CATION NHM I Ag+, Pb2+, Hg2+

Dung dch ban u

+ HCl d, ly tm

Ta
+ ED
o t si

Nc ly tm
ly tm

Nc ly tm
Chia 2 ng nghim + KI + K CrO
2 4

Ta
+ NH OH
4

' vng

' vng

' xm en
Ly tm

C Hg 2+

C Pb 2+

Nc ly tm
+ HNO3 (cho nhiu HNO3 )

Ta

' trng

C Ag+

Dung dch ban u cho tc dng vi thuc th nhm HCl d, thy ta trng. Cho ly tm, b dch, ly ta. Phn ta cho nc ct vo, un si k, cho ly tm. Chia lm 2 ng nghim: 1 ng c ta, 1 ng c nc ly tm. ng 1: phn ta cho NH4OH vo th thy xut hin ta xm en C Hg22+. Mang dung dch c ta ny ly tm, tch ta ly nc ly tm, cho HNO3 vo th thy xut hin ta trng C Ag+ ng 2: Nc ly tm chia lm 2 ng nghim. ng 1 cho tc dng vi KI v ng 2 cho tc dng vi K2CrO4 thy xut hin ta vng C Pb2+ Kt lun: ng nghim c ion Ag+, Pb2+, Hg22+

n tp TH Ha nh tnh Lp D12B7 Khoa Dc Trng TC KT-CN Cu Long

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CATION NHM II Ba2+, Ca2+

Dung dch ban u
+ H 2SO 4 d + V cn, ly tm

Ta
un si k + Na 2CO 3 bh (2-3ml) B dch, ly ta (lm 3 ln) Ly tm

Nc ly tm

Ta
lc + CH 3COOH 2ml + K 2CrO 4 (nhiu) tan

Nc ly tm

' vng
Ly tm + (NH4 ) 2 C 2O4

' vng

Nc ly tm

' trng

C Ba 2+ C Ca2+

Dung dch ban u cho tc dng vi thuc th nhm H2SO4 d + V cn, thy ta trng, ly tm. B dch, ly ta. Cho Na2CO3 bo ha vo phn ta, lc cho tan ta, un si, ly tm v ly ta (lm 3 ln) Phn ta thu c cho CH3COOH vo, lc k cho tan ta, sau cho K2CrO4 (nhiu) vo th thy xut hin ta vng C Ba2+ Mang i ly tm, b ta ly nc ly tm. Cho (NH4)2C2O4 vo nc ly tm th thy xut hin ta trng C Ca2+ Kt lun: ng nghim c ion Ba2+, Ca2+

n tp TH Ha nh tnh Lp D12B7 Khoa Dc Trng TC KT-CN Cu Long

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CATION NHM III Al3+, Zn2+

Dung dch ban u
+ NaOH t t n d, ly tm (nu c ta)

Nc ly tm
un si + 1ml NH 4 Cl/10 git NH 4OH Ly tm

Ta

Nc ly tm
+ Cu
2+

Ta
nu xanh + HNO3 khng xanh + MTA lc + HNO tan, + Aluminon/m Acetat

' tm sim

' bng

C Zn

2+

C Al

3+

Dung dch ban u cho tc dng vi thuc th nhm NaOH t t cho n d, ly tm (nu c ta), b ta ly dch. Cho nc ly tm thu c tc dng vi NH4Cl/NH4OH, un si nh, ly tm, tch ta v dch lm 2 ng nghim. Phn ta thu c cho HNO3 vo, lc k cho tan ta, cho Aluminon/m Acetat vo, thy xut hin ta bng C Al3+ Cn nc ly tm, cho Cu2+ vo, nu thy xanh th cho HNO3 vo cho n khi mt mu xanh th cho MTA vo, thy xut hin ta tm sim C Zn2+ Kt lun: ng nghim c ion Al3+, Zn2+

n tp TH Ha nh tnh Lp D12B7 Khoa Dc Trng TC KT-CN Cu Long

-3-

ANION NHM I Br-, I-, ClDung dch ban u

+ CHCl 3 , + HCl, Cl 2 bha, lc k, quan st lp CHCl 3

Vng
+ Cl 2 bha d, lc mnh, quan st lp CHCl
3

Tm
+ Cl bha d, lc mnh, quan st lp CHCl
3

Vng nht Khng mu Vng nht

C Br C I - C Br , I

Dung dch ban u chia lm 2 ng nghim. ng nghim 1: cho CHCl3, HCl, Cl2 bo ha vo, lc k v quan st lp CHCl3. Lp CHCl3 c mu vng, cho tip Cl2 bo ha d vo, lc mnh v quan st lp CHCl3, thy mu vng nht C Br Lp CHCl3 c mu tm, cho tip Cl2 bo ha d vo, lc mnh v quan st lp CHCl3, thy xut hin mu vng nht C Br- v I-. Nu thy khng mu C I Tm Cl-: ng nghim 2 cho AgNO3 d/HNO3 vo, c kt ta trng, em ly tm ly ta b dch. Cho 2ml (NH4)2CO3 vo ta thu c, lc k cho tan ta, ly tm, ly dch b ta. Cho HNO3 vo dch, ta thy xut hin ta trng C Cl Kt lun: ng nghim c ion Br-, I-, Cl-

n tp TH Ha nh tnh Lp D12B7 Khoa Dc Trng TC KT-CN Cu Long

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