Tinh Bot Bien Tinh Repaired

B GIO DC V O TO
TRNG I HC NNG LM THNH PH H CH MINH

B MN CNG NGH HA HC
NGHIN CU SN XUT TINH BT BIN TNH

NG DNG TRONG CH BIN THC PHM
Gio vin hng dn: KS. Dip Thanh Tng

H v Tn sinh vin: Nguyn Quc Thng
Tp.HCM, 2013
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MC LC
MC LC .................................................................................................................... i
TM TT .................................................................................................................. iv
ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ v
DANH SCH CC HNH ......................................................................................... vi
DANH SCH CC BNG ....................................................................................... vii
Chng 1 .................................................................................................................... 3
1.1
t vn ..................................................................................................... 3
1.2
Mc ch ti ............................................................................................. 3
1.3
Ni dung ti .............................................................................................. 3
1.4
Yu cu ti ................................................................................................ 4
Chng 2 .................................................................................................................... 5
2.1
Tng quan tinh bt ....................................................................................... 5
2.1.1
Cu to.................................................................................................... 5
2.1.2
Cu trc tinh th .................................................................................... 7
2.1.3
Cc phn ng tiu biu .......................................................................... 7
2.1.3.1
Phn ng thy phn........................................................................... 7
2.1.3.2
Phn ng to phc ............................................................................ 7
2.1.3.3
Tnh hp th ca tinh bt ................................................................... 8
2.1.3.4
Kh nng hp th nc v kh nng ha tan ca tinh bt ................. 8
2.1.4
2.2
Nhng tnh cht vt l ca huyn ph tinh bt trong nc ................. 9
2.1.4.1
Tnh ha tan ca tinh bt ................................................................... 9
2.1.4.2
S trng n ..................................................................................... 9
2.1.4.3
Tnh cht h ha ca tinh bt ............................................................ 9
2.1.4.4
Tnh cht c kt cu ca h tinh bt .................................................. 9
2.1.4.5
Kh nng to gel v thoi ha gel ................................................... 10
Tinh bt bin tnh ....................................................................................... 10
2.2.1
Tng quan ............................................................................................. 10
2.2.2
Phn loi tinh bt bin tnh ................................................................. 10
2.2.3
Phng php bin tnh tinh bt........................................................... 11
2.2.3.1
Phng php vt l.......................................................................... 11
2.2.3.2
Phng php ha hc ...................................................................... 13
ii
2.3
2.2.3.3
Bin hnh bng cch to lin kt ngang ........................................... 17
2.2.3.4
Enzyme ............................................................................................ 18
ng dng tinh bt bin tnh ....................................................................... 19
2.3.1
ng dng trong bnh m nng .......................................................... 19
2.3.2
Lm cht n nh sa chua .................................................................. 20
2.3.3
Sn xut bnh phng tm .................................................................... 20
2.3.4
Sn xut bnh quy xp......................................................................... 20
2.3.5
Sn xut gi ch ................................................................................... 20
Chng 3 .................................................................................................................. 21
3.1
Thi gian v a im th nghim .............................................................. 21
3.2
Nguyn vt liu, thit b v dng c th nghim ........................................ 21
3.2.1
Nguyn vt liu th nghim .................................................................. 21
3.2.2
Thit b v dng c th nghim ............................................................ 21
3.3
Phng php th nghim ............................................................................ 21
3.3.1
Phng php bin tnh bng axit ........................................................ 22
3.3.2
Phng php bin tnh bng baz ...................................................... 23
3.3.3
Phng php bin tnh bng H2O2 ...................................................... 23
3.3.4
Th nghim s dng tinh bt bin tnh n nh cu trc sa chua ... 24
Chng 4 .................................................................................................................. 26
4.1
Kt qu o thi gian chy ca tinh bt khng bin tnh mu i chng

26
4.2
Kt qu o thi gian chy ca tinh bt bin tnh bng axit ...................... 26
4.3
Kt qu o thi gian chy ca tinh bt bin tnh bng NaOH pH = 10 ... 27
4.4
Kt qu o thi gian chy ca tinh bt bin tnh bng H2O2 0,3% .......... 28
4.5
ng dng tinh bt bin tnh n nh cu trc sa chua ........................... 29
4.5.1
pH ca cc mu sn phm ................................................................... 29
4.5.2 Mi quan h gia nht v tc ct ca cc mu sa chua c b

sung tinh bt bin tnh ..................................................................................... 30
4.5.3
So snh ng sut ct v tc ct ca cc mu sn phm sa chua . 32
4.5.4
Tin hnh o cu trc cc mu sa chua ............................................ 34
CHNG 5 KT LUN V NGH ............................................................... 36

TI LIU THAM KHO ....................................................................................... 38
PH LC A .......................................................................................................... 39
iii
PH LC B .............................................................................................................. 42
iv
TM TT
ti nghin cu Nghin cu sn xut tinh bt bin tnh v ng dng
trong ch bin thc phm c tin hnh ti phng th nghim I4, B Mn
Cng Ngh Ha Hc, Trng i Hc Nng Lm Thnh Ph H Ch Minh, thi
gian t n .
Cc th nghim c b tr nhm kho st s nh hng ca thi gian bin
tnh i vi cc phng php bin tnh khc nhau ln nht ca tinh bt bin
tinhCc cht c s dng bin tnh tinh bt l HCl, NaOH v H2O2 v thi
gian bin tnh c la chn theo 3 mc 0,5 1 1,5h.
Kt qu phn tch thi gian chy cho thy HCl mang li hiu qu cao nht
trong vic ct t chui phn t tinh bt.Th nghim ng dng tinh bt bin tnh
ln sa chua cng ch ra rng tinh bt bin tnh bng HCl em li cu trc gel
vng chc nht nhng c th nh hng n mi v sn phm v lm thay i pH
ca h.
ABSTRACT
The study "Research about modified starch production and applications
in food processing" was conducted in the laboratory I4, Department of Chemical
Technology, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Ho ChiMinh, from to.
The experiment was arranged in order to examine the influence of the
modified time for different modification methods on the viscosity of the starch
processing. In which the time factor is performed at different time intervals - 0.5 h;
1h; 1.5 h. Processing methods are classified based on modified substances - acids,
bases, H2O2.
Treatment results in excel, then make a comparison between the modified
method modified in the same period of time, compare the elements in the same
time a modified method. After a series of comparative method, we find the optimal
conditions of modified method and modified time.
Then implementation of modified starch in optimal conditions. Test
conducted on samples and sensory evaluation by morphological and structural
products.
vi
DANH SCH CC HNH

Hnh 2.1: Cu trc phn t tinh bt .............................................................................. 5
Hnh 2.2: Cu trc phn t Amylose ........................................................................... 6
Hnh 2.3: Cu trc phn t Amylopectin ...................................................................... 6
Hnh 2.4: C ch phn ng thy phn .......................................................................... 7
Hnh 2.5: Bin tnh bng phng php gia nhit kh nhit cao........................... 13
Hnh 2.6: Quy trnh sn xut theo phng php Robyt............................................... 15
Hnh 2.7: Quy trnh sn xut theo phng php Ali v Kemf ..................................... 16
Hnh 2.8: Quy trnh sn xut tinh bt bin tnh bng tc nhn oxy ha mnh ............. 16
Hnh 2.9: To lin kt ngang trong tinh bt ................................................................ 17
Hnh 2.10: Quy trnh bin tnh tinh bt bng enzyme ................................................. 19
Hnh 3.1: S bin tnh tinh bt bng axit ............................................................... 22
Hnh 3.2: S bin tinh bt bng NaOH.................................................................. 23
Hnh 3.3: S bin tnh tinh bt bng H2O2............................................................. 24
Hnh 4.1: S ph thuc ca thi gian chy vo thi gian bin hnh ca tinh bt bin
tnh ti nng HCl 0,25M ....................................................................................... 26
Hnh 4.2: Bin tnh tinh bt bng HCl........................................................................ 27
tnh bng NaOH pH = 10 ........................................................................................... 27
tnh bng H2O2 0,3%.................................................................................................. 28
Hnh 4.5: Phi trn tinh bt bin tnh vo sa chua .................................................... 29
Hnh 4.6: Mi quan h gia nht v tc ct ca cc mu sa chua c b sung
tinh bt bin tnh ........................................................................................................ 31
Hnh 4.7: Quan h ca ng sut ct v tc ct ca cc mu sa chua .................... 33
Hnh 4.8: o nht ca sa chua c b sung tinh bt bin tnh ............................... 34
Hnh 4.9: o cu trc sa chua .................................................................................. 35
vii
DANH SCH CC BNG

Bng 2.1: Nhit h ha cc loi tinh bt.................................................................. 8
Bng 3.1: Kho st thi gian bin tnh v nng ca HCl ....................................... 22
Bng 3.2 : Kho st thi gian bin tnh bng NaOH pH = 10 ..................................... 23
Bng 3.3: Kho st thi gian bin tnh bng H2O2 ...................................................... 24
Bng 4.1: Thi gian chy ca tinh bt khng bin tnh .............................................. 26
Bng 4.2: Gi tr pH ca cc mu sa chua ................................................................ 29
Bng 4.3: Kt qu o cu trc ca cc mu sa chua ................................................. 34
Chng 1
M U
1.1 t vn
Tinh bt t lu c s dng mt cch ph bin v rng ri trong i sng
ca mi ngi. Chng c s dng cho nhiu mc ch khc nhau nh lm bnh,
vt liu trong dc phm, cng nghip dt, Tuy nhin nhng ng dng vn
cha khai thc ht tim nng ca tinh bt.
Trc thc trng , cc hot ng nghin cu chuyn su v ng dng ca
tinh bt bin tnh c tin hnh nhm m rng tnh ng dng cao ca tinh bt
trong i sng hin ti. V d: cc hot ng nghin cu s dng tinh bt bin tnh
lm bao b sinh hc thay th cho bao b c ngun gc t ha du, s dng tinh bt
bin tnh dng lm cht n nh, cht to gel, to c trong thc phm,...
Nguyn liu sn xut ra tinh bt bin tnh ch yu t ngun tinh bt m,
tinh bt bp. V khng lm nh hng n an ninh lng thc ca v vy tinh
bt m c u tin s dng. Nhm tm ra mt hng sn xut mi t mt ngun
nguyn liu khc bt bp v kho st li c tnh to gel v nht ca dch
nhm xem xt kh nng ph hp trong ng dng vo thc phm.
Xut pht t nhu cu thc t v c s cho php ca B mn Cng Ngh
Ha Hc, Trng i Hc Nng Lm Thnh Ph H Ch Minh, di s hng
dn ca KS. Dip Thanh Tng, ti tin hnh thc hin ti: Nghin cu sn
xut tinh bt bin tnh ng dng trong bo qun, ch bin thc phm.
1.2 Mc ch ti
Nghin cu bin tnh tinh bt trn nn bt bp.
nh gi nh hng ca tc nhn bin tnh v thi gian bin tnh ln
tinh bt khi c s dng lm ph gia thc phm.
1.3 Ni dung ti
Thc hin bin tnh tinh bt bng cc tc nhn khc nhau nh: axit
(HCl), baz (NaOH), tc nhn oxy ha mnh (H2O2).
4
Phn tch s nh hng ca yu t thi gian ln s bin tnh ca tinh
bt.
Th nghim s dng tinh bt bin tnh lm ph gia trong sn xut sa
chua.
1.4 Yu cu ti
Tm ra snh hng ca cc tc nhn bin tnh (axit, bazo, tc nhn
oxy ha mnh) v thi gian bin tnh ln tnh cht ca tinh bt.
nh gi c nh hng ca tinh bt bin tnh ln cu trc ca sn
phm thc phm (sa chua).
Th nghim s nh hng v c tnh nht ca thc phm (sa
chua).
Khng nh hng n cht lng thc phm khi cho vo, t c
yu cu v v sinh an ton thc phm.
C kh nng dng lm ph gia trong thc phm.
Chng 2
TNG QUAN
2.1 Tng quan tinh bt
2.1.1 Cu to
Tinh bt l mt polysaccharide bao gm cc n v D-glucose ni vi nhau
bi cc lin kt - glycozide, c cng thc phn t l (C6H10O5)n (n c th t vi
trm n hn 1 triu). Tinh bt c dng ht mu trng v c to nn bi hai loi
polymer l amylose v amylopectin.T l amylose/amylopectin xp x trong go
np hoc ng np gn nh 100% l amylopectin.
Hnh 2.1: Cu trc phn t tinh bt

Amylose
L polysaccharide mch thng, cu to gm cc gc D- glucopyranose, lin
kt nhau bng lin kt -1-4-glycoside. Trng lng phn t ca amylose khong
105-106.
6
Hnh 2.2: Cu trc phn t Amylose
C 2 loi amylose:
Amylose c mc trng hp tng i thp (khong 1000-2000) v
b phn ly hon ton bi -amylase.
Amylose c mc trng hp ln hn, ch b -amylase phn hy
60%.
Amylose c th ha tan trong nc nng n nng 15%, dung dch kim
long, acid dicloacetic, acid formic, aldehyde formic, cng c kh nng ha tan
amylase. Dung dch amylose thu c c nht tng i cao.
Amylose c kh nng tng tc vi iod cho mu xanh t trng, phc hp
hp th mnh nht bc sng 620nm.
Amylopectin
Amylopectin l polysaccharide mch thng phn nhnh, cu to gm cc gc
-D-glucopyranose, lin kt nhau bng lin kt -1-4- glycoside trn mch chnh,
ti cc im phn nhnh, cc gc glucose lin kt nhau bng lin kt
-1-6-
glycoside. Mi nhnh trong phn t amylopectin cha khong 15-30 gc

glucose.Phn t lng amylopectin t 107-108.
Hnh 2.3: Cu trc phn t Amylopectin

Amylopectin c kh nng gn kt t trng vi lectin u cui khng kh
ca n to kt ta.Da vo tnh cht ny ngi ta c th tch amylopectin ra khi
tinh bt. Amylopectin cng c kh nng kt hp vi iod (khong 0,2% khi lng)
to phc hp hp th mnh nht 550nm.
7
Khi un nng trong nc, amylopectin to dung dch trong, c, dnh v c
nht cao. Amylopectin khng b thoi ha, kh nng to gel km.
2.1.2 Cu trc tinh th
Ht tinh bt c dng hnh trn, hnh bu dc, hay hnh a gic. Trong cng
mt loi tinh bt, hnh dng v kch thc ht c th khc nhau.
Tinh bt c bn cht bn tinh th vi nhiu mc tinh th ha khc
nhau.Kh nng to cu trc tinh th ca tinh bt lin quan ch yu n thnh phn
amylopectin.Trong lp tinh th, cc on mch thng ca amylopectin lin kt vi
nhau thnh cc si xon kp, xp thnh dy v to thnh chm, phn mch nhnh
nm cc lp v nh hnh.Cc lp tinh th v v nh hnh ca amylopectin tp
hp thnh cc cu trc hnh cu c kch thc khc nhau.Thnh phn amylose ca
tinh bt, ngoi vic tham gia to cu trc xon cn hin din trong cu trc tinh
th ca tinh bt di dng phc hp vi lipid.
2.1.3 Cc phn ng tiu biu
2.1.3.1 Phn ng thy phn
Hnh 2.4: C ch phn ng thy phn
Phn ng thy phn ct t lin kt - D (1,4) glycoside bng cc tc nhn

acid hoc enzyme. Acid c th thy phn tinh bt dng ht ban u, dng h ha
hay dng paste. Cn enzyme, ch thy phn hiu qu dng h ha.Mt s
enzyme thng dng l -amylase, -amylase.c trng ca phn ng ny l s
gim nhanh nht v sinh ra ng.
2.1.3.2 Phn ng to phc
8
Phn ng c trng ca tinh bt l phn ng vi iod.Khi tng tc vi iod,
amylose s cho phc mu xanh c trng. phn ng c th cc phn t
amylose phi c dng xon c hnh thnh ng xon c n ca amylose bao
quanh phn t iod. Cc dextrin c t hn 6 gc glucose khng cho phn ng vi
iod v khng to c mt vng xon c hon chnh. Acid v mt s mui nh:
KI, Na2SO4 tng cng phn ng.
Amylose vi cu hnh xon c hp th c 20% khi lng iod, tng ng
vi mt vng xon mt phn t iod.Amylopectin tng tc vi iod cho mu nu
tm.V bn cht phn ng mu vi iod l hnh thnh hp cht hp th.
Ngoi kh nng to phc vi iod, amylose cn c kh nng to phc vi
nhiu hp cht hu c c cc cng nh khng c cc nh: cc ru no, cc ru
thm, phenol, cc xento phn t lng thp.
2.1.3.3 Tnh hp th ca tinh bt
Ht tinh bt c cu to l xp nn khi tng tc vi cc cht b hp th th b
mt trong v ngoi ca tinh bt u tham d.V vy trong qu trnh bo qun, sy
v ch bin cn phi ht sc quan tm tnh cht ny.Cc ion lin kt vi tinh bt
thng nh hng n kh nng hp th ca tinh bt.Kh nng hp th ca cc
loi tinh bt ph thuc cu trc bn trong ca ht v kh nng trng n ca
chng.
2.1.3.4 Kh nng hp th nc v kh nng ha tan ca tinh bt
Bng 2.1: Nhit h ha cc loi tinh bt

Tinh bt t nhin
Nhit h ha
Ng
62 73
Ng np
62 72
La min
68 75
La min np
67 74
Go
68 74
La m
59 62
Sn
52 59
Khoai ty
59 70
9
Xc nh kh nng hp th nc v kh nng ha tan ca tinh bt cho php
iu chnh c t l dung dch tinh bt v nhit cn thit trong qu trnh cng
nghip, cn c ngha trong qu trnh bo qun, sy v ch bin thy nhit. Rt
nhiu tnh cht chc nng ca tinh bt ph thuc vo tng tc ca tinh bt v
nc (tnh cht thy nhit, s h ha, to gel, to mng). Ngoi ra, n cng l c
s la chn tinh bt bin hnh thch hp cho tng ng dng c th.
2.1.4 Nhng tnh cht vt l ca huyn ph tinh bt trong nc
2.1.4.1 Tnh ha tan ca tinh bt
Tinh bt khng ha tan trong nc lnh. Ha tan trong dung dch kim v
mt s mui kim loi nng. Tinh bt b kt ta trong cn, cn l tc nhn tt
tng hiu qu thu hi tinh bt.
2.1.4.2 S trng n
Khi ngm tinh bt vo nc th th tch ht tng do s hp th nc, lm cho
ht tinh bt trng phng ln. y l hin tng trng n ca ht tinh bt. Cc
loi tinh bt khc nhau s c trng n khc nhau.
2.1.4.3 Tnh cht h ha ca tinh bt
nhit thng tinh bt hp th 25-50% nc. Khi tng nhit ht tinh
bt b trng n (lin kt hydro b ph v) tinh bt b thay i trng thi. l
hin tng h ha tinh bt.
Nhit ph v ht chuyn tinh bt t trng thi ban u c mc oxi
ha khc nhau thnh dung dch keo gi l nhit h ha. Nhit h ha khng
phi mt im m l mt khong nhit nht nh. Cc bin i ha l khi h
ha nh sau: ht tinh bt trng n, tng trong sut v nht, cc phn
tmch thng v nh th ha tan v sau t lin hp vi nhau to thnh gel.
Ty iu kin h ha nh nhit , ngun gc tinh bt, kch thc ht v pH m
nhit ph v v trng n ca tinh bt bin i mt cch rng ln.
2.1.4.4 Tnh cht c kt cu ca h tinh bt
Phn t tinh bt c nhiu nhm hydroxyl c kh nng lin kt c vi nhau
lm cho phn t tinh bt tp hp li, gi nhiu nc hn khin cho dung dch c
c, dnh, do v nht cao hn. Yu t chnh nh hng n nht
ca dung dch tinh bt l ng knh biu kin ca cc phn t hoc ca cc ht
phn tn, c tnh bn trong ca tinh bt nh kch thc, th tch, cu trc, v s
10
bt i xng ca phn t. Nng tinh bt, pH, nhit , tc nhn oxi ha, cc
thuc th ph hy lin kt hydro u lm cho tng tc ca cc phn t tinh bt
thay i do lm thay i nht ca dung dch tinh bt.
2.1.4.5 Kh nng to gel v thoi ha gel
Tinh bt sau khi h ha v ngui, cc phn t s tng tc nhau v sp
xp li mt cch c trt t to thnh gel tinh bt vi cu trc mng 3 chiu.
to c gel th dung dch tinh bt phi c nng m c va phi, phi c
h ha chuyn tinh bt thnh trng thi ha tan v sau c ngui trng
thi yn tnh. Trong gel tinh bt ch c cc lin kt hydro tham gia, c th ni trc
tip cc mch polyglycoside hoc gin tip qua phn t nc.
Khi gel tinh bt ngui mt thi gian di s co li v lng dch th s
thot ra, gi l s thoi ha. Qu trnh ny s cng tng mnh nu gel lnh
ng ri sau cho tan gi.
2.2 Tinh bt bin tnh
2.2.1 Tng quan
Trong thc t sn xut, ng vi mi mt sn phm thc phm thng i hi
mt dng tinh bt hoc mt dn sut tinh bt nht nh nh: tinh bt phi c
ha tan tt, giu amylose, amylopectin, tnh bn
Bin hnh tinh bt tc l bin i cu trc, tnh cht ca tinh bt mang li
cho tinh bt nhiu tnh cht mi.
Mc ch bin hnh tinh bt:
Gim s thoi ha tinh bt;
Thay i nht bng cch thay i trng lng phn t ;
Gia tng s n nh khi lm lnh hoc cp ng r ng;
Tng gi tr cm quan;
To mt hng mi.
2.2.2 Phn loi tinh bt bin tnh
Da trn bn cht nhng bin i xy ra trong phn t tinh bt, Kovalxkaia
chia tinh bt bin tnh bng ho cht thnh 2 loi: tinh bt ct v tinh bt b thay
th .
Nhm tinh bt ct: trong phn t tinh bt xy ra hin tng phn ct lin kt
C-O gia cc monomer v nhng lin kt khc, gim khi lng phn t, xut
11
hin mt s lin kt mi trong v gia cc phn t. Cu trc ht ca tinh bt c th
b ph v t nhiu. Nhm tinh bt ny c rt nhiu ng dng nh: dng ph
giy, tng bn ca giy, ci thin cht lng in Trong cng nghip thc
phm, tinh bt loi ny dng to cu trc gel trong sn xut bnh ko.
Tinh bt oxi ha cng c xp vo nhm ny. Mt s loi tinh bt c oxi
ha bi KMnO4 trong mi trng acid c s dng thay th agar, pectin trong
sn xut bnh ko, kem, cc sn phm sa cng nh trong hp. Cc sn phm
tinh bt oxi ha yu cng c dng trong bnh m lm tng thi gian gi kh
ca khi bt nho, gim thi gian ln men v tng cht lng bnh. Tinh bt oxi
ha bi hypoclorid, H2O2, HI v mui ca n c s dng rng ri trong cng
nghip giy.
Nhm tinh bt thay th: l nhm tinh bt m tnh cht ca chng thay i do
nhm hydroxyl cacbon 2, 3 v 6 lin kt vi cc gc ha hc hay ng trng hp
vi mt hp cht cao phn t khc, hoc 2 mch polysaccharide c th b gn vo
nhau do cc lin kt dng cu ni.
Mc bin tnh tinh bt c c trng bi th (Degree of substitution DS), DS l s nhm hydroxyl b th trn mt AGU (Anhydrous Glucose Unit).
Nh vy, th c gi tr trong khong 0-3. Trong trng hp ny tnh cht ca
tinh bt b thay i r rt. Thng thng tinh bt loi ny c nht v bn kt
dnh cao (c s dng sn xut cc sn phm cn bo qun) nh tinh bt
acetate, tinh bt phosphate, tinh bt oxi ha
2.2.3 Phng php bin tnh tinh bt
Da vo bn cht ca phng php c th phn loi cc phng php nh
sau:
Phng php bin hnh vt l
Phng php bin hnh ha hc
Phng php bin hnh bng enzyme.
2.2.3.1 Phng php vt l
L phng php bin tnh tinh bt thun ty dng cc lc vt l nh p, nn
v h ha tc dng ln tinh bt lm thay i mt s tnh cht ca n nhm ph
hp vi nhng ng dng, sn phm tinh bt bin tnh ca phng php ny l
nhng tinh bt h ha, tinh bt x l nhit m.
12
Trn vi cht rn tr
Tinh bt c i lc vi nc nhng nu ha tan trc tip vo nc th s b
vn cc. C th lm cho tinh bt phn tn tt vo nc nu u tin em trn n
vi cht rn tr. Khi trn ng u s lm cho cc ht tinh bt cch bit nhau v
vt l do s cho php chng hydrate ha mt cch c lp v khng kt thnh
khi.
Bin hnh bng h ha s b
Tinh bt ban u c h ha trong mt lng tha nc, sau sy phun
hoc l sy thng quay. Di tc dng nhit m lm t cc lin kt gia cc phn
t, lm ph v cu trc ca cc ht tinh bt khi h ha.
Tinh bt h ha s b c nhng tnh cht sau:
Trng nhanh trong nc;
Bin i chm cc tnh cht khi bo qun;
Bn khi nhit thp;
C c v kh nng gi nc, gi kh tt.
Do , ngi ta thng dng tinh bt h ha s b trong trng hp khi cn
c, gi nc m khng cn nu.
Tinh bt loi ny nu i t tinh bt amylopectin th s lm tng ti cho
sn phm, tng trong sut, n hi cng nh lm bn nht.
Gia nhit kh nhit cao
Dextrin l sn phm phn gii na vi ca tinh bt. Thc t pirodextrin thu
c khi gia nhit tinh bt kh nhit 175-195 oC trong thi gian 7-18h.
Phng php ch to pirodextrin nh sau:
Phun axit (vi lng 0,05-0,15% trng lng tinh bt ) vo tinh bt c
m khong 5%. C th dng AlCl3 lm cht xc tc. Cng c th
cho thm cc tc nhn kim tnh nh Canxi phosphate, Natri
bicacbonate hoc Tritanolamine lm cht m ( lm gim bt
acid khi nhit cao). Sau khi sy nh tinh bt n m t 1-5%
th tin hnh dextrin ha trong thit b trn c gia nhit bng hi, bng
du hoc t nng trc tip. Dextrin ha xong th lm ngui. Khi
dextrin ha thng xy ra 2 phn ng:
Phn gii tinh bt thnh sn phm c khi lng phn t thp hn
13
Phn ng ti trng hp cc sn phm va mi to thnh trn ch yu
bng lin kt 1-6 to cu trc c phn nhnh cao
giai on u phn ng thy phn l ch yu, nn nht ca tinh bt lc
ny b gim rt mnh. Khi tng nhit ln th phn ng ti trng hp mi tr
thnh phn ng chnh.
Ngoi ra nhit cao cn xy ra phn ng chuyn glycoside: cc lin kt
1-4 glycoside khng bn trong amyloza lc ny s chuyn thnh lin kt 1-6 bn
hn.
Hnh 2.5: Bin tnh bng phng php gia nhit kh nhit cao
Di tc dng ca nhit , tinh bt b bin hnh mt cch su sc, do
nhiu tnh cht cng b thay i theo, ha tan tng, hm lng dextrin tng,
ng kh tng ri gim, nht gim, mu sc thay i.
Ph thuc vo nhit ta s thu c dextrin trng (95-1200C), dextrin vng
(120-1800C), pirodextrin (170-1950C).
2.2.3.2 Phng php ha hc
S dng cc phn ng ester, eter, acid hay kim ha, sn phm ch yu ca
phng php bin tnh ha hc l nhng tinh bt x l acid tinh bt eter, este ha,
phosphate ha.
Acid
Di tc dng ca acid mt phn cc lin kt gia cc phn t v trong phn
t tinh bt b t. Do lm cho kch thc phn t gim i v tinh bt thu c
nhng tnh cht mi.
14
Trong sn xut cng nghip, ngi ta cho khuch tn tinh bt (huyn ph
tinh bt 12-15Bx) trong dung dch acid v c c nng 1-3%, ri khuy u
nhit 50-550C trong 12-14h. Sau trung ha, lc ra v sy kh.
Tinh bt bin tnh bng acid so vi tinh bt ban u c nhng tnh cht sau:
Gim i lc vi iod;
nht c trng b hn ;
p sut thm thu cao hn do khi lng phn t trung bnh b hn;
Khi h ha trong nc nng ht trng n km hn;
Trong nc m c nhit thp hn nhit h ha th ha tan
cao hn;
Nhit h ha cao hn;
Ch s kim cao hn.
C 2 phng php bin hnh bng acid l:
Bin hnh bng acid trong mi trng ancol;
Bin hnh bng acid trong mi trng nc.
Phng php bin tnh bng acid trong mi trng ancol
To ra nhng sn phm tinh bt mch ngn hn, cc dextrin hoc cc ng.
Trong mi trng ancol nh ethanol hoc methanol, do cc ancol ny c phn
cc nh hn nc nn phn ly ca acid tham gia xc tc cng nh hn, do
phn ng thy phn lm bin dng tinh bt din ra chm hn so vi trong mi
trng nc. Vi vy chng ta c th iu chnh v khng ch qu trnh bin hnh
tinh bt to ra cc sn phm c mch phn t mong mun mt cch d dng
hn v t hiu sut thu hi cao hn.
Quy trnh sn xut theo phng php Robyt (cho sn):
Acid HCl m c trn vi 100ml mi trng, sau khuy u, y kn
ming bnh v bin hnh trong 72 gi.
15
Hnh 2.6: Quy trnh sn xut theo phng php Robyt

Cc yu t nh hng n kh nng phn ct mch tinh bt trong qu trnh
bin hnh ch yu l nhit , hm lng acid, nng dch tinh bt v loi mi
trng.Kh nng phn ct mch tinh bt biu th bng ch s mc trng hp
mch tinh bt.
Phng php bin tnh bng acid trong mi trng nc
Quy trnh theo phng php Ali v Kemf:
16
Hnh 2.7: Quy trnh sn xut theo phng php Ali v Kemf
Bin hnh trong mi trng ethanol v methanol t tin, ti ch phc tp,
thi gian di, tn nhiu thit b, gi thnh cao. Bin hnh bng acid trong mi
trng nc khc phc c nhng nhc im trn.
Tinh bt kh c phn tn trong nc thnh dch huyn ph vi nng
33% v bin hnh vi xc tc l dung dch acid HCl 0,5N 50oC trong iu kin
khuy trn lin tc. Khi bin hnh kt thc, trung ha bng dung dch NaOH 1N
n trung tnh v ra sch tinh bt bng my ly tm siu tc v nc nhiu
ln.Cui cng l sy, nghin, ry thnh phm c W<12%.
Phng php bin tnh bng kim
Trong mi trng kim, tinh bt ha tan rt d v kim lm ion ha tng
phn v do lm cho s hydrate ha tt hn. Kim c th ph hy tinh bt t u
nhm cui kh thng qua dng enol. S ph hy kim cng c th xy ra ngu
nhin mch nht l khi c mt oxi v c gia nhit.
Tc nhn oxy ha mnh
Vi tc nhn oxi ha l NaOCl cha 6% Clo t do
Hnh 2.8: Quy trnh sn xut tinh bt bin tnh bng tc nhn oxy ha mnh
17
Hin nay tc nhn c dng ph bin l hypoclorite. Dng dung dch Natri
hypoclorite c cha 5-10% Clo t do hoc dng nc javel c cha 6% Clo t do.
Tinh bt kh khuy trn trong nc v NaOH 0,01N thnh huyn ph tinh
bt c nng 33-34% v c pH=8-10. bin hnh cho dung dch NaClO c
cha 5-10% Clo t do, khuy u nhit 21-31oC cho n khi t mc oxi
ha cn thit (4-6h). Sau tin hnh trung ha hn hp bng HCl 0,01N n
pH=6-6,5. tch Clo cn li dng Natrithiosunfate 0,1N, kim tra qu trnh
tch Clo hon ton tin hnh th bng dung dch KI 0,1N. Nu cn Clo t do s
y I- to thnh I2 lm cho h tinh bt chuyn sang mu xanh. Tip tc cho
Na2S2O3 cho n khi khng cn Clo t do. Tin hnh ra li bng nc v li tm
nhiu ln cho n khi th cc ha cht ha tan trong nc khng cn na. th
xem cn mui lu hunh khng dng H2SO4 v un nh. Nu c kt ta lu hunh
mu vng xut hin, sau khi tch ht cc cht ha tan, tin hnh sy 35oC n
m 10-12%, nghin nh, sng v bo qun.
2.2.3.3 Bin hnh bng cch to lin kt ngang
Nhm to ra lin kt cng ha tr gia cc nhm hydroxyl (OH-) trn cng
mt phn t hoc hai phn t khc nhau. Bt k phn t no c kh nng phn ng
vi hai (hay nhiu hn) nhm hydroxyl u to ra c lin kt ngang gia cc
mch tinh bt. Tinh bt s thu c tnh cht mi khi cho tc dng vi acid boric.
Khi 4 nhm OH ca 2 mch tinh bt nm gn nhau s to thnh phc vi aicd
boric, khi gia cc mch polyglycoside s to ra cc lin kt ngang nh trong
hnh.
Hnh 2.9: To lin kt ngang trong tinh bt
18
Cc tc nhn to lin kt ngang vi tinh bt nh: monosodium phosphate
(SOP),
sodium
trimetaphosphate
(STMP),
sodium
tripoly
phosphate,
epichlorhydrin, phosphoryl chloride (POCl3)

2.2.3.4 Enzyme
L phng php bin tnh tinh bt tin tin cho sn phm tinh bt bin tnh
chn lc khng b ln nhng ha cht khc. Sn phm thy phn bng enzyme ca
phng php ny l cc loi ng glucose, fructose, cc poliol nh sorbitol,
mannitol.
Enzyme -amylase (EC .3.2.1.1): Cc enzyme phn ct lin kt ni mch
(u kh) gii phng ra glucose v cc oligosaccharit c t 2-7 n v glucose.
Enzyme -amylase (EC .3.2.1.2): Cc enzyme phn ct lin kt -1,4 ngoi
mch (u khng kh) gii phng ra maltose c dng .
Enzyme c hiu vi lin kt -1,6:
Pululanaza (EC.3.2.1.41): Enzyme ny c th thy phn cc lin kt -1,6
ca tinh bt, glucogen, pululan v cc dextrin gii hn. S nh v ca lin kt 1,6 c nh hng ln ti tc ng ca enzyme. S c mt ca 2 lin kt -1,4 nm
k bn lin kt -1,6 l iu kin cn thit cho enzyme phn ct lin kt ny.
Isoamilaza (EC.3.2.1.68): Enzyme ny khng c kh nng thy phn pulutan
v khng th ct t lin kt -1,6 ca cc phn t cha t hn ba lin kt -1,4
Enzyme c hiu lin kt -1,4 v -1,6:
Amiloglusidaza (EC.3.2.1.3) c th gii phng ra -D glucose bng cch thy
phn lp li nhiu ln cc lin kt -1,4 ca mch -glucan t u khng kh.
Chng thy phn c cc lin kt -1,6 v -1,3 nhng mc rt chm.
19
Hnh 2.10: Quy trnh bin tnh tinh bt bng enzyme

2.3 ng dng tinh bt bin tnh
2.3.1 ng dng trong bnh m nng
Trong bnh m nng th protein la m v c bit l gluten ng mt vai tr
quan trng hnh thnh kt cu ca bnh m. Tuy nhin, tinh bt l thnh phn
chnh v cng gp phn vo s hnh thnh cu trc v cht lng ca bt bnh m.
Cc trng thi ca tinh bt gp phn vo kt cu ca sn phm nng. Nghin cu
gn y cho thy rng tinh bt bin tnh c pht trin ngn chn cc thuc
tnh khng mong mun ca tinh bt, nh hng n tnh cht ca khi bt v cht
lng ca bnh m. Mt s tinh bt bin tnh s dng trong bnh m nng nh:
hydroxypropylated, acetyl ha,lin kt ngang.
Mu bnh m ch bin t bt thay th hydroxypropylated v acetyl ha tinh
bt sn c mt kt cu dnh, trong khi bnh m vi tinh bt sn phosphoryl ha
lin kt ngang c mt cm gic kh. Cc bt thay th bng tinh bt sn t nhin
hydroxypropylated v acetyl cho thy nht cao v cc s c ln hn, trong khi
vi phosphoryl ha tinh bt sn lin kt ngang cho thy nht thp hn v cc
s c nh hn so vi bt la m. Nhng kt qu ny ngha l trang thi nht ca
tinh bt h ha nh hng n kt cu ca bnh m.Bng cch s dng tinh bt
bin tnh, c th kim sot kt cu ca sn phm v pht trin bnh m c kt cu
khc nhau t bt m.
20
2.3.2 Lm cht n nh sa chua
Hin nay, cc nh my sa thng s dng polyaards cho sn phm sa
chua, n to gel, to c v lm n nh khi sa chua thnh phm nhng phi
nhp ngoi t tin, c th thay th bng tinh bt bin tnh bng acid to gel,
cht lm n nh sa chua.
2.3.3 Sn xut bnh phng tm
Mt s ng dng quan trng ca tinh bt l to gin, xp cho sn
phm. Nh s to thnh cc nhm cacboxyl tch in m nn tc dng y nhau l
tng phng n ca tinh bt ln nhiu ln v trng cao sau khi c oxi ha.
2.3.4 Sn xut bnh quy xp
Trong cng nghip sn xut bnh qui, thng b sung tinh bt vo qu trnh
nho bt c gin, xp thch hp. Trong qu trnh nng s to trn b mt
sn phm cht dextrin lm cho sn phm bng p. Xu hng ng dng tinh bt
bin tnh c trin vng ln v r v c gin, xp cao.
2.3.5 Sn xut gi ch
Nhiu c s sn xut ch la thng s dng hn the nh mt cht ph gia
lm gin, dai, bo qun sn phm lu hn. Tuy nhin, hn the l mt cht c th
gy ng c cp tnh hoc t vong vi nng ln.
Qua nghin cu ca TS. Trng Th M Hnh (ging vin H Bch Khoa
Nng) cho thy tinh bt sn b bin tnh c kh nng tng yu t kt dnh, tnh
dai, gin, kh nng bo qunv c th s dng tinh bt bin tnh nh mt cht
ph gia b sung vo qu trnh sn xut gi ch.
21
Chng 3
VT LIU V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
3.1 Thi gian v a im th nghim
ti c thc hin ti phng th nghim I4, B mn cng ngh ha hc,
trng i Hc Nng Lm, Thnh ph H Ch Minh.
3.2 Nguyn vt liu, thit b v dng c th nghim
3.2.1 Nguyn vt liu th nghim
Tinh bt bp: tinh bt thc phm, nhn hiu Ti K, Vit Nam.
Axit Clohidric, HCl 37%, tinh khit trn 99,99%, xut x t c (Merch).
Natri Hydroxite, NaOH, tinh khit trn 99,99%, xut x t c (Merch).
Hydro peroxite, H2O2 30%, tinh khit trn 99,99%, xut x t c
(Merch).
3.2.2 Thit b v dng c th nghim
My khuy c iu nhit.
Cn in t Sartorius, chnh xc 0,01g, khi lng cn: 0-610g.
Nht kt Ostwald.
My o nht Brookfield, model: RVDVE.
My o cu trc TA XT plus.
My o pH hiu Orion 3 Star.
Dng c thy tinh.
3.3 Phng php th nghim
y chng ti kho st v yu t bin tnh v s thay i nht sau
nhng khong thi gian bin tnh xc nh.
Ban u chng ti chun b mu tinh bt iu kin cha bin tnh v xc
nh nht. Kt qu dng so snh vi cc gi tr nht ca tinh bt trc
khi bin tnh
22
Phng php chun b mu chun: cn 5g tinh bt vo cc thy tinh. Lm
t mu bng 100ml nc ct. Khuy trn dung dch trong 3 pht, sau cho ln
bp khuy t nhit 40 oC v tc l 250 rpm. Sau tin hnh o nht.
3.3.1 Phng php bin tnh bng axit
Trn c s nghin cu ca Singh v Ali v nh hng ca cc loi axit khac
nhau (HCl, HNO3, H2SO4, H3PO4) trn cc loi tinh bt khc nhau (tinh bt la,
bp, u xanh, ...) n qu trnh bin tnh tinh bt, chng ti chn quy trnh sn
xut sau y nghin cu bin hnh trn tinh bt bp bng axit HCl.
Phng php thc hin
Cn 5g tinh bt vo cc thy tinh. Lm t mu bng 10ml nc ct, sau
thm 90ml dung dch HCl 0,25M. Khuy trn dung dch trong 3 pht, sau cho
ln bp khuy t nhit 40 oC v tc l 250 rpm nhng khong thi gian
khc nhau (0,5h; 1h; 1,5h) v tin hnh o nht.
Tinh bt
10ml H2O
Ha trn
90ml HCl
Bin tnh
40 oC
Khuy trn
o nht
Hnh 3.1: S bin tnh tinh bt bng axit
Bng 3.1: Kho st thi gian bin tnh v nng ca HCl

Nng HCl Thi gian khuy
0,5h
0,25M
1h
1,5h
23
3.3.2 Phng php bin tnh bng baz
thm 90ml dung dch NaOH pH = 10. Khuy trn dung dch trong 3 pht, sau
cho ln bp khuy t nhit 40 oC v tc l 250 rpm nhng khong thi
gian khc nhau (0,5h; 1h; 1,5h) v tin hnh o nht.
Tinh bt
10ml H2O
Ha trn
90ml NaOH
Bin tnh
40 oC
Khuy trn
o nht
Hnh 3.2: S bin tinh bt bng NaOH
Bng 3.2 : Kho st thi gian bin tnh bng NaOH pH = 10

Mu Thi gian khuy
1
0,5h
1h
1,5h
3.3.3 Phng php bin tnh bng H2O2

thm 90ml dung dch H2O2 0,3%. Khuy trn dung dch trong 3 pht, sau cho
ln bp khuy t nhit 40 oC v tc l 250 rpm nhng khong thi gian
khc nhau (0,5h; 1h; 1,5h) v tin hnh o nht.
24
Tinh bt
10ml H2O
Ha trn
90ml H2O2
Bin tnh
40 oC
Khuy trn
o nht
Hnh 3.3: S bin tnh tinh bt bng H2O2
Bng 3.3: Kho st thi gian bin tnh bng H2O2
Mu Thi gian khuy
1
0,5h
1h
1,5h
3.3.4 Th nghim s dng tinh bt bin tnh n nh cu trc sa chua

Tinh bt bin tnh bng cc phng php trn c s dng vi hm lng 1%
(so vi lng sa chua) b sung vo sa chua so snh vi cht lng mu sa ch
s dng tinh bt khng bin tnh.
S dng my do pH, my o nht v my o cu trc nh gi cht lng
sn phm cc mu:
Mu A: sa chua khng b sung tinh bt bin tnh.
Mu B1: sa chua b sung tinh bt bin tnh bng HCl 0,25M trong 0,5h.
Mu B2: sa chua b sung tinh bt bin tnh bng HCl 0,25M trong 1h.
Mu B3:sa chua b sung tinh bt bin tnh bng HCl 0,25M trong 1,5h.
Mu C1: sa chua b sung tinh bt bin tnh bng NaOH pH=10 trong 0,5h.
Mu C2: sa chua b sung tinh bt bin tnh bng NaOH pH=10 trong 1h.
Mu C3: sa chua b sung tinh bt bin tnh bng NaOH pH=10 trong 1,5h.
25
Mu D1: sa chua b sung tinh bt bin tnh bng H2O2 0,3%trong 0,5h.
Mu D2: sa chua b sung tinh bt bin tnh bng H2O2 0,3%trong 1h.
Mu D3: sa chua b sung tinh bt bin tnh bng H2O2 0,3%trong 1,5h.
My o nht Brookfield s dng spindle 2 dng a trn ng knh
47mm. c trng lu bin ca sa chua c o bng cch phng php bc
thang: tng dn tc ct t 0 120 rpm sau gim dn v 0 v ti mi tc
ct sn phm c gi n inh trong 5 pht.
Cu trc ca gel sa chua c xc nh da trn cng ca mu o bng
my o TA-XT plus theo phng php nn vi u o dng a trn ng knh ?,
tc nn 10 mm/s.
Mi mu s c o 3 ln v ly trung bnh.
26
Chng 4
KT QU V NHN XT
4.1 Kt qu o thi gian chy ca tinh bt khng bin tnh mu i chng
Bng 4.1: Thi gian chy ca tinh bt khng bin tnh

Tinh bt
Thi gian chy (s)
Tinh bt khng bin tnh
1663.68
4.2 Kt qu o thi gian chy ca tinh bt bin tnh bng axit
tnh ti nng HCl 0,25M
Nhn xt:
So vi tinh bt cha bin tnh thi gian chy ca tinh bt bin tnh bng axit
nh hn rt nhiu. iu chng t c s thay i v mt kch thc ca
phn t tinh bt.Khi hm lng axit tng th cng c nhiu ion H+ tn cng vo
mch t bo nn phn ct cng nhiu.
cng nng axit, thi gian chy tng t l nghch vi thi gian bin tnh.
Tc l thi gian bin tnh cng lu th thi gian chy cng nh ngha l phn t
27
lng ca tinh bt cng nh. C th ni mc phn ct mch tinh bt tng
cng thi gian bin tnh.
Hnh 4.2: Bin tnh tinh bt bng HCl

4.3 Kt qu o thi gian chy ca tinh bt bin tnh bng NaOH pH = 10
tnh bng NaOH pH = 10
28
Nhn xt:
Khi bin tnh bng NaOH kch thc phn t tinh bt cng c s thay i. Bng
chng l thi gian chy ca tinh bt gim i ng k so vi thi gian chy ca
tinh bt khng bin tnh.
Vi NaOH, thi gian chy gim khi thi gian bin tnh tng. iu cho thy
thi gian bin tnh di th mch tinh bt b ct ngn hn.
Trong mi trng kim, tinh bt ha tan rt d v kim lm ion ha tng phn
v do lm cho s hydrat ha tt hn. Kim c th ph hy tinh bt t u
nhm cui kh thng qua dng enol. Do so vi axit, mc phn ct mch
tinh bt bng NaOH nh hn.
Vi NaOH, khi bin tnh tinh bt thng xut hin mu hng, c th do s thay
i cu trc ha lp th tinh bt.
4.4 Kt qu o thi gian chy ca tinh bt bin tnh bng H2O2 0,3%
tnh bng H2O2 0,3%
Nhn xt:
Khi x l tinh bt vi H2O2 kch thc phn t tinh bt cng c s thay i.
Cng nng dung dch H2O2 th thi gian chy t l nghch vi thi gian bin
tnh. Ngha l thi gian bin tnh cng lu th thi gian chy cng nh. iu
chng t mch tinh bt b ct ngn tng t l vi thi gian bin tnh lm cho
phn t lng ca tinh bt nh.
29
So vi axit v bazo th mc bin tnh bng H2O2 c phn thp hn. Bng
chng l thi gian chy ln hn, ngha l mch tinh bt cn di.
Ngoi kh nng ct mch tinh bt, H2O2 cn c kh nng oxi ha tinh bt cc
v tr carbon khc nhau.
4.5 ng dng tinh bt bin tnh n nh cu trc sa chua

4.5.1 pH ca cc mu sn phm
Hnh 4.5: Phi trn tinh bt bin tnh vo sa chua

Bng 4.2: Gi tr pH ca cc mu sa chua
Mu
B1
B2
B3
C1
C2
C3
D1
D2
D3
Ln 1
5,26
4,10
3,70
3,94
5,11
5,18
5,21
4,96
4,99
5.02
Ln 2
5,27
4,12
3,60
3,95
5,12
5,18
5,23
4,96
4,98
5.03
Ln 3
5,23
4,16
3,70
3,95
5,11
5,17
5,23
4,98
4,99
5.03
Trung bnh
5,25
4,13
3,67
3,95
5,11
5,18
5,22
4,97
4,99
5,03
Da vo bng 10 v ph lc 1cho thy gi tr pH ca cc mu sa chua c s khc bit

tin cy 95% (P=0,00<0,05). Nh vy, khi b sung tinh bt bin tnh vo sa chua
th pH ca sa u gim v pH gim nhiu nht cc mu sa c b sung tinh bt
30
bin tnh bng HCl. iu ny c th gii thch l vn cn mt lng nh HCl cha ha
tan ht lng tinh bt, tuy nhin nng ca HCl kh thp nn s khng nh hng
n mc an ton ca sn phm. Trong khi , cc mu sn phm c b sung tinh
bt bin tnh bng NaOH v H2O2 th pH thay i khng nhiu nn nhng mu ny c
th gi nguyn c v ca sn phm sa chua.
4.5.2 Mi quan h gia nht v tc ct ca cc mu sa chua c b sung
tinh bt bin tnh
31
Hnh 4.6: Mi quan h gia nht v tc ct ca cc mu sa chua c b sung

tinh bt bin tnh
Nhn xt:
th biu din mi quan h gia nht v tc ct cho thy cc mu sa
chua c b sung tinh bt bin tnh bng acid s c cu trc gel tt hn cc mu cn li.
ng gi do c trng ca sa chua khng b nh hng bi vic b sung tinh bt
bin tnh. nht cao ca cc mu sa c b sung tinh bt bin tnh bng acid l do
s thay i pH ca sn phm. i vi sa chua, pH gim trong mt mc nht nh
s lm tng gel. iu ny mang li u im cho cc sn phm sa chua trong qu
trnh bo qun v n gip n nh cu trc sn phm. Kt qu th nghim cho thy
nhng mu sa chua c b sung tinh bt bin tnh bng HCl trong 1h s tt hn so vi
mu b sung tinh bt bin tnh trong 0,5h v 1,5h. V vy, thi gian bin tnh tinh bt
bng HCl khng cn qu di.
Trong khi , tinh bt bin tnh bng NaOH v H2O2 nh hng ln sn phm sa
chua rt c bit: trong khi pH ca h gn nh khng thay i, nht ca sn phm
gim r rt v iu ny c th l do cc tng tc ha hc gia cc phn t ca h keo
hn l nh hng ca tng tc tnh in.
32
4.5.3 So snh ng sut ct v tc ct ca cc mu sn phm sa chua
tang toc do cat
giam toc do cat
Khng c tinh bt
ng sut ct (Pa)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
100
200
Tc ct (1/s)
300
Bin tnh vi HCl 0,25M

ng sut ct (Pa)
30
400
tang toc do cat

giam toc do cat
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
100
200
Tc ct (1/s)
300
ng sut ct (Pa)
Bin tnh vi NaOH pH 10
400
tang toc do cat

giam toc do cat
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
100
200
Tc ct (1/s)
300
400
33
tang toc do cat
giam toc do cat
ng sut ct (Pa)
Bin tnh vi H2O2

18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
100
200
300
400
Tc ct (1/s)
Hnh 4.7: Quan h ca ng sut ct v tc ct ca cc mu sa chua

Nhn xt:
Khi so snh s thay i ng sut ct ca sn phm khi tng v gim dn tc ct,
c th thy rng cc mu sa chua c b sung tinh bt bin tnh bng HCl lm tng
qu trnh tr pha ca h gel: nht ca cc sn phm ny khng th phc hi li gi
tr ban u ngay c khi chm dt tc ng ca lc ct. Trong khi , cc mu sa chua
b sung tinh bt bin tnh bng NaOH em li mt s n nh cao cho sn phm di
nh hng ca lc ct bi v gn nh khng c s tr pha trong cc mu sa ny. iu
ny tt cho vic vn chuyn cc sn phm trong ng ng bi v cc thng s ca sn
phm s thay i tc thi di tc dng ca ngai lc v c th phc hi li gi tr ban
u khi chm dt tc ng ca ngoi lc.
34
Hnh 4.8: o nht ca sa chua c b sung tinh bt bin tnh
4.5.4 Tin hnh o cu trc cc mu sa chua
Sau khi tin hnh o nht cng nh nh gi ng sut ct v tc ct ca cc mu
sa chua, cc mu ny c nh gi cu trc bng my TA XT plus. Mi mu tin
hnh 3 ln o v ly trung bnh. Kt qu c trnh by trong bng 4.3.
Bng 4.3: Kt qu o cu trc ca cc mu sa chua
Mu
Ln 1
Ln 2
Ln 3
Trung bnh
Nhn xt:
A
8,7
9,0
10,8
9.50
B1
9,8
10,8
9,1
9.90
B2
10,6
10,5
10,3
10.47
B3
10,5
9,4
9,3
9.73
C1
10,0
9,3
9,3
9.53
C2
9,2
9,2
9,8
9.40
C3
9,3
10,0
8,8
9.37
D1
10,3
9,2
8,6
9.37
D2
9,0
9,3
10,3
9.53
D3
9,5
9,1
10,9
9.83
Theo ph lc 2, cng ca cc mu sa chua khc bit khng c ngha tin cy

95% (P = 0,7318> 0,05). Nh vy, mc d c b sung tinh bt bin tnh vo cc mu
ny nhng cu trc chungca sa chua hu nh l khng i. Tuy nhin, theo bng 4.3
th cc mu sa c b sung tinh bt bin tnh bng HCl u lm tng cng ca sa
chua so vi mu khng b sung tinh bt bin tnh, iu ny cho thy tinh bt bin tnh
bng acid lm cho cu trc gel vng chc nht. Trong khi , cc mu sa c b sung
tinh bt bin tnh bng NaOH v H2O2 th lm cng gim hoc tng nn cu trc
khng n nh.
35
Hnh 4.9: o cu trc sa chua
36
CHNG 5
KT LUN V NGH
Mc ch ca ti l nghin cu sn xut tinh bt bin tnh bng cc phng php
khc nhau v sau ng dng tinh bt bin tnh ny nh cu trc ca sa chua.
T cc ti liu tham kho, c rt nhiu cch bin tnh tinh bt trong cch bin
tnh bng HCl, NaOH v H2O2 n gin, khng yu cu thit b cng nh ha cht t
tin v thi gian bin tnh tng i ngn (t 0,5 1,5h). Tinh bt bin tnh bng HCl
cho hiu sut cao nht trong khi tinh bt bin tnh bng NaOHv H2O2th mc phn
ct mch tinh bt nh hn dn n bin tnh c phn thp hn.
T cc mu tinh bt bin tnh, trn cc mu ny vo sa chua theo 1 t l nht
nh. Kho st quan h gia nht v tc ct ca cc mu sa chua bng my
Brookfield th thy c rng mu sa chua c b sung tinh bt bin tnh bng acid s
c cu trc gel tt hn cc mu cn li trong mu sa chua c b sung tinh bt bin
tnh bng HCl trong 1h s tt hn so vi mu b sung tinh bt bin tnh trong 0,5h v
1,5h.Bn cnh , kho st v mi quan h gia ng sut ct v tc ct ca cc mu
sa cng cho thycc mu sa chua c b sung tinh bt bin tnh bng HCl lm tng
qu trnh tr pha ca h gel,trong khi cc mu b sung tinh bt bin tnh bng NaOH
em li mt s n nh cao cho sn phm v gn nh khng c s tr pha trong cc
mu ny.
T cc mu sa chua ny, kho st o cu trc gel bng my TA_XTplus th thy
rng mu sa c b sung tinh bt bin tnh bng HCl u lm tng cng ca sa
chua so vi mu khng b sung tinh bt bin tnh, iu ny cho thy tinh bt bin tnh
bng acid lm cho cu trc gel n nh nht.
tinh bt bin tnh ny c th ng dng trong bo qun v ch bin thc phm
cn nghin cu thm mt s vn sau:
Nghin cu thm nhiu phng php bin tnh tinh bt cho hiu sut cao v
lm gim thi gian bin tnh.
Xc nh hm lng HCl, NaOH v H2O2 cn li sau khi bin tnh tinh bt v
kho st nh hng ca hm lng ca cc cht ny ln sn phm sa chua.
37
S dng cc phng php khc nh gi mc bin tnh ca tinh bt bn
cnh phng php o thi gian chy (o mc trng hp, nhiu x, )
S dng phng php nh gi cm quan nh gi mc a thch ca
ngi tiu dng v cc ch tiu mu sc, mi v cng nh cu trcsn phm c
b sung tinh bt bin tnh.
38
TI LIU THAM KHO

1) Ali, SZ &Kempf, W (1986), On the degradation of photo starch during acid
modificaton and hypochloride oxidation. Starch Staerke, 38, 83, 86.
2) Banks, W, Greendwood, C, T & Muir D,D (1971), The charaacterrization of
starch and its component, Part 3, Staerke 23, PP:118 -124.
3) L Ngc T (ch bin), Bi c Hi, Lu Dun, Ng Hu Hp, ng Th Thu,
Nguyn Trng Cn (1999), Ha hc thc phm, NXB khoa hc k thut H Ni.
4) L Vn Hong (2008), Tinh bt thc phm, gio trnh i hc Bch khoa
Nng.
5) Nguyn Ngc Dng (2000), Bin tnh tinh bt v s dng tinh bt bin tnh, Lun
vn Thc S, i hc Bch khoa Nng.
6) Phm Vn Hng (2000), Xc nh mt s tnh cht ca tinh bt sn, khoai lang,
khoai ty, dong ring v nghin cu mt s thng s cng ngh trong sn xut tinh
bt bin tnh bng axit HCl, Lun vn Cao hc, i hc Bch Khoa H Ni.
7) Trng Th Minh Hnh(2003), Nghin cu cc dng bin hnh tinh bt hoa mu
v ng dng trong cng nghip thc phm, Lun n tin s k thut,i hc Bch
khoa Nng.
8) Trng Th Minh Hnh, L Vn Hong, Bin Th Khnh Phc (2002), Nghin
cu bin hnh tinh bt bng phng php axit, Tp ch Khoa hc v Cng ngh s
2, Tr. 30-34.
9) Trng Vnh (2007), L thuyt v thc hnh Thng k ng dng v phng php
th nghim, H Nng Lm TPHCM.
10) Wurzurb, O. B (1984), Modification starches: Properites and uses, CRC Press,
Inc. Boca Raton, Florida.
39
PH LC A
Ph lc A1: Phn tch ANOVA v pH ca cc mu sa chua
Source
Between groups
Within groups
Total (Corr.)
ANOVA Table for pH by Mau

Sum of Squares
Df Mean Square
F-Ratio
9.53528
9
1.05948
2063.91
0.0102667
20 0.000513333
9.54555
29
Mau
B2
B3
B1
D1
D2
D3
C1
C2
C3
A
Multiple Range Tests for pH by Mau

Method: 95.0 percent LSD
Count Mean
Homogeneous Groups
3
3.66667 X
3
3.94667 X
3
4.12667 X
3
4.96667 X
3
4.98667 X
3
5.02667 X
3
5.11333 X
3
5.17667 X
3
5.22333 X
3
5.25333 X
Contrast
A - B1
A - B2
A - B3
A - C1
A - C2
A - C3
A - D1
A - D2
A - D3
B1 - B2
B1 - B3
B1 - C1
B1 - C2
B1 - C3
B1 - D1
B1 - D2
B1 - D3
B2 - B3
B2 - C1
B2 - C2
B2 - C3
B2 - D1
B2 - D2
B2 - D3
B3 - C1
B3 - C2
B3 - C3
B3 - D1
B3 - D2
B3 - D3
C1 - C2
C1 - C3
C1 - D1
C1 - D2
C1 - D3
C2 - C3
Sig.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Difference
1.12667
1.58667
1.30667
0.14
0.0766667
0.03
0.286667
0.266667
0.226667
0.46
0.18
-0.986667
-1.05
-1.09667
-0.84
-0.86
-0.9
-0.28
-1.44667
-1.51
-1.55667
-1.3
-1.32
-1.36
-1.16667
-1.23
-1.27667
-1.02
-1.04
-1.08
-0.0633333
-0.11
0.146667
0.126667
0.0866667
-0.0466667
+/- Limits
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
0.0385888
P-Value
0.0000
40
C2 - D1
*
0.21
0.0385888
C2 - D2
*
0.19
0.0385888
C2 - D3
*
0.15
0.0385888
C3 - D1
*
0.256667
0.0385888
C3 - D2
*
0.236667
0.0385888
C3 - D3
*
0.196667
0.0385888
D1 - D2
-0.02
0.0385888
D1 - D3
*
-0.06
0.0385888
D2 - D3
*
-0.04
0.0385888
* denotes a statistically significant difference.
Ph lc A2: Phn tch ANOVA v cng ca cc mu sa chua

Source
Between groups
Within groups
Total (Corr.)
ANOVA Table for Do cung by Do cung.Mau

Sum of Squares
Df Mean Square
F-Ratio
3.123
9
0.347
0.66
10.4667
20 0.523333
13.5897
29
Multiple Range Tests for Do cung by Do cung.Mau
Do cung.Mau
D1
C3
C2
A
C1
D2
B3
D3
B1
B2
Contrast
A - B1
A - B2
A - B3
A - C1
A - C2
A - C3
A - D1
A - D2
A - D3
B1 - B2
B1 - B3
B1 - C1
B1 - C2
B1 - C3
B1 - D1
B1 - D2
B1 - D3
B2 - B3
B2 - C1
B2 - C2
B2 - C3
B2 - D1
B2 - D2
B2 - D3
B3 - C1
B3 - C2
B3 - C3
Method: 95.0 percent LSD

Count Mean
Homogeneous Groups
3
9.36667 X
3
9.36667 X
X
3
9.4
X
3
9.5
3
9.53333 X
3
9.53333 X
3
9.73333 X
3
9.83333 X
X
3
9.9
3
10.4667 X
Sig.
Difference
-0.4
-0.966667
-0.233333
-0.0333333
0.1
0.133333
0.133333
-0.0333333
-0.333333
-0.566667
0.166667
0.366667
0.5
0.533333
0.533333
0.366667
0.0666667
0.733333
0.933333
1.06667
1.1
1.1
0.933333
0.633333
0.2
0.333333
0.366667
+/- Limits
1.23211
1.23211
1.23211
1.23211
1.23211
1.23211
1.23211
1.23211
1.23211
1.23211
1.23211
1.23211
1.23211
1.23211
1.23211
1.23211
1.23211
1.23211
1.23211
1.23211
1.23211
1.23211
1.23211
1.23211
1.23211
1.23211
1.23211
P-Value
0.7318
41
B3 - D1
0.366667
1.23211
B3 - D2
0.2
1.23211
B3 - D3
-0.1
1.23211
C1 - C2
0.133333
1.23211
C1 - C3
0.166667
1.23211
C1 - D1
0.166667
1.23211
C1 - D2
0.0
1.23211
C1 - D3
-0.3
1.23211
C2 - C3
0.0333333
1.23211
C2 - D1
0.0333333
1.23211
C2 - D2
-0.133333
1.23211
C2 - D3
-0.433333
1.23211
C3 - D1
0.0
1.23211
C3 - D2
-0.166667
1.23211
C3 - D3
-0.466667
1.23211
D1 - D2
-0.166667
1.23211
D1 - D3
-0.466667
1.23211
D2 - D3
-0.3
1.23211
* denotes a statistically significant difference.
42
PH LC B
BIU - TH
Hnh 1: Ci t thng s my o cu trc
Hnh 1: cng ca sa chua khng b sung tinh bt bin tnh
43
a)
b)
c)
Hnh 2: cng ca sa chua c b sung tinh bt bin tnh bng HCl

a) 0,5h
b) 1h c) 1.5h
44
a)
b)
c)
Hnh 3: cng ca sa chua c b sung tinh bt bin tnh bng NaOH

a) 0,5h
b) 1h c) 1.5h
45
a)
b)
c)
Hnh 4: cng ca sa chua c b sung tinh bt bin tnh bng H2O2

a) 0,5h
b) 1h c) 1.5h

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B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC NNG LM THNH PH H CH MINH

NGHIN CU SN XUT TINH BT BIN TNH

Gio vin hng dn: KS. Dip Thanh Tng

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Tng quan tinh bt ....................................................................................... 5

Cu trc tinh th .................................................................................... 7

Cc phn ng tiu biu .......................................................................... 7

Phn ng thy phn........................................................................... 7

Phn ng to phc ............................................................................ 7

Tnh hp th ca tinh bt ................................................................... 8

Kh nng hp th nc v kh nng ha tan ca tinh bt ................. 8

Nhng tnh cht vt l ca huyn ph tinh bt trong nc ................. 9

Tnh ha tan ca tinh bt ................................................................... 9

Tnh cht h ha ca tinh bt ............................................................ 9

Tnh cht c kt cu ca h tinh bt .................................................. 9

Kh nng to gel v thoi ha gel ................................................... 10

Tinh bt bin tnh ....................................................................................... 10

Tng quan ............................................................................................. 10

Phn loi tinh bt bin tnh ................................................................. 10

Phng php bin tnh tinh bt........................................................... 11

Phng php vt l.......................................................................... 11

Phng php ha hc ...................................................................... 13

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Bin hnh bng cch to lin kt ngang ........................................... 17

ng dng tinh bt bin tnh ....................................................................... 19

ng dng trong bnh m nng .......................................................... 19

Lm cht n nh sa chua .................................................................. 20

Sn xut bnh phng tm .................................................................... 20

Sn xut bnh quy xp......................................................................... 20

Thi gian v a im th nghim .............................................................. 21

Nguyn vt liu, thit b v dng c th nghim ........................................ 21

Nguyn vt liu th nghim .................................................................. 21

Thit b v dng c th nghim ............................................................ 21

Phng php th nghim ............................................................................ 21

Phng php bin tnh bng axit ........................................................ 22

Phng php bin tnh bng baz ...................................................... 23

Phng php bin tnh bng H2O2 ...................................................... 23

Th nghim s dng tinh bt bin tnh n nh cu trc sa chua ... 24

Kt qu o thi gian chy ca tinh bt khng bin tnh mu i chng

Kt qu o thi gian chy ca tinh bt bin tnh bng axit ...................... 26

Kt qu o thi gian chy ca tinh bt bin tnh bng NaOH pH = 10 ... 27

ng dng tinh bt bin tnh n nh cu trc sa chua ........................... 29

4.5.2 Mi quan h gia nht v tc ct ca cc mu sa chua c b

So snh ng sut ct v tc ct ca cc mu sn phm sa chua . 32

Tin hnh o cu trc cc mu sa chua ............................................ 34

CHNG 5 KT LUN V NGH ............................................................... 36

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DANH SCH CC HNH

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DANH SCH CC BNG

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Hnh 2.1: Cu trc phn t tinh bt

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glycoside. Mi nhnh trong phn t amylopectin cha khong 15-30 gc

Hnh 2.3: Cu trc phn t Amylopectin

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Hnh 2.4: C ch phn ng thy phn

Phn ng thy phn ct t lin kt - D (1,4) glycoside bng cc tc nhn