Chuyn bi dng HSG Ha

Nguyn nh Hnh Email: Dhanhcs09@yahoo.com.vn

TON V TAN V TINH TH HYRAT

I- KIN THC C BN: 1)Cng thc ton: mct S = 100 mH O
2

( gam/ 100g H2O)

C% 100 ( C% l nng % ca dung dch bo ha) 100 C% S C% = 100% ( C% l nng % ca dung dch bo ha) 100 + S 2) Bi ton xc nh lng kt tinh. S= * Khi lm lnh mt dung dch bo ha cht tan rn th tan thng gim xung, v vy c mt phn cht rn khng tan b tch ra ( gi l phn kt tinh): + Nu cht kt tinh khng ngm nc th lng nc trong hai dung dch bo ha bng nhau. + Nu cht rn kt tinh c ngm nc th lng nc trong dung dch sau t hn trong dung dch ban u: m H O (dd sau) = m H O (dd b) - mH O (KT)
2 2 2

* Cc bc gii ton: TH1: cht kt tinh khng ngm nc B1: Xc nh m ct v m H O c trong ddbh t0 cao.
2

TH 2: cht kt tinh ngm nc B1: Xc nh m ct v m H2O c trong ddbh t0 cao.

B2: Xc nh m ct c trong ddbh t0 thp ( lng B2: t s mol ca hirat b kt tinh l a (mol) mH O (KT) m ct (KT) va nc khng i) 2 S B : Lp phng trnh biu din tan ca dung dch 3 m ct = m 100 H2O sau ( theo n a) B3: Xc nh lng cht kt tinh: mct S = 100 m KT = m ct (nhie t o cao) m ct (nhie t o tha p) 2 m
H 2O

B4: Gii phng trnh v kt lun. * Phng php gii thng minh: C th gii c cc bi ton xc nh dng kt tinh bng phng php ng cho. Mun lm c iu ny chng ta phi t gi thit ngc. zy Rn (KT) m1 C% = x z% xz ddbh sau m2 C% = y m1 z y = Suy ra ta c : m2 x z Nu bit khi lng dung dch ban u th ta hon ton tnh c khi lng cht rn kt tinh ( d cht ny c ngm nc hay khng ngm nc) Ch : Mun xc nh kt ta (ca cht t tan) c tn ti hay khng th cn xt nng ca dung dch thu c n nng bo ha hay cha. Nu cha th kt ta khng tn ti, ngc li th kt ta tn ti.

Chuyn bi dng HSG Ha

Nguyn nh Hnh Email: Dhanhcs09@yahoo.com.vn

II- BI TP P DNG: 1) Lm lnh 600g ddbh NaCl t 900C 100C th c bao nhiu gam tinh th NaCl tch ra. Bit tan ca NaCl 900C v 100C ln lt l : 50gam ; 35 gam. Hng dn : * 900C c T = 50 gam nn ta c : 100gam H2O + 50g NaCl 150g ddbh ? ? 600g 600 50 i) = 600 200 = 400g ( khng i) = 200g m H2O (dung mo m NaCl (tan) = 150 * 100C c T = 35 g nn ta c : 100 gam H2O ho tan c 35 g NaCl 400g ? 400 35 = 140g m NaCl (tan) = 100 Khi lng NaCl kt tinh : 200 140 = 60 gam 2) tan ca CuSO4 850C v 120C ln lt l 87,7g v 35,5g . Khi lm lnh 1887 gam dung dch bo ho CuSO4 t 800C 120C th c bao nhiu gam tinh th CuSO4.5H2O tch ra khi dung dch. Hng dn : Lu v cht kt tinh ngm nc nn lng nc trong dung dch thay i 850C , TCuSO4 = 87,7 gam 187,7 gam ddbh c 87,7 gam CuSO4 + 100g H2O 1887g --------------- 887gam CuSO4 + 1000g H2O Gi x l s mol CuSO4.5H2O tch ra khi lng H2O tch ra : 90x (g) Khi lng CuSO4 tch ra : 160x( gam) 887 160x 35,5 = 120C, TCuSO4 = 35,5 nn ta c phng trnh : gii ra x = 4,08 mol 1000 90x 100 Khi lng CuSO4 .5H2O kt tinh : 250 4,08 =1020 gam 3) Cho 0,2 mol CuO tan hon ton trong H 2SO4 20% un nng, sau lm ngui dung dch n 10 0C. Tnh khi lng tinh th CuSO 4. 5H2O tch ra khi dung dch, bit rng tan ca CuSO 4 100C l 14,4 gam/100g H2O. ( S: 30,7 gam ) Hng dn : CuO + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2O 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 ( mol) 0, 2 98 100% Khi lng ddH2SO4 : = 98g 20 Khi lng CuSO4 to ra : 0,2 160 = 32 gam Gi x l s mol CuSO4.5H2O tch ra mdd (sau p ) = (0,2 80) + 98 250x ( gam) V tan ca CuSO4 100C l T = 14,4 gam , nn ta c : 32 160x 14, 4 = gii ra x = 0,1228 mol mCuSO4 .5H2O (KT) = 30, 7 gam 112 250x 114, 4 4) C 600 gam dung dch KClO3 bo ho ( 200C) nng 6,5% cho bay bt hi nc sau li gi hn hp 200C ta c mt hn hp c khi lng chung l 413gam. a) Tnh khi lng cht rn kt tinh b) Tnh khi lng nc v khi lng KClO3 trong dung dch cn li. Hng dn : lm bay hi bt nc mt dung dch bo ho v a v nhit ban u th lun c xut hin cht rn kt tinh t khi lng rn KT l : x(g) , gi lng dung dch sau khi bay hi l : y(g)

Chuyn bi dng HSG Ha x + y = 413 h pt : 6,5y x+ = 39 100 Bi tp tng t:

Nguyn nh Hnh Email: Dhanhcs09@yahoo.com.vn

gii h phng trnh tm c x= 13 v y =400

5) C 540 g ddbh AgNO3 100C, un nng dd n 600C th phi thm bao nhiu gam AgNO3 t bo ho. Bit tan AgNO3 100C v 600C ln lt l 170g v 525gam. 6 Xc nh lng kt tinh MgSO4.6H2O khi lm lnh 1642g ddbh t 800C xung 200C. Bit tan ca MgSO4 l 64,2 g ( 800C) v 44,5g (200C). 7) Cho bit nng dd bo ha KAl(SO4)2 200C l 5,56% a) Tnh tan ca KAl(SO4)2 200C b) Ly m gam dung dch bo ho KAl(SO 4)2 .12H2O 200C un nng bay hi 200g nc, phn cn li lm lnh n 200C . Tnh khi lng tinh th phn KAl(SO4)2 .12H2O kt tinh. 8) Cho bit tan ca CaSO 4 l 0,2 gam/100g nc nhit 20 0C v khi lng ring ca dung dch bo ho CaSO4 200C l D =1g/ml. Nu trn 50ml dung dch CaCl 2 0,012M vi 150ml dung dch Na2SO4 0,04M ( 200C) th c kt ta xut hin hay khng ? Hng dn : tnh nng ca CaSO4 trong dung dch thu c, nu b hn nng bo ho th khng c kt ta ( v ngc li) . Kt qu : khng c kt ta. 9) 120C c 1335gam dung dch bo ho CuSO 4 . un nng dung dch ln n 90 0C. Hi phi thm vo dung dch bao nhiu gam CuSO4 na c dung dch bo ho nhit ny. Bit tan CuSO4 120C v 900C ln lt l 33,5g v 80g (S: 465gam CuSO4 ) 10) Thm dn dung dch KOH 33,6% vo 40,3ml dung dch HNO 3 37,8% ( D = 1,24 g/ml) n khi trung ho hon ton th thu c dung dch A. a dung dch A v 0 0C th c dung dch B c nng 11,6% v khi lng mui tch ra l m (gam). Hy tnh m v cho bit dung dch B bo ho cha ? v sao ? S: m = 21,15 gam , dung dch bo ho v c m ( gam ) mui khng tan thm c na ----------------------------------

Trn y ch l mt phn nh trong t liu ca ti ! Ti cn nhiu t liu khc: 9 ch BT nh tnh bi dng HSG lp 9 L thuyt Ha hc THCS cn bn v nng cao 25 ch BT nh lng bi dng HSG lp 9 Gio n in t : Ha 8, Ha 9 Tuyn tp cc thi HSG ha 9 v chuyn ha 10 cc tnh v thnh ph Gio n Word : Ha 8, Ha 9 y v son rt chi tit. Sng kin kinh nghim : v phng php dy hc; bi dng HSG ; phng php vn dng sng to quy tc ng cho gii cc bi ton pha trn c xy ra phn ng. Ti liu bi dng GV dy Ha THCS ( ca B GD&T) Cc Files ng v hot ng l cao, sn xut vi B kim tra t 15 pht tr ln ( ngun TLBDTX) Cc bn lin lc vi ti qua a ch Email: Dhanhcs09@yahoo.com.vn liu trn. Xin thng cm v cc ti liu ny cha a vo th vin violet. c c mt trong cc ti