CHNG 5

TNH TOAN, THIET KE CAC

CONG TRNH N V
Em ch mi xem qua c t thi. Nhng nhn chung phn thit k ny ch yu ly
cch tch t TCXD 22 TCN 51-84 : Mng li thot nc bn ngoi cng trnh
(y l bn c, c bn d tho TCXD 51-2006 v TCXD 51-2008: Tuy nhn chung
ko khc nhau nhiu nhng nn ly ci mi nht hin c)
Vic s dng TCXD 51-84 ny cho XLNT th theo em ko nn p dng v n p
dng ch yu cho nc ma; cc cng thc tnh ton bn trong n gin, c nhiu
gi tr quy c; nn khng thc s chnh xc.
Xem li quy trnh cng ngh ca Unitank; cu hnh v nguyn tc hot ng ca
Unitank v nu tnh ton cho Unitank th y cha .
Tm thi mi c vy c g em s comment thm ! :D
1. SO LIEU THIET KE
T cac ket qua khao sat va tnh toan trc, cac
thong so c s c rut ra nh sau:
1.1. Lu lng:
* Lu lng ngay trung bnh: ngd tb
Q
, = 300 m
3
/ng
* Lu lng gi trung bnh:
5 . 12
,

h tb
Q
m
3
/h
* Lu lng gi ln nhat:
75 . 18
max,

h
Q
m
3
/h
Tram x l lam viec lien tuc. Vay lu lng bm e
x l bang lu lng gi trung bnh: Q
b
= 12.5 m
3
/h
1.2. Nong o o nhiem:
Ham lng chat l lng trong nc thai: TSS =
350 mg/l
Ham lng BOD
5
trong nc thai : BOD
5
= 300 mg/l
Ham lng dau m: 60 mg/l
Ham lng Nitrat : 150 mg/l
Ham lng Photphos : 8.5 mg/l
Lng Coliform : 1.1 * 10
6
MPN/100ml
1.3. Yeu cau cua nguon tiep nhan:
Phai ap ng c tieu chuan xa nc thai theo
TCVN 6772:2000 mc II
TSS : 50 mg/l N : 30 mg/l
BOD
5
: 30 mg/l P : 6 mg/l
Dau m:20 mg/l
Coliform: 1000 MPN/100ml
2. TNH TOAN BE LANG NG & UNITANK
- Song chan rac
Ham lng can l lng SS va BOD
5
( L) cua nc thai sau
khi qua SCR giam 4% , ngha la sau SCR tinh : SS = 336 mg/l
va BOD
5
= 288 mg/l
- Be ieu hoa
Ta thay qua be ieu hoa ham lng BOD
5
giam 20% ,
ham lng can l lng khong thay oi. Vay ham lng
BOD
5
khi vao Unitank se la: BOD
5
= 2000.8 = 160 mg/l.
1.4. Be lang ng:
Nc thai t ho thu c a vao be lang ng
t I. Nhiem vu cua be lang ng la lang tap chat
phan tan nho (chat l lng) di dang can lang xuong
ay be va thu cac chat noi tren be mat nh: dau
m, bot, Be lang ng c xay dng vi phan lang
la be tong hnh vuong va phan cha bun la hnh non.
- Dien tch tiet dien t cua ong trung tam:
f =
tt
s
v
Q
max,
=
03 . 0
00521 . 0
= 0.17 m
2
Q
max,s
lu lng tnh toan giay ln nhat,
Q
max,s
= 5.21 l/s = 0.00521 m
3
/s
v
tt
van toc nc trong ong trung tam, lay
khong ln hn 30mm/s( ieu 6.5.9.TCXD-51-84),
chon v
tt
= 30 mm/s = 0.03 m/s
- Dien tch tiet dien t cua be lang:
F =
v
Q
s max,
=
0008 . 0
00521 . 0
= 6.51 m
2
v van toc nc thai trong be lang ng, v =
0.5-0.8 mm/s (ieu 6.5.4-TCXD-51-84), chon v = 0.8
mm/s = 0.0008 m/s
- ng knh be lang :
D =

F 4
=
14 . 3
51 . 6 4
= 2.88m ~ 3m
- ng knh ong trung tam:
d =

f 4
=
14 . 3
17 . 0 4
= 0.46m
- Chieu cao tnh toan cua vung lang trong be:
h
l
= v t = 0.0008 3600 = 2.88 m
t thi gian lang, t = 1h = 3600 s
- Chieu cao phan hnh non:
h
n
= h
2
+ h
3
= tg
d D
n

2
) (
=
0
50
2
) 6 . 0 3 (
tg

= 1.40 m
h
2
chieu cao lp trung hoa, m
h
3
chieu cao gia nh cua lp can lang trong
be, m
D ng knh trong cua be lang, D = 1.6 m
d
n
ng knh ay nho cua hnh non cut, lay
d
n
= 0.6m

- goc nghieng cua ay be lang so vi

phng ngang, lay khong nho hn 50
0
(ieu
6.5.9-TCXD-51-84). Chon

= 50
o
- Chieu cao cua ong trung tam lay bang chieu cao
tnh toan cua vung lang
h
t
= h
l
= 2.88 m
- ng knh mieng loe cua ong trung tam lay bang
chieu cao cua phan ong loe va bang 1.35 ng knh
ong trung tam
d
loe
= h
loe
= 1.35 d = 1.350.46 = 0.62 m
- ng knh tam hat lay bang 1.3 ng knh
mieng loe
d
hat
= 1.3 d
loe
= 1.3 0.62 = 0.8 m
- Goc nghieng gia be mat tam hat so vi mat
phang ngang lay bang 17
o
- Khoang cach gia mep ngoai cung cua mieng loe
en mep ngoai cung cua be mat tam hat theo mat
phang qua truc c tnh theo cong thc :
L =
( )
n k
s
d D v
Q
+

max,
4
=
( ) 6 . 0 3 14 . 3 02 . 0
00521 . 0 4
+

= 0.09m
v
k
van toc nc chay qua khe h gia
mieng loe ong trung tam va be mat tam
hat, v
k
khong ln hn 20 mm/s. Chon v
k
= 20
mm/s =0.02 m/s.
- Chieu cao tong cong cua be lang ng la:
H = h
l
+ h
n
+ h
bv
= 2.88 + 1.4 + 0.32 = 5 m
h
bv
chieu cao bao ve, h
bv
= 0.32 m
- Ham lng chat l lng ra khoi be lang :
C = C
o

( 1 e) = 336

( 1 0.47) = 178
mg/l
C
o
ham lng chat l lng ban au trc khi
vao be lang,
C
o
= 336 mg/l
e hieu suat lang lay theo bang sau. Vi C
o
=
336 mg/l,
toc o lang v = 0.8 mm/s, co e = 47%
Bang 4.1- Hieu suat lang can l lng cua nc
thai be lang I
Hieu
suat
lang,
e%
Van toc lang, mm/s ng vi
ham lng ban au cua chat l
lng, mg/l
150 200 250 300
30 1.30 1.80 2.25 3.20
35 0.90 1.30 1.60 2.10
40 0.60 0.90 1.05 1.40
45 0.40 0.60 0.75 0.95
50 0.25 0.35 0.45 0.60
55 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.40
60 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20
- Ham lng BOD
5
ra khoi be:
L = L
o
( 1 e) = 288 (1- 0.3) = 200 mg/l
L
o
ham lng BOD
5
trc khi lang, L
o
= 288
mg/l
e hieu suat kh BOD
5
cua be, lay e = 30%
1.5. Be Unitank :
Be Unitank nham loai bo cac chat hu c (BOD
5
,
COD), cac chat l lng bang cac phan ng hoa sinh
thong qua hoat ong song cua cac vi sinh vat co trong
nc thai. Cac chat hu c la thc an cua cac vi sinh
vat se c chuyen hoa thanh CO
2
, H
2
O va sinh khoi
mi. Khong kh (O
2
) c cung cap u va nc thai hoa
tron vi bun hoat tnh am bao moi trng cho vi sinh
vat phat trien tot.
Thong so thiet ke:
- BOD
5
au vao : 160 mg/l
- COD au vao be : 256 mg/l
- Lu lng nc thai vao be: Q
tb,h
= 12.5 m
3
/h
- SS vao be: C
o
= 178 mg/l
- Thi gian lu nc : h 4
- Tai trong COD : a= 1.7 kg COD/m
3
ngay
- Nong o MLSS : C
b
= 1500mg/l = 1.5kg/m
3
- The tch be:
V =
4 5 . 12 Q
= 50 m
3
- The tch mot ngan:
V
ngan
=
3
50
3

V
= 16.66 m
3
- Chieu cao xay dng be:
H= h
bv
+ H = 0.5 +3 = 3.5m
h
bv
chieu cao bao ve, h
bv
= 0.5m
- Kch thc mot ngan : B L H = m m m 3 5 . 2 2 . 2
* Tnh toan he thong thoi kh:
- Lng kh can cung cap:
Q
k
= q V a = 80 50 1.7 =
6800m
3
/ngay = 4.2m
3
/phut.
q the tch khong kh yeu cau la t 65-80m
3
cho 1kg COD c kh trong ngay. Chon q = 80
m
3
/ngay
V the tch be, V = 50m
3
a tai trong COD, a = 1.7 kg COD/m
3
ngay
- Chon thiet b phan phoi kh la cac a xop co
ng knh D
a
= 170 mm
- Lu lng rieng cua kh thoat ra t mot a xop la
q
k
= 200 l/phut.
- So a can cho mot ngan be:
N =
60 24 2 . 0 3
6800
3

k
k
q
Q
= 7.87 8 a/ngan
- Ap lc can thiet cho may thoi kh:
H = H
ng ong
+ H
a xop
+ H
be
= 0.4 + 0.5 + 3 =
3.9m H
2
O
H
ng ong
ton that ap lc do ma sat doc theo
chieu dai ong dan.
H
ng ong
= 0.4m
H
a xop
ton that ap lc qua a xop, H
a xop
=
0.5m
H
be
mc nc trong be, H
be
= 3m
- Chon hai may thoi kh co lu lng : 4.2m
3
/phut
- Ap lc tnh theo Atmotphe:
P
m
=
12 . 10
9 . 3
12 . 10

ct
H
= 0.38 atm
- Cong suat may nen kh:
N =
1
1
]
1

,
_

1
7 . 29
283 . 0
1
2
p
p
e n
T R G

1
1
]
1

,
_

1
1
38 . 1
8 . 0 283 . 0 7 . 29
299 314 . 8 102 . 0
283 . 0
= 3.6 kW
G tai lng dong kh, kg/s
G = Q
kk
khi

=
3 3
/ 293 . 1 /
3600 24
6800
m kg s m

=
0.102kg/s
R hang so kh, R = 8.314 kJ/Kmol.
o
K
T nhiet o tuyet oi cua khong kh au vao,
T = 26 + 273 = 299
o
K
P
1
ap lc tuyet oi cua khong kh au vao,
p
1
= 1 atm
P
2
ap lc tuyet oi cua khong kh au ra,
P
2
= 1 + P
m
= 1 + 0.38 = 1.38 atm
n =
395 . 1
1 395 . 1 1

K
K
= 0.283 (K = 1.395 oi vi
khong kh)
29.7 he so chuyen oi
e hieu suat cua may, chon e = 80%
* Tnh lng bun thai ra:
- Mc bun sau khi lang 60 phut:
h
bun
=
12 11
50 7 . 2

b
b
S
V C

= 1.02m
C
b
- nong o MLSS, C
b
= 2700mg/l = 2.7kg/m
3
V the tch be, V = 50m
3
S dien tch cua ngan
S = 2 B L = 2 2.2 2.5 = 11 m
2
b

- khoi lng rieng cua bun, b

= 1200kg/m
3

- Chon he so san lng y = 0.4
- Lng bun sinh ra moi ngay:
m
b
=
( )
3
,
10

ra ngay tb
C C Q y
( )
3
10 50 256 300 4 . 0

= 25 kg/ng.
C ham lng COD vao be, C = 256 mg/l
C
ra
ham lng COD sau khi ra khoi be, C
ra
=
50mg/l
- Nong o can trong phan cha bun pha di be
sau khi lang la
C = 8000 mg/l = 8 kg/m
3
- The tch bun lang xa ra la:
V
xa bun
=
8 02 . 1
25
02 . 1

C
m
b
= 3 m
3
/ng