Nhng c im kh ca pht m ting Anh

bi Hi cc s t luyn thi IELTS (Ghi Ch) vit vo ngy 31 thng 8 2011 lc 18:25

Phi ni rng pronunciation l mt trong nhng im v cng quan trng khng ch ting Anh m cn ca bt c ngoi ng no. ng thi vi ni dung speaking IELTS th n cng l mt tiu ch ch cht nh gi k nng ca th sinh. Nhng lm sao pht m hay th li l mt vn nan gii, c bit i vi nhng bn mun ginh im speaking 6.5 n 7.0. Hu ht mi ngi s u nhn c li khuyn l phi nghe tht nhiu, ri tp c li v bt chc cch din t ln ging xung ging ca h. Tuy nhin ch nghe khng thi cha m phi va nghe va nhn xt nhm rt ra nhng im khc nhau gia ting Anh v ting bn ng (vi chng ta l ting Vit) t c th pht m mt cch r rng, chun xc nht. Trong bi vit ny mnh s tp trung phn tch 2 key-points lm nn kh ca pht m ting Anh:long vowels and unstress syllable.

Vn u tin m mnh mun cp l short and long vowels bi trong ting Vit tt c cc m u c c nh nhau ch khng h c khi nim no l m di c. Nh vy hiu c iu ny ca ting Anh th mnh s lm mt php so snh qua vt trung gian l m nhc. Mt trong nhng c im ca m nhc l s khc nhau v trng gia cc nt, chng hn nt trng bng 2 nt en. Do c th hiu nm na rng long vowels chnh l nt trng trong ting Anh v nh th khi ni n i hi bn phi ngn di cn thit (gp 2 thm ch 3 ln short vowels). Ting Vit khng h c c im ny nn chnh mnh lc mi tp nghe cn t lu bu : Qui, sao ti n ni iu th c ch, mi sau mi hiu l ngn ng n th. Mt tnh hung na l cc members nh mnh lc luyn tp th tng i n, n khi vo phng thi bc c chui nn hn xiu phch lc ni cc m qun quo vo nhau m di b p thnh m ngn cn m ngn th khng bt thnh ci g. Cng ging nh ht mt ca khc m li khng ngn ng trng th khng cn i n khi nhn im m chnh ca s cng t bit mn trnh din ca mnh l mt thm ha khng trnh khi. Vy nn cn luyn tp nhiu bnh tnh ni r rng nhm show cho examiner thy ta c th produce m di-c trng ca ting Anh mt cch t tin v chun xc nht.

Vy luyn tp pht m tt m di ny nh th no? Trc tin cn xem li cch pht m ca 5 m di trong ting Anh a chhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammar/pron/sounds/index.shtml v tp c theo cho tht chun. Khi gp bt c 1 t no cn t t cu hi liu t ny c m di hay ko? nu nghi ng c cha m di check li ngay phn phin m trong t in. Bn s thy ngc nhin l m di rt ph bin trong ting Anh n mc ring cc s m ch t 1 n 6 thi c 3 t c m di ri ( c nh bit l 3 t no??).

iu th 2 cng lin quan ti m nhc chnh l trng m ca ting Anh (word stress). Phn ny cc hc sinh Vit Nam thng c cc trung tm dy l nu trng m ri vo m tit no th m tit s phi pht m louder, longer and clearer nhng mnh tin chc mi ngi nghe gt g th thi ch cng ch hiu phi louder, longer and clearer so vi ci g? Tht ra ch ny c mt conflict nh v s khc nhau gia ting Anh v ting

Vit bi trong ting Vit tt c cc m u c ni rt r rng nh nhau nn khng th hiu cu khuyn rn trn theo t duy ca ting Vit.

Nh th mnh li phi mn m nhc vi s khc nhau v cng gia phch mnh v phch nh ca n gii thch vn ny. C th hiu rng trng m chnh l nhng phch mnh trong ting Anh v nh th ng nhin n s phi c pht m to hn, r rng hn so vi phch nh. Vy cu hi t ra l ting Anh c phch nh hay khng v nu c th n l m no? K thc phch nh trong ting Anh cc k ph bin v m schwa \\ chnh l i din tiu biu nht ca nhm unstress syllables.Do , cu gio hun trn cn phi din t y li l trng m cn louder, longer and clearer so vi phch nh ch nu ct nh ban u th khng hc sinh no hiu v lm theo ni.

Nh vy k thc gii quyt bi ton v trng m th trc tin cn tm ra p s cho unstress syllable bi nu khng c c ng nhng m ny th khng th c mt ci chun m louder and longer c.(c nh vui lng xem li note speaking for band 7 nha). Cng xin ni thm l ging nh m di, trong ting Vit khng h c khi nim no gi l unstress syllable nn nu x l thnh cng n th bn tin mt bc rt di trn con ng ly 7.0 speaking ..

(cn tip) Trong phn tip theo ny mnh s phn tch nhng c im kh tip theo ca pht m ting Anh bao gm : m gi (voiceless consonants), m cui (ending sounds), ni m (linking sounds) v ng iu (intonation). 1/ m gi (voiceless consonants) C c thy 8 ph m c xp vo nhm m gi v c nh c th xem li tng m mt a chhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammar/pron/sounds/con_voiceless_1.shtml c im ni bt nht nhm ny m mi ngi c th d dng nhn ra khi xem clip l s xut hin ca lung hi c th lm lay ng mt t giy nu trc ming khi pht m. C th ni y l mt trong nhng th thch kh nht ca English pronunciation bi trong ting Vit chng ta cng c gn nh y cc ph m p, t, ch, th, k nhng hon ton khng c lung hi i km. Nu khng nhn ra c iu ny th th sinh Vit Nam s d dng nhm ln khi ni ting Anh nhng vn pht m cc m trn theo ging Vit Nam. iu ny khng c g kh hiu bi speaking l mt k nng thin v t nhin v bn nng nn cn mt qu trnh luyn tp nht nh nhm phn bit gia 2 h thng m v c th i ging khi cn dng ngoi ng. Nh th bn cht ca vic hc pht m ting Anh l lm quen dn vi m ting Anh v trnh ln n vi m ting Vit m mnh chu nh hng hn 20 nm rng. Vy cn luyn tp cc m ny nh th no? Hin nhin nghe l bc u tin bi phi bit n c pht m nh th no th mi c th bt chc theo c. y chnh l l do ca kiu nghe tm ngn ng , nghe m khng cn hiu ni dung v mc ch ca n l nghe cc m ting Anh khng tn ti ting Vit trong c cc voiceless consonants ny. V r rng s phi mt 1 thi gian tai bn quen vi nhng m l tai ny. Trong khi nghe, hy tp pht m bt chc ci cch ngi bn ng ni, c bit lu khi m gi nm cui ch v ng vai tr ending sounds (s c lm r hn trong phn tip theo). Bn cnh , cn thn trng khi pht m ng t

thi qu kh hay danh t s nhiu nu n kt thc bng voiceless consonants. Ci ny c nh c th nhc li dm mnh bng cch comment cho nhng bn no cn ln tn nh. 2/ m cui (ending sounds) C th ni khng ngoa thiu m cui l mt trong nhng li ph bin ca hc sinh Vit Nam nhng iu nguy hi nm ch a s members b ph l miss ending sounds u khng bit phi sa li ny nh th no. Do , trc khi gii quyt kh khn ny mnh cn i ngc li mt cht v lch s nhm tm hiu li ny t u m ra. Trong ting Vit, mt t bt k ch bao gm mt ph m v nguyn m, tuy nhin trong ting Anh, tnh hnh li khc hn khi n c th xut hin 2-3 ph m trong mt t. Trong ting Vit, chng ta c r tng nguyn m nhng pht m ting Anh, ph m ng vai tr ch o cn nguyn m ch hin ln r khi no c stress. Nh th, khi nim m cui nhm ni n ph m cui cng ca mt t m ngi Vit Nam khng c thi quen c n trong khi n c vai tr quan trng khng thua km g so vi cc m khc ca ting Anh. Ni cch khc thiu m cui l 1 dng Vietnamese accents in hnh rt d pht hin v cn gy kh khn, thm ch c ch cho ngi bn ng khi phi nghe mt ngi ni ting Anh mc li ny. T nhng phn tch trn th c nh c th l m on ra rng : c bao nhiu ph m trong ting Anh th cng s c by nhiu m cui m bn phi pht m c. V th mi ngi tin theo di mnh s chia thnh 3 nhm nh sau: Nhm u tin chnh l cc m gi ( c cp phn trn). K thc y li l nhm d pronounce nht so vi 2 nhm cn li ca ending sounds, ng thi cng l yu cu bt buc ly speaking more than 6.5. T thy ni dung n s lin quan mt thit n yu t kia bi nu khng luyn c m gi th ng nhin bn cng s mt trn im phn m cui ny. Nh th cch x l m cui hiu qu nht chnh l n li phn m gi v check spelling tht k vi cc t c m cui thuc nhm ny (chng hn: which, cheap, rest)v luyn tp bt tht r nhng m ny khi ni. Mnh cng xin ni thm l iu kin luyn tp v sa thnh cng li ny chnh l tnh kin tr + nghim khc vi bn thn v hn na nn c ngi sa li cho mnh. Nhm 2 l cc ph m cn li thuc 2 nhm voiced consonants v other consonants (xin xem bng phin m ting Anh ca BBC link u tin ca bi note). im cho band 8 speaking c c award hay khng ph thuc mt phn vo kh nng pronounce m cui thuc nhm ny chng hn dad, bag, sum or rung. Trong cc v d trn mnh lu c nh cc m d, g v ng v rt d ln vi m ting Vit tng ng. L do m mnh phi nhc nh iu ny l v bn ch c th c c n v tr ending sounds nh trong dad hay didnt khi pht m ng chun Anh bi m d l mt m hon ton mi ch khng h ging m d hay m ca ting Vit. Do , mt strategy na cng rt hiu qu ly im speaking cao l luyn tht tt cc t c bn nhng c cha nhng m vi cch pht m kh ch khng cn ni qu nhiu t hay dng uncommon words tm lum c. Nhm cui cng l nhng trng hp c bit ca ending sounds. i din u tin l m h khng bao gi c pronounce khi n v tr m cui, thm ch trong mt s t nh hour ch h mc d ng u tin nhng vn tr thnh m cm. Trng hp th 2 l m l n b thay i cch pht m khi ng cui t m pha trc n l mt m di (leaf khc vi school ch c school s xut hin ca m schwa trc khi kt thc bng l. xem clip sau r n c nh nh http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3t73MKAQszM Cui cng l s xut hin hay bin mt ca m r v tr ending sounds trong ting Anh. Nu r l kt thc ca 1 t n nh car hay four th n s khng c pronounce, tuy nhin nu t tip theo li bt u bng 1 nguyn m nh trong cu my car is blue th lc ny m r s c link vi is v li hin ln trong cch c ca ngi bn ng. Ngoi ra cn mt s t hp difficult ending sound nh trong world, work hay girl m mi ngi cng nn lu .

3/ Ni m Khi nim ny c nhc n mt phn v d v ending sounds vi m r. Trong thc t, bt c mt t no kt thc bng mt ph m v i sau n l mt nguyn m th u xy ra hin tng ni m nh t rong depend on hay tell us. iu ny khng ch gy kh khn cho chng ta trong cch c m cn c khi nghe v kh nhn ra t b ni lin. Cch duy nht khc phc tnh trang ny l nghe tht nhiu v notice cch ngi bn ng ni m bi bn khng th sa li ni m ny khi hc bng mt c. 4/Ng iu (intonation) Phn ny ph thuc vo ch quan mi ngi kh nhiu v k thc cc quy tc ca sentences stress l rt chung chung theo kiu ln ging cu hi, h ging cu tr li hay c r cc ng t, trng t trong cu v lt cc tr ng t hay redundant language. D nhin intonation tt l mt li th cc ln cho band 7 tr ln nn hy c gng practice cng nhiu cng tt c nh nh. Tm li,6 c im kh ca ting Anh bao gm : long vowels, unstress syllable, voiceless consonants, ending sounds, linking sounds and intonation to nn s khc bit v im pht m gia cc band 6, 7 v 8. Do trong vng 15-20 pht ngn ngi ca bi thi speaking th hy tm cc t vng c cha n, bnh tnh pht m show c cng nhiu features ny cng tt bi im c cho cao hay thp da trn s tinh t trong x l cch pht m ca bn m thi. Chc mi ngi hc tt speaking nha,