CHNG : NGUYN T CH 1 : Cc dng bi tp lin quan n cc ht to thnh mt nguyn t, phn t

A Hng dn: I Kin thc chung: 1. in tch ht nhn (Z) = Tng s ht proton(p) = Tng s ht electron (e) 2. S khi nguyn t (A) = Tng s ht proton(p) + Tng s ht notron(n) A= p+n = Z+n = e+n 3. Tng s ht c bn (S) = Tng s ht proton(p) + Tng s ht notron(n) + Tng s ht electron (e) S= p+n+e = Z+n+e 4 . Hiu s ht mang in vi s ht khng mang in (a): a = p + e n = Z + e n = 2Z n = 2e - n II Cch gii: Dng 1 : Cho tng s ht c bn v hiu s ht mang in. C1. Lp h phng trnh lin h gia cc ht p, n e. Gii ra tm Z(p). C2. p dng cng thc : Ch : - Nu l ion Mx+ th ZX = ( S + a + 2x )/4 - Nu l ion Mx- th ZX = ( S + a - 2x )/4 Cu 1 : Nguyn t nguyn t X c tng cc loi ht l 82, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 22. Nguyn t X l: s : Fe Cu 2 : Tng s ht ca nguyn t Y l 52. Trong tng s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht mang in l 16. Nguyn t Y l: s : Cl Cu 3 : Tng s ht ca phn t X c cng thc M2O l 140. Trong phn t X tng s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht mang in l 44. Nguyn t M l: s : K Cu 4 : X v Y l 2 nguyn t kim loi. Tng s ht c bn ca X v Y l 142, Trong tng s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht mang in l 42. S ht mang in trong nguyn t X nhiu hn s ht trong nguyn t Y l 12. Xc nh X v Y. s : Fe, Ca Cu 5 : Tng s ht c bn ca ion M3+ l 79. Trong tng s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht mang in l 19. Ion M l : s : Fe
H Duy Trng - H Ty Nguyn - 0906 471 226

Cu 6 : Tng s ht c bn ca ion X3- l 49. Trong tng s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht mang in l 17. Ion X l : s : P Cu 7 : Tng s ht ca phn t M2X l 140, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 44 ht. S ht mang in trong nguyn t M nhiu hn s ht mang in trong nguyn t X l 22. Phn t M2X l : s : K2O Cu 8 : Tng s ht c bn ca phn t CaX2 l 288, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in 72 ht. Nguyn t X l : s : Br Cu 9 : Tng s ht c bn ca 2 nguyn t X, Y l 96, trong tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht khng mang in l 32. S ht mang in ca nguyn t Y nhiu hn nguyn t X l 8. Hai nguyn t X ,Y ln lt l: s : Mg, Ca Cu 10 : Tng s ht c bn ca ion M2+ l 90, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 22. Nguyn t M l: s : Cu Cu 11 : Tng s ht c bn ca ion X2- l 50, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 18. Nguyn t X l: s : S Cu 12 : Tng s ht c bn ca ion M+ l 155, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 31. Nguyn t M l: s : Ag Cu 13 : Tng s ht c bn ca ion M3- l 49, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 17. Nguyn t X l: s : P Cu 14 : Tng s ht c bn ca ion M2+ l 92, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 20. S ht electron v notron ca X ln lt l: s : 29, 36 Cu 15 : Tng s ht c bn ca ion M3+ l 73, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 17. S ht electron ca ion M3+ l: s : 21

Dng 2 : Cho tng s ht c bn S S dng bt ng thc ca s notron: p n 1,524 p hoc 1 tm gii hn ca p. (vi Z(p) t 2 n 82) Ch : Thay n = S 2Z. Ta c :
S S Z 3.524 3 n 1.524 lp bt ng thc t Z

(Thng vi mt s nguyn t u chnh lch gia n v p khng nhiu thng l 1 hoc 2, nn sau khi chia S cho 3 ta nn chn s nguyn nh gn nht l s Z. Ngoi ra cc em nn p dng cng thc: S = 2Z + n = Z +( Z + n) hay S = Z + A chn nhanh p n)
H Duy Trng - H Ty Nguyn - 0906 471 226

Cu 1: Tng s ht c bn ca nguyn t X l 52. X thuc nhm VIIA. Nguyn t X l:

s : Cl

Cu 2: Tng s ht trong phn t MX l 84 ht, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 28. S notron ca M nhiu hn s khi ca X 12 n v. Tng s ht ca M ln hn tng s ht trong X l 36 ht. Phn t MX l : s: CaO Cu 3: Tng s ht c bn ca nguyn t X l 34. X thuc nhm IA. Nguyn t X l: Cu 4: Tng s ht c bn ca nguyn t X l 40. X thuc nhm IIIA. Nguyn t X l: Cu 5: Tng s ht c bn ca nguyn t X l 58. X thuc nhm IA. Nguyn t X l: s : Na s : Al s : K

Cu 6: Mt nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht proton, notron, electron l 52 v c s khi l 35. S hiu nguyn t ca X l: (C khi A - 2009) s : 17 Cu 7: Nguyn t X c tng s ht c bn l 40 thuc nhm IIIA. S ht mang in ca nguyn t Y c nhiu hn s ht mang in ca nguyn t X 8 ht. Cc nguyn t X, Y ln lt l: s : Al, Cl Cu 8: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht l 155.Trong tng s ht mang in chim 60,64% tng s ht. Nguyn t X l: s : Ag Cu 9: Nguyn t X c tng s ht c bn l 62. S khi A 43 . Nguyn t X l: s : Ca

Cu 10: Tng s ht trong phn t MX l 84 ht, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 28. S notron cua M nhiu hn s khi ca X l 12 n v. S ht trong M ln hn s ht trong X- l 36 ht. Phn t MX l: s : CaO Cu 11: Tng s ht trong phn t MX l 108 ht, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 36. S khi ca M nhiu hn s khi ca X l 8 n v. S ht trong M 2+ ln hn s ht trong X2- l 8 ht. Tnh % khi lng ca M trong MX. s : 55,56% Cu 12 : Tng s ht trong phn t M3X2 l 206 ht, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 58. S notron M nhiu hn s notron ca X l 2 n v. S ht trong X3- ln hn s ht trong M2+ l 13 ht. Xc nh MX. s : Mg3P2

H H Duy Duy Trng Trng - H - H Ty Ty Nguyn Nguyn - 0906 - 0906 471 471 226 226

CHNG : NGUYN T CH 2 : Tnh khi lng nguyn t da vo cc ht c bn

A Hng dn: I Kin thc chung: - Nguyn t khi: L khi lng tng i ca 1 nguyn t tnh theo n v khi lng nguyn t u vi quy c:

1u =

1 = khi lng tuyt i ca 1 nguyn t ng v Cacbon 12. 12

19,9206.1027 kg = 1, 66005.1027 kg 12

1u =

m p = 1,6726.10-27 kg 1u -27 - Khi lng cc ht c bn : m n = 1,6748.10 kg 1u m = 9,1095.10-31kg 0,00055u e

- Khi lng nguyn t l khi lng tuyt i(khi lng thc) ca nguyn t: m = mp + mn + me mp + mn = mht nhn - Khi lng 1 mol nguyn t l khi lng tng i: mtng i = mtuyt i . NA

Khi lng nguyn t tp trung nhn hay khi lng nguyn t

II Cch gii: Vn dng cc kin thc v u; mp; mn; me . Cu 1: Tnh khi lng theo u v nguyn t khi ca cc nguyn t sau: a) Cu, bit khi lng 1 nguyn t Cu l 1,055.10-25kg. b) Au, bit khi lng 1 nguyn t Au l 3,2712.10-25kg. c) Mg, bit khi lng 1 nguyn t Mg l 4,0367.10-25kg. d) Zn, bit khi lng 1 nguyn t Zn l 1,086.10-25kg.

khi lng nhn.

Cu 2: Tnh khi lng u ca cc ht proton, notron v electron bit khi lng theo kg ca tng ht trn ln lt l: 1,6726.10-27kg; 1,6748.10-27kg; 9,1095.10-31kg. Cu 3: a) Tnh khi lng S theo kg, bit s khi ca S l 32. b) Tnh khi lng Ca theo kg, bit s khi ca Ca l 40.
H Duy Trng - H Ty Nguyn - 0906 471 226

c) Tnh khi lng O theo g, bit s khi ca O l 16. d) Tnh khi lng Na theo g, bit s khi ca Na l 11. Cu 4: Nguyn t X c tng s ht c bn l 22, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 6. a) Xc nh s ht p, n , e. b) Xc nh khi lng nguyn t theo kg. s: 7p, 8n, 7e s: 23,4391.10-27kg

Cu 5: Tnh khi lng ca 1 nguyn t Na v ht nhn nguyn t Na theo u, bit Na cha 11p, 12n, 11e. Tnh t l % khi lng ht nhn so vi nguyn t s: 99,97% Cu 6: Khi in phn nc, ngi ta xc nh c ng vi 1g hydro th cng thu c 7,936g oxi. Hy cho bit: a) Mt nguyn t oxi c khi lng gp bao nhiu ln 1 nguyn t hydro. b) Nu chn 1/16 khi lng nguyn t oxi lm n v o th hydro c nguyn t khi l bao nhiu? s: a)15,872 b)1,008 Cu 7: a) Bit nguyn t khi ca C l 12,01. Hy tnh khi lng(g) ca 1mol nguyn t C ? b) Bit nguyn t khi ca O l 15,999. Hy tnh khi lng(g) ca 1mol nguyn t O ? c) Bit nguyn t khi ca K l 39,10. Hy tnh khi lng(g) ca 1mol nguyn t K ? d) Bit nguyn t khi ca Ag l 107,87. Hy tnh khi lng(g) ca 1mol nguyn t Ag ? s: a) 12,009g; b) 15,998g; c)39,098g; d) 107,865g Cu 8: Bit khi lng tng i ca nguyn t oxi l 15,99944g. Tnh khi lng tuyt i ca nguyn t oxi. s: 26,564.10-24g

CHNG : NGUYN T CH 3 : Mi quan h v th tch, bn knh, khi lng ring ca ht nhn v nguyn t
A Hng dn: I Kin thc chung: - Th tch ca ht nhn v nguyn t tnh theo cng thc tnh th tch ca hnh cu:
4 V = r 3
3

Vi :

= 3,14; r l bn knh ht nhn hay bn knh nguyn t.

n v ca V ph thuc vo n v ca r.
H Duy Trng - H Ty Nguyn - 0906 471 226

Ch : 1nm = 10-9m = 10-7cm = 10 A ; 1A = 10-1nm = 10-10m = 10-8cm. - Khi lng ring ca ht nhn hoc nguyn t tnh theo cng thc:

d=
II Cch gii:

m A.M = ( g/cm3 hoc kg/m3 ) V N A .V

Vn dng cc kin thc v u; mp; mn; me , cc cng thc v th tch v khi lng ring. Cu 1: Nguyn t Zn c bn knh r = 1,35.10-1nm v c nguyn t khi l 65u. a) Tnh khi lng ring ca nguyn t km(g/cm3). b) Thc t hu nh ton b khi lng nguyn t tp trung ht nhn c r = 2.10-6nm. Tnh khi lng ring ca ht nhn nguyn t Zn(g/cm3). c) Bit trong thc t cc nguyn t Zn khng c xp kht c vi nhau m c cc khong rng chim th thch khong 30% th tch, phn nguyn t chim 70% th tch. Tnh khi lng ring thc ca nguyn t Zn. Cu 2: Trong 1 t bo ca n v tinh th X( mng lp phng tm din, vi cnh ca hnh lp phng a = 3,62.10-8cm) c 4 n v cu trc. Khi lng ring ca nguyn t ny l 8936kg/m3. Bit t bo lp phng tm din c bn knh nguyn t r =
a 2 . 4

a) Tnh th tch ca cc nguyn t trong 1 t bo v % th tch t bo b nguyn t xm chim b cc nguyn t. b) Xc nh nguyn t X. Cu 3: Nguyn t Zn c r = 1,35.10-8cm v c khi lng nguyn t l 65vC. Tm khi lng ring nguyn t d(g/cm3) ca nguyn t Zn. Cu 4: Nguyn t Al c r =1,43 A v khi lng nguyn t bng 27u. a) Tnh khi lng ring ca nguyn t Al. b) Trong thc t, th tch tht chim bi cc nguyn t Al ch bng 74%, cn li l khe trng. Tnh khi lng ring thc ca Al. Cu 5: Tnh bn knh gn ng ca nguyn t v ht nhn nguyn t Cu, bit khi lng ring ca Cu l 64vC. Mt khc, th tch tht m cc nguyn t chim ch l 74% th tch, cn li l cc khe trng.
o

H Duy Trng - H Ty Nguyn - 0906 471 226

CHNG : NGUYN T CH 4: Cc dng bi tp tm s khi, phn trm ng v v nguyn t khi trung bnh
A Hng dn: I Kin thc chung: - ng v : L nhng nguyn t ca cng 1 nguyn t ha hc, c cng Z nhng A khc nhau do N khc nhau.
35 37 Cl chim 75,77% v 17 Cl chim 24,23%. VD: Nguyn t Clo c 2 ng v bn l: 17

- Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca 1 nguyn t ( A ): V hu ht cc nguyn t ha hc trong t nhin u c nhiu ng v, do nguyn t ca cc nguyn t ny l nguyn t khi trung bnh ca cc ng v, tnh theo cng thc:
A= A1.x1 + A 2 .x 2 + ... + A n .x n 100

Trong :

Ai l s khi ca ng v th i. xi l % s nguyn t ca ng v th i.

VD: Trong t nhin niken c 5 ng v vi t l % tng ng nh sau:

58 28

Ni (67,76%) A=

60 28

Ni (26,16%)

61 28

Ni (1,25%)

62 28

Ni (3,66%)

64 28

Ni (1,16%)

58.67,76 + 60.26,16 + 61.1,25 + 62.3,66 + 64.1,16 = 58,77 100

A=

A1x1 + A 2 x 2 +...+ A n x n x1 + x 2 +...+ x n

Trong :

Ai l s khi ca ng v th i. xi l s ht nguyn t ca ng v th i.

VD: Sau khi phn tch 1 mt mu qung Cu trong t nhin c 2 ng v bn. Vi t l c 1000 nguyn t th c 780 nguyn t
Cu =
63 29

Cu v 220 nguyn t

65 29

Cu . Tnh s khi tb ca Cu.

63.725 + 65.275 = 63,55 725 + 275

H Duy Trng - H Ty Nguyn - 0906 471 226

Cng thc ng cho: A1

A

| A2 - A |
|A 2 -A| n V = 2 = 2 n1 V1 |A-A1|

A2 II Cch gii:

| A - A1 |

Vn dng cc kin thc v u; mp; mn; me , cc cng thc v tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh. Cu 1: Trong t nhin nguyn t Brom c 2 ng v.trong ng v ca ng v cn li l?
79 35

Br chim 54,5%. S khi

11 Cu 2: Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Bo l 10,812u. S nguyn t 5 B l 94 vy s nguyn t 10 5 B l bao nhiu nguyn t?

Cu 3: Nguyn t Argon c 3 ng v trong t nhin l

40 18

38 Ar (99,63%) , 36 18 Ar (0,55%) , 18 Ar (0,06%)

12 13 16 17 Cu 4: Cacbon c 2 ng v bn trong t nhin l 6 C v 6 C ,Oxi c 3 ng v bn l 8 O , 8 O v 18 8 O . S phn t CO2 c to thnh l?

Cu 5: Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Cu l 63,54. Cu c 2 ng v bn l thnh phn % ca mi ng v Cu.

63 29

Cu v

65 29

Cu . Tnh

Cu 6: Hai ng v c s khi trung bnh l 40,08u. Hai ng v ny c s notron hn km nhau l 2. ng v c s khi nh hn chim 96%. Tm s khi ca mi ng v? Cu 7: Mt hn hp gm 2 ng v c s khi trung bnh l 31,1u v c t l phn trn ca cc ht ng v l 90% ,10%. Tng s ht ca 2 ng v l 93 v s ht khng mang in = 0,55 ln s ht mang in. Tm Z v N ca mi ng v. Cu 8: Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Cu l 63,54. Cu c 2 ng v bn l 63 bao nhiu % khi lng 29 Cu trong phn t CuSO4?
63 29

Cu v

65 29

Cu . Hi c

1 2 Cu 9: Trong t nhin, hydro tn ti di dng 2 ng v bn l 1 H (99%) ; 1 H (1%) , Clo tn ti 35 37 di dng 2 ng v 17 Cl (75%) , 17 Cl (25%) .

a) Tnh khi lng trung bnh ca H v Cl. b) C bao nhiu loi phn t HCl khc nhau to ln t 2 ng v ? Xp loi cc phn t HCl theo chiu gim ph bin ca chng? Cu 10: Vi 3 ng v ca Hidro v 3 ng v ca Oxi s cho chng ta bao nhiu phn t nc c khi lng phn t khc nhau?

H Duy Trng - H Ty Nguyn - 0906 471 226

CHNG : NGUYN T CH 5 : Cu trc v nguyn t - Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t

A Hng dn: I Kin thc chung: 1. V nguyn t: - Electron chuyn ng quanh ht nhn vi tc rt ln, to nn mt vng khng gian mang in tch m, gi l my electron. Vng c mt in tch ln nht(tc l xc sut c mt electron nhiu nht) c gi l obital. - Ty thuc vo mc nng lng m cc electron phn v nguyn t c phn thnh cc lp, phn lp. Lp electron : gm nhng electron c mc nng lng gn bng nhau. T ht nhn ra ngoi, cc lp electron c ghi bng s 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 hay k hiu tng ng bng cc ch ci hoa : K, L, M, N, O, P, Q Phn lp electron : gm nhng electron c mc nng lng bng nhau. Mi lp electron c 1 hoc nhiu phn lp electron. K hiu ca cc phn lp electron l: s,p,d,f - S obital(AO) trong mi phn lp l: s = 1; p = 3; d = 5; f = 7. - Mi obital(AO) ch cha ti a c 2 electron. Lp K L M N Phn lp s s, p s, p, d s, p, d, f K hiu phn lp 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p 4d 4f Obital (AO) 1 AO (1s) 4 AO (1s 3p) 9 AO (1s 3p 5d) 16 AO (1s 3p 5d 7f) S electron ti a 2 electron : 1s2 8 electron : 2s2 2p6 18 electron : 3s2 3p6 3d10 32 electron : 4s2 4p6 4d10 4f14

H Duy Trng - H Ty 2. Cch vit cu hnh electron trong nguyn t: Nguyn - 0906 471 226

Cu hnh electron nguyn t tun theo nhng nguyn l v nguyn tc sau: a. Quy tc KlechKowski: in t(electron) c sp vo cc phn lp c mc nng lng thp nht trc, khi phn lp c mc nng lng thp nht in t ri m cn d in t th mi sp tip in t vo cc lp c mc nng lng cao hn k tip. Chiu mc nng lng tng dn 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p Ck3 4s 3d 4b Ck 4 5s 4d 5b Ck5 6s 4f 5d 6p Ck6 7s 5f 6d 7p Ck7

Ck 1 Ck 2

b. Nguyn l Pau-li: Trn 1 obital(AO) ch c th c nhiu nht l 2 electron v 2 electron chuyn ng t quay khc chiu nhau xung quanh trc ring ca mi electron. Khi obital ch c 1 electron th electron gi l electron c thn.

2 electron ghp i

1 electron c thn

c. Nguyn l vng bn: trng thi c bn, trong nguyn t cc electron ln lt chim cc mc nng lng t thp ti cao. Vd: Nguyn t B (Z = 5) : 1s2 2s2 2p1

1s2

2s2

2p1 (Cu hnh ng)

1s2

2s1

2p2 (Cu hnh sai)

d. Nguyn tc Hun: Trong mt phn lp, cc electron s c phn b trn cc obital sao cho s electron c than l ti a v cc electron ny phi c chiu t quay ging nhau. Vd: Nguyn t N(Z = 7) : 1s2 2s2 2p3

Phn b electron ng e. Quy tc bo ha sm v bn(na) bo ha sm.

Phn b electron sai

Cu hnh bn ca phn lp d ng vi trng thi bo ha(10e) hay bn bo ha(5e). V vy, khi v ngoi ca nguyn t, phn lp d c 9 hoc 4 electron, th c s nhy electron t phn lp s ca lp k lin bn ngoi phn lp d t trng thi bo ha hay bn bo ha bn vng. Hin tng gi l bo ha sm v bn bo ha sm. Hin tng ny thng xy ra i vi mt s nguyn t thuc nhm IB v VIB trong bng HTTH.

Bn bo ha sm: Dng (n-1)d4ns2 chuyn thnh (n-1)d5ns1

H Duy Trng - H Ty Nguyn - 0906 471 226

Vd: Cr (Z= 24) c cu hnh : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1 thay v 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d4 4s2 Bo ha sm: Dng (n-1)d9ns2 chuyn thnh (n-1)d10ns1 Vd: Cu (Z = 29) c cu hnh : 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1 thay v 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d9 4s2 3. Cu hnh electron nguyn t. Quy c cch vit cu hnh electron nguyn t: 1) S th t cc lp electron c vit bng ch s (1,2,3,4) 2) Phn lp c k hiu bng ch ci thng (s, p, d, f,) 3) S electron c ghi bng ch s u pha trn, bn phi k hiu phn lp (s2, p5). Cch vit cu hnh electron nguyn t: 1) Xc nh s electron ca nguyn t. 2) Cc electron c phn b theo th t tng dn cc mc nng lng AO, theo cc nguyn l v cc quy tc phn b electron trong nguyn t. 3) Vit cu hnh electron theo th t cc phn lp trong mt lp v theo th t ca cc lp electron. Ch : Vi 20 nguyn t u trong BHTTH th cu hnh electron trng vi cu hnh nng lng. Nhng nguyn t sau phi vit li cu hnh electron nguyn t t cu hnh chn mc nng lng . Vd: Fe (Z = 26) Cu hnh chn nng lng: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6

Cu hnh electron nguyn t: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d6 4s2 Khi vit cu hnh electron cho ion th tng t nh cu hnh electron nguyn t, ch s tng, gim electron cho ph hp vi in tch ion. Nguyn t s v d l nhng nguyn t kim loi( tr H v He). Nguyn t ph kim u thuc nguyn t p (tr H). Cc nguyn t c 1,2,3 electron lp ngoi cng, d nhng electron thng l nguyn t ca cc nguyn t kim loi (tr H, He, B). Cc nguyn t c 5,6,7 electron lp ngoi cng d nhn electron thng l nguyn t ca cc nguyn t phi kim. Cc nguyn t c 4 electron lp ngoi cng c th l nguyn t ca nguyn t kim loi hoc phi kim.

H Duy Trng - H Ty Nguyn - 0906 471 226

CHNG : NGUYN T Kim tra

Cu 1: Nguyn t A c tng s ht c bn( proton, notron, electron) l 74 ht. Bit tng s ht notron nhiu hn tng s ht proton 2 ht. a) Xc nh nguyn t A. b) Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t A.
14 15 Cu 2: Bit trong t nhin nguyn t Nit c 2 ng v bn l 7 N v 7 N vi t l phn trm ca

hai ng v ln lt l : 93% v 7%. a) Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca nguyn t Nit. b) Trong mt mol kh Nit c bao nhiu ht nguyn t 15 7N . c) Nguyn t Hidro c 3 ng v bn trong t nhin l H, , T. Hy tnh c bao nhiu phn t ammoniac(NH3) c cu to khc nhu c to thnh trong t nhin. Cu 3: Bit st c khi lng nguyn t l 56u, bn knh ht nhn nguyn t st l 1,28 A . a) Tnh khi lng ring ca nguyn t st(g/cm3). b) Bit trong thc t, cc nguyn t st khng sp xp kht c vi nhau m cn c cc khe trng chim khong 26% th tch. Hy tnh khi lng ring thc t ca nguyn t st(g/cm3). Cu 4: Vit cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t sau: Z = 20, Z = 17, Z= 29. V cho bit nguyn t no l phi kim, nguyn t no l kim loi.
o

H Duy Trng - H Ty Nguyn - 0906 471 226