MC LC

CHNG I Ni dung nh lut v CC DNG TON C BN Dng 1: Bi ton: Cho mt kim loi (hoc hn hp cc kim loi) tc dng vi dung dch acid khng c tnh oxy ha mnh nh dung dch acid HCl, HBr, H2SO4 long, ... Gp dng ny cc em cn lu nhng vn sau y: Khi cho mt Kim loi hoc hn hp Kim loi tc dng vi hn hp axit HCl, H2SO4 long hoc hn hp cc a xit long (H+ ng vai tr l cht oxy ha) th to ra mui c s oxy ha thp v gii phng H2. 2M + 2nH + 2M n+ + nH 2 - Ch nhng kim loi ng trc H2 trong dy hot ng ha hc mi tc dng vi ion H+. Nh vy ta thy kim loi nhng i n.e v Hir thu v 2 .e Cng thc 1: Lin h gia s mol kim loi v s mol kh H2 2. nH = n . nkim loi
2

Hoc 2. nH = n1.nM1 +n2.nM2 +..... (i vi hn hp kim loi) Trong n :ho tr kim loi Cng thc 2: Tnh khi lng mui trong dung dch mmui = mkim loi + mgc acid ( mSO42 , mCl , m Br ... ) Trong , s mol gc acid c cho bi cng thc: ngc acid = etrao i : in tch ca gc acid Vi H2SO4: mmui = mkim loi + 96. n H 2
2

mmui = mkim loi + 71. n H Vi HBr: mmui = mkim loi + 160. n H 2 V d 1: Ho tan 7,8g hn hp bt Al v Mg trong dung dch HCl d. Sau phn ng khi lng dung dch axit tng thm 7,0g. Khi lng nhm v magie trong hn hp u l: A. 2,7g v 1,2g B. 5,4g v 2,4g C. 5,8g v 3,6g D. 1,2g v 2,4g p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c :mH2 = 7,8-7,0 =0,8 gam Mt khc theo cng thc 1 v theo ta c h phng trnh: (Khi tham gia phn ng nhm nhng 3 e, magie nhng 2 e v H2 thu v 2 e) 3.nAl + 2.nMg =2.nH2=2.0.8/2 (1) 27.nAl +24.nMg =7,8 (2) Gii phng trnh (1), (2) ta c nAl =0.2 mol v nMg = 0.1 mol T ta tnh c mAl =27.0,2 =5,4 gam v mMg =24.0,1 =2,4 gam chn p n B Vi HCl:
2

. V d 2: Cho 15,8 gam KMnO4 tc dng vi dung dch HCl m c. Th tch kh clo thu c iu kin tiu chun l: A. 5,6 lt. B. 0,56 lt. C. 0,28 lt. D. 2,8 lt. Theo cng thc 1 ta c :Mn+7 nhng 5 e (Mn+2),Cl- thu 2.e p dng nh lut bo ton e ta c :5.nKmnO4 =2.ncl2 t suy ra s mol clo bng 5/2 s mol KMnO4 =0.25 mol t suy ra th tch clo thu c ktc l:0,25 . 22,4 =0,56 lt V d 3. Ha tan hon ton 20g hn hp Mg v Fe vo dung dch axit HCl d thy c 11,2 lt kh thot ra ktc v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan? A. 55,5g. B. 91,0g. C. 90,0g. D. 71,0g.

p dng cng thc 2 ta c: mmui = m kim loi + mion to mui = 20 + 71.0,5=55.5g Chn p n A. V d 4. Ha tan 9,14g hp kim Cu, Mg, Al bng mt lng va dung dch HCl thu c 7,84 lt kh X (ktc) v 2,54g cht rn Y v dung dch Z. C cn dung dch Z thu c m(g) mui, m c gi tr l A. 31,45g. B. 33,25g. C. 3,99g. D. 35,58g. p dng cng thc 2 ta c: mmui = m kim loi + mion to mui = (9,14-2,54)+ 71.7,84/22,4 =31,45 g Chn p n A V d 5: Ha tan ht 7,74 gam hn hp bt Mg, Al bng 500ml dung dch hn hp HCl 1M v H 2SO4 0,28M thu c dung dch X v 8,736 lt kh H2 (ktc). C cn dung dch X thu c lng mui khan l: A. 38,93 g B. 25,95 g C. 103,85 g D.77,86 g Gii: Tng s mol H+ l: 0,5.(1+2.0,28)=0,78 mol S mol H2 l: 8,736:22,4 = 0,39 mol 2H+ + 2e H2 0,78 0,39 Lng H+ tham gia phn ng va . p dng cng thc 2 tnh khi lng mui: mmui = m2 kim loi +

mCl + m

SO4 2

= 7,74 + 1.0,5.35,5 + 0,28.0,5.96 =38,3 g Chn p n A. V d 6: Cho 24,6 gam hn hp Mg, Al, Fe phn ng ht vi dung dch HCl thu c 84,95 gam mui khan. Th tch H2 (ktc) thu c bng: A. 18,06 lt B. 19,04 lt C. 14,02 lt D. 17,22 lt Gii: T biu thc tnh khi lng mui: mmui = mkim loi + 71. n H
2

84,95 = 24,6 + 71.

VH 2

VH 2

22,4 84,95 24.6 = 22,4.( ) = 19,04 lt 71

Chn p n B. V d 7: Chia hn hp hai kim loi A, B c ha tr khng i thnh hai phn bng nhau. Phn 1 ha tan ht trong dung dch HCl, thu c 1,792 lt kh H 2 (ktc). Phn 2 nung trong oxy thu c 2,84 gam hn hp cc oxit. Khi lng hn hp hai kim loi trong hn hp u l: A. 1,56 gam B. 3,12 gam C. 2,2 gam D. 1,8 gam Gii: t cng thc chung ca hai kim loi A, B l M, c ha tr n. Phn 1: 2 M + 2nH + 2 M n+ + nH 2 Phn 2: 2M + nO2 M 2 On e (M nhng) = e (H+ nhn) e (M nhng) = e (O2 nhn) + e (H nhn) = e (O2 nhn) + 2 H + 2e H 2 O2 + 4e 2O 2 1,792 a 4a 0,16 22,4

4a = 0,16 a = 0,04 mol O2. Gi m l khi lng ca M trong mi phn. Ta c: m + 0,04.32 = 2,84 m = 1,56 gam
3

Vy, khi lng hn hp hai kim loi trong hn hp u l: 2.m = 2. 1,56 = 3,12 gam Chn p n B. V d 8: Ha tan ht 2,925 gam kim loi M trong dung dch HBr d, sau phn ng thu c 1,008 lt (ktc). Xc nh kim loi M. A. Fe B. Zn C. Al D. Mg n Gii: p dng cng thc 1: H = ha tr . nkim loi
2

1,008 2. 22,4

M = 32,5.n Chn n = 2, M = 65. Chn p n B.

2,925 .n M

(n l ha tr ca kim loi M)

V d 9: Cho m gam hn hp Mg v Al vo 250 ml dung dch X cha hn hp acid HCl 1M v H 2SO4 0,5M thu c 5,32 lt H2 (ktc) v dung dch Y (xem th tch dung dch l khng i). Dung dch Y c pH l: A.1 B.2 C. 7 D. 6 + Gii: tnh pH cn tnh s mol H cn li sau phn ng. Tng s mol H+ trc phn ng l: nH = nHCl + 2nH SO = 0,25.1 +2.0,25.0,5 = 0,5 mol + + Qu trnh kh H to H2: 2H + 2e H2
+ 2 4

0,475 mol
' s mol H+ phn ng l: nH + = 0,475 mol S mol H+ cn li l: 0,5 0,475 = 0,025 mol

5,32 22,4

mol

Nng H+ trong dung dch Y l: [H+]= 0,25 =0,1 M pH=-lg[H+]=-lg0,1=1. Chn p n A. V d 10: Ha tan 7,84 gam Fe vo 200 ml dung dch hn hp hai acid HCl 0,15M v H 2SO4 0,25M thy thot ra V lt kh H2 (ktc). Gi tr ca V l: A. 1,456 lt B. 0,45 lt C. 0,75 lt D. 0,55 lt 2+ Gii: S oxy ha st: Fe 2e Fe
7,84 56

0,025

0,28

(mol)

Tng s mol electron st nhng l:e (nhng) = 0,28 mol. Tng s mol H+ l: nH+ = 0,2.0,15+0,2.0,25.2=0,13 mol. S kh H+: 2H+ + 2e H2 0,13 0,13 0,065 Tng s mol H+ nhn l: : e (nhn) = 0,13 mol. Ta thy : e (nhng) > e (nhn) St d v H+ chuyn ht thnh H2. Vy th tch kh H2 (ktc) l: V=22,4.0,065=1,456 lt. Chn p n A. V d 11: Cho 5,1 gam hai kim loi Al v Mg tc dng vi HCl d thu c 5,6 lt kh H2 (ktc). Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca Al l: A. 52,94% B. 47,06% C. 32,94% D. 67,06% Gii: p nh lut bo ton electron: e (nhng) = e (nh n) theo ta thy Al nhng 3e , Mg nhng 2e v ra ta c h phng trnh 27.nAl +24.nMg =5.1 (1) 3.nAl +2.nMg =2.nH2 (2)
4

Gii h hai phng trnh (1) v (2), ta c nAl =nMg = 0,1 Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca nhm l:
% Al = 0,1.27 .100 = 52,94% 5,1

Chn p n A. Mt s bi tp tng t: 01. Cho 7,68 gam hn hp X gm Mg v Al vo 400 ml dung dch Y gm HCl 1M v H2SO4 0,5M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 8,512 lt kh (ktc). Bit trong dung dch, cc acid phn li hon ton thnh cc ion. Phn trm v khi lng ca Al trong X l: A. 25% B. 75% C. 56,25% D. 43,75% 02. Ho tan 7,8g hn hp bt Al v Mg trong dung dch HCl d. Sau phn ng khi lng dung dch axit tng thm 7,0g. Khi lng nhm v magie trong hn hp u l: A. 2,7g v 1,2g B. 5,4g v 2,4g C. 5,8g v 3,6g D. 1,2g v 2,4g 03. Cho 15,8 gam KMnO4 tc dng vi dung dch HCl m c. Th tch kh clo thu c iu kin tiu chun l: A. 5,6 lt. B. 0,56 lt. C. 0,28 lt. D. 2,8 lt. 04. Ha tan hon ton 20g hn hp Mg v Fe vo dung dch axit HCl d thy c 11,2 lt kh thot ra ktc v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan? A. 55,5g. B. 91,0g. C. 90,0g. D. 71,0g. 05. Ha tan 9,14g hp kim Cu, Mg, Al bng mt lng va dung dch HCl thu c 7,84 lt kh X (ktc) v 2,54g cht rn Y v dung dch Z. C cn dung dch Z thu c m(g) mui, m c gi tr l A. 31,45g. B. 33,25g. C. 3,99g. D. 35,58g. 06. Cho 11,3 gam hn hp Mg v Zn tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 2M d th thu c 6,72 lt kh (ktc). C cn dung dch thu c sau phn ng thu c khi lng mui khan l: A. 40,1g B. 41,1g C. 41,2g D. 14,2g 07. Cho 40 gam hn hp vng, bc, ng, st, km tc dng vi O2 d nung nng thu c m gam hn hp X. Cho hn hp X ny tc dng va dung dch HCl cn 400 ml dung dch HCl 2M (khng c H2 bay ra). Tnh khi lng m. A. 46,4 gam B. 44,6 gam C. 52,8 gam D. 58,2 gam 08. Cho m gam Fe tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long to 1,792 lt kh ( ktc). Cng cho m gam Fe tc dng vi HNO3 long th thy thot ra V lt kh (ktc) kh N2O. Gi tr V l: A. 0,672 lt B, 1.344 lt C. 4,032 lt D. 3,36 lt 09. Ho tan 1,92 gam kim loi M ( ha tr n ) vo dung dch HCl v H2SO4 long va thu c 1,792 lt kh H2. Kim loi M l: A. Fe B. Cu C. Zn D. Mg 10. Cho 5,1 gam hn hp hai kim loai Al va Mg tac dung vi dung dich HCl d thu c 5,6 lt H2 (ktc). Tinh thanh phn % theo khi lng cua Al trong hn hp u l: A. 52,94% B. 32,94% C. 50% D. 60% Dng 2: Bi ton: Cho mt kim loi (hoc hn hp cc kim loi) tc dng vi dung dch acid HNO 3 long, dung dch acid HNO3 c nng cho ra hn hp kh hp cht ca nit nh NO 2, NO, N2O, N2,hoc NH3 (tn ti dng mui NH4NO3 trong dung dch). Khi gp bi tp dng ny cn lu : - Kim loi c nhiu s oxy ha khc nhau khi phn ng vi dung dch acid HNO3 long, dung dch acid HNO3 c nng s t s oxy ha cao nht . - Hu ht cc kim loi phn ng c vi HNO3 c nng (tr Pt, Au) v HNO3 c ngui (tr Pt, Au, Fe, Al, Cr), khi N+5 trong HNO3 b kh v cc mc oxy ha thp hn trong nhng hn cht kh tng ng.

 Cc kim loi tc dng vi ion NO3 trong mi trng axit H+ xem nh tc dng vi HNO3. Cc kim loi Zn, Al tc dng vi ion NO3 trong mi trng kim OH- gii phng NH3. p dng nh lut bo ton eledtron, ta ghi cc bn phn ng (theo phng php thng bng in t hoc phng php ion-electron). Gi ni, xi l ha tr cao nht v s mol ca kim loi th i; n j l s oxy ha ca N trong hp cht kh th j v xj l s mol tng ng. Ta c: Lin h gia s mol kim loi v sn phm kh: ni.xi = nj.xj

Lin h gia HNO3 v sn phm kh: nHNO3 = 2.nN 2 + 2(5 0).n N 2 Vi N2: nHNO3 = 2.n N 2O + 2.(5 1).n N 2O Vi N2O: Vi NO: Vi NO2:
nHNO3 = nNO + (5 2).nNO

nHNO3 = nNO2 + (5 4).nNO2

3 4 3 4 3

nHNO = 2.n NH NO + (5 + 3).n NH NO Vi NH4NO3: Lin h gia ion NO v sn phm kh (khng c sn phm kh NH4NO3 ) Tng s mol NO- =10.nN2 + 8.nN2O +3.nNO +1.nNO2 Tnh khi lng mui trong dung dch: mmui= mkim loi+ mNO3 = mkim loi+ 62.e (trao i) Bai toan hn hp kim loai tan ht trong HNO3 hoc H2SO4 khng to mui amoni NH4NO3 Cn chu y: - HNO3 , H2SO4 c ngui khng tac dung vi Al, Fe, Cr - S dung phng phap bao toan e:
- Khi lng mui NO3 : (manion to mui = manion ban u manion to kh) (II)

enhn (kimlo i) = echo (cht kh)

m = mkimlo i + nNO (trong mui) mui 3 n = n (trong mui kimlo i ) etrao i NO3 mmui = mkimlo i + nSO2 (trong mui) 4 2- - Khi lng mui SO 4 : 2*nSO2 (trong mui kimlo i ) = ne trao i 4 - Cn nh mt s cc bn phn ng sau: 2H+ + 2e H2 NO3- + e + 2H+ NO2 + H2O SO42 + 2e + 4H+ SO2 + 2H2O NO3- + 3e + 4H+ NO + 2H2O SO42 + 6e + 8H+ S + 4H2O 2NO3- + 8e + 10H+ N2O + 5H2O 2 + SO4 + 8e + 10H H2S + 4H2O 2NO3- + 10e + 12H+ N2 + 6H2O + NO3 + 8e + 10H NH4+ + 3H2O
V d 1 Cho 1,86 g hn hp Mg v Al vo dung dch HNO3 long d sau phn ng thu c 560 ml N2O ( ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht . Tnh % v khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u. Theo bi ta thy khi tham gia phn ng Mg nhng 2.e ,Al nhng 3.e v NO3- (+5e) thu 4.2.e N2O(+1) p dng nh lut bo ton e v bi ta c h phng trnh 24.nMg +27.nAl =1,86 (1) 2.nMg + 3.nAl=8.n N2O=8.0,025 =0,2(2) Gii h phng trnh ta c nMg =0,01 v nAl =0,06 t suy ra m Al =27.0,06 =1,62 gam V mMg =0,24 gam => %Al =1,62/1,86*100% =87,10 % v % Mg =12,90 % V d 2:Cho 1,35g X gm Cu, Mg, Al tc dng ht vi HNO3 thu c 0,01 mol NO v 0,04 mol NO2. Tnh khi lng mui.
6

A. 5,69 gam B.4,45 gam C. 5,5 gam D. 6,0 gamP dng (II)Khi lng mui NO3 : (manion to mui = manion ban u manion to kh)

m = mkimlo i + nNO (trong mui) mui 3 n (trong mui kimlo i ) = netrao i NO3
Nhng e: Cu Cu + 2e nCu nCu 2.nCu Thu e:
+5 2+

Mg Mg + 2e nMg nMg 2.nMg

+2 +5

2+

Al Al + 3e nAl nAl 3.nAl

+4

3+

N + 3e N (NO) N + 1e N (NO2) 0,03 0,01 0,04 0,04 p dng s bo ton electron, ta c: 2nCu + 2.nMg + 3.nAl = 0,03 + 0,04 = 0,07 v 0,07 cng chnh l s mol NO3 . Khi lng mui nitrat l: 1,35 + 620,07 = 5,69 gam. p n C V d 3:Ha tan hon ton 11,9 g hn hp gm Al v Zn bng H2SO4 c nng thu c7,616 lt SO2 (ktc), 0,64 g S v dung dch X. Khi lng mui trong dung dch X l: A. 50,3 g B. 30,5 g C. 35,0 g D. 30,05 gmmui = mkimlo i + nSO2 (trong mui) 4 2- p dnh Khi lng mui SO 4 : 2*nSO2 (trong mui kimlo i ) = ne trao i 4 V d 4. Ha tan 18,5 g hn hp X gm Fe, Cu bng dung dch HNO3 d thu c 6,72 lt (ktc) hn hp kh B gm NO v NO2 c khi lng 12,2 g. Khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra l: A. 45,9 g B. 49,5 g C. 59,4 g D. 95,4 g V d 5: (Cu 19 - M 182 - Khi A - TSH - 2007) Ha tan hon ton 12 gam hn hp Fe, Cu (t l mol 1:1) bng axit HNO 3, thu c V lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X (gm NO v NO2) v dung dch Y (ch cha hai mui v axit d). T khi ca X i vi H2 bng 19. Gi tr ca V l A. 2,24 lt. B. 4,48 lt. C. 5,60 lt. D. 3,36 lt. Gii: t nFe = nCu = a mol 56a + 64a = 12 a = 0,1 mol. Qu trnh oxy ha kim loi: Fe Fe3+ + 3e Cu Cu2+ + 2e 0,1 0,3 0,1 0,2 Qu trnh kh N+5: N+5 + 3e N+2 N+5 + 1e N+4 3x x y y p dng nh lut bo ton electron 3x + y = 0,5 Mt khc: Do t khi ca hn hp X vi H2 l 19 30x + 46y = 192(x + y). x = 0,125 ; y = 0,125. Vhh kh (ktc) = 0,125222,4 = 5,6 lt. Chn p n C. V d 7: Hn hp X gm hai kim loi A v B ng trc H trong dy in ha v c ha tr khng i trong cc hp cht. Chia m gam X thnh hai phn bng nhau: - Phn 1: Ha tan hon ton trong dung dch cha axit HCl v H2SO4 long to ra 3,36 lt kh H2.
7

- Phn 2: Tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO3 thu c V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Bit cc th tch kh o iu kin tiu chun. Gi tr ca V l: A. 2,24 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 6,72 lt. Gii: t hai kim loi A, B l M. n - Phn 1: M + nH+ Mn+ + H 2 (1) 2 - Phn 2: 3M + 4nH+ + nNO3 3Mn+ + nNO + 2nH2O (2) Theo (1): S mol e ca M cho bng s mol e ca 2H+ nhn; Theo (2): S mol e ca M cho bng s mol e ca N+5 nhn. Vy s mol e nhn ca 2H+ bng s mol e nhn ca N+5. 2H+ + 2e H2 v N+5 + 3e N+2 0,3 0,15 mol 0,3 0,1 mol VNO = 0,122,4 = 2,24 lt. Chn p n A. V d 8: Cho 3 kim loi Al, Fe, Cu vo 2 lt dung dch HNO 3 phn ng va thu c 1,792 lt kh X (ktc) gm N2 v NO2 c t khi hi so vi He bng 9,25. Nng mol/lt HNO3 trong dung dch u l: A. 0,28M. B. 1,4M. C. 1,7M. D. 1,2M. M N 2 + M NO2 Gii: Ta c: M X = 9,25 4 = 37 = 2 l trung bnh cng khi lng phn t ca hai kh N2 v NO2 nn: n n N 2 = n NO2 = X = 0,04 mol 2 v 2NO3 + 12H+ + 10e N2 + 6H2O 0,48 0,4 0,04 (mol) + NO3 + 2H + 1e NO2 + H2O 0,08 0,04 0,04 (mol) nHNO = nH = 0,48 + 0,08 = 0,56 (mol) 0,56 = 0,28M. Chn p n A. [ HNO3 ] = 2 V d 9 Th tch dung dch HNO3 1M (long) t nht cn dng ho tan hon ton 18 gam hn hp gm Fe v Cu trn theo t l mol 1 : 1 l: (bit phn ng to cht kh duy nht l NO): A.1,0 lt B. 0,6 lt C. 0,8 lt D. 1,2 lt Gii: Gi nFe = nCu = a mol 56a + 64a = 18 a = nFe = nFe = 0,15 mol. - Do th tch dung dch HNO3 cn dng t nht, nn st s b ha tan ht bi HNO3 va to mui Fe3+, Cu tc dng va vi Fe3+ to mui Cu2+ v Fe2+. Sau phn ng ch thu c hai mui Cu(NO3)2 v Fe(NO3)2. Fe - 2e Fe2+ 0,15 0,3 Cu - 2e Cu2+ 0,15 0,3 e (nhng) = 2.(0,15 + 0,15) = 0,6 mol . NO3- + 4H+ + 3e NO + 2H2O 4a 3a e (nhn) = 3a mol - Theo nh lut bo ton electron: 3a = 0,6 a = 0,2 n HNO3 = nH + = 4a = 4.0,2 = 0,8 mol

[HNO3] =

0,8 =0,8 lt. Chn p n C. 1

Mt s bi tp tng t:
8

01. Ho tan hon ton m gam Al vo dung dch HNO3 rt long th thu c hn hp gm 0,015 mol kh N2O v 0,01mol kh NO (phn ng khng to NH4NO3). Gi tr ca m l: A. 13,5 gam. B. 1,35 gam. C. 0,81 gam. D. 8,1 gam. 02. Ha tan hon ton 1,2g kim loi X vo dung dch HNO3 d thu c 0,224 lt kh N2 (ktc). Gi thit phn ng ch to ra kh N2. Vy X l: A. Zn B. Cu C. Mg D. Al 03. Mt hn hp gm hai bt kim loi Mg v Al c chia thnh hai phn bng nhau: - Phn 1: cho tc dng vi HCl d thu c 3,36 lt H2. - Phn 2: ho tan ht trong HNO3 long d thu c V lt mt kh khng mu, ho nu trong khng kh (cc th tch kh u o ktc). Gi tr ca V l: A. 2,24 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 4,48 lt. D. 5,6 lt. 04. ( tuyn sinh H-C khi A-2007) Hon tan hon ton 12 g hn hp Fe, Cu ( t l mol 1: 1) bng HNO3 thu c V lt hn hp kh ( ktc) gm NO, NO2 v dung dch Y cha 2 mui v axit d. T khi ca X so vi H2 l 19. Gi tr V l: A. 5,6 B. 2,8 C. 11,2 D. 8,4 05. Cho 1,35 gam hn hp Cu, Mg, Al tc dng vi HNO3 d c 896 ml hn hp gm NO v NO2 c M = 42 . Tnh tng khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra (kh ktc). A. 9,41 gam. B. 10,08 gam. C. 5,07 gam. D. 8,15 gam. 06. Ha tan ht 4,43 gam hn hp Al v Mg trong HNO3 long thu c dung dch A v 1,568 lt (ktc) hn hp hai kh (u khng mu) c khi lng 2,59 gam trong c mt kh b ha thnh mu nu trong khng kh. Tnh s mol HNO3 phn ng. A. 0,51 mol. A. 0,45 mol. C. 0,55 mol. D. 0,49 mol. 07. Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp gm ba kim loi bng dung dch HNO3 thu c 1,12 lt hn hp kh D (ktc) gm NO2 v NO. T khi hi ca D so vi hiro bng 18,2. Tnh th tch ti thiu dung dch HNO3 37,8% (d = 1,242g/ml) cn dng. A. 20,18 ml. B. 11,12 ml. C. 21,47 ml. D. 36,7 ml. 08. Ha tan 6,25 gam hn hp Zn v Al vo 275 ml dung dch HNO3 thu c dung dch A, cht rn B gm cc kim loi cha tan ht cn nng 2,516 gam v 1,12 lt hn hp kh D ( ktc) gm NO v NO2. T khi ca hn hp D so vi H2 l 16,75. Tnh nng mol/l ca HNO3 v tnh khi lng mui khan thu c khi c cn dung dch sau phn ng. A. 0,65M v 11,794 gam. B. 0,65M v 12,35 gam. C. 0,75M v 11,794 gam. D. 0,55M v 12.35 gam. 09. Ha tan hon ton 9,4 gam ng bch (hp kim Cu Ni ) vo dun dch HNO3 long d. Khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 0,09 mol NO v 0,003 mol N2. Phn trm khi lng Cu trong hn hp l: A. 74, 89% B. 69.04% C. 27.23% D. 25.11% 10. Ha tan ht 35,4 g hn kim loi Ag v Cu trong dung dch HNO3 long d thu c 5,6 lt kh duy nht khng mu ha nu trong khng kh. Khi lng Ag trong hn hp. A. 16,2 g B. 19,2 g C. 32,4 g D. 35,4g 11. Ho tan Fe trong ung dch HNO3 d thy sinh ra hn hp kh cha 0,03 mol NO2 v 0,02 mol NO. Khi lng Fe b tan: A. 0,56g B. 1,12 g C. 1,68g D. 2,24g 12. Cho 11g hn hp Fe, Al tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long thu c 0,3 mol kh NO. Tnh % khi lng Al. A. 49,1g B. 50,9g C.36,2g D. 63,8g 13. Cho 18,5 gam hn hp Z gm Fe v Fe3O4 tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch HNO3 long un nng v khuy u. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 2,24 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc) dung dch X v cn li 1,46 gam kim loi. Nng mol/ lt ca dung dch HNO3 l: A. 3,5 M B. 2,5 M C. 3,2 M D. 2,4 M 14. Cho m gam Cu phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 thu c 8,96 lt hn hp kh NO v NO2 (ktc) c khi lng l 15,2 gam. Gi tr m l: A. 25,6 B. 16 C. 2,56 D. 8 15. Ho tan hon ton 32 gam kim loi M trong dung dch HNO3 d thu c 8,96 lt

(ktc) hn hp kh gm NO2 v NO, c t khi so H2 bng 17. Kim loi M l: A. Cu B. Zn C. Fe D. Ca 16. Mt hn hp gm 2 kim loi Mg v Al c chia lm 2 phn bng nhau. - Phn 1: Cho tc dng vi HCl d thu c 3,36 lt kh H2 ( ktc). - Phn 2: Hon tan ht trong HNO3 long d thu c V lt kh khng mu ha nu trong khng kh ( cc th tch kh o cng iu kin ). Gi tr ca V: A. 2,24 lt B. 11,2 lt C. 22,4 lt D. Kt qu khc 17. Cho 13,5 gam Al tc dng va vi dung dch HNO3 thy thot ra mt hn hp kh gm NO v N2O c t khi so vi H2 l 19,2. S mol NO trong hn hp l: A. 0,05 B. 0,1 C. 0,15 D. 0,2 18. Nung n hon ton 0,05 mol FeCO3 trong bnh kn cha 0,01 mol O2 thu c cht rn A. ha tan A bng dung dch HNO3 (c, nng) th s mol HNO3 ti thiu l: A. 0,14 B. 0,25 C. 0,16 D. 0,18. 19. Cho 2,16 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 d. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 0,896 lt kh NO (ktc) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui khan thu c kh c cn dung dch X l: A. 8,88 g B. 13,92 g C. 6,52 g D. 13,32 g 20. Ha tan ht 0,02 mol Al v 0,03 mol Ag vo dung dch HNO3 d ri c cn v nung nng n khi lng khng i th thu c cht rn nng: A. 4,26g B. 4,5g C. 3,78g D. 7,38g 21. Ly 0,1 mol Cu tc dng vi 500 ml dung dch KNO3 0,2M v HCl 0,4M thu c bao nhiu lt kh NO (ktc). A. 2,24 B. 1,12 C. 3,36 D. 8,96 22. Ha tan 3,06 g MxOy (ha tr ca M khng i) trong ung dch HNO3 d thu c 5,22g mui. Khi lng mol ca MxOy. A. 153 B. 40 C. 160 D. 232 23. Ha tan hon ton 3,28g hn hp Fe v R c ha tr II bng dung dch HCl d c 2,464 lt H2 (ktc). Cng lng hn hp kim loi trn tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long thu c 1,792 lt kh NO (ktc). Kim loi R l: A. Al B. Mg C. Cu D. Zn 24. 2,8 gam bt Fe ngoi khng kh mt thi gian thy khi lng tng ln 3,44 gam. Tnh phn trm Fe phn ng. Gi s phn ng ch to nn Fe3O4. A. 48.8% B. 60% C. 81.4 % D. 99.9% 25. Ha tan ht 0,1 mol Zn vo 100 ml dung dch HNO3 nng a M th khng thy kh thot ra. Tnh gi tr a ca HNO3. A. 0,25 M B. 1,25 M C. 2,25 M D. 2,5M 26. Cho 0,8 mol Al tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 thu c 0,3 mol kh X ( khng c sn phm khc). Kh X l: A. NO2 B. NO C. N2O D. N2 27. Hon tan 7,68 gam kim loi M ( ha tr n ) vo dung dch HNO3 va thu c 1,792 lt kh NO. Kim loi M l: A. Fe B. Cu C. Zn D. Al Dng 3: Bi ton: Cho mt kim loi (hoc hn hp cc kim loi) tc dng vi mt dung dch acid acid H 2SO4 c nng cho sn phm l kh SO2 (kh mi sc), S (kt ta mu vng), hoc kh H2S (kh mi trng thi). Khi gp bi tp dng ny cn lu : - Kim loi c nhiu s oxy ha khc nhau khi phn ng vi dung dch acid H2SO4 c nng s t s oxy ha cao nht. - Hu ht cc kim loi phn ng c vi H2SO4 c nng (tr Pt, Au) khi S+6 trong H2SO4 c nng b kh v cc mc oxy ha thp hn trong nhng sn phm nh l kh SO2, H2S hoc S. - Mt s kim loi nh Al, Fe, Cr, th ng trong H2SO4 c ngui. p dng nh lut bo ton electron, ta ghi cc bn phn ng (theo phng php thng bng in t hoc phng php ion-electron). Gi ni, xi l ha tr cao nht v s mol ca kim loi th i; n j l s oxy ha ca S trong sn phm kh th j v xj l s mol tng ng. Ta c: Lin h gia s mol kim loi v sn phm kh:

10

 ni.xi = nj.xj Lin h gia H2SO4 v sn phm kh:

nH 2 SO4 = s mol sn phm kh +
1 s mol electron nhn 2 1 (6 4).nSO2 2

Vi SO2: Vi S: Vi H2S:

nH 2 SO4 = nSO2 + nH 2 SO4 = nS + nH 2 SO4 = nH 2 S

1 (6 0).nS 2 1 + (6 + 2).nH 2 S 2

Tnh khi lng mui trong dung dch:

1 mmui = mkim loi+ mSO42 = mkim loi+ 96. e (trao i) 2

V d 1: Ha tan ht 29,6 gam hn hp X gm Fe, Mg, Cu theo t l mol 1:2:3 bng H2SO4 c ngui c dung dch Y v 3,36 lt SO2 (ktc). C cn dung dch Y c khi lng mui khan l: A. 38,4 gam B. 21,2 gam C. 43,4 gam D. 36,5 gam Gii: Gi x l s mol Fe trong hn hp X, nMg = 2x, nCu=3x. 56x+24.2x+64.3x=29,6 x= 0,1 mol. nFe = 0,1 mol, nMg=0,2 mol, nCu=0,3 mol Do acid H2SO4 c ngui, nn st khng phn ng. SO42+ 2e S+4 0,3 22,4
2
3,36

1 Theo biu thc: mmui=mCu +mMg + mSO42 = mCu +mMg + 96. e (trao i) 1 =64.0,3+24.0,2 +96. 0,3 = 38,4 gam. 2

Chn p n A. V d 2: Ha tan 0,1 mol Al v 0,2 mol Cu trong dung dch H 2SO4 c d thu c V lt SO2 ( 00C, 1 atm). Gi tr ca V l: A. 3,36 B. 4,48 C. 7,84 D. 5,6 0 Gii: 0 C, 1 atm l iu kin tiu chun. p dng nh lut bo ton electron: 2.nCu+3.nAl=(6-4).n so2 2.0,1+3.0,2=(6-4).n so2 n so2 = 0,35 mol Chn p n A. V so2 =0,35.22,4=7,84 lt.

V d 3: Ha tan va hn hp X 10,08 lt SO2 duy nht. Nng % ca dung dch H2SO4 l: A. 82,89% B. 89,2% C. 7,84% D. 95,2% Gii: p dng nh lut bo ton electron:
nH 2 SO4 = 1 10,08 .(6 4).nSO2 + nSO2 = 2nSO2 = 2. = 0,9 mol 2 22.4

C% =

macid m 0,9.98 .100 = acid .100 = .100 = 82,89% . Chn p n A. mdd D.V 1,52.70

V d 4: Cho 5,94g Al tc dng va vi dung dch H2SO4 c nng thu c 1,848 lt sn phm ( X ) c lu hunh ( ktc), mui sunfat v nc. Cho bit ( X ) l kh g trong hai kh SO2, H2S ? A. H2S B. SO2 C. C hai kh D. S Gii: nAl = 5,94 : 27 = 0,22 mol nX = 1,848 : 22,4 = 0,0825 mol Qu trnh oxy ha Al : Al 3e Al3+
11

0,22 0,66 ne (cho) = 0,22.3 = 0,66 mol 6+ Qu trnh kh S : S+6 + ( 6-x )e Sx 0,0825(6-x) 0,0825 ne (nhn) = 0,0825(6-x) mol ( x l s oxy ha ca S trong kh X ) p dng nh lut bo ton electron, ta c : 0,0825(6-x) = 0,66 x = -2 Vy X l H2S ( trong S c s oxy ha l -2). Chn p n A. V d 5: Ho tan ht 16,3 gam hn hp kim loi gm Mg, Al v Fe trong dung dch H 2SO4 c, nng thu c 0,55 mol SO2. C cn dung dch sau phn ng, khi lng cht rn khan thu c l: A. 51,8 gam B. 55,2 gam C. 69,1 gam D. 82,9 gam Gii: S dng phng php bo ton electron vi cht kh l cc kim loi Mg, Al, Fe, cht oxy ho H2SO4. S+6 + 2e S+4 0,55.2 0,55 Khi lng mui khan l:
2 1 =16,3 + 96. .0,55.2 = 69,1 gam . Chn p n C. 2 1 mmui=mkim loi+ mSO42 = mkim loi+ 96. e (trao i)

Mt s bi tp tng t: 01. Hoa tan 2,4 g hn hp Cu va Fe co ty l s mol 1:1 vao dung dich H2SO4 c, nong. Kt thuc phan ng thu c 0,05 mol mt san phm kh duy nht co cha lu huynh. Xac inh san phm o: A. SO2 B. H2S C. S D. H2 02. Thi mt lung CO qua hn hp Fe va Fe2O3 nung nong c cht khi B va hn hp D gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4. Cho B li qua dung dich nc vi trong d thy tao 6 gam kt tua. Hoa tan D bng H2SO4 c, nong thy tao ra 0,18 mol SO2 con dung dich E. C can E thu c 24g mui khan. Xac inh thanh phn % ca Fe: A. 58,33% B. 41,67% C. 50% D. 40% 03. Cho 8,3 gam hn hp hai kim loai Al va Fe tac dung vi dung dich H2SO4 c d thu c 6,72 lit khi SO2 (ktc). Khi lng cua mi kim loai trong hn hp ban u: A. 2,7g; 5,6g B. 5,4g; 4,8g C. 9,8g; 3,6g D. 1,35g; 2,4g 04. a gam bt st ngoai khng khi, sau mt thi gian se chuyn thanh hn hp A co khi lng 75,2 gam gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4. Cho hn hp A phan ng ht vi dung dich H2SO4 m c, nong thu c 6,72 lit khi SO2( ktc). Khi lng a gam la: A. 56g B. 11,2g C. 22,4g D. 25,3g 05. Khi cho 9,6gam Mg tac dung ht vi dung dich H2SO4 m c thy co 49gam H2SO4 tham gia phan ng tao mui MgSO4, H2O va san phm kh X. X la: A. SO2 B. S C. H2S D. SO2,H2S 06. Hoa tan ht 16,3 gam hn hp kim loai gm Mg, Al va Fe trong dung dich H2SO4 c, nong thu c 0,55 mol SO2. C can dung dich sau phan ng, khi lng cht rn khan thu c la: A. 51,8g B. 55,2g C. 69,1g D. 82,9g 07. Ha tan hon ton 4,0 gam hn hp Mg, Fe, Cu bng dung dch H2SO4 c nng d, thu c 2,24 lt kh SO2 duy nht (ktc) v dung dch cha m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l: A. 23,2. B. 13,6. C. 12,8. D. 14,4. 08. Cho 0,01 mol mt hp cht ca st tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 c nng d, thot ra 0,112 lt kh (ktc) kh SO2 (l sn phm kh duy nht). Cng thc ca hp cht l: A. FeCO3. B. FeS2. C. FeS.D. FeO. 09. Ha tan 23,4 gam hn hp gm Al, Fe, Cu bng mt lng vu dung dch H2SO4, thu c 15,12 lt kh SO2 (ktc) v dung dch cha m gam mui. Gi tr ca m l: A. 153,0. B. 95,8. C. 88,2. D. 75,8. 09. Ha tan hon ton 9,6 gam mt kim loi M trong dung dch H2SO4 c nng thot ra 3,36 lt kh SO2 (ktc). Kim loi M l:

12

A. Mg. B. Al. C. Fe. D. Cu. 10. Cho 1,44g hn hp gm kim loi M v oxit ca n MO, c s mol bng nhau, tc dng ht vi H2SO4 c, un nng. Th tch kh SO2 (ktc) thu c l 0,224 lt. Cho bit rng ho tr ln nht ca M l II. Kim loi M l: A. Cu B. Fe C. Al D. Zn Dng 4: Bi ton: Cho mt kim loi (hoc hn hp cc kim loi) tc dng vi mt dung dch hn hp cc acid nh dung dch hn hp acid HNO3 long, acid HNO3 c nng, dung dch acid H2SO4 c nng, ...cho ra hn hp cc kh ... Cc lu v cch gii ging vi dng 2 v dng 3. V d 1: Ha tan 15 gam hn hp X gm hai kim loi Mg v Al vo dung dch Y gm HNO 3 v H2SO4 c thu c 0,1 mol mi kh SO2, NO, NO2, N2O. Phn trm khi lng ca Al v Mg trong X ln lt l: A. 63% v 37%. B. 36% v 64%. C. 50% v 50%. D. 46% v 54%. Gii: theo Ta c: 24 nMg x + 27nAl= 15. (1) Qu trnh oxy ha: Mg Mg2+ + 2e Al Al3+ + 3e nMg 2.nMg nAl 3.nAl Tng s mol e nhng bng (2.nMg + 3.nAl). Qu trnh kh: N+5 + 3e N+2 2N+5 + 2 4e 2N+1 0,3 0,1 0,8 0,2 +5 +4 +6 +4 N + 1e N S + 2e S 0,1 0,1 0,2 0,1 Tng s mol e nhn bng 1,4 mol. Theo nh lut bo ton electron: 2.nMg+ 3.nAl = 1,4 (2) Gii h (1), (2) ta c: nMg = 0,4 mol ; nAl = 0,2 mol. 27 0,2 %Al = 100% = 36%. 15 %Mg = 100% 36% = 64%. p n B. V d 2: Mt hn hp X c khi lng 18,2g gm 2 Kim loi A (ha tr 2) v B (ha tr 3). Ha tan X hon ton trong dung dch Y cha H2SO4 v HNO3. Cho ra hn hp kh Z gm 2 kh SO 2 v N2O. Xc nh 2 kim loi A, B (B ch co th l Al hay Fe). Bit s mol ca hai kim loi bng nhau v s mol 2 kh SO 2 v N2O ln lt l 0,1 mol mi kh. A. Cu, Al B. Cu, Fe C. Zn, Al D. Zn, Fe Gii: Qu trnh kh hai anion to kh l: 4H+ + SO42+ 2e SO2 + 2H2O 0,2 0,1 10H+ + 2NO3 + 8e N2O + 5H2O 0,8 0,1 e (nhn) = 0,2 + 0,8 = 1 mol A 2e A2+ a 2a B 3e B3+ b 3b e (cho) = 2a + 3b = 1 (1) V s mol ca hai kim loi bng nhau nn: a = b (2) Gii ( 1), (2 ) ta c a = b = 0,2 mol Vy 0,2A + 0,2B = 18,2 A + B = 91 A l Cu v B l Al.
13

Mt s bi tp tng t: 01. Cho 18,4 g hn hp kim loai A, B tan ht trong dung dich hn hp gm HNO3 c va H2SO4 c, nong thy thoat ra 0,3 mol NO va 0,3mol SO2. C can dung dich sau phan ng, khi lng cht rn thu c la: A. 103g B. 63,3g C. 79,6g D. 84,4g 02. Hoa tan va u 6g hn hp 2 kim loai X,Y co hoa tri tng ng I, II vao dung dich hn hp 2 axit HNO3 va H2SO4 thi thu c 2,688 lit hn hp khi B gm NO2 va SO2 (ktc) va co tng khi lng la 5,88g. C can dung dich sau cung thi thu c m(g) mui khan. Tinh m? A. 8,54g B. 8,45g C. 5,84g D. 5,45g 03. Ha tan 3 gam hn hp A gam kim loi R ha tr I v kim loi ha tr II M vi hn hp dung dch cha HNO3 v H2SO4 c nng, thu c 2,94 gam hn hp kh Y gm NO2 v SO2. Th tch ca Y l 1,344 lt (ktc). Khi lng mui khan thu c l: A. 6,36g. B. 7,06g. C. 10,56g. D. 12,26g. 04. Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80ml dung dch HNO3 1M thot ra V1 lt kh NO. Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80ml dung dch HNO3 1M v H2SO4 0,5M thot ra V2 lt kh NO. Bit NO l sn phm kh duy nht cc th tch kh o trong cng iu kin. Quan h gia V1 v V2 l: A. V2 = V1. B. V2 = 2,5V1. C. V2 = 2V1. D. V2 = 1,5V1. 05. Cho 12,9 gam hn hp Mg va Al phan ng vi 100 ml dung dich hn hp 2 axit HNO3 4M va H2SO4 7M thu c 0,1 mol mi khi SO2, NO va N2O( khng co san phm kh khac). Thanh phn % theo khi lng cua Al trong hn hp u la: A. 62,79% B. 52,33% C. 41,86% D. 83,72% 06. Ha tan hon ton 14,8g hn hp kim loi Fe v Cu vo lng d dung dch hn hp HNO3 v H2SO4 m c, nng. Sau phn ng thu c 10,08 lt kh NO2 v 2,24 lt SO2 (ktc). Khi lng Fe trong hn hp: A. 5,6g B. 8,4g C, 18g D. 18,2g 07. Cho 3,2 gam bt ng tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm HNO3 0,8 M v H2SO4 0,2 M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, sinh ra V lt kh NO (l sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca V l: A. 0,746 B. 0,448 C. 1,792 D 0,672 Dng 5: Tnh nhanh khi lng mui to thnh trong phn ng oxy ha kh. Trong cc phn ng oxy ha kh, sn phm to thnh c cha cc mui m ta thng gp nh mui sunfat SO42- (c in tch l -2), mui nitrat NO3-, ( c in tch l -1), mui halogen X - ( c in tch l -1), ... Thnh phn ca mui gm caction kim loi (hoc cation NH4+),v anion gc acid. Mun tnh khi lng mui to thnh trong dung dch ta tnh nh sau: mmui = mkim loi + mgc acid Trong : mgc acid = Mgc acid . e (nhn)/(s in tch gc acid) V d 1: Cho 6,3 g hn hp Mg v Zn tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thy thot ra 3,36 lt H 2 (ktc). Khi lng mui to ra trong dung dch l: A. 15,69 g B. 16,95 g C. 19,65 g D. 19,56 g Gii: Ta c: 2H+ + 2e H2 0,3 22,4 Vy khi lng mui trong dung dch l: mmui = mkim loi + mgc acid = 6,3+35,5.0,3/1=16,95 g. p n B. V d 2: Oxy ha hon ton 7,2 g hn hp X gm Al, Mg, Zn bng oxy d c 12,8 g hn hp oxit Y. Ha tan ht Y trong dung dch H2SO4 long thu c dung dch T. C cn dung dch T thu c lng mui khan l: A. 50,8 g B. 20,8 g C. 30,8 g D. 40,8 g O2 H 2 SO4 Gii: X Y T
3,36

14

Khi lng oxy l: mO = 12,8 7,2 = 5,6 g Ta c: O2 + 4e 2O22

5,6 0,7 32 96.0,7 = 40,8 g. p n D. mmui = mkim loi + mgc acid= 7,2 + 2

V d 3: Cho 7,4 gam hn hp kim loi Ag, Al, Mg tan ht trong H 2SO4 c nng thu c hn hp sn phm kh gm 0,015 mol S v 0,0125 mol H2S. C cn dung dch sau phn ng c lng mui khan l: A. 12,65 g B. 15,62 g C. 16,52 g D. 15,26 g +6 0 +6 -2 Gii: S + 6e S v S + 8e S 0,09 0,015 0,1 0,0125 96.(0,09 + 0,1) = 16,52 g. p n C. mmui = mkim loi + mgc acid= 7,4 + 2 V d 4: Cho 11,8 g hn hp Al, Cu phn ng vi hn hp dung dch HNO 3 v H2SO4 d, thu c 13,44 lt (ktc) hn hp kh SO2 v NO2 c t khi vi H2 l 26. Khi lng mui to ra trong dung dch l: A. 55,8 g B. 50 g C. 61,2 g D. 56 g Gii: Da vo s ng cho ta tnh c nSO = 0,2 mol, n NO = 0,4 mol S+6 + 2e S+4 v N+5 + 1e N+4 0,4 0,2 0,4 0,4
2 2

mmui = mkim loi + mSO + m NO =11,8 +

2 4 3

96.0,4 62.0,4 + = 55,8 g. p n A. 2 1

Mt s bi tp tng t: Cho 5,3g hn hp Zn v Fe tc dng vi dung dch HCl thy thot ra 0,5g kh H2. Khi lng mui clorua trong dung dch l: A. 23,05 g B. 23,50 g C. 32,05 g D. 32,50 g 2. Oxy ha hon ton 14,3g hn hp bt cc kim loi Mg, Al, Zn bng oxy d thu c 22,3g hn hp oxit. Cho hn hp ny tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th lng mui to thnh trong dung dch l: A. 36,6 g B. 32,05 g C. 49,8 g D. 48,9 g 3. Ha tan hon ton 58 g hn hp A gm Fe, Cu, Ag trong dung dch HNO3 thu c 0,15 mol kh NO, 0,05 mol kh N2O, v dung dch D. C cn dung dch D lng mui khan thu c l: A. 120,4 g B. 89.8 g C. 11,7 g D. 90,3 g 4. Ha tan ht 4,2 g hn hp kim loi Zn v Fe bng dung dch H2SO4 c nng thu c 0,025 mol S (sn phm kh duy nht). C cn dung dch sau phn ng cht rn khan thu c l: A. 14,1 g B. 11,4 g C. 6,6 g D. 1,14 g 05. Cho 8,5 g cc kim loi Al v Mg tan ht trong dung dch hn hp HNO3 long v H2SO4 long, thu c 11,2 lit (ktc) hn hp kh B gm NO v H2 c t khi so vi H2 l 8. C cn dung dch sau phn ng c lng mui khan l: A. 59 g B. 69 g C. 79 g D. 89 g 06. Ha tan hon ton 11,9 g hn hp gm Al v Zn bng H2SO4 c nng thu c7,616 lt SO2 (ktc), 0,64 g S v dung dch X. Khi lng mui trong dung dch X l: A. 50,3 g B. 30,5 g C. 35,0 g D. 30,05 g 07. Ha tan 18,5 g hn hp X gm Fe, Cu bng dung dch HNO3 d thu c 6,72 lt (ktc) hn hp kh B gm NO v NO2 c khi lng 12,2 g. Khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra l: A. 45,9 g B. 49,5 g C. 59,4 g D. 95,4 g 08. Dung dch A ch cha ba ion H+, NO3-, SO42-,. em ha tan 6,28 g hn hp B gm 3 kim loi M, M, M c ha tr tng ng l I, II, III vo dung dch A thu c dung dch D v 2,688 lt kh X gm NO2 v SO2 (ktc). C cn dung dch D c m gam mui khan, bit rng kh X c t khi vi H2 l 27,5. Gi tr ca m l: A. 15,76 g B. 17,56 g C. 16,57 g D.16,75 g
15

1.

09. Cho 2,16 g kim loi Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 d thu c 0,896 lt kh NO (ktc) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui khan thu c khi lm bay hi dung dch X l: A. 13,92 g B. 8,88 g C. 13,32 g D. 6,52 g 10. Ha tan ht 12 g hn hp kim loi X, Y vo dung dch HNO3 thu c m gam mui khan v 1,12 lt kh N 2 (ktc). Tm gi tr ca m: A. 34 g B. 44 g C. 43 g D. 33 g 11. Cho 1,35g X gm Cu, Mg, Al tc dng ht vi HNO3 thu c 0,01 mol NO v 0,04 mol NO2. Tnh khi lng mui. A. 5,69 gam B.4,45 gam C. 5,5 gam D. 6,0 gam 12: Cho 1,35 gam hn hp A gm Cu, Mg, Al tac dung vi HNO3 d c 1,12 lt NO va NO2 co khi lng trung binh la 42,8. Bit th tich khi o ktc. Tng khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra la: [6] A. 9,65g B. 7,28g C. 4,24g D. 5,69g Dng 6: Cc bi tp v kim loi qua nhiu trng thi oxy ha nh Fe, Cu ... Cc kim loi ny c nhiu trng thi oxy ha nn khi oxy ha chng thng thu c hn hp cc oxit v c th c kim loi cha b oxy ha. Thng thng, bi ton cho ton b lng oxit kim loi chuyn v mt trng thi oxy ha cao nht. gii quyt dng bi tp ny cn ch : Ch quan tm n trng thi oxy ha u v cui ca kim loi, khng cn quan tm n cc trng thi oxy ha trung gian. t n s vi cht ng vai tr cht kh. V d 1: Nung x gam Fe trong khng kh, thu c 104,8 gam hn hp rn A gm Fe, FeO, Fe 2O3, Fe3O4. Ha tan A trong dung dch HNO3 d, thu c dung dch B v 12,096 lit hn hp kh NO v NO 2 (ktc) c t khi i vi He l 10,167. Gi tr ca x l: A. 85,02g B. 49,22g C. 78,4g D. 98g Gii: Da vo s ng cho tnh c s mol NO v NO2 ln lt l 0,18 v 0,36 mol.
O2 3 Fe hhA( Fe, Fe2 O3 , FeO, Fe3 O4 ) HNO Fe( NO3 ) 3

Cc phn ng c th xy ra: Trong khng kh st tc dng vi oxy to ra cc oxit 2Fe + O2 2FeO 4Fe + 3O2 2Fe3O4 3Fe + 2O2 Fe2O3 Hn hp B tc dng vi dung dch HNO3: Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O 3FeO + 10HNO3 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 5H2O 3Fe3O4 + 28HNO3 9Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 14H2O Fe2O3 + 6HNO3 2Fe(NO3)3 + 3H2O Ta thy, qu trnh phn ng ton b lng Fe kim loi c chuyn thnh Fe3+ nn ta c qu trnh nhng e: Fe - 3e Fe3+
x 3x 56 56 3x mol 56
+4

e (nhng) =
+5

Qu trnh nhn e: N(NO ) + 1e N(NO ) 3 2 0,36 0,36

+5 N(NO3 ) + 3e N(NO) +2

16

O2 a

3.0,18 0,18 + 4e 2O24a (vi a l s mol O2 oxy ha Fe)

e (nhn) = 0,36 + 0,18.3 + 4a = 0,9 + 4a (mol) Theo LBT electron, ta c: e nhn = e nhng 3x <=> 0,9 + 4a = 56 Mt khc, theo LBTKL: khi lng hn hp rn A l: mFe + mO2 = 104,8 (gam) hay x + 32a = 104,8 (2) Gii h hai phng trnh (1) v (2), ta c x = 78,4 gam. Chn p n C. V d 2: (Trch thi vo HSP H Ni 1998) m gam bt st (A) ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian bin thnh hn hp (B) c khi lng 12 gam gm Fe, FeO, Fe 3O4, Fe2O3. Cho B tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HNO3 thy sinh ra 2,24l kh NO duy nht ktc. Tnh m. A. 20,08 g B. 30,08 g C. 21,8 g D. 22,08 g O HNO Fe hhA( Fe, Fe2O3 , FeO, Fe3O4 ) Fe( NO3 ) 3 Gii:
2 3

S mol e do Fe nhng phi bng s mol e do oxy thu v N ca HNO3 thu: Ta c:

m 12 m 2,24 .3 = .4 + .3 56 32 22,4

+5

Gii ra m = 20,08g. p n A. V d 3: a gam bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian s chuyn thnh hn hp A c khi lng l 75,2 gam gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4. Cho hn hp A phn ng ht vi dung dch H 2SO4 m c, nng thu c 6,72 lt kh SO2 (ktc). Khi lng a gam l: A. 56 gam. B. 11,2 gam. C. 22,4 gam. D. 25,3 gam. a Gii: S mol Fe ban u trong a gam: n Fe = mol. 56 75,2 a S mol O2 tham gia phn ng: n O2 = mol. 32 Fe Fe3+ + 3e a 3a Qu trnh oxy ha: (1) mol mol 56 56 3a S mol e nhng: n e = mol 56 Qu trnh kh: O2 + 4e 2O2 (2) 2 + SO4 + 4H + 2e SO2 + 2H2O (3) T (2), (3) n echo = 4n O2 + 2n SO2 = 4 75,2 a 3a + 2 0,3 = 32 56 a = 56 gam. Chn p n A.

Mt s bi tp tng t : I) Bi tp v kim loi tc dng vi dung dch axit Bi 1 : Cho 1,86 g hn hp Mg v Al vo dung dch HNO3 long d sau phn ng thu c 560 ml N2O ( ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht . Tnh % v khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp ban u.

17

Bi 2 : Cho 8,32 gam Cu tc dng va vi 120 ml dung dch HNO3 sau phn ng thu c 4,928 lit (ktc) hn hp NO v NO2 . tnh nng mol ca dung dch HNO3 ban u. Bi 3: Ho tan hon ton 1,35 gam mt kim loi M bng dung dch HNO3 d un nng thu c 2,24 lit NO v NO2 (ktc) c t khi so vi H2 bng 21 ( khng cn sn phm kh khc). Tm kim loi M Bi 4: Ho tan hon ton 2,16 gam Al trong dung dch HNO3 1M thu c 1,232 lt hn hp B gm NO v N2O (ktc) . tnh t khi ca B so vi H2 ( khng c spk khc) Bi 5: Ho tan hon ton 5,2 gam kim loi M vo dung dch HNO3 d thu c 1,008 lit ( ktc) hn hp 2 kh NO v N2O l sn phm kh duy nht . sau phn ng khi lng dung dch tng ln 3,78 gam so vi ban u. tm M Bi 6: Ho tan hon ton 3,3 gam hn hp X gm Fe v kim loi R c ho tr khng i trong dung dch HCl d thu c 2,688 lit H2 . Nu cng ho tan 3,3 gam X trn bng dung dch HNO3 d thu c 0,896 lit hn hp N2O v NO c t khi so vi H2 l 20,25( cc th tch o ktc). Tm R v % v khi lng ca hn hp X Bi 7: Cho 5,4 gam Al tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch H2SO4 2M (long) thu c dung dch B. Cho x ml dung dch NaOH 1M vo B v khuy u . vi gi tr no ca x kt ta ln nht; khng c kt ta Bi 8: Cho 10 gam hn hp Mg, Fe, Zn tc dng vi 100ml dung dch hn hp H2SO4 0,8M v HCl 1,2 M, sau phn ng thu c x lit H2 ktc. Tnh x Bi 9: Cho 5,4 gam mt kim loi R vo cc cha 146 gam dung dch HCl 20% , sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c 6,72 lit H2 (ktc) . Tm R Bi 10: hn hp X gm Al v kim loi M c ho tri 2 v khi lng nguyn t nh hn ca Al. Cho 7,8 gam X vo dung dch H2SO4 long d thy kim loi tan ht v thu c 8,96 lit H2 (ktc) . Tm M v % v khi lng trong X Bi 11: Cho 3,84 gam Cu tc dng vi 80 ml dung dch hn hp gm HNO3 1M v HCl 1M s thu c ti a bao nhiu lit NO (ktc) Bi 12: So snh th tch kh NO ( duy nht ) thot ra trong 2 th nghim sau: a) cho 6,4 gam Cu tc dng vi 120 ml dung dch HNO3 1M b) Cho 6,4 gam Cu tc dng vi 120 ml dung dch hn hp( HNO3 1M v H2SO4 0,5M). C cn dung dch trng hp b s thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan ( gi thit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton , cc kh o cng k) Bi 13: Ho tan hon ton 1,62 gam Al trong 280 ml dung dch HNO3 1M c dung dch A v kh NO ( l sn phm kh duy nht ). Mt khc cho 7,35 gam hai kim loi kim thuc hai chu k lin tip vo 500 ml dung dch HCl c dung dch B v 2,8 lit H2 (ktc) . khi trn dung dch A vo dung dch B thy to thnh 1,56 gam kt ta. Xc nh tn hai lim loi v tnh nng mol ca dung dch HCl dng. Bi 14: cho 7,68 gam Cu vo 120 ml dung dch hn hp gm HNO3 1M v H2SO4 1M, sau khi phn ng hon ton thu c bao nhiu lt NO (ktc) l spk duy nht. C cn dung dch thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan. Bi 15: Cho 1,92 gam Cu vo 100 ml dung dch cha KNO3 0,16M v H2SO4 0,4M thy sinh ra mt cht kh c t khi so vi H2 l 15 v dung dch A a) Tnh th tch kh sinh ra ktc b) Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 0,5M ti thiu cn cho vo dung dch A kt ta ton b ion Cu2+ c trong dung dch A Bi 16: Cho 3,87 gam hn hp A gm Mg v Al vo 250 ml dung dch X cha HCl 1M v H2SO4 0,5M thu c dung dch B v 4,368 lit H2 ktc. Cho thm H2O vo dung dch B c 1100ml dung dch D a) Tnh pH ca dung dch D b) Tnh % v khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp A c) c cn dung dch B thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan

18

Bi 17:Cho a gam bt st tc dng vi oxi trong iu kin thch hp thu c hn hp B gm (Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 , Fe3O4 ) c khi lng l 21,6 gam. Cho hn hp B tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long d sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c 2,24 NO l sn phm kh duy nht .Tnh a

Bi 18: Cho 8,4 gam Fe tc dng vi 400ml dung dch HNO3 1M , sau phn ng thu c dung dch X v sn phm kh duy nht l NO. C cn dung dch X th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan. Bi 19: cho m gam st tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 sau phn ng thu c dung dch Y; 0,1mol NO (spk duy nht ) v 2 gam kim loi. Tnh m Bi 20: cho 11,2 gam Fe vo 1lit dung dch HNO3 0,6M thu c dung dch X v NO l spk duy nht . sau phn ng c cn dung dch X th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan. Bi 21: cho 25,6 gam Cu vo dung dch HNO3 sau phn ng thu c hn hp X v 4,48lt (ktc) kh NO duy nht . Cho tip 100ml dung dch HCl 0,8 M vo X th c thu c kh na khng, bao nhiu lit(ktc) Bi 22: Cho 12gam Mg vo 200ml dung dch HNO3 1M sau phn ng thu c hn hp Y v kh NO (gi s l spk duy nht ). Cho tip 500ml dung dch H2SO4 1M(long) vo Ygi s ch to ra 2 spk l NO v H2 vi tng th tch l x lt (ktc) , tnh x Bi 23: Hoa tan hoan toan m gam hon hp 2 kim loai X, Y (co hoa tr duy nhat) trong dung dch axit HNO3 thu c hon hp kh B gom 0,03 mol NO2 va 0,02 mol NO. So mol HNO3 a tham gia phan ng la: Bi 24: Hoa tan va u 6 gam hon hp 2 kim loai X, Y (co hoa tr duy nhat) trong dung dch hon hp 2 axit HNO3 va H2SO4 th thu c 2,688 lt hon hp kh B gom NO2 va SO2 (ktc) co khoi lng la 5,88 gam. Co can dung dch sau phan ng thu c m gam muoi khan. Gia tr cua m la: Bi 26: Cho 4,04 gam hon hp X gom Fe, FeO, Fe3O4 phan ng het vi dung dch HNO3 d thu c 336 ml kh NO (ktc, san pham kh duy nhat). So mol HNO3 a phan ng la: Bi 27: Cho 10,4 gam hon hp Fe va C trong o Fe chiem 53,85% ve khoi lng phan ng vi dung dch HNO3 ac nong, d thu c V lt kh (ktc), gia tr cua V la: Bi 28: e hoa tan het 0,06 mol Fe th can so mol HNO3 toi thieu la (san pham kh duy nhat la NO): Bi 29: Nung 8,96 gam Fe trong khong kh c hon hp A gom FeO, Fe2O3 va Fe3O4. e hoa tan hoan toan A can toi thieu 0,5 lt dung dch HNO3 1M, thoat ra kh NO duy nhat (ktc). So mol kh NO bay ra la: Bi 30: Hoa tan het hon hp gom 0,1 Cu2S, 0,1 mol CuFeS2 va a mol FeS2 trong dung dch HNO3 thu c dung dch X ch cha muoi sunphat. Cho X tac dung vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 d roi lay ket tua em nung en khoi lng khong oi thu c m gam chat ran, m co gia tr: Bi 31: e kh hoan toan 3,04 gam hon hp X gom FeO, F2O3, Fe3O4 can 0,05 mol H2. Mat khac hoa tan hoan toan 3,04 gam hon hp X trong dung dch H2SO4 ac thu c V lt (ktc) kh SO2 duy nhat. Gia tr cua V la: Bi 32: Cho 16,2 gam kim loai M (co hoa tr khong oi) tac dung het vi 0,6 mol O2 thu c chat ran X. Cho X tac dung hoan toan vi dung dch HCl thu c 13,44 lt kh H2 (ktc). Kim loai M la:
19

Bi 33: e hoa tan hoan toan m gam hon hp ba kim loai X, Y, Z (eu co hoa tr duy nhat) can toi thieu 250 ml dung dch HNO3 a M khong thay kh thoat ra va thu c dung dch A. Neu cho NaOH vao dung dch A thay thoat ra kh lam xanh quy am. Neu co can dung dch A can than thu c (m + 21,6) gam muoi khan. Gia tr cua a la: Bi 34: Hoa tan hoan toan hon hp gom 0,01 mol S, 0,03 mol FeS va a mol FeS2 trong dung dch HNO3 thu c V lt kh NO duy nhat (ktc) va dung dch X ch cha muoi suafat. Gia tr cua V la: Bi 35: Hoa tan hoan toan 49,6 gam hon hp X gom Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 bang H2SO4 ac nong thu c dung dch Y va 8,96 lt kh SO2 (ktc). Khoi lng muoi co trong dung dch Y la: Cu 36: X l kim loi thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II (hay nhm IIA). Cho 1,7 gam hn hp gm kim loi X v Zn tc dng vi lng d dung dch HCl, sinh ra 0,672 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Mt khc, khi cho 1,9 gam X tc dng vi lng d dung dch H2SO4 long, th th tch kh hiro sinh ra cha n 1,12 lt ( ktc). Kim loi X l Cu 37: Cho 3,6 gam Mg tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 (d), sinh ra 2,24 lt kh X (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Kh X l Cu 38: Ho tan ht 7,74 gam hn hp bt Mg, Al bng 500 ml dung dch hn hp HCl 1M v H2SO4 0,28M thu c dung dch X v 8,736 lt kh H2 ( ktc). C cn dung dch X thu c lng mui khan l Cu 39: Cho 3,2 gam bt Cu tc dng vi 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm HNO3 0,8M v H2SO4 0,2M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, sinh ra V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca V l Cu 40: Cho 2,16 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 (d). Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 0,896 lt kh NO ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui khan thu c khi lm bay hi dung dch X l Cu 41: Cho m gam hn hp X gm Al, Cu vo dung dch HCl (d), sau khi kt thc phn ng sinh ra 3,36 lt kh ( ktc). Nu cho m gam hn hp X trn vo mt lng d axit nitric (c, ngui), sau khi kt thc phn ng sinh ra 6,72 lt kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m l Cu 42: Th tch dung dch HNO3 1M (long) t nht cn dng ho tan hon ton mt hn hp gm 0,15 mol Fe v 0,15 mol Cu l (bit phn ng to cht kh duy nht l NO) Cu43: Cho 17,7 gam hn hp Cu, Zn, Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 d thu c dung dch X, c cn dung dch X thu c 67,3gam mui khan( khng c NH4NO3 ).Nung hn hp mui khan ny n khi lng khng i th thu c bao nhiu gam cht rn. Cu 44: Cho 16,6 gam hn hp X dng bt trn u gm Al, Mg, Cu tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long, d thu c dung dch Y, c cn Y thu c 91 gam mui khan ( khng cha NH4NO3 ). mt khc cho 13,3 gam X tc dng vi oxi d th thu c bao nhiu gam oxit. Cu45: ho tan hon ton 0,368 gam hn hp nhm v km cn va 2,5 lit dung dch HNO3 0,01M th khng thy c kh thot ln, sau phn ng ta thu c 3 mui. Tnh % v khi lng ca mi kim loi c trong hn hp. Cu 46: Ho tan hon ton 31,2g hn hp Al, Mg bng dung dch HNO3 long, d thu c dung dch A v 8,96 lit hn hp kh B (ktc) gm N2, N2O (khng cn spk khc), dB/H2 =20. Tnh s mol HNO3 phn ng v khi lng mui khan thu c khi c cn A Cu 47: Ho tan hon ton 23,1g hn hp Al, Mg, Zn , Cu bng dung dch HNO3 long, d thu c dung dch A v hn hp kh B gm 0,2 mol NO, 0,1 mol N2O (khng cn spk khc). Tnh s mol HNO3 phn ng v khi lng mui khan thu c khi c cn A Phn trc nghim
20

1. ( tuyn sinh H-C Khi B nm 2007) Nung m gam st trong oxy d thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ha tan ht hn hp X trong dung dch HNO3 d thot ra 0,56 lt kh (ktc) NO (l sn phm kh duy nht). m l : A. 2,22 g B. 2,62 g C. 2,52 g D. 2,32 g 2. m gam bt st ngoi khng kh sau mt thi gian thu c 6 gam hn hp cc cht rn. Ha tan hon ton hn hp bng dung dch HNO3 thu c 1,12 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc). Gi tr ca m l : A. 10,08 g B. 1,08 g C. 5,04 g D. 0,504 g 03. a gam bt st ngoi khng kh sau mt thi gian thu c 75,2 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ha tan ht hn hp X trong dung dch H2SO4 c nng (d), thot ra 6,72 lt ( ktc) SO 2 (l sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca a l: A. 56 gam. B. 11,2 gam. C. 22,4 gam. D. 25,2 gam. 04. Cho 16,2 gam kim loi M, ha tr n tc dng vi 0,15 mol O2. Cht rn thu c sau phn ng cho ha tan hon ton vo dung dch HCl d thu c 13,44 lt kh H2 (ktc). Kim loi M l : A. Fe B. Al C. Cu D. Zn 05. X l hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 c t l mol ln lt l 1 :2 :3 :4. ha tan hon ton 76,8 gam X bng HNO3 thu c 4,48 lt hn hp kh Y gm NO v NO2. Th tch dung dch HNO3 ti thiu cn dng l : A. 0.8375 B. 0,575 C. 0,4375 D. 0,7365 06. 27 gam Al ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian thu c 39,8 gam hn hp X gm Al v Al2O3. Cho X tc dng vi H2SO4 c nng d thu c V lt kh SO2 (ktc). Gi tr ca V l : A. 15,68 lt B. 16,8 lt C. 33,6 lt D. 31,16 lt 07. t 12,8 gam Cu trong khng kh. Ha tan cht rn thu c vo dung dch HNO3 0,5M thy thot ra 448 ml kh NO duy nht (ktc). Tnh th tch ti thiu ung dch HNO3 cn dng ha tan ht cht rn. A. 420 ml B. 840 ml C. 480 ml D. 240 ml 08. Nung m gam st trong khng kh , sau mt thi gian ngi ta thu c 104,8 gam hn hp rn A gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4. Ha tan hon ton A trong HNO3 d thu c dung dch B v 12,096 lt kh hn hp kh NO v NO2 (ktc) c t khi so vi He l 10,167. Gi tr ca m l: A. 72 B. 69,54 C. 91,28 D. 78,4 09. t chy 5,6 gam bt Fe trong bnh ng O2 thu c 7,36 gam hn hp A gm Fe2O3, Fe3O4 v Fe. Ha tan hon ton lng hn hp A bng dung dch HNO3 thu c V lt hn hp kh B gm NO v NO2. T khi ca B so vi H2 bng 19. Th tch V ktc l: A. 672 ml. B. 336 ml. C. 448 ml. D. 896 ml. 10. Cho a gam hn hp A gm oxit FeO, CuO, Fe2O3 c s mol bng nhau tc dng hon ton vi lng va l 250 ml dung dch HNO3 khi un nng nh, thu c dung dch B v 3,136 lt (ktc) hn hp kh C gm NO2 v NO c t khi so vi hiro l 20,143. Tnh a. A. 74,88 gam. B. 52,35 gam. C. 61,79 gam. D. 72,35 gam. 11. Cho lung khi CO i qua ng s ng m gam Fe 2O3 nhit cao mt thi gian ngi ta thu c 6,72 g hn hp gm 4 cht rn khac nhau A. em hoa tan hoan toan hn hp nay vao dung dich HNO 3 d thy tao thanh 0,448 lit khi B duy nht co ty khi so vi H2 bng 15. m nhn gia tri la: A. 5,56g B. 6,64g C. 7,2g D. 8,8g 12. Trn 0,81 gam bt Al vi hn hp X gm Fe2O3, v CuO ri thc hin phn ng nhit nhm, thu c hn hp Y. Ha tan ht Y trong dung dch HNO3 d thu c hn hp kh gm NO v NO2 c th tch ln lt l: A. 0,336 lt v 1,008 lt B. 0,224 lt v 0,672 lt B. 0,504 lt v 0,448 lt C. 0,108 lt v 0,112 lt 13. Cho H2 i qua ng s cha a gam Fe2O3 un nng, sau mt thi gian thu c 5,2 gam hn hp X gm 4 cht rn. Ha tan ht hn hp X bng HNO3 c, nng thu c 0,785 mol kh NO2 .Gi tr a l: A. 11,48 B. 24,04 C. 17,46 D. 8,34 14. Cho CO qua ng s cha m gam Fe2O3 , un nng. Sau mt thi gian ta thu uc 5,2g hn hp X gm Fe v 3 oxit kim loi. Ha tan X bng HNO3 c, nng th thu c 0,05 mol kh NO2 . Tnh gi tr m. A. 5,6g B. 4,7g C. 4,76g D. 4,04g Dng 7: Dng ton trong dung dch nhiu cht kh, nhiu cht oxy ha m s trao i electron xy ra ng thi (thng gp l dng ton kim loi ny y kim loi khc ra khi dung dch mui. Gp bi ton loi ny cn lu

21

- Tnh s mol kim loi v ion kim loi trong mui v s mol electron tng ng. - So snh s mol electron nhng v nhn xc nh cht d v cht ht. - Xc nh cht rn v tnh ton. V d 1: Ha tan ht hn hp bt gm 6,5 gam Zn v 4,8 gam Mg cn V ml dung dch Y cha CuSO4 0,5 M v AgNO3 0,2 M. Gi tr ca V l: A. 200 B. 300 C. 400 D. 500 Gii: nZn=0,1 mol, nMg=0,2 mol. Gi V lt l th tch dung dch. Zn - 2e Zn2+ Cu2+ +2e Cu 0,1 0,2 0,5V1V 2+ Mg -2e Mg Ag+ +1e Ag 0,2 0,4 0,2V0,2V e (nhng)=0,2+0,4=0,6 mol e (nhn)=0,2V+V=1,2V mol hn hp bt b ha tan ht th: e (nhng)= e (nhn) 1,2V=0,6 V=0,5 lt = 500 ml. p n D. V d 2: Mt hn hp X gm Al v Fe c khi lng 8,3g. Cho X vo 1lit dung dch A cha AgNO 3 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,2M. Sau khi phn ng kt thc c cht rn B (hon ton khng tc dng vi dung dch HCl) v dung dchC (hon ton khng c mu xanh ca Cu2+). Tnh khi lng cht rn B v %Al trong hn hp. A. 23,6g; %Al = 32,53 B. 24,8g; %Al = 31,18 C. 28,7g; %Al = 33,14 D. 24,6g; %Al = 32,18 Gii: Chiu sp xp cc cp oxy ha kh trong dy in ha: Al3+ Fe2 + Cu 2 + Ag + Al Fe Cu Ag - Ag b kh trc Cu2+; dung dch b mt ht mu xanh ca Cu2+ nn Cu2+ v Ag+ u b kh ht to Ag v Cu kim loi. - Al phn ng xong ri n Fe; cht rn B khng phn ng vi HCl, do Al v Fe phn ng ht. Vy, hn hp B gm Cu v Ag mB = mCu + mAg nAg = 0,1mol ; nCu = 0,2mol mB = 0,1x108 + 0,2x64 = 23,6(g) Al : x(mol) ; m X = 8,3g 27x + 56y = 8,3 Gi hn hp X (1) Fe : y(mol) Qu trnh nhng e: Al - 3e Al3+ x 3x e nhng = 3x + 2y(mol) Fe - 2e Fe2+ y 2y Qu trnh nhn e: Cu2+ + 2e Cu 0,2 0,4 + e nhn = 0,4 + 0,1 = 0,5(mol) Ag + e Ag 0,1 0,1 Theo LBT electron: e nhng = e nhn 3x + 2y = 0,5 (2) x = 0,1 0,1.27.100 %m Al = = 32,53% T (1) v (2), suy ra: 8,3 y = 0,1 Vy p n ng l A. V d 3: Hn hp A gm 2 kim loi R1, R2 c ho tr x, y khng i (R1, R2 khng tc dng vi nc v ng trc Cu trong dy hot ng ha hc ca kim loi). Cho hn hp A phn ng hon ton vi dung dch HNO3 d thu c 1,12 lt kh NO duy nht ktc. Nu cho lng hn hp A trn phn ng hon ton vi dung dch HNO3 th thu c bao nhiu lt N2. Cc th tch kh o ktc. A. 0,224 lt. B. 0,336 lt. C. 0,448 lt. D. 0,672 lt. Gii : Trong bi ton ny c 2 th nghim:

22

TN1: R1 v R2 nhng e cho Cu2+ chuyn thnh Cu sau Cu li nhng e cho N thnh N (NO). S mol e do R1 v R2 nhng ra l +5 +2 N + 3e N 0,15 22,4 = 0,05 TN2: R1 v R2 trc tip nhng e cho N to ra N2. Gi x l s mol N2, th s mol e thu vo l +5 2 N + 10e N 0 2 Ta c: 10x x mol 10x = 0,15 x = 0,015 VN2 = 22,4.0,015 = 0,336 lt. p n B.
+5

+5

+2

1,12

Mt s bi tp tng t: 1. Cho hn hp bt gm 6,5 gam Zn v 4,8 gam Mg vo 200 ml dung dch Y cha CuSO4 0,5M v AgNO3 0,3M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l: A. 19,38 g B. 21,06 g C. 22,14 g D. 24,05 g 02. Cho 8,3 gam hn hp X gm Al v Fe c s mol bng nhau vo 100 ml dung dch Y gm Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3, sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c cht rn A gm ba kim loi. Ha tan A vo ung dch HCl d thy c 1,12 lt kh thot ra (ktc). V cn li 28 gam cht rn khng tan B. Nng CM ca Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 ln lt l: A. 2M v 1M B. 1M v 2M C. 0,2M v 0,1M D. 0,2M v 0,3M 03. Dung dch X gm AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 c cng nng . Ly mt lng hn hp gm 0,03 mol Al; 0,05 mol Fe cho vo 100 ml dung dch X cho ti kh phn ng kt thc thu c cht rn Y cha 3 kim loi. Cho Y vo HCl d gii phng 0,07 gam kh. Nng ca hai mui l: A. 0,3M. B. 0,4M. C. 0,42M. D. 0,45M. 04. Mt hn hp X gm Al v Fe c khi lng 8,3g. Cho X vo 1 lt dung dch A cha AgNO3 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,2M. Sau khi phn ng kt thc c cht rn B (hon ton khng tc dng vi dung dch HCl) v ung dch C (hon ton khng c mu xanh ca Cu2+). Tnh khi lng cht rn B v %Al trong hn hp. A. 23,6g; %Al = 32,53 B. 24,8g; %Al = 31,18 C. 28,7g; %Al = 33,14 A. 24,6g; %Al = 32,18 Dng 8. p dng LBT electron gii mt s bi ton khc. Bi tp tng hp. V d 1: Khi t nng 22,05 gam mui KClO 3 thu c 2,24 lit kh O 2 v mt hn hp cht rn gm mui kali peclorat v kali clorua. Xc nh khi lng cc mui to thnh. A. 4,97 g KCl v 13,88 g KClO3 B. 7,0775 g KCl v 14,9725 g KClO4 C. 7,0775 g KCl v 11,7725 g KClO4 A. 11,7725 g KCl v 10,2775 g KClO3 22, 05 2, 24 = 0,18(mol); n O 2 = = 0,1(mol) Gii: n KClO3 = 122,5 22, 4 Gi s mol ca KCl v KClO4 ln lt l x v y. Qu trnh nhng e: Cl+6e Cl x 6x x
Cl2e Cl y 2y y 2O2- - 4e O2 0,4 0,1 Theo LBT electron: 6x = 0,4 + 2y 6x - 2y = 0,4 3x - y = 0,2 Mt khc: x + y = 0,18 m KCl = 0, 095.74,5 = 7, 0775(g) x = 0, 095 T (1), (2) suy ra: y = 0, 085 m KClO 4 = 0, 085.138,5 = 11, 7725(g)
23
+ 5 1

Qu trnh nhn e:

+ 5

+ 7

(1) (2)

Vy p n ng l C. V d 2: Ha tan hon ton 17,4 gam hn hp 3 kim loi Al, Fe, Mg trong dung dch HCl thy thot ra 13,44 lit kh. Nu cho 8,7 gam hn hp tc dng dung dch NaOH d thu c 3,36 lit kh (ktc). Vy cho 34,8 gam hn hp trn tc dng vi dung dch CuSO4 d, lc ly ton b cht rn thu c sau phn ng tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 nng, d th thu c V lit kh NO2. Th tch kh NO2 (ktc) thu c l: A. 26,88l B. 53,76l C. 13,44l D. 44,8l 13, 44 n H2 = = 0, 6(mol) Gii: 22, 4 Xt ton b qu trnh phn ng th: Al, Mg, Fe nhng e; H+(HCl), Cu2+ nhn e. M: 2H+ + 2e H2; Cu2+ + 2e Cu u nhn 2 electron. Nn e(H+) nhng = e(Cu2+) nhn n H 2 = n Cu 2+ = n Cu Qu trnh nhn e ca HNO3: N + e N + 5 e( ) nhn = e(Cu) nhng N Trong 34,8g hn hp: n NO 2 = 2n Cu = 2.0, 6.2 = 2, 4(mol) VNO2 = 2, 4.22, 4 = 53, 76(l) . p n B. V d 3: t chy a gam FeS trong O2 d, thu kh SO2. Trn SO2 vi 1 lng O2 ri nung hn hp c xc tc V2O5 c hn hp kh X. Cho X vo dung dch nc brm, va ht 0,08 mol Br 2 v thu c dung dch Y. Cho Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH trung ha ht lng axit c trong Y va ht 0,8mol NaOH. Tnh a. A. 24,64g B.25,52g C. 26,25g D. 28,16g Gii: X c th tc dng vi nc brom nn X cn cha SO2. Gi s mol ca SO2 v SO3 trong hn hp X ln lt l x v y. Qu trnh nhng e:
+ 4 + 5 + 4

S 2e N x 2x x

+ 6

Br2 + 2e 2Br0,08 0,16 0,16 Theo LBT electron: 2x = 0,16 x = 0,08 Dung dch Y c: HBr: 0,16 mol ; H2SO4:(x + y) mol Qu trnh nhn e:
H + + OH H 2O 0,8 0,8 0,16 + 2(x + y) = 0,8 x + y = 0,32 y = 0,24 nSO 2 = x + y = 0,32(mol) n FeS = 0,32(mol)

m FeS = 0,32.88 = 28,16(g) . Chn p n D.

V d 4: Trn 60 gam bt Fe vi 30 gam bt lu hunh ri un nng (khng c khng kh) thu c cht rn A. Ho tan A bng dung dch axit HCl d c dung dch B v kh C. t chy C cn V lt O 2 (ktc). Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. V c gi tr l: A. 11,2 lt. B. 21 lt. C. 33 lt. D. 49 lt. 30 Gii: V n Fe > n S = nn Fe d v S ht. 32 Kh C l hn hp H2S v H2. t C thu c SO2 v H2O. Kt qu cui cng ca qu trnh phn ng l Fe v S nhng e, cn O2 thu e. Nhng e: Fe Fe2+ + 2e 60 60 mol 2 mol 56 56
24

Nhn e:

S S+4 + 30 mol 32

4e 4 30 mol 32

Thu e: Gi s mol O2 l x mol. O2 + 4e 2O-2 x mol 4x 60 30 Ta c: 4x = 2 + 4 gii ra x = 1,4732 mol. 56 32 V = 22,4 1,4732 = 33 lt. p n C O2 Mt s bi tp tng t: 1. Cho m gam nhm tc dng vi m gam clo (gi s phn ng c hiu sut 100%), sau phn ng thu c cht rn A. Cho cht rn A tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c ung dch B v 8,904 lt H2 (ktc). C cn dung dch B thu c lng cht rn khan l: A. 56,7375 gam B. 32,04 gam C. 47,3925 gam D. 75,828 gam 02. Lc 0,81 gam bt Al trong 200 ml dung dch cha AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 mt thi gian thu c cht rn A v dung dch B. Cho A tc dng vi NaOH d thu c 100,8 ml kh H 2 (ktc) v cn li 6,012 gam hn hp hai kim loi. Cho B tc dng vi NaOH d thu c kt ta, nung kt ta n khi lng khng i thu c 1,6 gam mt oxit. Nng mol ca AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 trong dung dch ban u ln lt l: A. 0,22M v 0,19M B. 0,25M v 0,09M C. 0,225M v 0,19M C. 0,29M v 0,22M 03. C 200 ml dung dch hn hp AgNO3 1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,5M. Thm 2,24 gam bt Fe vo ung dch , khuy u cho phn ng hon ton thu c cht rn A v dung dch B. Khi lng cht rn A l: A. 8,04 gam B. 4,08 gam C. 5,6 gam D. 8,4 gam 04. ( tuyn sinh H-C khi B-2007) Nung m gam bt st trong oxy thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ha tan ht hn hp X trong dung dch HNO3 d thot ra 0,56 lt NO (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Gi tr ca m l: A. 2,52 g B. 1,96 g C. 3,36 g D. 2,10 g 05. ( tuyn sinh H-C khi A-2007) Ha tan 5,6 gam Fe bng dung dch H2SO4 long d thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X phn ng va vi V ml ung dch KMnO4 0,5M. Gi tr ca V l: A. 20 ml B. 40 ml C. 60 ml D. 80 ml 06. Cho m gam hn hp Mg, Al vo 250 ml dung dch X cha hai aicd HCl 1M v H2SO4 0,5M thu c 5,32 lt kh H2 (ktc) v dung dch Y coi th tch dung dch khng i. Dung dch Y c pH l: A. 1 B. 2 C. 6 D. 7 07. ( tuyn sinh H-C khi A-2008) Cho 3,2 gam Cu tc dng vi 100 ml dung cha hai acid HNO3 0,8M v H2SO4 0,2 M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton sinh ra V lt kh NO (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Gi tr ca V l: A. 0,746 B. 0,448 C. 1,792 D. 0,672 08. ( tuyn sinh H-C khi A-2008) Nung m gam hn hp bt Al v Fe2O3 (trong mi trng khng c khng kh) n phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp cht rn Y, chia Y thnh hai phn bng nhau: - Phn 1: Cho tc dng vi H2SO4 long d,sinh ra 3,08 lt kh H2 (ktc). - Phn 2: Cho tc dng vi NaOH d sinh ra 0,84 lt kh H2 (ktc). Gi tr m l: A. 22,75 B. 2,904 C. 29,4 D. 29.43 09. Ho tan hon ton 19,2 gam Cu bng dung dch HNO3, ton b lng kh NO thu c em oxy ha thnh NO2 ri chuyn ht thnh HNO3. Tnh th tch kh oxy (ktc) tham gia vo qu trnh trn. A. 3,36 lt B. 33,6 lt C. 2,24 lt D. 22,4 lt

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10. Cho 16,2 gam kim loi M (ha tr khng i) tc dng vi 0,15 mol oxy. Cht rn thu c sau phn xong cho ha tan hon ton vo dung dch HCl d thu c 13,44 lt H2 (ktc). Xc nh kim loi M (bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton). A. Al B. Fe C. Cu D. Mg 11. Trn 0,54 g bt nhm vi bt Fe2O3 v CuO ri tin hnh phn ng nhit nhm thu c hn hp A. Ho tan hon ton A trong dung dch HNO3 c hn hp kh gm NO v NO2 c t l s mol tng ng l 1 : 3. Th tch (ktc) kh NO v NO2 ln lt l: A. 0,224 lt v 0,672 lt. B. 0,672 lt v 0,224 lt. C. 2,24 lt v 6,72 lt. D. 6,72 lt v 2,24 lt. 12. Ho tan hon ton m gam Fe3O4 vo dung dch HNO3 long d, tt c lng kh NO thu c em oxy ho thnh NO2 ri sc vo nc cng dng kh O2 chuyn ht thnh HNO3. Cho bit th tch kh oxy (ktc) tham gia qu trnh trn l 3,36 lt. Khi lng m ca Fe3O4 l gi tr no sau y? A. 139,2 gam. B. 13,92 gam. C. 1,392 gam. D. 1392 gam. 13. Ho tan hon ton hn hp FeS v FeCO3 bng dung dch HNO3 c nng thu c hn hp kh A gm hai kh X, Y c t khi so vi hiro bng 22,805. Cng thc ho hc ca X v Y theo th t l: A. H2S v CO2. B. SO2 v CO2. C. NO2 v CO2 D. NO2 v SO2 14. Ha tan hon ton 28,8 g kim loi Cu vo dung dch HNO3long, tt c kh NO thu c em oxy ha thnh NO2 ri sc vo nc c dng oxy chuyn ht thnh HNO3. Th tch kh oxy ktc tham gia vo qu trnh trn l: A . 100,8 lt B. 10,08lt C . 50,4 lt D. 5,04 lt 15. Cho hn hp gm FeO, CuO, Fe3O4 c s mol ba cht u bng nhau tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 thu c hn hp kh gm 0,09 mol NO2 v 0,05 mol NO. S mol ca mi cht l: A. 0,12 mol. B. 0,24 mol. C. 0,21 mol. D. 0,36 mol. 16. Cho mt lung kh CO i qua ng s ng m gam Fe2O3 nung nng. Sau mt thi gian thu c 10,44 gam cht rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 . Ha tan ht X trong dung dch HNO3 c, nng thu c 4,368 lt NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht ktc). Tnh m ? A. 12 gam B. 24 gam C. 21 gam D. 22 gam

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