port GE trn NT,hoc vo port Ethernet trn b ng ni a nng P-OLT. 5528 WAM
Cc WAM 5528 l mt my tnh v cng c qun l da trn h iu hnh Solaris cho cu hnh,duy tr, v kh c phc s c cc 7342 ISAM FTTU. Nhn vin iu h nh c th s dng mt trnh duyt web. trnh duyt web h tr bao gm Microsoft Internet Explorer v Mozilla Firefox. Cc WAM 5528 l ph hp vi cc m ng nh. N cng c th cung cp mt b sung bo dng v kh nng x l s c cho cc mng ln. N lm tng s ngi s dng c trong h thng v cho php kt ni gn. Cc WAM 5528 l kt ni t xa vi h thng 7342 ISAM FTTU thng qua m ng li kt ni n cc port GE trnNT, hoc vo port Ethernet trn AACU hoc qua bng kt ni a nng P-OLT. Cc WAM 5528 s dng da trn kin trc web m c nh gi cao kh nng m rng. N cung cp tng th thit b ha, CLI, v truy cp TL1. Khc ph s c v bo tr: Ph n cng hot ng, qun l v nhim v bo tr cho 7342 ISAM FTTU bao gm: da trn kh nng nng cp ca 7342 ISAM
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FTTU, p ng i vi ch dn LED, thay th hoc thm card, kh c phc s c cc s c lp vt l. Sa cha ONT v x l thng tin c gi tr li c lu tr trong RAM d b mt ONT c th c ly t b nh Flash bng cch s dng mt phin qu n l EMS vi cc-P OLT. Mt nt nhn trn ONT cng c th c dng thu thp cc thng tin mi nht. Mt khi khi xng, cc thng tin ONT c lu gi trong b nh RAM c lu vo b nh FLASH, t thng tin c th c ly ra xem bng cch s dng WAM 5528. 3.4 Cc dch v ang cung cp trn m ng GPON CMCTI 3.4.1 FTTH/B Hin ti CMC TI ang trin khai gi thu xy lp cp quang n nh thu bao trin khai dch v GigaNet da trn cng ngh FTTx GPON ln u tin trin khai ti Vit Nam ca CMC TI, cung cp cc gi cc GigaNet Speed1 (24Mbps), GigaNet Speed2 (32Mbps), GigaNet Speed3 (48Mbps) v GigaNet Bmax (480Mbps) Dch v Giganet cho php bng thng t ti 2.5 Gbps, p ng y nhu cu pht sinh cc dch v vin thng ca khch hng nh: Voip, Video on Demand, truyn s liu, MPLS m khng b suy gim cht lng kt ni. CMC TI trin khai mng FTTx cho c bussiness v home. Mi khch hng c 1 ONT sing c kt ni bng cp quang . GIGANET B - Dch v Internet FTTB ca CMC TI, l dch v truy nhp Internet bng thng rng bng cp quang s dn g cng ngh tiu chu n quc t GPON, h tr a dch v trn mt kt ni vi ng cp quang a n chn ta nh. L qu trnh chuyn tip cng ngh t internet bng rng (ADSL) ln internet cp quang (FTTH) vi kh nng cung cp bng thng upload/download i xng, chiu d i cp nh hn v tc nhanh gp nhiu ln ADSL. Dch v FTTB chuyn cp quang ti cc ONT c nh t ti ta nh. mi ONT c 24 port , dng cp ng ti tng ngi s dng.
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3.4.2 Dch v VoIP VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)- Truyn thoi trn giao thc IP. N s dng cc gi d liu IP (trn mng LAN, WAN, Internet) vi thng tin c truyn ti l m ho ca m thanh. Tun theo chun SIP,H323 cho php kt ni ti tt c cc nh cung cp dch v thoi IP. Cng vi s pht trin c a cng ngh cho php ngi dng c th gi ng thi c 2 mng IP v mng PSTN.Vi cc c ch bo mt iu khin truy xut vt l, chng thc, quyn hn ca ngi dng vi cc dch v v s m ha gip cho h thng VoIP lun c bo mt cao nht. Trong cc d ch v th Voip c u tin m thoi gim ti thiu kh nng rt mng.
Hnh 3.12 : M hnh Voip CMCTI 3.4.3 Dch v IPTV IPTV - Internet Protocol TV - l m ng truyn hnh kt hp cht ch vi m ng vin thng. Ni rng hn IPTV l dch v gi tr gia tng s dng mng bng rng IP ph c v cho nhiu ngi dng (user). Cc user c th thng qua my vi tnh PC ho c my thu hnh ph thng cng vi hp phi ghp Settopbox (STB) s dng dch v IPTV. IPTV c 2 loi l : Unicast c truyn t nh ISP ti CMCTI. y l chng trnh truyn hnh tivi km theo d ch v IPTV.
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Multicast c truyn t nh ISP ti CMCTI. y l chng trnh truyn trn Tivi thng thng 3.4.4 Dch v truyn s liu VPN/MPLS Dch v truyn s liu ni h t lin tnh Gigawan da trn cng ngh chuyn mch nhn a giao thc MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) m bo vic truyn d liu tc cao, ch t lng, d dng nng cp m rng ph hp vi cc khch hng c nhu cu truyn d liu a im, tc cao. Dch v GIGAWAN c cc Doanh nghip trong khi ngn hng, doanh nghip, b o him ti chnh, tp on xuyn quc gia, Doanh nghip, t chc ln c nhiu chi nhnh, vn ph ng giao dch a chung truyn s liu v cht lng ng truyn n nh, chi ph s dng th p, c bit l h tr kh nng support rt nhanh khi xy ra s c k thut hay l i cp... Hin trn th trng cc ISP cung cp vi nhiu tc khc nhau t 128k, 256k, 1MbpsCn CMC TI ch cung cp cho cc i tc c nhu cu s dng t tc 1Mbps n 450Mbps n i ht hay lin tnh vi gi thnh ph hp nh t. 3.5 Kt lu n chng Chng 3 nu ln c m h nh mng GPON ti cng ty c phn vin thng CMC TI. Tm hiu chi tit v thit b GPON ti cng ty- 7342 ISAM FTTU, v cc d ch v ang c CMC TI cung cp trn m ng GPON. Chng 4 s m phng h thng mng GPON, cc yu t nh hng ti cht lng ng truyn nh tc bit, khong cch v t l chia.
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CH NG 4 : M PHNG MNG FTTX THEO CHUN GPON

4.1 Gii thiu chng Chng 4 m phng h thng mng FTTx theo chun GPON b ng phn m m OptiSystem 7.0. Mt s tnh hung a ra nh gi s ph thuc ca h thng mng quang vo cc yu t nh khong cch truyn, tc bit, cng su t pht, suy hao, phng thc m ha. C th, trong phn m phng ny gm 2 phn: Phn 1: M phng cc tham s c bn ca mng GPON Bng 0.1 Cc thng s c bn mng GPON c tnh Tc bit ti a T l chia (ONU/ONT) M ng dy Bc sng Thng s 2,488 Gbit/s i vi c 2 hng ln v xung 1:16 hoc 1:8 NRZ 1550 nm xung & 1310nm ln 1490 nm xung & 1310nm ln Kho ng cch Khong cch ti a gia ONT v OLT 20 km
Phn 2: M phng cc yu t nh hng n cht lng mng GPON - Kho ng cch - H s chia ca Splitter - Tc bit Khi h thng quang cng tr nn ph c tp hn, cc nh khoa hc v k s
ngy cng phi p dng cc k thut phn mm m phng tin tin h tr vn thit k linh hot, hiu qu . Bi vy, OptiSystem ra i. Optisystem mt phn mm thit k cc h thng quang chuyn nghip c xy dng bi Optiwave Systems Inc. Phin bn OpticSystem 7.0 l phin b n mi cung cp cc tnh nng, to iu kin m phng v thit k cc cng ngh mng truy nhp quang mi. Mi trng m phng mnh m cho php ngi dng kim tra, lp k hoch v m phng cc
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h thng quang trong cc lp vt l ca mt lot cc mng quang th ng: BPON, EPON, GPON. Hn na, OptiSystem cn h tr cc cng c phn tch nh gin m t, BER, Q-Factor, tn hiu chirp nh gi h thng. V th , trong ph n m phng n y, s s dng phn mm m phng OptiSystem 7.0. 4.2 Cc ch tiu nh gi cht lng mng quang 4.2.1 T l l i bit BER nh ngha: L t l bit b li trn tng s bit truyn i. Trong , xc sut li bit l mt trong nhng cch hiu qu nh gi tn hiu mt cch nh lng. Khi my thu nh n c tn hiu quang, n s chuyn tn hiu quang thnh tn hiu in thng qua mt photodiode. Sau , tn hiu in li c khuch i tn hiu nh mt b khuch i. Tn hiu ny sau c ly mu tng ng vi mi bit, ta c mt mc in th xc nh. Vi mt ngng cho trc, mc tn hiu no ln hn ngng th l bit 1, ngc li l bit 0. Nu nhiu qu ln, cc mc in th c th vt qua ngng c c thnh bit 1 v ngc li to ra li.. Nh k thut m ha sa sai FEC, ngi ta c th h thp t l li bit t 10-4 xung cn 10-12. Tuy nhin, thng thng t l li bit trong tn hiu quang thng l 10-9. Cch tnh BER vi nhiu bin tun theo h m phn b Gaussian.
(a)
(b)
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Hnh 4.1 Mi lin quan tn hiu nhn c v hm phn b xc sut Hnh a ch ra dng tn hiu nhn c. Gi tr dng in I dao ng t I0 ti I1 v ID l dng ngng. Nu I > ID th l bit 1 cn ngc li l bit 0. BER c th c tnh theo xc xut li bit: BER = P(1)P(0/1) + P(0)P(1/0) Trong : P(1) v P(0) l xc sut nhn c bit 1 v 0. P(0/1) l xc sut la chn bit 0 khi bit 1 c nhn P(1/0) l xc sut la chn bit 1 khi bit 0 c nhn Do c th xy ra trng hp: P(1) = P(0) = 1/2. Khi : BER = [P(0/1) + P(1/0)] (4.2) (4.1)
Hnh b ch ra xc sut P(0/1) v P(1/0) ph thuc vo hm mt xc xut P(I). Dng hm P(I) ph thuc vo thng k ngun nhiu. Vi nhiu bin tun theo hm phn b Gaussian, ta c:
(4.3)
(4.4)
(Mi mt hm Gaussian c mt gi tr kh c nhau.) Trong erfc l hm b li c nh ngha nh sau:
(4.5) Thay vo cng th c trn ta c:
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(4.6) Phng trnh ny ch ra rng BER ph thuc vo dng ngng ID. Trn thc t ID c nh gi da trn gi tr BER nh nht. Trng hp nh nht khi ID c chn theo cng thc:
(4.7) Tnh xp x ta c :
(4.8) Suy ra:
(4.9) Ta c: 0 = 1, (4.10) Khi , BER min. Khi P(1/0) = P(0/1). iu n y c th nh n th y r trong hnh (b). Thay cc gi tr tm c vo cng thc tnh BER ta c:
(4.11) Vi:
(4.12) Phng trnh trn ch ra mi quan h gia BER v h s Q: Q gim th BER tng v ngc li. Ta c th thy r iu thng qua th di y:
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Hnh 4.2 Mi quan h gia h s phm cht Q v t l li bit BER 4.2.2 H s phm ch t Q nh ngha: H s cht lng tn hiu l t s tng ng vi t l tn hiu trn nhiu (SNR) ca tn hiu in b thu sau khi c khuch i. H s ny c tnh da theo cng thc (4.12).
Hnh 4.3 H s Q tnh theo bin
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4.2.3 th mt nh ngha: Biu mt hay mu mt l mt hnh nh cho thy rt r mc mo ca tn hiu s. u ra phn bng gc ca h thng (sau khi lc bng gc, trc khi ly mu quyt nh bit truyn l 1 hay 0), cc h thng lun c mt im o, t dn tn hiu vo mt oscilloscope. Nu tn s qut ca oscilloscope bng vi tc bit ca tn hiu th trn mn hnh hin th ca oscilloscope, cc tn hiu s dng li trng ln nhau. Nu xem mc tn hiu dng l m mt bn trn, tn hiu m l m m t bn di, ta s c mt hnh nh nh mt mt ngi m. chnh l m u mt. Mu mt vi v s tn hiu i vo oscillocscope th chng ln nhau. Nhng h nh nh cho thy mc mo ca tn hiu v d tr tp m. Gi gi tr nh dng ca tn hiu khng mo l tng l 1 cn gi tr nh m ca tn hiu khng mo l tng l -1 th m ca mu mt l tng s l (2/2)x100% = 100%, trong thc t th m mu mt s l kho ng trng ln nht gia cc ng cong tn hiu m v dng, chia 2 v tn theo phn trm. Mu mt cng m (s % cng ln ) th cht lng tn hiu cng tt. Ngc li vi m mu m t l ng mu mt Mu mt c gi l m nu m mu mt ln hn 0. Mu mt c gi l ng nu m bng 0. Mu mt thng l t 20% 30%, ty theo h thng c m chng nhiu hay khng. Mu mt c xem l bnh thng nu khong ln hn 50 %. Thc t th yu cu ln hn, khong 75%. Hnh 4.4 m t chi tit cch thc dng ln th mt. Gi s ta c 8 chui bit ln lt l 000, 100, 010, 110, 111, 001, 101, 011, 111. ng vi cc chui bit ta c cc dng tn hiu tng ng. V d nh vi chui bi 000, ta s c gi tr nh m ca mu mt (trong hnh di ly l nh dng), vi chui bit 111, ta s c gi tr nh dng ca mu mt (trong hnh di ly l nh m). Ngoi ra cn c mt s chui bit khc. Tng hp cc chui bit ta c th mt tng ng nh hnh v. Nu s chui bit cng ln th hnh dng ca biu m t s gm rt nhiu ng chng chp ln nhau. Ta c th thy rt r iu ny
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trong biu mt Hnh 4.5 . y, th mt c ly trong mt chu k bit, m mt l khong 50%, mt con s c th chp nhn c trong thc t.
Hnh 4.4 S hnh thnh th mt Hnh 4.5 cho ta th y mt kt qu thc t ca th mt. C rt nhiu chui bit c tng hp li pha thu to nn th mt c hnh dng kh phc tp.
Hnh 4.5 th mt
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4.2.4 M i quan h gia th mt v t l li bit BER th mt l s kt hp ca cc mu in p hoc thi gian ca cc tn hiu gc. Mt oscilloscope, c th c tc ly mu l 10 Gbps. Vy phn ln cc mu m t c to ra t mt s t cc mu tn hiu. Trong trng hp s mu t, nhng nhiu lin quan n hoc xut pht t cc hiu ng crosstalk v cc hiu ng giao thoa c th khng xut hin trong th mt nhng n li ngn cn vic lin kt cc mc tn hiu (c th hiu y l cc mc in p c trng cho cc bit 0 v 1). V d lin kt c cc mc tn hiu th t l li bit l c 10-12, trong khi th th mt ch hin c tn hiu mc 10-5. S mt mt nhng bit gy ra s thiu ht v thng tin. C th khc phc vn bng nh iu cch. u tin l xy dng th mt bng cch o cc thng s v in p/thi gian vi mt m hnh c hiu sut ly mu ln hn. Gii php th 2 l s dng nhng mu bit trc tip t ng truyn, iu s trnh c iu kin l s gii hn lm vic ca thit b. 4.3 Cc tham s c trng cho mng GPON 4.3.1 Bc sng hng xung 1490 nm, hng ln 1310 nm
Hnh 4.6 Ph tn hiu tp trung bc sng 1490 nm
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Hnh 4.7 Ph tn hiu tp trung bc sng 1310nm Hnh 4.6 v Hnh 4.7 cho th y mt ph tp trung 2 tn s ng vi 2 bc sng tng ng l 1490 nm (hng xung) v 1310 nm (ng vi hng ln). 4.3.2 Phng thc iu ch NRZ 4.3.2.1 Chc nng c bn ca m ng dy: Mt vn quan trng trong x l tn hiu bng gc l tch tn hiu nh th i t tn hiu c chuyn ti. Tn hiu nh thi thng c tch t cc chuyn i cc tnh xung thnh ph n. Trong trng hp s dng cc tn hiu NRZ th vic tch cc tn hiu nh thi l rt kh khn v gi s tn hiu nh thi l bit 1 v bit tn hiu d liu cng lin tip sau l 1 r rng rt kh xc nh. khc phc iu ny, ngi ta m ha tn hiu nh phn n cc trc khi truyn trc tip trn ng dy. Cch thc m ha nh vy gi l m ha ng dy. Cc chc nn g ch yu ca m ha ng dy l: Chuyn ph tn hiu bng gc (tp trung ch yu ti min tn thp v ch a thnh phn mt chiu rt ln) ln min tn s cao hn lt vo bng thng ng dy truyn khng iu ch tn hiu bng gc i c xa hn.
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Tng mt chuyn i cc tnh ca tn hiu nhm h tr cho qu trnh ng b ng h pha thu.
C kh nng kim sot li (thng ch c kh nng pht hin li ch khng c kh nng sa).
4.3.2.2 Ti sao li dng iu ch NRZ ng truyn dn quang l loi ch truyn 2 trng thi sng v ti. Do cn phi dng m ch c 2 mc. Trong thng tin quang, ngi ta thng s dng loi m nh phn nBmB. M nh phn nBmB: Ngi ta coi mt chu k bit u vo l n bit v chu k bit u ra l m bit. Tn hiu nh phn thch hp vi vic truyn trn si quang hc vi bit 1 c quy nh l xung c nh sng cn bit 0 l xung khng c nh sng. khng kh khn trong vic khi phc nh thi do khng c chuyn i cc tnh xung ko di khi c chui bit (hiu l mt chui chu k bit) lin tip l 0 hoc 1, ngi ta s dng m nBmB. Gi s y ngi ta s dng m 5B6B. Trong 5 bit li vo sau m ha s c 6 bit li ra. 5 bit s to th nh mt nhm. Khi m ha th mt nhm bit s tng ng vi mt mc in p ca tn hiu NRZ. S t h p t m ca nhm 5 bit l 32, ca nhm 6 bit l 64. Tc l cn tha 32 bit nn ngi ta dng pht hin li. Ngo i ra, khi dng m 5B6B th tc bit tng ln 6/5 =1,2 ln. iu ny khng nh hng ng k i vi h thng quang (vn c xem l bng tn v hn). Vi h thng truyn dn hn ch, ni chung h thng ny khng m bo c hiu qu s dng knh. Di y chng ta s xem xt vic s dng cc loi iu ch ha knh s nh hng nh th no n t l li bit. S dng iu ch NRZ : iu ch NRZ lm cho cc tnh ca tn hiu khng thay i trong mt chu k bit. Hnh 4.8 ta thy rng ca th mt l kh ln. C th y, ta c th thy Min BER = 1.752e-13. Ngoi ra, th n y cn mang hnh dng c trng ca phng thc iu ch NRZ. Cc tnh ca tn hiu c gi nguyn trong m t chu k bit.
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Hnh 4.8 S dng iu ch NRZ S dng NZ:
Hnh 4.9 S dng iu ch RZ
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Theo th Hnh 4.9 ta nhn thy r c rng th mt l qu nh, cha t ti 20%. T l li bit l ln (= 1.552e-5) tc l c 10 -5. y l t l li bit qu ln v khng chp nhn c trong h thng thng tin quang, khi yu cu BER ch c 10 -9. Vy ti sao li nh vy? R rng l trong mt chu k bit, vi tn hiu RZ, cc tnh ca tn hiu b thay i mt ln, iu ny gy kh khn cho pha thu xc nh c cc tnh nht l vi tc m ha cng cao. Trong khi , vi m ha RZ, cc tnh ca tn hiu gi nguyn trong mt chu k bit. Do vic xc nh cc tnh d hn. iu gii thch ti sao trong h thng mng GPON ngi ta li s dng NRZ ch khng phi RZ. 4.4 M phng cc yu t nh hng n cht lng m ng GPON 4.4.1 S kt n i M hnh kt ni mng c m t Hnh 4.10. Trong s trn ta thy h thng mng FTTx theo chu n GPON c cc thnh ph n chnh l: Thit b u cui pha nh sn xut OLT. chnh l b ghp knh phn chia theo bc sng. y cc d liu c iu ch ln cc bc sng thuc ca s quang 1550 nm. Sau khi iu ch cc tn hiu s c a vo b ghp knh theo bc sng WDM. Circulator dng tch mt bc sng ra phn tch tn hiu trn ng truyn. Si quang n mode c chiu di l 20 km tnh t pha nh sn xut n ngi s dng. Cc thng s ca si quang: Splitter quang: v bn cht, splitter quang l mt b chia cng sut. C nhiu lo i splitter quang, c loi th cng sut cc ng u ra bng nhau nhng cng c lo i th cng sut u ra theo cc t l 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, 1:32 N cng l b chia bng thng. Gi s, tc hng xung l 1,244 Gbps, h s chia ca splitter l 1:16 th bng thng ti a dnh cho cc user hng xung s l 1,244 : 16 = 0,07775 Gbps hay l 77,5 Mbps.
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Hnh 4.10 S mng GPON
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Hnh 4.11 Cu trc ONU ONU l thit b u cui pha ngi s dng. N c chc nng l bin i tn hiu quang thnh tn hiu in. S lng ONU l 8. Cu trc bn trong ca ONU c c th nh Hnh 4.11 Ta c th thy trong s , ONU s gm 2 phn thu v pht. Phn thu gm c mt Photodetecor, mt b lc Bessel. Tn hiu khi n u vo ca ONU n s c Photodetector thu, qua b lc Besel n s lc ly nhng tn hiu c tn s thp ri qua b khi phc tn hiu v cui cng a vo b phn tch t l li bit BER. Phn pht gm mt b ghp knh quang WDM gm cc tham s c thit lp nh hnh v. Qua cc b dynamic Select (v bn cht n c chc nng nh l mt switch), tn hiu s c truyn i theo hng ln Ngoi ra cn c mt s thit b khc phn tch tn hiu nh my phn tch ph (Optical Spectrum Analyser), b ti to tn hiu (3R Generation), b hin th th i gian (Optical Time Domain Visualizer). 4.4.2 Cc tnh hung m phng 4.4.2.1 Cc thng s thit lp chung: Mng GPON Vi b chia 1:16 Pha pht: Phng thc m ha: NRZ Cng su t pht: - 3 dBm
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Tc bit: 1224.16Mbps Bc sng hng xung: 1490 nm rng mi knh: 10 MHz
Knh truy n: Si n mode Suy hao: 0,2 dB/km tn sc: 16,75 ps/nm/km
Pha thu: Phng thc m ha: NRZ Tc bit: 1224.16Mbps Bc sng hng ln: 1310 nm rng mi knh: 10 MHz Cng su t pht: - 3 dBm
4.4.2.2 nh hng ca kho ng cch Vi khong cch l 20km, th th mt, BER v Q nh sau:
Hnh 4.12 th mt, BER, Q khong cch 20km
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Khi khong cch cng ln th t l li bit cng ln. Theo tiu chun ca ITU T 984, khong cch truyn ti a trong mng GPON l 20km. Ta s th nghim vi 2 khong cch: 20 km v 10 km thy s khc bit. Trn th c t th CMCTI s dng khong cch truyn l 10 km. Nh Hnh 4.12 trn, ta c th thy khong cch 20km ta c cc thng s c b n nh : Max Q factor: 6.89129 Min BER: 2.74131e-012 Eye height: 3.50054e-006 Threshold: 4.17419e-006
Hnh 4.13 th BER min khong cch 20 km
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Hnh 4.14 th mc ngng khong cch 20 km T hnh v 4.12, 4.13, 4.14, ta thy rng trong mt chu k bit, ti sn ca tn hiu I bin thin nhanh nht, nn kh phn bit l mc trn hay mc di . Do
t l li bit khu vc ny l cao. Phn cn li t l li bit l kh xy ra. Nh ta thy trn hnh 4.13, BER min= 2.74131e-012 nm khu vc nh tn hiu. So snh 2 hnh 4.12 v 4.13 ta thy r rng khi BER min tng, th Q gim v ngc li. ng vi BER min= 2.74131e-012 th Max Q factor = 6.89129. iu ny hon ton ng vi cng thc (4.10). v = 4.17419e-006.
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Hnh 4.15 th mt, BER, Q factor khong cch 10 km Tng t nh trn, khong cch 10 km ta c cc thng s nh sau: Max Q factor: 10.4515 Min BER: 7.1845e-026 Eye height: 6.9262e-006 Threshold: 5.5553e-006 nh gi: Qua cc kt qu m phng trn ta thy rng, khong cch cng ngn th t l li bit cng gim. khong cch l 10 km, BER l 7.1845e-026 cn khong cch 20 km th BER l 2.74131e-012. R rng s chnh lch l kh ln. Ngoi ra, da vo 2 th trn ta cn c th thy c cc thng s nh Q factor 4.4.2.3 nh hng ca h s chia ca Splitter Theo tiu chu n ca ITU-T G984.4, h s chia ca splitter c th l 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, 1:32, 1:64. Trong m hnh m phng y, chng ta s th nghim vi 2 h s chia l h s chia 1:8 (Hnh 4.16 ) v 1:16 (Hnh 4.17) di y:
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Hnh 4.16 th mt khong cch 20 km, h s chia ca splitter l 1:8
Hnh 4.17 th mt vi h s chia l 1:16 Nh vy, khi h s chia cng nh th m ca th mt cng ln, h s Q max cng ln. Vi cng mt cng sut pht my pht v cng mt ngng thu
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my thu, khi suy hao ng truyn cng nh th cng sut thu cng ln. Cng sut thu cng ln hn ngng thu bao nhiu th cng tt by nhiu. Khi th t l li bit cng gim. Trn l thuyt th h s chia ti a trong mng GPON t mc l 1 :164. Tuy nhin trong phn mm m phng ta ch c th thy cht lng mng t mc 1 :64 vi tc l 622.08 Mbps. 4.4.2.4 nh hng ca tc bit Khi tc bit cng cao, th cng sut pht cng phi cao hn v b thu cng phi c b nhy thu cao hn. y, ta tng cng sut pht ln 3dBm (vn nm trong gii hn khuyn ngh ca ITU). Di y chng ta s xem xt cc tc c th thc hin c vi chun GPON. Bng 4.2 Cc tc download v upload c th trong mng GPON Tc down link(Mbps) Tc up link (Mbps) 1244.16 1244.16 1244.16 2448.32 2448.32 2448.32 2448.32 155.52 622.08 1244.16 155.52 622.08 1244.16 2448.32
Vi cc gi nh: tc download ln lt s l 622.08 Mbps v 1244.16 Mbps. Ta c cc kt qu nh Hnh 4.18 v Hnh 4.19.
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Hnh 4.18 th mt GPON 1:16 tc 1224.16MHz (down link)
Hnh 4.19 th mt GPON 1:16 tc 2448.32MHz (down link) 4.5 Kt lu n chng T nhng kt qu trn ta thy rng, c rt nhiu yu t nh hng n cht lng mng GPON. c th l khong cch truyn dn, h s chia splitter (y l c im c trng ca FTTx). Ngo i ra cn c mt s yu t nh hng khc nh tc bit Tuy nhin, trong chng trnh m phng chng ta ch xt n 2 yu t trn.
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CHNG 5 KT LUN V H NG PHT TRIN TI

Sau thi gian thc hin lun vn vi s hng dn v gip tn tnh ca Th y Bi Hu Ph, lun vn Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx hon thnh ng thi gian quy nh. Lu n vn trnh by chi tit v mng truy nhp quang FTTx cng vi cng ngh GPON- chu n mi nht c trin khai ti Vit Nam. a ra cc m hnh m ng truy nhp quang vi nhng u im vt tri v tc , bng thng cng nh cht lng. Ha hn s pht trin vt bc cho mng truy nhp, p ng nhu cu khch hng. Hin ti PON ang c trin khai rng ri nhiu nc trn th gii. Ti Vit Nam, nhng nh cung cp dch v nh Viettel, FPT, SPT, CMC TI cng ang y m nh pht trin PON da trn nhiu chu n khc nhau. Lun vn cng tp trung nghin cu qu trnh trin khai m ng FTTx d a trn cng ngh GPON ti CMC TI. ng th i em m phng h thng m ng FTTx theo chun GPON v s nh hng ca m t vi yu t ti cht lng m ng. Nhng kt qu m phng phn no phn nh c ch t lng ca mng FTTx. Hng pht trin tip theo ca em l nghin cu i su hn na v chun GPON ny theo hng: Ci thin ch t lng m ng quang ni chung v mng GPON ni ring bng cch s dng m Turbo code. Trong qu trnh truyn tn hiu quang, tc khong vi Gbps th hin tng tn sc gy ra nh hng rt ln n t l li bit. Ngi ta c th ci thin BER b ng cch s dng m ha knh nh m Turbo code.
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TI LIU THAM KHO [1] Gerd Keiser, PhotonicsComm Solutions, Inc, FTTX Concepts and Applications, Wiley Series in Telecommunications and Signal Processing Publication Date: January 2006 Wiley-IEEE Press [2] Paul E. Green Jr., Fiber to the Home: The New Empowerment John Wiley & Sons [3] Cedric F. Lam (Editor), Passive Optical Networks: Principles and Practice (Hardcover) [4] Glen Kramer, University of California, Davis Biswanath Mukherjee, University of California, Davis Ariel Maislos, Passave Networks, Israel, Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) [5] The FTTH Prism, Vol.5 No.2, February 2008, OFC/NFOEC 2008 Issue [6] Lucent Technologies, Bell Lab Innovations, FTTx in Europe: Technology Options and Economics [7] Jeroen Wellen, Lucent Technologies, Outlook: Next Generation FTTX Access Networks [8]. ITU G.984.3 (2004), Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Networks (GPON): Transmission convergence layer specification. [9]. ITU G.984.2 (2003), Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Networks (GPON): Physical Media Dependent (PMD) layer specification. [10]. Hong Vn Bnh, Nghin cu gii php quang th ng Gigabit ph hp vi yu cu mng VNPT. [11]. Nguyn Vit Hng, Hc Vin CNBCVT, Cng ngh truy nhp trong mng NGN. [12]. Quang Minh - Cng ngh v chun ha mng quang th ng . [13]. http://vntelecom.org/diendan/forum.php (truy cp ngy 27/04/2011) [14].http://www.diendantinhoc.vn (truy cp ngy 15/05/2011).
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I HC QUC GIA THNH PH H CH MINH TRNG I HC KHOA HC T NHIN KHOA IN T - VIN THNG

Nguyn Nh Hu MSSV: 0720095

NGHIN CU V M PHNG MNG TRUY NHP QUANG FTTX

Chuyn ngnh: Vin Thng v Mng

Thnh ph HCM Nm 2011

Nguyn Nh Hu MSSV: 0720095

NGHIN CU V M PHNG MNG TRUY NHP QUANG FTTX

CHUYN NGNH: VIN THNG V MNG

NGI HNG DN KHOA HC: 1. TS. Bi H u Ph

Thnh ph HCM Nm 2011

Sinh vin thc hin Nguyn Nh Hu

Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx

CHNG 1 TNG QUAN V MNG FTTx

Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx

Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx

Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx

Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx

Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx

Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx

Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx

Mi trng truyn tn Cp ng hiu n nh

D b suy hao do in t, Khng b nh hng thi tit, chiu di cp

Tc truyn dn (Upload v download )

Bt i xng : Download > Upload Tc ti a l 20 Mbps

Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx

Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx

Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx

Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx

Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx

CH NG 2 MNG QUANG TH NG VI CHUN GPON

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Hnh 2.2 M hnh mng quang th ng PON

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Hnh 2.4 Kin trc mng quang th ng

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Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx

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Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx

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Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx

Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx

Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx

Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx

Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx

1244.16 Mbit/s/622.08 Mbit/s, 2488.32 Mbit/s/155.52 Mbit/s, 2488.32 Mbit/s/1244.16 Mbit/s,

Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx

Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx

Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx

Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx

Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx

Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx

Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx

Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx

Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx

Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx

Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx

Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx

CH NG 3 TRIN KHAI M NG FTTX TI CMC TI

Nghin cu v m phng mng truy nhp quang FTTx