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B GIO DC V O TO TRNG I HC NNG LM THNH PH H CH MINH

BI TIU LUN MN HA HC THC PHM TI: CHT CHNG OXY HA (POLYPHENOL) TRONG TR V MT S LOI TRI CY (DU TY, RASPBERRY, HT NHO) GVHD: L HNG PHNG SINH VIN THC HIN: LNG NH HNG HUNH I S L TH KIM NGN 10139073 10139190 10139138

TP.H CH MINH

Thng 5 / 2013

Mc lc
Mc lc....................................................................................................................... 2 I. GC T DO CHT CHNG OXY HA....................................................................3 1. Gc t do:........................................................................................................... 3 2. Cht chng oxy ha............................................................................................ 4 http://thaomoc.com.vn/index.php/kien-thuc/item/92-suc-manh-cua-chat-chong-oxyhoa ............................................................................................................................ 5 II. CHT CHNG OXY HA (POLYPHENOL) TRONG TR V MT S LOI TRI CY (DU TY, RASPBERRY, HT NHO)..........................................................................5 1. Polyphenol:......................................................................................................... 5 a. Khi qut:......................................................................................................... 5 b. Tnh chng oxy ha.......................................................................................... 6 2. Cht chng oxy ha trong tr............................................................................ 6 3. Raspberry............................................................................................................ 8 4. Ht nho............................................................................................................... 9 c) Proantho-cyanilin........................................................................................... 13 5. Du ty ............................................................................................................ 16 a) Khi qut....................................................................................................... 16 b) Cng dng ca cht chng oxi ha trong du:..............................................17

I. GC T DO CHT CHNG OXY HA 1. Gc t do: Theo nh ngha, Gc T Do ( Free radical ) l bt c phn t ha cht no ch c mt in t duy nht (electron mang in m) hay mt s l in t. Gc t do c tc dng khng tt cho c th lin tc ngay t lc con ngi mi sanh ra v mi t bo chu s tn cng ca c chc ngn gc t do mi ngy. Nu khng b kim sot, kim ch, gc t do gy ra cc bnh thoi ha nh ung th, x cng ng mch, lm suy yu h thng min dch gy d b nhim trng, lm gim tr tu, teo c quan b phn ngi cao nin. N ph rch mng t bo khin cht dinh dng tht thot, t bo khng tng trng, tu b, ri cht. N to ra cht lipofuscin tch t di da khin ta c nhng vt i mi trn mt, trn mu bn tay. N tiu hy hoc ngn cn s tng hp cc phn t cht m, ng bt, m, enzyme trong t bo. N gy t bin gene, nhim th, DNA, RNA. N lm cht collagen, elastin mt n tnh, do dai khin da nhn nheo, c khp cng nhc. Trong tin trnh ha gi, gc t do cng d phn v c th l nguy c gy t vong. Tuy nhin, khng phi l gc t do no cng ph hoi. Nu c kim ch, n l ngun cung cp nng lng cho c th; to ra cht mu melanine cn cho th gic; gp phn sn xut prostaglandins c cng dng nga nhim trng; tng cng tnh min dch; lm d dng cho s truyn t tn hiu thn kinh, co bp c tht. Trong c th c rt nhiu loi gc t do, m cc gc nguy him hn c l superoxide, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxy nht l hydroxyl radical, mt gc rt phn ng v gy ra nhiu tn thng.

2. Cht chng oxy ha Cht chng oxi ha l mt loi ha cht gip ngn chn hoc lm chm qu trnh oxi ha cht khc. S oxi ha l loi phn ng ha hc trong electron c chuyn sang cht oxi ha, c kh nng to cc gc t do sinh ra phn ng dy chuyn ph hy t bo sinh vt. Cht chng oxi ha ngn qu trnh ph hy ny bng cch kh i cc gc t do, km hm s oxi ha bng cch oxi ha chnh chng. lm vy ngi ta hay dng cc cht kh (nh thiol hay polyphenol) lm cht chng oxi ha. Trong c th, phn ng oxy ha to ra nhng gc t do. C th con ngi to ra c my loi enzym c kh nng trung ha gc t do v mi phn t enzym c th v hiu ha nhiu ngn gc. Cc enzym chnh l superoxide dismutase (SOD ), catalase v glutathione. Mi enzym lin h vo tng phn ng ha hc ring bit. Ngoi ra ta c th trung ha gc t do bng cch dng cht chng oxy ha ( antioxidant ). Cht ny c kh nng lm mt hot tnh ca gc t do tch t trong c th, bin chng thnh nhng phn t v hi, ng thi cng c kh nng duy tr cu trc v chc nng ca t bo. ( Website BS NGUYN C - chuyn sc khe cng ng http://ykhoa.net/cactacgia/nguyenyduc/anhuongtuoivang/08_3_Vai%20Duoc %20Thao.htm ) chng li s bi tng cc gc t do sinh ra qu nhiu m h thng "cht xy ho ni sinh" khng sc cn bng v hiu ho, cc nh khoa hc t vn dng cc "cht chng xy ha ngoi sinh" (tc l t bn ngoi a vo c th) vi mc ch phng bnh, nng cao sc khe, chng lo ha. Cc cht chng xy ha ngoi sinh c xc nh, l beta-caroten, cht khong selen, cc hp cht flavonoid, polyphenol... Cc cht xy ha ngoi, chng c t cc ngun thin nhin l thc phm nh rau ci, tri cy ti v mt s loi dc tho.

http://thaomoc.com.vn/index.php/kien-thuc/item/92-suc-manh-cua-chat-chong-oxyhoa II. CHT CHNG OXY HA (POLYPHENOL) TRONG TR V MT S LOI TRI CY (DU TY, RASPBERRY, HT NHO) 1. Polyphenol: a. Khi qut:

Polyphenol cn c gi l Polyhydroxyphenols l mt lp cu trc ch yu c trng bi s hin din ca bi ln phenol n v cu trc. Ty thuc vo lng gc hydroxyl m cc tiu phn phenol c cc tn gi khc nhau nh:

Phenol Pyrocatechol

Resorcinol

Pyrogallol

Phloroglucinol

Khi cc tiu phn lin kt li thnh mt mng li t 12 n v tr ln ta gi chung l polyphenol.

b. Tnh chng oxy ha Khi tham gia cc qu trnh trong c th, cc polyphenol ng vai tr cht kh ca phn ng oxy ha kh. Cc polyphenol (POH ) phn ng oxy ha gc t do (R ) hot ng mnh ( linh ng ) t mnh tr thnh mt gc t do mi (PO ) . R + POH RH + PO Gc Phenoxyl (PO ) to ra theo phn ng ny c th c n nh thng qua s cng hng v / hoc ni nguyn t hydro lin kt, nh ngh quercetin , hoc kt hp mang li dimerisation sn phm, chm dt cc phn ng dy chuyn: PO + PO PO-OP 2. Cht chng oxy ha trong tr Hin nay, mt trong nhng ngun cung cp cht chng oxy ha t nhin ph bin l tr xanh. Trong tr xanh c nhiu cht c tc dng chng oxy ha, c li cho sc khe.

Cht EGCG trong tr xanh c kh nng chng oxy ha cao. EGCG l vit tt ca epigallocatechin gallate.

Cc nh khoa hc cho rng, EGCG c kh nng dit tr cc virus, vi khun, ngn chn s pht trin ca t bo ung th, ngn nga cc bnh tim mch nh: au tim, t qu, tai bin mch mu no v angina pectoris (au lng ngc c khi s au lan ra cnh tay tri, nguyn nhn do co tht ng mch ca c tm) v lm gim lng ng trong mu ca nhng bnh nhn i tho ng. Thm na, EGCG cn ngn nga cc

cc mu ng lm tc nghn mch mu, nh tc dng ca thuc aspirin vi liu lng nh, m khng c phn ng ph. Mt nghin cu khc nm 1998 khng nh, cht epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) c cng dng trong vic ngn chn s oxy ha lm h hi ADN, bo v v ngn chn s oxy ha cc hng huyt cu. Cc nh nghin cu cn khng nh, cht EGCG rt tt cho da, cho d dy, phi, tt cho tin lit tuyn ca nam gii... Cc nh nghin cu khuyn rng, bn nn ung tr xanh cng nhiu cng tt mi ngy, t nht l 4 ly, k c tr em. Nhng ngi ung hn 10 ly tr xanh mi ngy c th gim c nhiu nguy c bnh, tng cng c sc khng ca c th. Hn th na, cc nh nghin cu Thy in cn cho bit, 2 ly tr xanh mi ngy c th tng c 46% tr nh. www.tribeco.com.vn/.../FAQDetail.aspx?ID EGCG hn ch tc cht t bo, m ra tim nng mi ko di thi gian bo qun tiu huyt cu. Nu b sung cht chng oxy ha vo m da chut trc khi gi nhit lnh, thi gian bo qun s tng thm 7 - 24 tun. Nu cho EGCG lin kt vi lipit v prtein mng t bo, n c kh nng phng nga tn thng m trong qu trnh ng lnh - tan gi. S ri lon chc nng khi cy ghp thng l hu qu ca qu trnh oxy ha, v vy cc tnh nng chng oxy ha ca EGCG c th gip ngn nga hin tng ny. http://www.phobinh.com.vn/en/news/35-tin-tuc/56-chap-chong-oxy-hoa.html 3. Raspberry

Hay cn c gi l qu mm xi y l ngun cung cp cht chng oxy ha gi tr cao. Cht chng oxy ha ch yu l raspberry keton- l mt hp cht phenol t nhin. Tc dng ca n xut pht t vic lm thay i chuyn ha lipid, lm tng s phn gii lipid to ra norepinephrine, gip gim trng lng c th. thc vt, raspberry ketone c tng hp t coumaroyl-CoA V mt cng nghip, cht ny c iu ch bng mt lot phng php qua cc cht trung gian ha hc. Mt trong nhng cch ny c th c thc hin thng qua phn ng hydro ha xc tc aldon cho. Trong axeton v hydroxit natri, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde c th to thnh xeton -cha no. Cht ny sau i qua phn ng hydro ha xc tc sn xut raspberry ketone.

4. Ht nho a) Resveratrol Trong lp v mng ca ht nho, ngi ta tm thy cc cht resveratrol c cu trc ha hc tng ng vi hormone estrogen ngi. Chng c tc dng nh mt cht chng oxy ha, lm gim cholesterol, bo v thnh mch mu trong c th.

Resveratrol (3,5,4 '-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) l mt stilbenoid , mt loi phenol t nhin. N tn ti hai dng ng phn cis v trans, chng thng xuyn bin di qua li.

Trans-resveratrol trong cc dng bt c tm thy s c n nh iu kin m 75% v 40 C trong khng kh. Resveratrol c pht hin trong nho, vit qut, v cc mu ru. Nng dao ng trong khong 1,56-1042 nmol / g trong cc sn phm nho Concord, v 8,63-24,84 mmol / L trong ru vang . Nng ca cht resveratrol cng tng t nh trong nam vit qut v nc p nho 1,07 v 1,56 nmol / g. Cng dng ca Resveratrol trong nho: Bo v tim mch

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Ru vang c cha khong 0,2 n 5,8 mg / l, ty thuc vo ging nho Ung va phi ru vang t lu c bit n gim cc nguy c bnh tim.

Nghin cu cho thy resveratrol trong ru vang c th ng mt vai tr quan trng trong hin tng ny. N t c nhng tc ng ca cc chc nng sau: (1) c ch mch mu t bo biu hin phn t kt dnh; (2) c ch mch mu mn mng tng sinh t bo c bp, (3) kch thch nitric oxide synthase hot ng endolethelial (Enos); (4) c ch kt tp tiu cu, v (5) c ch s peroxy LDL. Tc dng tr i tho ng Trong cc th nghim lm sng trn ngi, resveratrol gim lng ng trong mu c hai giai on Ib v giai on IIa nghin cu, c thc hin bi Sirtris Pharmaceuticals, Inc . Bo v thn kinh Nm 2005, cc nh iu tra ti Vin Feinstein cho nghin cu y t chng minh trong cc h thng nui cy t bo iu tr resveratrol c lin quan n tc dng c li i vi s tch t ca cc peptide amyloid-beta, mt th phm chnh trong bnh Alzheimer . Trong thng 11 nm 2008, cc nh nghin cu cc Trng Y Weill ca i hc Cornell bo co b sung ch n ung vi resveratrol lm gim ng k hnh thnh mng bm trong no ng vt, mt phn quan trng trong sinh bnh hc ca bnh Alzheimer v cc bnh thoi ha thn kinh khc. Tc dng chng vim

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Cc tc dng chng vim ca resveratrol c chng minh trong mt s nghin cu m hnh ng vt. Resveratrol c ch giai on cp tnh v mn tnh ca qu trnh vim. Khi dng cho th gy ra vim khp, resveratrol bo v sn chng li s tin trin ca vim khp. Tc dng khng virus Nghin cu cho thy resveratrol c ch virus herpes simplex (HSV) loi 1 v 2 bn sao bng cch c ch mt bc sm trong chu k sao chp ca virus. Trong cc nghin cu c th sng trong chut cho thy Resveratrol c ch hoc lm gim HSV nhn rng trong m o v hn ch bnh extravaginal. Da ng vt resveratrol c iu tr cho thy khng c c da r rng, chng hn nh ban . Cc nghin cu cng cho thy resveratrol c ch virus varicella-zoster gy ra , mt s virus cm, virus h hp, cytomegalovirus con ngi . Hn na, resveratrol b sung tng cng chng HIV -1 hot ng ca mt s loi thuc chng HIV. nh hng n mc Testosterol
Chn lc v hi phc MAO-A tc dng c ch ( Rima )

Gim dung np opioid b) Acid Linoleic

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Linoleic acid (LA) l mt axit bo khng bo ha omega-6 mt acid thit yu . N l mt cht lng khng mu nhit phng. c) Proantho-cyanilin Trong cao lm t ht nho c cha cht proantho-cyanidin, l cht chng oxy ha c tc dng ngn chn s pht trin ca nhiu bnh nan y, chng x va ng mch v qu trnh lo ha sm.

n v ca Proantho-cyanidin Cc n phn lin kt vi nhau to nn cc hp cht proantho-cyanidin khc nhau.

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Tc dng ca cht proantho-cynidin c th trn t bo ung th v, d dy, phi v bch cu ngi, cho kt qu tt. Cc dng ung th u b c ch v hot ng ca cc t bo khe mnh c y mnh. Mc tc dng ty thuc vo nng s dng v thi gian cao ht nho. Cht ny cn phng c bnh do virus gy ra, khng virus herpes, bi lit.

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Nhiu n phn lin kt vi nhau to thnh chui polymeric proantho-cyanidins.

Mt qui trnh tng hp proantho-cyanidin

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5. Du ty a) Khi qut

Khng ch l mt loi tri ngon, du ty cn c coi nh v thuc gip ngn chn v chng li nhiu bnh tt.

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Tng cng h min dch Du ty l thc phm giu vitamin C. Vitamin C c vai tr quan trng cho h min dch v l cht chng oxy ha mnh. Vitamin C, sinh t C hay acid ascorbic l mt cht dinh dng thit yu cho cc loi linh trng bc cao, v cho mt s nh cc loi khc. S hin din ca ascorbat l cn thit trong mt lot cc phn ng trao i cht trong tt c cc ng vt v cy ci v c c to ra trong c th bi hu nh tt c cc c th sinh vt, loi tr loi ngi. y l mt cht c mi ngi bit n rng ri l mt vitamin m thiu n th s gy ra bnh scorbut cho con ngi.

Cng thc cu to ca vitamin C

Cng thc cu to trong khng gian ca vitamin C b) Cng dng ca cht chng oxi ha trong du: Vitamin C

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- Cc phn t gc t do l nhn t chnh gy lo ha v c nhng tc ng tiu cc n no, khin cc m no v dy thn kinh tr nn yu i. Vitamin C lm v hiu tc ng trn, ng thi lm tr ha li h thn kinh. - Ngn chn ung th v h min dch khe mnh l c ch phng v tt nht cho sc khe. - Mt cn vitamin C bo v chng khng tip xc vi cc gc t do t nhng tia t ngoi gay gt ca mt tri, vn c th gy tn hi cho cc protein trong ty tinh th. Vitamin C tng cng s khe mnh cho gic mc v vng mc ca mt. - Gip c th to collagen, cht gip da c tnh co gin v n hi. Khi c th mt dn collagen theo tui tc, vitamin C s gip da khe mnh v p hn. -thnh phn chng oxy ha lm gim chng vim khp xng, yu t c th gy vim khp v cng dn n au tim. Acid ellagic

Cc tnh cht khng sinh ca cc acid ellagic c c do kh nng c ch trc tip DNA rng buc ca mt s cht gy ung th, bao gm c cht nitrosamine v polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Cng dng: - c ch s pht trin ca cc t bo ung th. - ngn chn s ph hy ca collagen v nhng phn ng vim, hai yu t chnh dn n s hnh thnh np nhn

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Lutein v zeathancin:

Cng dng: Chng li cc phn t gc t do gy ung th v v hiu nhng tc ng tiu cc n t bo trn c th. Lm mt tc dng ca LDL - cholesterol xu, thng gy ra mu ng cc mao mch. ng thi mang li hiu ng chng vim nn tt cho tim. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellagic_acid) www.khoahocphothong.com.vn/.../dau-tay---vu-khi-chong-nhieu-ben...

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