CC DNG BI TP AXIT Dng 1: Vit ng phn gi tn Phng php: - Tnh khng no 2.

.C + 2 H = 2 - Cch gi tn Tn = Axi + tn hidrocacbon + oic V d: Vit ng phn gi tn cc axit c cng thc phn t C5H10O2 C4H6O2 Dng 2: So snh lc axit ca axit Phng php Ga s axit c dng: RCOOH -Nu R l nhm y electron th lm gim lc axit. -Nu R l nhm ht electron th lm tng lc axit. V d: Hy sp xp cc axit trong cc dy theo th t lc axit tng dn Dng 1: Bi tp v phn ng trung ho: Phng php: - Vi axit a chc: t CTTQ R(COOH)x R(COOH)x + xNaOH R(COONa)x + xH2O a ax a ax 2R(COOH)x + xBa(OH)2 R2(COO)2xBax + 2xH2O a ax/2 a/2 ax - Vi axit n chc ( x=1): t CTTQ RCOOH RCOOH + NaOH RCOONa + H2O 2RCOOH + Ba(OH)2 (RCOO)2Ba + 2H2O - Nu bi ton cho mt hay mt hn hp cc axit cacboxylic thuc cng mt dy ng ng tc dng vi NaOH theo t l mol 1:1 hoc tc dng vi dung dch Ba(OH)2 theo t l mol 2:1 th l cc axit n chc. nNaOH = ( mmui maxit)/ 22 x = nNaOH/ naxit nBa(OH)2 = (mmui maxit)/ 133 x= 2. nBa(OH)2/naxit Lu : + Nu l axit no, n chc, mch h ta c th t CTTQ l CnH2n+1COOH ( n0) hoc CmH2mO2 (m 1) + Axit fomic c phn ng trng bc do c nhm chc anehit trong phn t. + Khi lng cht rn sau phn ng: mRn = mmui + mNaOH(Ba(OH)2) V d 1: Cho 3 gam axit no n chc X tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH. C cnh dung dch sau phn ng thu c 4,1 gam mui khan.Xc nh cng thc phn t X. V d 1: Hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic A, B n chc, hn km nhau mt nguyn t cacbon. Cho 12,9g X tc dng ht vi 300ml dung dch NaHCO3 1M, c cn dung dch thu c n khi lng khng i cn li 21,05g cht rn khan. a) Xc nh CTCT thu gn ca A, B. b) Cho 12,9g hn hp X trn tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3/NH3, kt thc phn ng thu c m gam kt ta Ag. Tnh gi tr ca m. V d 2: Mt hn hp gm 2 axit cacboxylic no, n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng ca axit axetic. Ly m gam hn hp ri thm vo 75ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Sau phi dng 25ml dung dch HCl 0,2M trung ho NaOH d. Sau khi trung ho em c cn dung dch n kh thu c 1,0425g hn hp mui khan. a) Vit CTCT ca 2 axit. Gi s cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. b) Tnh gi tr ca m.

Dng 2: Bi tp v phn ng t chy: - Vi axit cacboxylic ni chung: t CTTQ CnH2n+2-2k-2xO2x CnH2n+2-2k-2xO2x +

3n + 1 k 3 x O2 n CO2 + (n+1-k-x) H2O 2

- Vi axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h: t CTTQ CnH2nO2 CnH2nO2 +

3n O2 n CO2 + n H2O 2

nCO2 = nH2O Nu bi ton cho t chy hon ton mt hn hp cc axit cacboxylic thuc cng dy ng ng thu c nCO2 = nH2O th l axit no, n chc. V d 1: Mt hn hp A gm 2 axit hu c no ( mi axit khng cha qu 2 nhm COOH) c khi lng 16g tng ng vi 0,175 mol. t chy hon ton A ri cho sn phm qua nc vi trong d, thu c 47,5g kt ta. Mt khc nu cho hn hp A tc dng va vi dung dch Na2CO3 thu c 22,6g mui. Tm CTCT v tnh khi lng mi axit trong hn hp A. V d 2: Hn hp X gm axit Y n chc v axit Z a chc ( Y, Z c cng s nguyn t cacbon). Chia X thnh hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn 1 tc dng vi Na, sinh ra 4,48lt kh H2 (ktc). t chy hon ton phn 2, sinh ra 26,4g CO2. Cng thc cu to thu gn v phn trm khi lng ca Z trong hn hp X l: A. HOOC-CH2-COOH; 70,87% B. HOOC-CH2-COOH; 54,88% C. HOOC-COOH; 60% D. HOOC-COOH; 42,86% (KB_2009) Dng 3: Bi tp v phn ng este ho: H SO RCOOH + ROH + H2O RCOOR Cu: 1 Hn hp X gm 2 axit hu c n chc, ng ng k tip. Ly m gam X em tc dng ht vi 12g Na th thu c 14,27g cht rn v 0,336 lt H2 (ktc). Cng m gam X tc dng va vi 600ml nc Br2 0,05M. Cng thc phn t ca hai axit l: A. C3H2O2 v C4H4O2. B. C3H4O2 v C4H6O2. C. C4H6O2 v C5H8O2 D. C3H6O2 v C4H8O2. Cu: 2. Trn u ancol etylic, axit axetic vo nc c 4g dung dch X. em ton b dung dch X tc dng va vi Na c m gam cht rn v 2,24 lt kh H2 (ktc). Gi tr ca m l: A. 3,54 B. 10,8 C. 8,4 D. 4,14 Cu 3: t chy hon ton 0,15 mol mt axit cacboxylic n chc, cn va V lt O2 (ktc), thu c 0,45 mol CO2 v 0,2 mol H2O. Gi tr ca V l: A. 8,96 B. 11,2 C. 6,72 D.13,44 Cu 4: Cht no sau y c tnh axit mnh nht? A. CH2Cl- CH2-COOH B. CH3-CHCl-COOH C. CH3-CH2-COOH D. CH2Br-CH2-COOH Cu 5: Hn hp X gm 2 axit hu c no, n chc. Trung ho ht 6,7g X bng dung dch NaOH ri c cn dung dch thu c 8,9g mui khan. Cn khi cho 6,7g X tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3/NH3 th thu c 10,8g Ag. Cng thc ca 2 axit l: A. HCOOH v CH3COOH B. HCOOH v C3H7COOH C. HCOOH v C2H5COOH D. HCOOCH3 v CH3COOH Cu 6: Cho 17,6 gam Cht X cng thc C4H8O2 tc dng hon ton vi 100 ml dung dch cha NaOH 1,5M v KOH 1,0M. Sau phn ng c cn thu 20 gam cht rn. Cng thc X l A. HCOO-C3H7 B. C2H5COOCH3 C. CH3COO-C2H5 D. C3H7COOH Cu 7: t chy hon ton 2,01 gam hn hp gm axit acrylic, vinyl axetat, metyl metacrylat. Ton b sn phm chy cho qua bnh 1 ng H2SO4 c thy khi lng bnh 1 tng m gam, bnh 2 ng Ca(OH) 2 d thu c 9 gam kt ta. m c gi tr l: Cu 8: Cho 3,92 gam mt este n chc X tc dng va vi 100ml KOH 0,4M thu c 6,16 gam mui Y. Axit ha Y thu c cht Z. Z c cng thc phn t l: A. C5H6O2 B. C5H8O3 C. C6H12O2 D. C6H12O3 Cu 9: (TSH B 2010) Hn hp Z gm hai axit cacboxylic n chc X v Y (M X > MY) c tng khi lng l 8,2 gam. Cho Z tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, thu c dung dch cha 11,5 gam mui.
2 4

Mt khc, nu cho Z tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3, thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Cng thc v phn trm khi lng ca X trong Z l A. C3H5COOH v 54,88%. B. C2H3COOH v 43,90%. C. C2H5COOH v 56,10%. D. HCOOH v 45,12%. Cu 10: Hn hp X gm 2 axit cacboxylic no, n chc A,B. Cho 26,8 gam Xho tan hon ton vo nc ri chia lm 2 phn bng nhau: - Phn 1: Phn ng ht vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 ly d, thu c 21,6 gam Ag kim loi. - Phn 2: Cn ng 100 ml dung dch KOH 2M trung ho. Tm 2 axit.

Cu 11: Hn hp A gm 1 axit v 2 andehit, c 3 u no, n chc. Ly m gam A tc dng ht vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 c 54g Ag. Dng 2m gam A tc dng vi lng d dung dch Na2CO3 thu c 0,616 lt CO2. Mt khc phi dng 10,472 lt oxi mi t chy ht m gam A. Lng axit sau trng bc c th trung ho c 150 ml dung dch KOH 0,5M. Hy cho bit CTPT, CTCT ca cc cht trong A. Bit cc V kh o 27,30C v p sut 1 atm. H = 100%. Cu 12: A l mt hn hp cc cht hu c gm mt parafin, mt ru n chc v mt axit hu c n chC.t chy hon m gam hn hp A bng mt lng khng kh va (khng kh gm 20% Oxi v 80% Nit theo th tch.. Cho cc cht sau phn ng chy hp th vo bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 lng d. C 125,44 lt mt kh tr thot ra (ktC.v khi lng bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH)2 tng thm 73,6 gam. Tr s ca m l: A. 37,76 gam B. Khng d kin tnh C. 25,2 gam D. 28,8 gam Cu 13: Mt hh x gm 2 axit cacboxylic no A , B c s nguyn t C hn km nhau 1 .Nu trung ha 14,64g X bng 1 lng NaOH va th thu c 20,36g hh Y gm 2 mui .Nu lm bay hi 14,4g X th chim th tch l 8,9l ( o 2730C , 1atm ) Trong 2 axit A , B phi c: a . Hai axit u n chc b. Hai axit u a chc c. Mt axit n chc,1 axit a chc d. Cha khng nh c Cu 14: Hn hp X gm axit axetic, axit fomic v axit oxalic. Khi cho m gam X tc dng vi NaHCO3 d th thu c 15,68 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Mt khc, t chy hon ton m gam X cn 8,96 lt kh O 2 (ktc), thu c 35,2 gam CO2 v y mol H2O. Gi tr ca y l A. 0,8. B. 0,3. C. 0,6. D. 0,2. Cu 15 : Cho 13,8 gam glixerol phn ng vi axit hu c n chc B, ch thu c cht hu c E c khi lng bng 1,18 ln khi lng ca glixerol ban u; hiu sut phn ng l 73,35%. C bao nhiu cng thc cu to ph hp vi E? A. 3 B. 5 C. 2 D. 4 Cu 16: Cho 4 mol axit axetic tc dng vi hn hp cha 0,5 mol glixerol v 1 mol etilenglicol (xc tc H2SO4). Tnh khi lng sn phm thu c ngoi nc bit rng c 50% axit v 80% mi ancol phn ng. A. 312 g B. 156,7 g C. 170,4 g D. 176,5 g Cu 17: t chy hon ton x gam cht hu c Z (cha C, H, O) thu c a gam CO2 v b gam nc. Bit rng 3a = 11b v 11x = 3a +11b v t khi ca Z so vi khng kh nh hn 3. Vy CTPT ca Z l A. C3H4O2 B. C3H8O C. C3H6O2 D. C2H4O2 Cu 18: Cho hn hp X gm hai hp cht hu c no, n chc tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch KOH 0,4M, thu c mt mui v 336 ml hi mt ancol ( ktc). Nu t chy hon ton lng hn hp X trn, sau hp th ht sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH) 2 (d) th khi lng bnh tng 6,82 gam. Cng thc ca hai hp cht hu c trong X l A. HCOOH v HCOOCH3 B. HCOOH v HCOO C2H5 C. C2H5COOH v C2H5COOCH3 D. CH3COOH v CH3COOC2H5 Cu 19: Hn hp M gm 2 axit cacboxylic u no, mch h A, B (B hn A mt nhm chc). Ha hi hon ton m gam M thu c th tch hi bng th tch ca 7 gam nit o cng iu kin nhit , p sut. Nu cho m gam M tc dng vi Na d thu c 4,48 lt H 2 (ktc). Khi t chy hon ton m gam M thu c 28,6g CO 2. Cng thc phn t ca A v B l: A. C2H4O2 v C3H4O4. B. CH2O2 v C3H4O4 . C. C2H4O2 v C4H6O4 D. CH2O2 v C4H6O2. Cu 20: Hn hp X gm HCOOH, CH 3COOH (t l mol 1:1), hn hp Y gm CH 3OH, C2H5OH (t l mol 2:3). Ly 16,96 gam hn hp X tc dng vi 8,08 gam hn hp Y (c xc tc H 2SO4 c) thu c m gam este (hiu sut cc phn ng este ha u bng 80%). Gi tr ca m l: A. 12,064 gam B. 22,736 gam C. 17,728 gam D. 20,4352 gam Cu 21: oxi ho a gam ancol metylic bi CuO nung nng thu c hn hp kh v hi X. Chia X thnh 3 phn bng nhau: Phn 1: Cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 64,8 gam Ag

Phn 2: Cho tc dng vi dung dch NaHCO3 d sau phn ng thu c 2,24 lt kh CO2 ktc Phn 3: Cho tc dng vi Na d thu c 4,48 lt kh H2 ktc. Hiu sut phn ng oxi ho CH3OH l: A. 50% B. 25% C. 75% D. 100% Cu 22: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp gm andehit fomic; axit axetic; Glucoz (C6H12O6); axit lactic (C3H6O3). Sn phm chy thu c hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 d thu c 40g kt ta. Gi tr ca m l: A. 14,1 B. 12 c. 12,4 D. Khng xc nh Cu 23: (TSC A 2010) Cho 16,4 gam hn hp X gm 2 axit cacboxylic l ng ng k tip nhau phn ng hon ton vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 1M v KOH 1M, thu c dung dch Y. C cn dung dch Y, thu c 31,1 gam hn hp cht rn khan. Cng thc ca 2 axit trong X l: A. C2H4O2 v C3H4O2 B. C2H4O2 v C3H6O2 C. C3H4O2 v C4H6O2 D. C3H6O2 v C4H8O2. Cu 24: Hn hp gm hai andehit n chc A v B c chia thnh 2 phn bng nhau: Phn 1 un nng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 th to ra 10,8 gam Ag Phn 2 oxi ho to thnh hai axit tng ng sau cho 2 axit ny phn ng vi 250 ml dung dch NaOH 0,26M c dung dch A. trung ho lng NaOH d trong dung dch A cn dng ng 100 ml dung dch HCl 0,25M. c cn dung dch A, em t chy cht rn c cn to c 3,52 gam CO2 v 0,9 gam H2O. CTPT ca 2 andehit A v B l: A. HCHO v C2H5CHO B. HCHO v C2H3CHO C. HCHO v CH3CHO D. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO Cu 25: Hn hp X gm axit hu c Y no, n chc v axit hu c Z hai chc (Y nhiu hn Z mt nguyn t cacbon). Chia X thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Cho phn 1 tc dng ht vi Na, sinh ra 0,25 mol H2. t chy hon ton phn 2, sinh ra 0,7 mol CO2. CTCT thu gn v % khi lng ca Z trong hn hp X l A. HOOC-COOH v 70,87% B. HOOC-CH2-COOH v 29,13% C. HOOC-COOH v 55,42% D. HOOC-CH2-COOH v 70,87% Cu 26: Hn hp X c C2H5OH, C2H5COOH, CH3CHO trong C2H5OH chim 50% theo s mol. t chy m gam hn hp X thu c 3,06 gam H2O v 3,136 lt CO2 (ktc). Mt khc 13,2 gam hn hp X thc hin phn ng trng bc thy c p gam Ag kt ta. Gi tr ca p l A. 9,72. B. 8,64. C. 10,8. D. 2,16. Cu 27: Cho m gam hn hp hai axit cacboxylic X,Y k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng vi lng d ancol propylic (trong H2SO4 c nng) thu c 14,25 gam hn hp hai este n chc. Cng cho m gam hn hp hai axt trn tc dng vi Na d to ra 0,075 mol H2. Gi s hiu sut phn ng l 100% v MY > MX. Cng thc cu to X, Y ln lt l A. CH3COOH, C2H5COOH B. HCOOH, CH3COOH C. CH2 = CHCOOH, CH2= CHCH2COOH D. CH3CH2COOH, CH3CH2CH2 COOH Cu 28: Hn hp gm 0,1 mol acrolein, 0,15 mol axit acrylic v 0,32 mol H2. Nung nng hn hp c Ni lm xc tc. Sau th nghim thu c hn hp hi c khi lng mol trung bnh bng 56,8. Hiu sut H2 tham gia phn ng l: A. 84,38% B. 85% C. 95,32% D. 80% Cu 29: Cho a gam hn hp X gm 2 acid cacboxylic tc dng vi NaHCO3 d thu c V lt CO2. Mt khc, t chy hon ton a gam hn hp X thu c V lt CO2. Th tch CO2 o cng iu kin. Vy 2 acid trong hn hp X l: A. CH2=CH-COOH v HCOOH B. HCOOH v HOOC-COOH C. HCOOH v CH2(COOH)2 D. CH2(COOH)2 v CH2=CH-COOH Cu 30: t chy hon ton 2,76 gam hn hp X gm C xHyCOOH; CxHyCOOCH3 v CH3OH thu c 2,688 lt CO2 ( ktc) v 1,8 gam H2O. Mt khc, cho 2,76 gam hn hp X phn ng va vi 30 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, thu c 0,96 gam CH3OH. Cng thc ca CxHyCOOH l A. C2H3COOH. B. CH3COOH. C. C3H5COOH. D. C2H5COOH.