CC A CHT V KHONG SN VIT NAM

BI GING V H QUY CHIU, PHP CHIU

H TO V MT S CHNG TRNH
CHUYN I TO VIT NAM

KS. Nguyn ng Hng

Nm 2006

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BI GING V H QUY CHIU, PHP CHIU

H TO V MT S CHNG TRNH
CHUYN I TO VIT NAM
A. M U:
1. Th tng Chnh ph c Quyt nh s 83/2000/Q-TTg ngy 12 thng
7 nm 2000 v vic p dng H quy chiu v H to quc gia VN-2000;
Tng cc a chnh c Thng t s 973/2001/ TT-TCC ngy 20 thng
6 nm 2001 hng dn p dng h quy chiu v h to quc gia VN-2000.
2. Ngy 22 thng 6 nm 2001, Tng cc a chnh c Quyt nh s
218/Q-TCC v vic ban hnh phn mm tnh chuyn to t h to HN72 sang h to VN-2000.
3. B Cng nghip c Quyt nh s 325/Q-CKS, ngy 26 thng 02
nm 1997 trong c quy nh cc bn khu vc hot ng khong sn v
qun l khu vc hot ng khong sn theo h to UTM ( Indian 1960).
4. My nh v GPS cm tay v Chng trnh my vi tnh Mapinfo l hai
cng c c s dng c lc trong cng tc iu tra thm d a cht.
Vi phn mm Mapinfo chng trnh gc, v my GPS cm tay phn h
thng khng c h to HN72 v VN2000:
Nh vy vn t ra l cn c Ti liu hng dn k thut trong ngnh
a cht hiu c nhng vn c bn v: H quy chiu, php chiu, h to
v cc chng trnh chuyn i to . S dng phn mm Mainfo c h quy
chiu v php chiu cho h to HN-72 v VN-2000. S dng my GPS cm
tay c h to HN-72 v VN-2000.
p ng yu cu trn, sau mt thi gian ( 2000 - 2006) chng ti va
nghin cu va kim nghim thc t trn a bn mt s tnh n nay do nhu
cu thc t ca sn xut v qun l chng ti bin son bi ging ny.
Bi ging ny gm cc phn sau:
- Mt s vn c bn v h quy chiu, php chiu, h to , to ;

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- Mt s chng trnh chuyn i to : Chng trnh UHN, Chng

trnh Geotool 1.2, MTM, Cng c "UTVN"
- S dng file " Mapinfow.prj" chuyn i to trong phn mm
Mapinfo.
- S dng my GPS cm tay xc nh to im quan st theo h to
HN-72 v VN-2000.

B. MT S VN C BN

I. To v h to
1.To thin vn: To thin vn , c xc nh bng phng php
o thin vn. l gc gia php tuyn vi Geoid v mt phng vung gc vi
trc quay trung bnh ca tri t. l gc nh din hp bi php tuyn vi mt
Geoid v mt phng kinh tuyn trung bnh i qua i thin vn Greenwich.
cao thu chun h l cao so vi mt Geoid. Nh vy , , h c xc nh
trn mt Geoid, l m hnh vt l.

2. To trc a: Nu thay th mt Geoid bng mt Ellipsoid ta c h

thng tng t l to trc a B, L, H c xc nh trn mt Ellipsoid. Nh
vy B, L, H l m hnh ton hc.
3. To vung gc khng gian:

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Z = trc Bc Nam
Ellipsoid
Y = 900 kinh ng

X = 00 kinh
Nu ly 3 trc ca Ellipsoid lm 3 trc ca h to vung gc khng
gian OX, OY, OZ . Trong trc OZ trng vi bn trc nh v hng v pha
bc, trc OX trng vi giao tuyn ca mt phng kinh tuyn 0 v mt phng
xch o. OY l trc cn li.
Gia to thin vn, to trc a v to khng gian c mi quan
h ton hc c trng cho tnh vt l v ton hc.
4. To phng

Trong h to phng cc c hai loi h to thun v h to

nghch. Trong ton hc ph thng ta thng gp l h to thun. Lc trc
tung c k hiu l Y, trc honh c k hiu l X v gc quay theo chiu nghch
kim ng h c trc xut pht l trc honh.
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Trong bn hc thng s dng h to nghch v phng v cnh

xut pht t hng bc, trng vi trc tung v gc quay theo thun chiu kim
ng h; v vy k hiu cc cng thc ton hc trong hai h to thun
nghch khng thay i ngi ta k hiu trc tung l X, trc honh l Y.
ngha ca tr to ghi trn bn theo h to phng l:
Tr s X cho bit khong cch t im quan st n xch o
Tr s Y sau khi tr i 500000 m cho bit khong cch t im quan st
n kinh tuyn trung tm ( nu l dng im quan st pha ng, l m im
quan st pha ty kinh tuyn trung tm).
Chuyn i t mt Ellipsoid ln mt phng cn phi thc hin mt php
bin i no gi l php chiu v ph thuc vo h quy chiu.
II. H quy chiu v php chiu
1. H quy chiu: c xc nh gm 2 yu t:
- Cc tham s c bn ca Ellipsoid : kch thc ca Ellipsoid ( bn trc a,
b hoc dt f = (a-b)/a ) ; Tc quay quanh trc ca tri t, gia tc trng
trng ca tri t,...
- nh v ca khi Ellipsoid trong khng gian chun gm 7 yu t l:
Xo, Yo, Zo, , , , m
2. Php chiu: chuyn v tr tri t ln mt phng cn phi thc hin
php chiu.
Khi thc hin cc php chiu c 3 yu t hnh hc c bn: gc, chiu di,
din tch th ch 1 trong 3 yu t c bo ton. Yu t no c bo ton
c gi l ng: ng gc, ng chiu di, ng din tch.
Khi php chiu s dng hnh tr hoc hnh nn lm php bin i
trung gian th gi l php bin i hnh tru, hoc hnh nn.
V tr tng i ca hnh tr hoc hnh nn vi Ellipsoid l ng, nm
ngang hoc xin ta c php chiu ng, nm ngang, xin.
Ngoi ra v tr ca hnh tr hoc hnh nn cn c th tip xc hoc ct
Ellipsoid .
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Nh th ta c th c nhiu php chiu, s b y chng ti ni ti 36

php chiu. y chng ti xin gii thiu mt s php chiu c s dng
Vit Nam.

Hnh ph tr

V tr tng i

Yu t hnh hc

ng

ng gc

Hnh tr

Nm ngang

Tip xc

ng chiu di

Hnh nn

Xin

Ct

ng din tch

Php chiu hnh nn ng ng gc ct ti 2 v tuyn 210 v 110

thnh lp cc bn a hnh c bn, bn nn , bn hnh chnh quc gia t
l 1/1.000.000 v nh hn cho ton lnh th Vit Nam
Php chiu Gauss l php chiu hnh tr, nm ngang, ng gc, tip xc
h s k =1. Khng thay i cho mi chiu 60 v mi chiu 30
H to HN-72 theo php chiu Gauss s dng kch thc Ellipsoid
l kch thc Ellipsoid Krasovski 1940 c a = 6.378.245 m ; f= 1/298,3

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Php chiu UTM l php chiu hnh tr, nm ngang, ng gc, ct c h

s k=0,9996 cho mi chiu 60 v k= 0,9999 cho mi chiu 30
Vit Nam theo h to VN-2000 chn kch thc ca Ellipsoid l
kch thc Ellipsoid WGS-84 c tham s chnh sau:
Bn trc ln

a = 6.378.137 m

dt

f = 1/ 298,257223563

Tc gc quay quanh trc

= 7292115,0 . 10- 11 rad/ s

Hng s trng trng tri t GM = 3986005. 108 m3 s

Mi chiu 60 v 30 chun
Khi thc hin php chiu gim sai s do cch xa kinh tuyn trung
tm do ngi ta thc hin chiu tng gii 60 hoc 30 khi ta gi li chiu
l 60 hoc li chiu 30. Vi php chiu Gauss th h s k lun lun bng 1 d
mi chiu 60 hoc mi chiu 30. Cn vi php chiu UTM th vi mi chiu 60
th h s k = 0,9996 cn vi mi chiu 30 th h s k= 0,9999.
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Ngoi ra to cn b thuc vo vic chn kinh tuyn trung tm. hnh

v trn l trnh by trong trng hp chn mi 60 v 30 vi kinh tuyn chun.
Theo Quy nh ca Thng t 973/ 2001/TT-TCC ngy 20 thng 6 nm
2001 th vi h to VN-2000 s dng mi chiu 60 kinh tuyn trung tm
chun 1050, 1110, 1170 cho bn t l 1/500.000 n 1/25.000.
S hiu ca mi chi v kinh tuyn trung tm ca mi chiu chun c
quy nh nh sau:
Mi chiu 60
S hiu mi chiu

Mi chiu 30

Kinh tuyn trung tm S hiu mi chiu

48

105

49

111

50

117

Kinh tuyn trung tm

481

1020

482

1050

491

1080

492

1110

501

1140

502

1170

S dng mi chiu 30 kinh tuyn trung tm c quy nh ring cho tng

Tnh v Thnh ph trc thuc Trung ng i vi bn t l 1/10.000 n t
l 1/2.000.
s b xc nh kinh tuyn trung tm khi bit to 1 dim theo gi tri
X , Y v theo gi tr B, L cn lm nh sau:
l'0 = (Y km - 500 km )/ 1,7
(l'0 c tnh bng n v pht , ly s nguyn v gi tr i s)
L0 L - l'0

( ly trn s pht tng ng 00' , 15' , 30', 45' v gi tr

ca L xc nh trn bn cha c chnh xc )

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III. Mt s h to thng dng Vit Nam

1. H to Non- Earth: y l h to phng khng lin quan n php
chiu. Trong phm vi din tch khng ln, lc b mt geoid c coi l
mt phng. Trong phn mm Autocad s dng h to ny. Trong phn mm
Mapinfo c h to ny. Khi s dng h to ny khng th chuyn i trc
tip sang cc h to khc trong chng trnh Mapinfo.
2. H to Pulkovo 1942. H to ny s dng php chiu Gauss, kch
thc Ellipsoid c tn l Kraxopski vi bn trc ln l a= 6378.245,00 m;
b=6356.863,0188 m; f = 1/298,300.
3. H to HN-72. H to ny s dng php chiu Gauss, kch thc
Ellipsoid c tn l Kraxopski vi bn trc ln l a= 6378.245,00 m;
b=6356.863,0188 m; f = 1/298,300. Nhng tham s nh v ca Ellipsoid khc
vi h to Pulkovo 1942.
4. H to WGS-84. H to ny s dng php chiu UTM, vi mi
chiu 60, c h s k=0,9996. Kch thc Ellipsoid WGS-84 c bn trc ln
a=6378.137,00 ; b= 6356.752,00 ; dt f = 1/ 298,257223563.
5. H to VN-2000. H to ny s dng php chiu UTM, vi mi
60 c h s k = 0,9996 ; mi chiu 30 c h s k = 0,9999. Kch thc Ellipsoid
l kch thc Ellipsoid WGS-84 c bn trc a= 6378.137,00 m; b = 6356.752,00
dt f = 1/ 298,257223563.
6. H to Indian 1954. H to ny s dng php chiu UTM, vi
mi chiu 60, h s k=0,9996. Kch thc Ellipsoid Everest 1830 c bn trc
ln a=6377.276,3452 m ; b=5356.075,4133 m; f=1/300,80170
7. H to Indian 1960. H to ny s dng php chiu UTM, vi
mi chiu 60, h s k=0,9996. Kch thc Ellipsoid Everest 1830 c bn trc
ln a=6377.276,3452 m ; b=5356.075,4133 m; f=1/300,80170.
8. H to Indian for Thailand and Vietnam. H to ny s dng
php chiu UTM, vi mi chiu 60, h s k=0,9996. Kch thc Ellipsoid
Everest 1830 ging vi kch thc ca h Indian 1960 nhng c cc tham s
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nh v Ellipsoid khc. C bn trc ln a=6377.276,3452 m ; b=5356.075,4133

m; f=1/300,80170.
Nh trn ta thy c cc h to c cng kch thc Ellipsoid, cng php
chiu nhng khc nhau cc tham s nh v:
- H to Pulkovo 1942 v h to HN-72
- H to WGS84 v h to VN2000
- H to Indian 1954, Indian 1960 v Indian for Thailand and Vietnam
kt thc chng ti thy cn nhn mnh 4 im c bn sau:
1- Cng mt v tr trn tri t theo cc h quy chiu khc nhau s c gi
tr khc nhau v to a l.
2- Trong cng h quy chiu nhng khc php chiu th s c to vung
gc khc nhau.
3- Trong cng h quy chiu, cng php chiu nu ly kinh tuyn trung
tm khc nhau cng s c cc gi tr to khc nhau.
4- Trong cng h quy chiu, cng php chiu, cng kinh tuyn trung tm
nhng s dng h s k khc nhau th cng s c cc gi tr to khc nhau.
C. CHNG TRNH "UHN"
y l chng trnh chuyn i h to UTM v h to HN-72.
Chng trnh do cc GS trng i hc M-a cht thnh lp.
1. File s liu: c hai dng l file s liu dng to vung gc X, Y v
file s liu to trc a B, L.
Hng th nht ghi kinh tuyn trung tm ca h to ngun, v h to
ch cn chuyn i. Gia hai h cch nhau 1 khong trng. Gia , pht giy
ca kinh tuyn trung tm c 1 khong trng.
Cc hng tip theo l tn ca cc im cn chuyn i to . Mi im 1
chim mt hng. Tn im khng qu 4 k t
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Cc hng tip nu l to phng vung gc th mi hng c 3 ct. Cc

ct cch nhau 1 khong trng. Ct th nht l s th t. Ct th 2 dng l gi tr
X, Ct th 3 l gi tr Y. Gi tr X, Y gia phn nguyn v phn s thp phn
cch nhau bng du chm ( . )
Nu l to trc a B, L th mi hng c 7 ct. Cc ct cch nhau 1
khong trng. Ct th nht l s th t. Ct th 2, 3, 4 l gi tr , pht, giy
ca v B. Ct th 5, 6, 7 l gi tr , pht, giy ca kinh tuyn L. Gia phn
nguyn v thp phn ca giy cch nhau bng du chm ( . )
Nh vy c cng thc:
s hng ca file s liu = 2 x s im + 1
2. Cc kiu chuyn i to
Chng trnh thit k cc kiu chuyn i to :
- Chuyn i h to HN-72 sang h to Indian 1960 (UTM) v
ngc li. Vi hai dng to X, Y v B, L
- Chuyn i to cng h to nhng khc dng to . T B, L sang
X, Y hoc ngc li.
- Chuyn i to cng h to , cng dng to X, Y nhng khc
kinh tuyn trung tm. Cng dng to X, Y
Do khi chy chng trnh s ua ra la chn 4 mc:
- La chn dng to u vo l X, Y hay B, L;
- La chn dng to u ra l X, Y hay B, L;
- La chn H to u vo l HN-72 hay UTM
- La chn H to u ra l HN-72 hay UTM
Cn kinh tuyn trung tm c xc nh file s liu ri.
Nh vy ta c th c 14 cp la chn tng ng nh sau:
1. X, Y h HN-72 X, Y h UTM
2. X, Y h HN-72 B, L h UTM
3. X, Y

h HN-72 X, Y h HN-72 (khc kinh tuyn trung tm)

4. X, Y h HN-72 B, L h HN-72
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11

5. B, L

h HN-72

B, L h UTM

6. B, L

h HN-72

X,Y h UTM

7. B, L

h HN-72

X, Y h HN-72

8. X, Y h UTM X, Y h HN-72
9. X, Y h UTM B, L h HN-72
10. X, Y

h UTM X, Y h UTM

( khc kinh tuyn trung tm)

11. X, Y h UTM B, L h UTM

12. B, L

h UTM

B, L h HN-72

13. B, L

h UTM

X,Y h HN-72

14. B, L

h UTM

X, Y h UTM

3. Trnh t thc hin

- Chun b file s liu c th son tho trong Notepad, Excel, hay trong
bt c son tho no dng *.TXT
- Trong Explore ca Window , a con tr n file UHN.EXE n phm
Enter.
- Chng trnh chy v yu cu vo tn file s liu du vo, t tn file s
liu u ra.
- Chn dng to cho u vo, nu chn dng X, Y bm s 1 v n
phm Enter ; Nu chn dng B, L bm s 2 v n phm Enter .
- Chn dng to cho u ra, nu chn dng X, Y bm s 1 v n phm
Enter ; Nu chn dng B, L bm s 2 v n phm Enter.
- Chn h to cho u vo, nu chn h HN-72 th bm s 1 v n
phm Enter; Nu chn h UTM bm s 2 v n phm Enter.
- Chn h to cho u ra, nu chn h HN-72 th bm s 1 v n phm
Enter; Nu chn h UTM bm s 2 v n phm Enter.
- Vo s im cn chuyn to v n phm Enter, chng trnh hon
tt. Lu chng trnh cho php ti a l 99 im. Nu s lng im nhiu
hn th chia thnh nhiu files s liu.
Mun xem s liu kt qu th c th c Notepad, Excel ......
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12

D. CHNG TRNH "GEOTOOL 1.2"

y l chng trnh chuyn i to c 3 m un: trans, BLtrans,
Czone chuyn i tng im theo phng php gii tch.
Phn mm ny c 3 chng trnh, mi chng trnh l mt modun c lp
STT

Tn chng trnh

Coordinate Transfer

Chc nng
Chuyn i cc gi tr ta t HN-72,
WGS-84 sang VN-2000

Change Zone

Chuyn i cc gi tr ta t mi chiu ny
sang mi chiu khc.

BL Transr

Chuyn i cc gi tr to trc a sang ta

phng v ngc li

Cn ch rng chuyn i to HN-72 sang to VN2000, trong phn

mm ny c chnh l, sa cha cc sai st khi xy dng h thng to HN72 v ch cho php chuyn to cc im nm trn lnh th Vit Nam.
Chng trnh Trans chuyn i to HN-72 sang h to VN-2000
v chuyn i h to WGS-84 v h to VN-2000 ngc li. ( im cn
ch trong chng trnh ny c mt nhnh chuyn i to vung gc
WGS84 sang to VN-2000 c li k thut b sai khong 200 mt, khng s
dng )
Chng trnh BL trans chuyn i to a l B, L sang to vung
gc X, Y v ngc li.
Chng trnh Czone chuyn i to vung gc X, Y t mi chiu
ny qua mi chiu khc , hoc thay i kinh tuyn trung tm.
Cc chng trnh ny c ti liu hng dn chi tit, bi ging ny
chng ti ch xin ch v nh dng s liu u vo. C hai dng s liu u
vo l dng to vung gc X, Y v dng to a l B, L, H

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13

Dng ta vung gc X, Y gm 4 ct. C bao nhiu im cn tnh

chuyn i th c by nhiu hng. Trt t cc ct nh sau: Ct s th t im,
ct tn im, ct gi tr to X, ct gi tr to Y. Cc ct cch nhau mt tab.
Ct gi tr X, Y gm hai phn: phn s nguyn v phn s thp phn. Gia
phn s nguyn v thp phn cch nhau mt du chm ( . ) ; Bt buc phi c
phn thp phn, nu khng c th phi in s khng ( 0 ). Phn nguyn ca gi
tr X phi c 7 ch s, nu cc tnh pha nam ch c 6 ch s th in s khng
( 0 ) trc. Phn s nguyn ca gi tr Y gm 6 ch s.
Dng to a l B, L, H gm 5 ct. C bao nhiu im cn tnh
chuyn i th c by nhiu hng. Trt t cc ct nh sau: Ct s th t im,
ct tn im, ct gi tr to B, ct gi tr to L, ct gi tr cao H. Cc
ct cch nhau mt tab. Ct v B, kinh L c n v l , pht, giy. Gia
, pht, giy c vit lin tc. Phn giy v s l ca giy c cch nhau bi
du chm ( . ), phn l ca giy l bt buc, nu khng c th in s khng ( 0 )
Gi tr nguyn ca pht, giy phi vit hai ch s, nu thiu th in s khng
( 0 ) trc. Gi tr ca v tuyn phi vit hai ch s, cc tnh pha nam
nu ch c 1 ch s th phi in s khng ( 0 ) trc. Gi tri ca kinh
tuyn phi vit 3 ch s. cao c n v l mt; gia phn nguyn v phn
thp phn c du chm ( . ) ; nu khng c th phi in s khng ( 0 ).

E. CHNG TRNH "MTM"

Chng trnh chuyn tng lp i tng bao gm i tng im,
ng, vng, text. Chng ny c ti liu hng dn chi tit, tuy nhin theo
hng dn ti liu ny cha th tc hin c, y chng ti xin trnh by
mt s im m ti liu cha cp n.
1. im u tin l bn cn ct gi ti liu gc vo mt th mc bo
qun. V sau khi chuyn i th kt qu ghi ln file c. Hay ni cch khc file
c khng cn c bo ton trong qu trnh chuyn i.

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2. Xc nh h to hin thi ca bn l h to HN-72 hay VN-2000

tham gia vo vic chuyn i.
Theo ti liu hng dn th cn chuyn i v h to Non-Earth,
nhng nu bn lm nh vy s khng thc hin c cc bc tip theo. Chng
ti xin cung cp cho bn file " Mapinfow.prj " v thc hin cc bc sau:
Bn ct file " Mapinfow.prj " gc ca chng trnh Mapinfo vo mt thu
mc khc bo qun v ghi file "Mapinfow.prj" chng ti cung cp ln file
gc v ghi file ny vo th mc "MapXDll" ca chng trnh.
Sau khi thc hin php chuyn i File mi ny c c im l to
chuyn sang h to mi nhng projection vn xc nh l h to c.
Trong khi chng trnh MTM cha c b sung, chng ti xut x l
nh sau:
- S dng chng trnh Mapinfo exprot file chuyn i t dng
*.TAB sang file dng *.MIF
- S dng chng trnh Notepat s mt s tham s trong file dng
*.MIF c tham s ph hp vi projection tng ng.
- S dng chng trnh Mapinfo improt file dng *.MIF v file
dng *.TAB.
Qua ba bc x l nh trn chng ta c file mi c tr to v
projection ph hp cng h to mong mun.

F. CNG C CHUYN I UTVN

Chng ti xin gii thiu cng c chuyn i to " UTVN" nhm gii
quyt vic chuyn i cc h to c php chiu UTM ang c s dng
Vit Nam v h to VN-2000.
Cng c ny c 3 phn:
- Xy dng file "Mapinfow.prj" s dng trong chng trnh Mapinfo v
chng trnh gc ( nguyn bn) khng c h to vung gc Indian 1960,

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15

Indian 1954, Indian Thailand Vietnam; khng c h to HN-72, h to

VN-2000.
- Cung cp quy trnh tnh chuyn cc h to php chiu UTM s
dng Vit Nam v h to VN-2000 trn c s chng trnh Geotool 1.2 v
chng trnh Mainfo .
- Cung cp bn v c hin th cc s chuyn i to ti cc gc t bn
1/100.000 c s hiu quy c theo h thng UTM. Nhn y c so snh vi
kt qu chuyn i theo mt cch khc m a phn cc ng nghip thc
hin v kin ngh gii php thc hin.
I. C s l lun
1. S tng qut
Trc khi chng ti c gii php chuyn to t UTM v VN2000
c mt s Nh Trc a s dng gii php c m hinh nh sau:

UTM

UHN

HN-72

Geotool 1.2

VN2000

( Indian 1960)

Khi s dng m hnh ny mc phi sai s do:

- Chng trnh UHN l chng trnh gn ng chuyn i to UTM
v h to HN-72.
- Chng trnh Geotool 1.2 l chng trnh c Tng cc a chnh
ban hnh. Chng trnh ny xy dng trn c s chuyn i h to HN-72
sang h to VN2000 c sa cha cc sai st ca h to HN-72.
Theo kho st thc nghim ca chng ti th sai lch chuyn i theo m
hnh ny khong 15 30 mt tu tng vng t Bc xung Nam.
Sau khi nghin cu v tm hiu thc t chng ti tm ra gii php da
trn c s ca hai phn mm Geotool 1.2 ca Tng cc a chnh v Mapinfo

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16

x l xc nh cc s hiu chnh thc hin cng tc chuyn i cc h to

Indian 1954, Indian 1960, Indian for Thailan sang h ta VN-2000 phc
v sn xut v qun l.
Gii php c m hnh tng qut sau:
Indian 1960
Mapinfo*

VN -2000
Geotoon 1.2
Indian 1954

Mapinfo *

WGS 84

Mapinfo*

Mi 60

Mi 30

TW

Mapinfo*

Indian Thailan

Mapinfo* c s dng fife Mapinfow.prj c bin son theo ti liu

hng dn ca Phn mm.
2. Phn mm Geotool 1.2 ca Tng cc a chnh
Phn mm ny c 3 chng trnh, mi chng trnh l mt modun c lp
y chng ti ch s dng m hnh :
Geotool 1.2
WGS 84 ( B, L )

http://www.ebook.edu.vn

VN2000 ( B, L )

17

3. Phn mm Mapinfo
Phn mm Mapinfo rt thun li chuyn i mt s h thng to

To vung gc h
Indian 1954, Indian 1960
Indian for Thailan and Vietnam
Mapinfow.prj gc
H quy chiu v h to

Mapinfow. prj bin tp

chuyn i thun tin

theo hng dn ti liu ca Chng trnh

WGS-84

- H quy chiu HN-72

cho mi 60 v 30
- H quy chiu VN2000
cho TW v cc tnh

Phn mm ny c file tn l Mapinfow.prj iu khin vic s dng

h quy chiu, v h to trong phin bn gc:
- Khng c h to phng cho h to Indian 1954, Indian 1960,
Indian for Thailan and Vietnam.
- Khng c h quy chiu ca HN-72 v VN-2000
4. Xy dng File "Mapinfow.prj"
Chng ti xut mt phin bn file Mapinfow.prj c s dng
lm c s ng dng h to VN-2000 v h to HN-72 trong chng
trnh Mapinfo (xem phn ph lc File Mapinfo.prj do chng ti xut)

http://www.ebook.edu.vn

18

Phin bn ny c xy dng trn c s nghin cu v cc h thng to

c s dng trong Chng trnh Mapinfo c cc thng s c bn sau:

Pukovo 1942
KT E: Krasopski
V E: Pulkovo
B,L ->X,Y:
Php chiu Gauss
M s: 1001

WGS 84
KT E: WGS-84
V E: Quc t
BL -> X,Y
Php chiu: UTM
M s: 104

Indian 1960
KT E: Everest 1830
VE: n
B,L -> X,Y
Php chiu: UTM
M s: 131

Indian 1954

VN-2000

HN-72
KT E: Krasopski
V E: Vit Nam
B,L -> X,Y
Php chiu Gauss
M s: 1001

KT E: WGS-84
V E: Vit Nam
B,L - > X,Y
Php chiu UTM
M s: 104

KT E: Everest 1830
VE: Nam
B,L - > X,Y
Php chiu UTM
M s: 130
Indian for Thailand
KT E: Everest 1830
VE: Thi Lan
B,L -> X,Y
Php chiu
UTM
M s: 40

Trong phn mm Mapinfo, nm h to trong k nt lin m c th

chuyn i qua li vi nhau.
Trong phn mm Mapinfo, hai h to trong k nt t ch chuyn i
t h to B, L sang h to X,Y v ngc li; chuyn t mi chiu ny qua
mi chiu khc, kinh tuyn trung tm ny sang kinh tuyn trung tm khc, trong
ni b h quy chiu .
File Mapinfow.prj iu khin h quy chiu, php chiu v cc
thng s c trng ca h to . y xin gii thiu v cch xy dng file
Mapinfow v cc thng s k thut ca n:
- i vi h to trc a :
"Longitude / Latitude (WGS 84)\p4326", 1, 104

Cc ch trong l dng gii thch l to kinh v h quy chiu WGS84

http://www.ebook.edu.vn

19

S 104 ch m s ca kch thc, nh v Ellipsoid ca h quy chiu WGS84

- i vi h to phng vung gc:
"UTM Zone 48 (WGS 84)\p32647", 8, 104, 7, 105, 0, 0.9996, 500000, 0

Cc ch trong

l dng ch gii thch cho bit h quy chiu WGS84,

php chiu UTM, mi chiu th 48

S 8 : ch php hnh tr nm ngang ng gc
S 104: ch m s ca kch thc, nh v Ellipsoid ca h quy chiu WGS 84
S 7: ch n v chiu di l mt.
S 105: cho bit kinh tuyn trung tm l 1050
S 0 : cho bit v tuyn chun l 00
S 0.9996 : Cho bit h s k=0.9996
S 500000: cho bit honh ca im gc
S 0 : cho bit tung ca im gc .
Vi phn mm Mapinfo c phin bn Mapinfow.prj xy dng (xem
phn ph lc) c th chuyn i c mt s h to di y:
- Chuyn i to trc a B, L sang to trc a B, L gia cc h
Pulkovo 1942, Indian 1960, Indian 1954, Indian Thailan, WGS-84
- Chuyn i gia to a l B, L v to phng X, Y v ngc li
trong cc h Pulkovo 1942, Indian 1954, Indian 1960, Indian Thailan, WGS- 84
- Chuyn i to phng X, Y sang to phng X, Y gia cc h
Pulkovo 1942, Indian1954, Indian 1960, Indian Thailan, WGS-84
- Chuyn i to trc a B,L sang to phng X,Y v ngc li;
Chuyn i to phng X,Y t mi chiu ny qua mi chiu khc trong h
to HN-72.
- Chuyn i to trc a B,L sang to phng X,Y v ngc li;
Chuyn i to phng X,Y t mi chiu ny qua mi chiu khc. Chuyn i
to Trung ng v to a phng trong h to VN-2000
5. Quy trnh chuyn i to

http://www.ebook.edu.vn

20

 chuyn i cc h to vung gc X, Y c php chiu UTM ( h to

Indian 1954, Indian 1960, Indian for Thailand and Vietnam, WGS 84 , t nay
gi chung l h UTM) v h to VN2000 c th thc hin theo quy trnh sau:
S quy trnh tnh i t cc h c php chiu UTM v h to VN2000
H A X,Y *.TXT
Excel

Mapinfo

H A X,Y *.DBF

Mapinfo
H A X,Y

*.TAB

Excel
WGS84 BL *.DBF

WGS84 BL

*.TAB

Geotool 1.2
WGS84 BL *TXT

VN2000 BL

*.RPT

Excel
Mapinfo
VN2000 BL *.DBF

Mapinfo

VN2000 BL *.TAB

VN2000 X,Y

*.TAB

a. S dng bt c phn mm no c th to file vn bn dng *.TXT

Hoc trong phn mm Excel vo to cc im cn chuyn i theo h to
UTM (gi chung l h A ) nh ghi dng *.DBF.
b. Trong chng trnh Mapinfo m file *.DBF chuyn sang nh dng
*.TAB v xc nh projection theo to u vo.
c. Chuyn i projection v to a l B, L h WGS84 v update to
ny. Gi tr kinh v nhn theo n v v thp phn ca .
d. Trong phn mm Excel m file dng *.DBF cp nht sang dng *.TXT
dng text (MS-DOS) v cn chuyn i theo cu trc d liu ca chng trnh
Geotool 1.2 v , kinh i ra n v , pht, giy v ghi cao l 0.00
e. Trong chng trnh Geotool 1.2 s dng m un chuyn to trc a
B, L WGS84 v to B, L VN2000.
f. Trong phn mm Excel m file kt qu chuyn i v chuyn v dng
*.DBF , ch n v v , kinh theo n v , thng nht ly s l 8 ch
s thp phn.
http://www.ebook.edu.vn

21

g. Trong chng trnh Mapinfo m file *.DBF v nh dng *.tab, xc

nh projection l to a l B, L trong h to VN2000
h. Chuyn projection sang h to vung gc vi tu chn kinh tuyn
trung tm, mi chiu. update s liu to vung gc X, Y theo projection
chn. C th la chn hoc kt xut ra cc dng *.MIF ... tu la chn.
6. S dng bn v c sn chuyn i to
Vi quy trnh nu trn, nhiu ngi kh thc hin. Chng ti xy dng
05 bn v thun li cho vic chuyn i to cho mi chiu 60 vi kinh
tuyn trung tm l 1050 v 1110 . Trn c s phn chia t bn t l 1/100.000
vi s hiu bn theo quy c UTM cho ton th lnh th Vit Nam. Ti 4 gc
t bn 1/100.000 tnh s gia to gia hai h to VN 2000 v cc h to
c php chiu UTM.
Chng ti cng tnh ton xc nh s sai lch gia h to Indian
1960 v to Indian Thailan and Vietnam chnh lch khng ln ( Khng qu
5-6 mt ). Chng ti cng tnh ton ch ra s sai khc to gia hai phng
php chuyn i t to Indian 1960 v to VN2000 c sai khc ng k
ti 25 - 30 mt, cn c quan tm x l ng mc. Theo kt qu nghin cu v
kim chng thc a, chng ti thy rng kt qu theo m hnh chng ti
xy dng c kt qu tin cy hn.
Nm bn v chng ti thnh lp l:
1. S hiu chnh chuyn i to Indian 1960 v VN-2000 cho kinh
tuyn trung tm 1050 v 1110 mi chiu 60.
2. S hiu chnh chuyn i to Indian 1960 v Indian Thailan Vietnam cho kinh tuyn trung tm 1050 v 1110 mi chiu 60.
3. S hiu chnh chuyn i to Indian Thailan - Vietnam v VN-2000
cho kinh tuyn trung tm 1050 v 1110 mi chiu 60.
4. S hiu chnh chuyn i to WGS 84 v VN-2000 cho kinh tuyn
trung tm 1050 v 1110 mi chiu 60
http://www.ebook.edu.vn

22

5. Sai lch gia hai phng php chuyn to t Indian 1960 v VN2000 cho kinh tuyn trung tm 1050 v 1110 mi chiu 60.
Mc sai lch gi tr gia s cc gc bn v t l 1/100.000 khng ln
hn 1 mt.
S dng cc bn v ny trong cng tc chuyn i rt n gin v c
hng dn ngay trn bn v.
C th s dng trong cng tc chuyn i to cho mt s lnh vc sau:
- Trong cng tc sn xut, nghin cu a cht khi thnh lp cc bn t
l 1/10.000, 1/5.000.
- Trong cng tc qun l hot ng khong sn chuyn i bn , to
ranh gii khu vc hot ng khong sn trc y theo h to UTM
( Indian 1960) v to VN-2000.
- Trong cng tc kho st phc v cho iu tra cc ngnh kinh t quc dn
nh lm nghip, giao thng, thu li, ... cho bn t l 1/10.000, 1/5.000
Trong qu trnh nghin cu chng ti hng dn mt s n v trong
v ngoi Cc a cht v Khong sn Vit Nam s dng thnh qu ny nh:
Phng Khong sn, Phng Chnh sch Khong sn, Lin on Bn a cht
min Bc, Lin on Bn a cht min Nam, Lin on a cht X him,
S Ti nguyn v Mi trng tnh Hi Dng, S Ti nguyn v Mi trng
tnh Bnh Thun, Cng ty a cht M Cm Ph (Tng cng ty Than Vit Nam),
Cng ty a cht v Khong sn (Tng cng ty Khong sn Vit Nam), Cng ty
M (Tng cng ty Ho cht), Cng ty Kho st v Xy dng ( B Xy dng).
Trong qu trnh trin khai cc n v u c nhn xt tt v thy c hiu qu
thit thc.
H Ni, thng 6 nm 2006
KS Trc a Nguyn ng Hng

http://www.ebook.edu.vn

23

Ti liu tham kho

1.

Bo co khoa hc : Xy dng H quy chiu v H thng im to

Quc gia do Tng cc a chnh thnh lp, GS.TSKH ng Hng V T.ban

2. Thng t 973/2001/TT-TCC , ngy 20 thng 6 nm 2001 ca Tng
cc a chnh v vic Hng dn p dng h quy chiu v h to quc gia
VN-2000.
3. Quyt nh s 218/Q-TCC ngy 22 thng 6 nm 2001 ca Tng cc
a chnh ban hnh phn mm tnh chuyn t h to HN-72 sang h to
VN-2000 c km theo bn hng dn v phn mm s dng
4. Phn mm Mapinfo ca hng Mapinfo sn xut, c km theo sch
hng dn.
5. Gio trnh Cng ngh GPS do GS.TSKH. Phm Hong Ln Trng
i hc M - a cht bin son, ging dy lp cao hc chuyn ngnh.
6. Phn mm chuyn i to UHN ca GS.TSKH Phm Hong Ln
trng i hc M a cht.
7. Cc loi my GPS cm tay v sch hng dn

http://www.ebook.edu.vn

24

PH LC
I. File " Mapinfow.prj " trong chng trnh Mapinfo
"--- Longitude / Latitude ---"
"Longitude / Latitude", 1, 0
"Longitude / Latitude (Indian for Thailand, Vietnam)", 1, 40
"Longitude / Latitude (WGS 60)", 1, 101
"Longitude / Latitude (WGS 66)", 1, 102
"Longitude / Latitude (WGS 72)\p4322", 1, 103
"Longitude / Latitude (WGS 84)\p4326", 1, 104
"Longitude / Latitude (Indian 1954)", 1, 130
"Longitude / Latitude (Indian 1960)", 1, 131
"Longitude / Latitude (Indian 1975)", 1, 132
"Longitude / Latitude (Indonesian 1974)", 1, 133
"Longitude / Latitude (Pulkovo 1942)\p4284", 1, 1001
"--- Non-Earth ---"
"Non-Earth (inches)", 0, 2
"Non-Earth (feet)", 0, 3
"Non-Earth (yards)", 0, 4
"Non-Earth (miles)", 0, 0
"Non-Earth (millimeters)", 0, 5
"Non-Earth (centimeters)", 0, 6
"Non-Earth (meters)", 0, 7
"Non-Earth (kilometers)", 0, 1
"--- Projections of the World ---"
"Mercator", 10, 62, 7, 0
"--- HN-72 su dung noi bo ---"
"HN-72 KT 102", 8, 1001, 7, 102, 0, 1, 500000, 0
"HN-72 KT 105", 8, 1001, 7, 105, 0, 1, 500000, 0

http://www.ebook.edu.vn

25

"HN-72 KT 106.5", 8, 1001, 7, 106.5, 0, 1, 500000, 0

"HN-72 KT 108", 8, 1001, 7, 108, 0, 1, 500000, 0
"HN-72 KT 111", 8, 1001, 7, 111, 0, 1, 500000, 0
"HN-72 KT 114", 8, 1001, 7, 114, 0, 1, 500000, 0
"--- Gauss-Kruger (Pulkovo 1942) ---"
"GK Zone 17 (Pulkovo 1942)\p28417", 8, 1001, 7, 99, 0, 1, 17500000, 0
"GK Zone 18 (Pulkovo 1942)\p28418", 8, 1001, 7, 105, 0, 1, 18500000, 0
"GK Zone 19 (Pulkovo 1942)\p28419", 8, 1001, 7, 111, 0, 1, 19500000, 0
"GK Zone 20 (Pulkovo 1942)\p28420", 8, 1001, 7, 117, 0, 1, 20500000, 0
"--- VN-2000 su dung noi bo ---"
"VN-2000 KT 105 mui 6", 8, 104, 7, 105, 0, 0.9996, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 KT 111 mui 6", 8, 104, 7, 111, 0, 0.9996, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 KT 117 mui 6", 8, 104, 7, 117, 0, 0.9996, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 KT 102 mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 102, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 KT 105 mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 105, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 KT 108 mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 108, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 KT 111 mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 111, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 KT 114 mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 114, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 KT 117 mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 117, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 KT 103 mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 103, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 KT 104 mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 104, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 KT 104.5 mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 104.5, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 KT 104.5 mui 3 k=0.9996", 8, 104, 7, 104.5, 0, 0.9996, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 KT 104.5 mui 3 k=1", 8, 104, 7, 104.5, 0, 1, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 KT 104.75 mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 104.75, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 KT 105 mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 105, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 KT 105.5 mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 105.5, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
http://www.ebook.edu.vn

26

"VN-2000 KT 105.75 mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 105.75, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0

"VN-2000 KT 106 mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 106, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 KT 106.25 mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 106.25, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 KT 106.5 mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 106.5, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 KT 107 mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 107, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 KT 107.25 mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 107.25, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 KT 107.5 mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 107.5, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 KT 107.75 mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 107.75, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 KT 108 mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 108, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 KT 108.25 mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 108.25, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 KT 108.5 mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 108.5, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 An Giang mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 104.75, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Ba Ria - Vung Tau mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 107.75, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Bac Lieu mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 105, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Bac Ninh mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 105.5, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Bac Kan mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 106.5, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Bac Giang mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 107, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Ben Tre mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 105.75, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Binh Duong mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 105.75, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Binh Dinh mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 108.25, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Binh Phuoc mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 106.25, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Binh Thuan mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 108.5, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Cao Bang mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 105.75, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Ca Mau mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 104.5, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Can Tho mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 105, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Da Nang mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 107.75, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Dac Lac mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 108.5, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Dong Nai mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 107.75, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
http://www.ebook.edu.vn

27

"VN-2000 Dong Thap mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 105, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0

"VN-2000 Gia Lai mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 108.5, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Ha Noi mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 105, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Ha Giang mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 105.5, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Ha Nam mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 105, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Ha Tinh mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 105.5, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Ha Tay mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 105, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Hai Duong mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 105.5, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Hai Phong mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 105.75, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Hoa Binh mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 106, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Ho Chi Minh mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 105.75, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Hung Yen mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 105.5, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Khanh Hoa mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 108.25, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Kien Giang mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 104.5, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Kon Tum mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 107.5, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Lai Chau mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 103, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Lao Cai mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 104.75, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Lang Son mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 107.25, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Lam Dong mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 107.75, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Long An mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 105.75, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Nam Dinh mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 105.5, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Ninh Binh mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 105, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Ninh Thuan mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 108.25, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Nghe An mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 104.75, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Phu Tho mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 104.75, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Phu Yen mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 108.5, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Quang Binh mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 106, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Quang Nam mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 107.75, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
http://www.ebook.edu.vn

28

"VN-2000 Quang Ngai mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 108, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0

"VN-2000 Quang Ninh mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 107.75, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Quang Tri mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 106.25, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Soc Trang mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 105.5, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Son La mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 104, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Tay Ninh mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 105.5, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Thai Binh mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 105.5, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Thai Nguyen mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 106.5, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Thanh Hoa mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 105, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Thua Thien - Hue mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 107, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Tien Giang mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 105.75, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Tra Vinh mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 105.5, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Tuyen Quang mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 106, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Vinh Long mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 105.5, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Vinh Phuc mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 105, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"VN-2000 Yen Bai mui 3", 8, 104, 7, 104.75, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0
"--- Indian 1954 ---"
"Indian 1954 KT 105 mui 6", 8, 130, 7, 105, 0, 0.9996, 500000, 0
"Indian 1954 KT 111 mui 6", 8, 130, 7, 111, 0, 0.9996, 500000, 0
"Indian 1954 KT 117 mui 6", 8, 130, 7, 117, 0, 0.9996, 500000, 0
"--- Indian 1960 ---"
"Indian 1960 KT 105 mui 6", 8, 131, 7, 105, 0, 0.9996, 500000, 0
"Indian 1960 KT 108 mui 6", 8, 131, 7, 108, 0, 0.9996, 500000, 0
"Indian 1960 KT 111 mui 6", 8, 131, 7, 111, 0, 0.9996, 500000, 0
"Indian 1960 KT 117 mui 6", 8, 131, 7, 117, 0, 0.9996, 500000, 0
"--- Indian Thailand and Vietnam ---"
"Indian ThaiViet KT 99 mui 6", 8, 40, 7, 99, 0, 0.9996, 500000, 0
"Indian ThaiViet KT 105 mui 6", 8, 40, 7, 105, 0, 0.9996, 500000, 0
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"Indian ThaiViet KT 111 mui 6", 8, 40, 7, 111, 0, 0.9996, 500000, 0

"Indian ThaiViet KT 117 mui 6", 8, 40, 7, 117, 0, 0.9996, 500000, 0
"--- Universal Transverse Mercator (WGS 84) ---"
"UTM Zone 47 (WGS 84)\p32647", 8, 104, 7, 99, 0, 0.9996, 500000, 0
"UTM Zone 48 (WGS 84)\p32648", 8, 104, 7, 105, 0, 0.9996, 500000, 0
"UTM Zone 49 (WGS 84)\p32649", 8, 104, 7, 111, 0, 0.9996, 500000, 0
"UTM Zone 50 (WGS 84)\p32650", 8, 104, 7, 117, 0, 0.9996, 500000, 0
"--- Universal Transverse Mercator (WGS 72) ---"
"UTM Zone 47 (WGS 72)\p32647", 8, 103, 7, 99, 0, 0.9996, 500000, 0
"UTM Zone 48 (WGS 72)\p32648", 8, 103, 7, 105, 0, 0.9996, 500000, 0
"UTM Zone 49 (WGS 72)\p32649", 8, 103, 7, 111, 0, 0.9996, 500000, 0
"UTM Zone 50 (WGS 72)\p32650", 8, 103, 7, 117, 0, 0.9996, 500000, 0

"--- Mot so he toa do ca biet (WGS 84) ---"

"KT 102, k=1", 8, 104, 7, 102, 0, 1, 500000, 0
"KT 105, k=1", 8, 104, 7, 105, 0, 1, 500000, 0
"KT 108, k=1", 8, 104, 7, 108, 0, 1, 500000, 0
"KT 111, k=1", 8, 104, 7, 111, 0, 1, 500000, 0
"KT 105.5, k=0.9999", 8, 104, 7, 105.5, 0, 0.9999, 500000, 0

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II. S dng my GPS cm tay

Cc my GPS cm tay loi ph thng nh Garmin XL 12 hoc tng
ng, khng c h to HN-72, to VN-2000. H to VN 2000 mi
tnh li c mt kinh tuyn trung tm ring.
A. Xc nh to
1. Xc nh to VN-2000 c hai phng php:
a. C th s dng my GPS xc nh to h WGS-84 v bn hiu chnh
s gia to dx, dy c kt qu to VN 2000 ng vi mi chiu 60
S dng chng trnh Mapinfo vi file mapinfow.prj chng ti bin
tp chuyn v h to mi 3 0 i vi tng tnh.
Theo phng php ny c nhc im cao khng c chnh xc bi
v cha c c s hiu chnh v cao
b. C chng trnh ci t vo my GPS cm tay. Xc nh trc tip to
h VN2000 v hin th trn mn hnh. H to VN2000 vi mi 6 0 , hoc
mi 3

theo kinh tuyn trung tm ca tng a phng. Phng php ny

cao s chnh xc hn phng php 1.

kho st th nghim ti 16 tnh thnh ph: H Ni, Hi Dng, H
Ty, Lo Cai, Yn Bi, Bc Kn, Thanh Ho, Ngh An, Nng, Qung Nam,
Khnh Ho, ng Nai, Bnh Phc, Ty Ninh, TP H Ch Minh, Kin Giang.
Kt qu bc u cho thy sai lch to v cao khng qu 3 mt gia
s liu Trc a o c v my GPS, vi iu kin my GPS nhn tr o n nh
v bt c tn hiu t nht 4 v tinh.
Tuy nhin y mi ch l nhng kho st th nghim ca c nhn v ti
mi tnh cng ch kho st c mt s im hn ch.
2. Xc nh to h HN-72
i vi tnh Qung Ninh, kinh tuyn trung tm 108 0 , mi chiu 3 0.
c chng trnh ci t vo my GPS cm tay. Hin nay ang th nghim
chng trnh ci t vo my GPS xc nh trc tip v hin th trn mn
hinh h to HN-72 cho c nc.
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3. Xc nh to Lo
c chng trnh ci t vo my GPS cm tay hin th trc tip h
to Lo, phc v cho cc n v kho st iu tra a cht ni ring v kho
st iu tra ni chung trn bn t l 1/10.000. c Cng ty M thc
nghim v c kt qu tt.

III. Chng trnh chuyn i to Geotool

IV. Chng trnh chuyn i bn t h to HN-72 sang h to
VN2000
V. Tp bn v chuyn i mt s h to c php chiu UTM v
h to VN2000

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