Bs 2

Ti liu dy hc Mn Ha: Este v cht bo Bi
m Sn 2009

Bin son: L c Hnh Sn Nam ng Sn Bm Sn Thanh Ha T: 0373761405
1

Li ni u

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ti liu tham kho.
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tin hc v internet . Nhng bi vit trn l do trong qu trnh dy thm cc bn hc sinh cp ba mnh
su tm v c rt lm gio trnh ging dy.
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chc kh c th up ln trong ht trong nm nay mong cc bn thng cm.
Mt s bn gi v nh mnh hi rng liu mnh c cn up ln na khng, nhn y mnh mt ln
na xin cm n cc bn v tr li lun l c. Cc bn chu kh i mt thi gian.
Cui cng mnh cng mong cc bn thng cm nu nh c mt s li xy ra. Bi trong qu trnh bin
son chc kh trnh sai st. C g cc bn c th lin h vi mnh:
- in thoi: 0373761405
- a ch: L c Hnh Sn Nam ng Sn Bm Sn Thanh Ha.
- Yahoo: khu_khooo@yahoo.com

Cc bn thnh ph Thanh Ha hoc Th x Bm Sn nu c nhu cu hc thm xin lin h theo
a ch trn

Chng 9 Este v cht bo

ESTE

I. nh ngha, phn loi, ng phn, tn gi
1. nh nga
- Este l sn phm ca phn ng gia axit (hu c hoc v c) vi ru.
V d:
5 2
C H -Cl (etyl clorua);
5 2 2
C H - ONO (metyl nitrat);
5 2
HCOO - C H (etyl formiat)
m Sn 2009

2

2. Phn loi
- Este c th l:
+ Este ca ru n chc vi axit n chc c cng thc dng RCOOR
V d:
+
H

5 5 3 2 3 2 2
CH COOH + C H OH CH COOC H + H O

+ Este ca ru a chc vi axit n chc, c cng thc dng (RCOO)
n
R
V d:
+
H

3 2 3 2 2
2CH COOH + HO - CH CH COO - CH + 2H O

+ Este ca ru n chc vi axit n chc, c cng thc dng R(COOR)
n

V d:
+
H

5 5 2 2 2
COOH + 2C H OH COOC H + 2H O

+ Este ca ru a chc vi axit a chc.
V d:
+
H

2 2 2
COOH + HO - CH COOCH + 2H O

3. ng phn ca este no n chc
Hp cht
n 2n 2
C H O c th c cc ng phn sau:
- ng phn cu to:
+ ng phn este no n chc
+ ng phn axit no n chc
+ ng phn ru khng no c mt ni i hai chc
+ ng phn ete khng no c mt ni i hai chc
+ ng phn mch vng (ru hoc ete)
+ ng phn cc hp cht tp chc:
Cha 1 chc ru 1 chc anehit
Cha 1 chc ru 1 chc xeton
Cha 1 chc ete 1 chc anehit
Cha 1 chc ete 1 chc xeton
Mt ru khng no v mt ete no
Mt ete khng no v mt ru no
- ng phn cis tran (ng phn ru khng no c mt ni i hai chc - ng phn ete khng no
c mt ni i hai chc - Mt ru khng no v mt ete no - Mt ete khng no v mt ru no)
V d: cc ng phn ca
2 4 2
C H O
2
HO - CH
3 2
CH COO - CH
COOH
5 2
COOC H
2
HO - CH
2
COOCH COOH
m Sn 2009

3

ng phn axit:
3
CH COOH
ng phn este:
3
HCOOCH
ng phn tp chc: -
2
HO - CH CHO
ng phn mch vng:

V d: cc ng phn cu to mch h ca
3 6 2
C H O
ng phn axit:
5 2
C H COOH
ng phn este:
5 2 3 3
HCOOC H ; CH COOCH
ng phn tp chc:
2 2 3 3 2
HO - CH - CH - CHO; CH - CH- CHO; CH - C - CH - OH
OH O
3. Tn gi
Tn ca este = tn gc hirocacbon ca ru + tn ca axit (trong ui oic i thnh at)
V d:
5 2
HCOOC H (etyl formiat);
5 3 6
CH COOC H (phenyl axetat):
3 2
CH COOCH = CH (vinyl axetat)

II. Tnh cht vt l
- Cc este n chc thng l nhng cht lng gi bay hi, nhit si thp hn nhit si cc axit
to nn cc este y do este khng to lin kt hiro
III. Tnh cht ho hc
1. Phn ng thy phn
a. Phn ng thy phn trong mi trng axit (phn ng thun nghch):

+
H
2
este + H O
ru + axit
V d:

+
H
5 5 3 2 2 3 2
CH COOC H + H O CH COOH C H OH
+
Etyl axetat axit axetic ancol etylic
2
CH
2
CH
O
O
CH
O O
3
CH
O
2
CH
CH OH
ietyl oxalat
m Sn 2009

4

+
H

3 2 2 3 2
CH COO - CH + 2H O 2CH COOH + HO- CH

3 2
CH COO - CH
2
HO- CH

+
H

5 3 2 3 2
COO - CH + 2H O CH OH + C H OH + COOH

5 2
COO - C H COOH
Tuy nhin cng c nhng trng hp c bit c th to ra axit v anehit hoc axit v xeton, hoc
axit v phenol:
+ Este ca axit v ru khng no c nhm - OH lin kt vi cacbon bc 1 c lin kt i b thy
phn trong mi trng axit cho axit v anehit:
V d:

+
H
3 2 2 3 3
CH COOCH = CH + H O CH COOH CH CHO
+
+ Este ca axit v ru khng no c nhm - OH lin kt vi cacbon bc 2 c c lin kt i b thy
phn cho axit v xeton:
V d:

+
H
3 2 2 3 3 3
CH COOC = CH + H O CH COOH CH - C - CH
+

3
CH O
+ Este ca axit v phenol b thy phn trong mi trng axit cho axit v phenol (axit yu khng tan)
V d:

+
H

5 3 2 3 6

5 6
COO - C H COOH
Ch :
+ Nu este l este ca axit a chc vi cc ru khc nhau thy phn tronng mi trng axit c th
cho nhiu ru:
V d:

+
H

5 3 2 3 2

5 2
COO - C H COOH

+
H

3 2 3 3
COO - CH + 2H O CH OH + CH CHO + COOH

2
COO - CH = CH COOH
m Sn 2009

5

+ Nu este l este ca ru a chc vi cc axit khc nhau thy phn tronng mi trng kim c th
cho nhiu axit:
V d:

+
H

5 3 2 2 3 2 2
CH COO - CH + 2H O CH COOH + C H COOH + HO- CH

5 2 2
C H COO - CH
2
HO- CH

b. Phn ng thy phn trong mi trng baz (phn ng x phng ha):

2 4
H SO
este + NaOH + mui ru
V d:

2 4
H SO
5 5 3 2 3 2
CH COOC H + NaOH CH COONa C H OH +
Tuy nhin cng c nhng trng hp c bit c th to ra mui v anehit hoc mui v xeton hoc
2 mui hoc 1 phn t duy nht:
phn trong mi trng kim cho muit v anehit:
V d:

2 4
H SO
3 2 3 3
CH COO - CH = CH + NaOH CH COONa CH CHO +
phn trong mi trng kim cho mui v xeton:

2 4
H SO
3 2 3 3 3
CH COO C = CH + NaOH CH COONa CH C CH - - - +

3
CH O
+ Este ca axit v phenol b thy phn trong mi trng kim d cho 2 mui:

2 4
H SO
5 3 6 3 2
CH COOC H + 2NaOH CH COONa 2H O +
+ Este vng b thy phn cho 1 phn t duy nht:

V d:

2 4
H SO
2 2
CH C O + NaOH HO CH COONa - - - =

O
Ch :
+ Nu este l este ca axit a chc vi cc ru khc nhau thy phn tronng mi trng kim c th
cho nhiu ru:
V d:
m Sn 2009

6

2 4
H SO

5 3 3 2
COO - CH + 2NaOH CH OH + C H OH + COONa

5 2
COO - C H COONa

2 4
H SO

3 3 3
COO - CH + 2NaOH CH OH + CH CHO + COONa

2
COO - CH = CH COONa
+ Nu este l este ca ru a chc vi cc axit khc nhau thy phn tronng mi trng kim c th
cho nhiu mui:
V d:

2 4
H SO

5 3 2 3 2 2
CH COO - CH + 2NaOH CH COONa + C H COONa + HO- CH

5 2 2
C H COO - CH
2
HO- CH
c. Phn ng do gc H_C
- Ty theo gc hirocacbon m este cn c thm cc phn ng cng, trng hp, phn ng th vi dung
dch /
3 3
AgNO NH
V d:

Ni,t
3 2 2 3 2 3
CH COO - CH = CH + H CH COO - CH - CH

3
COO - CH

xt
2 3
CH = C- COO - CH CH C n

3
CH
3
CH n
Metyl meta acrylic poli metyl meta acrylat (thy tinh plexiglas thy tinh hu c)
IV. iu ch
1. Phn ng este ha gia axit v ru
V d:

+
H
5 5 3 2 3 2 2
CH COOH + C H OH CH COOC H H O
+
2. Phn ng cng axit vo ankin

+
H
3 3 2
CH COOH + CH HC CH COO CH CH

Axit axetic axetilen vinyl axetat

VI. Cht bo (lipit)
1. Cu to
- Cht bo (du m ng thc vt) l este ca glixerol v cc axit bo.
C cng thc dng:
m Sn 2009

7

1 2
R COO CH

2
R COO CH (
1
R COO,
2
R COO ,
2
R COO l cc gc axit ca cc axit bo)

3 2
R COO CH
Cc axit bo thng gp l:

15 31
C H COOH( axit panmitic);
17 35
C H COOH( axit stearic)

17 33
C H COOH ( axit oleic);
17 31
C H COOH( axit linoleic)
2. c im
- Cc axit bo u c cu to mch thng khng phn nhnh v cha mt s chn nguyn t cacbon
- Nu cc gc R, R, R u no cht bo dng rn (m)
- Nu cc gc R, R, R u khng no cht bo dng lng (du)
3. Tnh cht ha hc
a. Phn ng thy phn trong mi trng axit
- Lipit thy phn trong mi trng axit to cc axit bo v glixerol:

1 2
R COO CH

2
CH OH

+
H
2 2 1 2 3
R COO CH 3H O R COOH R COOH R COOH CH OH + + + +

3 2
R COO CH
2
CH OH
b. Phn ng thy phn trong mi trng baz (phn ng x phng ha)
- Lipit thy phn trong mi trng baz to cc mui hu c ca cc axit bo (gi l x phng)v
glixerol:

1 2
R COO CH

2
CH OH

+
H
2 1 2 3
R COO CH 3NaOH R COOH R COOH R COOH CH OH + + + +

3 2
R COO CH
2
CH OH
c. Phn ng hiro ha cht bo lng to thnh cht bo rn

17 33 2
C H COO CH

17 35 2
C H COO CH

Ni,t
17 35 2 17 33
C H COO CH 3H C H COO CH
+

17 33 2
C H COO CH
17 35 2
C H COO CH
4. iu ch
Glixeril + axit bo lipit + nc
5. So snh x phng v cht ty ra tng hp
m Sn 2009

8

X phng l hn hp mui natri hay kali ca cc axit
bo
Cht ty ra tng hp (bt git hay x
phng bt) l mui natri ca axit ankyl
sunfuric (R -
3
SO Na ) hay ca axit benzen
sunfuric (R -
6 4
C H -
3
SO Na )
C tc dng ty ra tt nhng mt tc dng ny trong
nc cng:
2+ +
2
2RCOONa + Ca (RCOO) Ca + 2Na
Khng b mt tc dng ty ra ngay c
trong nc cng (khng to kt ta vi ion
2+
Ca v
2+
Mg

CC DNG BI TP

Dng 1: Lp CTPT, CTCT ca este
CTPT
- Cng thc ca mt este bt k:
n
2n + 2 - 2a - 2k 2k
C H O
+ n : s nguyn t cacbon (n 2)
+ a : s lin kt ca gc hirocacbon
+ k : s nhm chc ca este
- Mt s nhn xt v este mch h:
+ Vi 2 nguyn t oxi v 1 lin kt

este no n chc , cng thc l:
n 2n 2
C H O
+ Vi 2 nguyn t oxi v 2 lin kt este no n chc c 1 ni i C = C , cng thc l:

n 2n - 2 2
C H O
+ Vi 4 nguyn t oxi v 2 lin kt este no 2 chc , cng thc l:
n 2n - 2 4
C H O
+ Vi 4 nguyn t oxi v 3 lin kt este no 2 chc c 1 ni i C = C , cng thc l:

n 2n - 4 4
C H O
Phn ng chy ca este:
- Mt este bt k chy:

x y z 2 2 2
y z y
C H O + (x + - )O xCO + H O
4 2 2

m Sn 2009

9

este t chy cho s mol
2
CO lun s mol
2
H O
- este no n chc chy:

n 2n 2 2 2 2
3n - 2
C H O + ( )O nCO + nH O
2

este no t chy lun cho s mol
2
CO lun = s mol
2
H O v ngc li nu t chy mt
este hay hn hp nhiu este cng dy ng ng m thu c s
2
CO = s mol
2
H Oth este hay
hn hp este phi l este no n chc.
- S nguyn t cacbon ca este hay s nguyn t cacbon trung bnh ca este lun c xc nh:
2
CO
este
n
n =
n

Phn ng thy phn trong mi trng NaOH:
- S nhm chc ca este hoc s nhm chc trung bnh ca hn hp este lun c xc nh:
NaOH
este
n
x =
n

Ch : i khi lp CTPT ca 1 este (hoc hp cht cha oxi ni chung) chng ta cng s dng
phng php nh lng
- Gi CTPT ca este l
x y z
C H O sau tm t s x : y : z tm CTDG ca este sau tm CTPT da
vo khi lng phn t hay s nhm chc ca este:
+ Nu khng bit KLPT th:
C O C O H H
: : : :
%m %m m m %m m
x : y : z = =
12 1 16 12 1 16

hoc
H C O
x : y : z = n : n : n
+ Nu khng bit KLPT = M th
C O H
.M .M .M
; y = ; z =
%m %m %m
x =
12 1 16

CTCT
xc nh c CTCT chng ta phi tm c CTCT ca ru tng ng v axit tng ng v ch
cc vn sau:
- Este n chc c to ra t ru n chc v axit n chc
- Este a chc c to ra hoc t ru a chc vi axit n chc hoc t ru n chc vi axit a
chc hoc t ru a chc vi axit a chc
- Este khng no c 1 ni i c th c to ra t axit khng no c 1 ni i vi ru no hoc t ru
khng no c mt ni i vi axit no
- Ch v CTCT ca cc este khi thy phn trong phn l thuyt.
m Sn 2009

10

Cc v d minh ha

V d 1: un 20,4 gam mt hp cht hu c n chc A vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu c
mui B v hp cht hu c C. Khi cho C tc dng vi Na d cho 2,24 lt kh
2
H (ktc). Bit rng khi
un nng mui B vi NaOH (xt CaO, t) thu c kh K c t khi i vi
2
O bng 0,5. C l hp cht
n chc khi b oxi ha bi CuO (t) cho sn phm D khng phn ng vi dung dch /
3 3
AgNO NH d
Xc nh CTCT v gi tn ca A, B, C, D.
Sau phn ng gia A v NaOH thu c dung dch F. C cn F c hn hp cht rn
Tnh khi lng cht rn ny.
Gii
a. Xc nh CTCT v gi tn ca A, B, C, D.
Theo cc d kin ca bi chng ta c th bit c este ny l este n chc c to ra t axit no
n chc (do phn ng vi NaOH thu c kh K c t khi i vi
2
O bng 0,5) v ru bc 2 (do
phn ng vi Na to ra
2
H v b oxi ha bi CuO), c CT l: RCOOR
- Kh K c M = 16 l
4
CH nn axit to este l
3
CH COOH este c dng
3
CH COOR'
- V este n chc nn s mol este = s mol ru = 2 s mol
2
H =
2,24
2. = 0,2 mol
22,4

KLPT ca axit =
20,4
= 102
0,2
7 3
15 + 44 + R' = 102 R' = 43 C H
Nh vy CTCT ca A l:
3 3
CH COO CH CH

3
CH

OH
Mui B l:
3
CH COONa

Ru C l:
3 3
CH C CH Xeton D l:

3 3
CH C CH

3
CH

O
b. Tnh khi lng cht rn .
Cht rn sau phn ng c mui v c th c NaOH d:
S mol mui
3
CH COONa = s mol ru = 0,2 mol khi lng mui = 0,2.82 = 16,4 gam
S mol NaOH d = 0,3.0,1 0,2 = 0,1 mol khi lng NaOH d = 0,1.40 = 4 gam
Tng khi lng cht rn = 16,4 + 4 =20,4 gam
V d 2: Cho vo bnh kn (c V = 500 ml) 2,64 gam mt este A 2 ln este ri em nung nng bnh n
273C cho n khi ton b este ha hi th p sut trong bnh lc ny l 1,792 atm
m Sn 2009

11

Xc nh CTPT ca A
Xc nh CTCT ca A trong 2 trng hp sau:
Sn phm thu c sau phn ng thy phn vi NaOH l hn hp 2 mui v 1 ru
Sn phm thu c sau phn ng thy phn vi NaOH l hn hp 1 mui v 2 ru l ng ng k
tip
Gii
a. Xc nh CTPT ca A
Gi CTPT ca A l
x y 4
C H O m
=
A
1,792.0,5
n = 0,02 mol
22,4
.(273 + 273)
273

A
M = 2,64 : 0,02 = 132 .v.c
A
M = 12x + y + 64 = 132 hay 12x + y = 68

Vy ch c x = 5 , y = 8 l tha mn
CTPT ca A l
5 8 4
C H O
b. Xc nh CTCT ca A:
Do A c 4 nguyn t oxi v 2 lin kt (8 = 2.5 + 2 2a a = 2) este no 2 chc mch h c
to ra t axit no 2 chc vi ru n chc hoc axit no n chc chc vi ru no 2 chc.
Trng hp 1:
- Do sn phm thu c sau phn ng thy phn vi NaOH l hn hp 2 mui v 1 ru nn A phi
c to ra t ru no 2 chc vi 2 axit no n chc khc nhau c dng:
1
R COO Tng s nguyn nguyn t cacbon trong R
1
, R
2
, R
3
m R
3
c t nht 2 nguyen t
2
R COO cacbon nn CCTCT ca A l:
1 2
R COO CH

2 2
R COO CH
Trng hp 2: - Do sn phm thu c sau phn ng thy phn vi NaOH l hn hp 1 mui v 2
ru l ng ng k tip nn A phi c to ra t 2 ru no n chc ng ng k tip v 1 axit no
2 chc. Nn CTCT ca A ch c th l:

3
COO CH

5 2
COO C H
x 4 4 5 6
y 20 8 < 0
3
R
m Sn 2009

12

V d 3: Mt hn hp X gm 2 este n chc thy phn hon ton trong mi trng NaOH d cho
hn hp Y gm 2 ru ng ng lin tip v hn hp mui Z
- t chy hn hp Y th thu c
2
CO v hi
2
H Otheo t l th tch 7:10
- Cho hn hp Z tc dng vi lng va axit sunfuric c 2,08 gam hn hp A gm 2 axit hu c
no. Hai axit ny va phn ng vi 1,59 gam natricacbonat
Xc nh CT ca 2 este bit rng cc este u c s nguyn t cacbon < 6 v s mol ca mi este
trong hn hp u l bng nhau.
Gii
Do este n chc c to t ru no (t l th tch
2
CO v hi
2
H O l 7:10) v axit no nn hn hp
2 este phi l no n chc c to ra t 2 ru no n chc ng ng k tip v 2 axit no n chc
- Xc inh CT ca 2 ru:
Gi CTC ca 2 ru l
n 2n +1
C H OH, t l th tch
2
CO v hi
2
H O l 7:10 nn
n : ( n + 1) = 7 : 10 n = 2,33
2 ru l
5 2
C H OHv
7 3
C H OH
Cng thc ca hai este c dng
n 5 2n + 1 2
C H COOC H v
m 7 2m + 1 3
C H COOC H
- Xc inh CT ca 2 mui:
Gi CTC ca 2 mui l: RCOOH
Do 2 este l n chc nn tng s mol 2 este = tng s mol 2 axit = tng s mol 2 mui = tng s mol

2 4 2 4
2RCOONa + H SO 2RCOOH + Na SO
0,03 mol 0,03 mol

2 3 2 2
2RCOOH + Na CO 2RCOONa + H O + CO
0,03 mol
1,59
= 0,015 mol
106

T phn ng Tng s mol 2 mui = 0,03 mol
Do 2 este l n chc nn tng s mol 2 este = tng s mol 2 ru = tng s mol 2 mui = 0,03 mol
Mt khc ta bit hai ru l
5 2
C H OH (a mol) v
7 3
C H OH(b mol) v t l th tch
2
CO v hi
2
H O
khi t chy hai ru ny l 7:10 nn ta c:
2a + 3b 7
=
a = 0,02 mol; b = 0,01 mol 3a + 4b 10
a + b = 0,03

Do l hn hp 2 este n chc nn s mol mi ru = s mol ca mi axit rng ng . Hay:
m Sn 2009

13

S mol ca
n 2n + 1
C H COOH l 0,02 mol v s mol ca
m 2m + 1
C H COOH l 0,01 mol
Khi lng 2 axit = 0,02(14n + 46) + 0,01(14m + 46 ) = 2,08
2n + m = 5 (0 n 2; 0 m 1)
n 0 0 1 2
m 5 3 1

Nh vy ch c n = 2, m = 1 l tha mn
CTCT ca este l:
5 5 2 2
C H COOC H v
7 3 3
CH COOC H
V d 4: A l este ca glixerol vi axitcacbonxilic no n chc mch h. un nng 7,9 gam A vi
NaOH d cho ti phn ng hon ton thu c 8,6 gam mui. Cho hn hp mui ny tc dng vi
2 4
H SO d thu c hn hp 3 axit X, Y, Z trong X, Y l ng phn ca nhau, Z l ng ng k
tip ca Y. Xc nh CTPT, CTCT c th c ca A bit Z c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh.

Gii
Gi CTC ca este l

2
HO - CH
5 3 3
(RCOO) C H + 3NaOH 3RCOONa + HO - CH

2
HO - CH
1 mol A to ra 3 mol mui KLPT tng = 3(R + 44 + 23) 3(R + 44) + 41 = 28 .v.c
x mol A to ra 3x mol mui tng = 8,6 7,9 = 0,7 gam
x =
0,7
= 0,025mol
28

A
7, 9
M = = 316
0, 025
.v.c
3(R + 44 + 23) + 41 = 316
hay R = 38,33
1
R < R = 38,33 <
2
R (
1
R ,
2
R l gc hirocacbon no lin tip)
1
R = 29 )
3 2
(CH CH ;
2
R = 43 )
3 2 2
(CH CH CH
3
R = 43 )
3
(CH CH

3
CH
Gi CTCT ca A c l:
m Sn 2009

14

3 2 2
CH CH COO - CH
3 2 2 2
CH CH CH COO - CH
3 2 2
CH CH CH COO - CH
3 2
CH CH COO - CH

3 2
CH CH COO - CH
3 2
CH CH COO - CH

3
CH
3
CH

3 2 2
CH CH COO - CH

3
CH CH COO - CH

3
CH

3 2 2 2
CH CH CH COO - CH
V d 5: Mt este A (khng cha chc no khc) mch h c to ra t 1 axit n chc v ru no.
Ly 2,54 gam A t chy hon ton thu c 2,688 lt
2
CO (ktc) v 1,26 gam
2
H O. 0,1 mol A phn
ng va vi 12 gam NaOH to ra mui v ru. t chy ton b lng ru ny c 6,72 lt
2
CO (ktc). Xc nh CTPT, CTCT ca A
Gii
0,1 mol A phn ng va vi
12
= 0,3 mol
40
NaOH theo t l 1:3 nn A l este 3 chc (ca ru no
ba chc v axit n chc )
2 2
CO H O
2,688 1,26
n = = 0,12mol; n = = 0,07mol
22,4 18

2 2
2 2
H A C O CO H O O
O A CO H O
m = m + m + m = 12.n + 2.n + 16n
n = m - 12.n + 2.n = 0,06mol

Gi CTGN ca este l
x y z H C O
C H O x : y : z = n + n + n = 0,12 : 0,14 : 0,06 = 6 : 7 : 3

CTG ca A l
n 7 6 3
(C H O ) A l este 3 chc c 6 nguyn t oxi nn CTPT ca A l
12 14 6
C H O v
A
M = 254

Khi A phn ng vi NaOH th s mol A = s mol ru = 0,1 mol
t chy ru thu c
6,72
= 0,3 mol
22,4

s nguyn t cacbon ca ru =
0,3
= 3
0,1
nn ru l
5 3 3
C H (OH)

CTCT ca A c dng
5 1 3 3
(R COO) C H
m Sn 2009

15

1 1 2
3(R + 44) + 41 = 254 R = 27 CH CH =
CTCT ca A l:
3 2 2
CH CH COO - CH

3 2
CH CH COO - CH

3 2 2
CH CH COO - CH
V d 6: t chy mt th tch este n chc A (mch h) thu c 4 th tch
2
CO , v 3 th tch
2
H O.Xc nh CTCT ng ca A bit rng khi thy phn A trong mi trng axit thu c axeton:
A.
2
H COO C CH = B.
3
H COO CH CH CH =

3
CH
C.
3
H COO C CH CH = D.
3 2
CH COO C CH =

3
CH
3
CH
Gii
Gi CTTQ ca este l
x y 2
C H O
x y 2 2 2 2
y y
C H O + (x + - 1) O x CO + H O
4 2

1V 4V 3V
x = 4; y = 6. CTPT ca A l
4 6 2
C H O
Ta thy A c 2 lin kt trong phn t nn A phi l este khng no c mt lin kt i n chc.
Khi thy phn A trong mi trng axit thu c axeton nn A phi l este ca 1 axit no n chc v
ru khng no bc 2 c nhm OH lin kt vi C c ni i
CTCT ca A l
2
H COO C CH =

3
CH
p n A
V d 7: un nng 0,1 mol cht hu c X vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH thu c 13,4 gam
mui ca mt axit hu c Y v 9,2 gam mt ru. Cho ru bay hi 127C v 600 mmHg thu c
mt th tch 8,32 lt. CTCT ca X l:
A.
5 5 2 2
C H OOC COOC H B.
5 3 2
CH OOC COOC H

C.
5 3 2 2
CH OOC CH COOC H D.
5 5 2 2 2
C H OOC CH COOC H

~~~~~~~
Theo p n th este l no n hoc hai chc
m Sn 2009

16

600
8,32
PV
760
n = = = 0,2mol
22,4
RT
(273 + 127)
273
ru

5 2
9,2
M = = 46 C H OH
0,2

ru
Ru l
S mol ru = 2 ln s mol X nn este phi l este ca axit hai chc v ru n chc c dng:
5 5 2 2
C H OOC R COOC H
5 5 2 2 2 2
R(COOC H ) + 2NaOH 2C H OH + R(COONa)

0,2 mol 0,1 mol
13,4
M = = 134
0,1

mui
R + 67.2 = 134 R = 0 mui l COONa
COONa
CTCT ca X l:
5 2
COOC H

5 2
COOC H
p n A

Dng 2: Este ca phenol
Monoeste ca axit v phenol phn ng vi NaOH theo t l 1:2 cho 2 mui (khc vi cc monoeste
khc ch phn ng vi NaOH theo t l 1:1). V d:
+ phenyl axetat:

5 5 6 6 2
RCOOC H + 2NaOH RCOONa + C H ONa + H O
V ngc li nu 1 monoeste phn ng vi NaOH theo t l 1:2 hoc cho 2 mui th phi l
monoeste ca phenol
V d 1: Mt cht hu c A n chc gm 3 nguyn t C, H, O tc dng va vi dung dch KOH
1,666%. Sau phn ng thu c dung dch X . C cn dung dch X th trong phn hi thu c 86,6
am nc. Cn li cht rn Y c khi lng l 23 gam. t chy hon ton Y thu c tng khi ng
2
CO v
2
H O l 38 gam v 13,8 gam
2 3
K CO . Ly ton b lng
2
CO

ny cho tc dng vi dung dch
2
Ca(OH) d thy to ra 70 gam kt ta.
a.Xc nh CTPT A
b. Xc nh CTCT ca A
Gii
m Sn 2009

17

a.Xc nh CTPT
Bi ny chng ta phi lp CT ca A bng phng php nh lng
2 3
K CO
13,8
= = 0,1 mol
138
n
p dng LBTNT kali
2 3
K CO KOH KOH
2 = = 0,2 mol = 0,2.56 = 11,2 gam n n m
dd KOH
11,2.100
= = 96 gam
11, 666
m
2
H O trong dd KOH
= 96 - 11,2 = 84,8 gam m
2
H O A
= 86,6 - 84,8 = 1,8gam m
t chy

Theo LBTKL th :

2
2
+ +
Y A KOH H O
+
Y A H O KOH
=
= - = 23 + 1,8 - 11,3 = 13,6 gam
m m m m
m m m m

+
2 3 3
C(A) C(K CO ) C(CaCO ) C(A)
= + = 0,1 + 0,7 = 0,8 mol n n n n
+
2
H(A) H(H O)
2(38 - 44.0,7)
= 2 = = 0,2 mol
18
n n
+
)
H A C
O(A)
- ( +
13,6 - 12.0,8 + 1.0,8
= = = 0,8 mol
16 16
m m m
n
Gi CTGN ca este l
x y z H H C
C H O x : y : z = : : = 0,8 : 0,8 : 02 = 4 : 4 : 1 n n n
CTG ca A l )
n 4 4
(C H O m A l cht n chc phn ng vi KOH nn A ch c th l axit hoc
este n chc c s nguyn t oxi = 2 hay n = 2
Vy CTPT ca A l
8 8 2
C H O
b. Xc nh CTCT
A
n = 13,6 : 136 = 0,1 mol;
KOH
n = 0,2 mol
Nn A phn ng vi KOH theo t l 1:2 v A phi l este n chc ca phenol
Cc CTCT c th c ca A l:

3
CH COO HCOO HCOO HCOO

3
CH
3
CH
3
CH
m Sn 2009

18

V d 2: t chy hon ton 6,8 gam mt este A no n chc cha vng benzen thu c
2
CO v
2
H O. Hp th ton b sn phm ny vo bnh ng dung dch
2
Ca(OH) ly d thy khi lng bnh
tng 21,2 gam ng thi c 40 gam kt ta. Xc nh CTPT, CTCT c th c ca A
Gii
Dng phng php nh lng
Khi lng bnh tng = khi lng
2
CO + khi lng
2
H O
M
2
CO CaCO C
= = 0,4 mol = 0,4 mol n n n

2 2

H H O H O
3,6
= 21,2 - 44.0,4 = 3,6 gam = = 0,2 mol = 0,2 mol
18
m n n
O
6,8 - (12.0,4 + 1.0,4)
= = 0,1 mol
16
n
Gi CTGN ca A l :
x y z H H C
C H O x : y : z = : : = 0,4 : 0,4 : 01 = 4 : 4 : 1 n n n
CTG ca A l )
n 4 4
(C H O m A l este n chc c s nguyn t oxi = 2 hay n = 2
Vy CTPT ca A l
8 8 2
C H O
3

3
CH
3
CH
3
CH
m Sn 2009

19

N TP ESTE

Cu 1: CTCT ca
4 6 2
C H O m khi thy phn trong mi trng axit thu c sn phm c phn ng
trng gng l:
A.
3
HCOO CH CH CH = B.
3 2
CH COO CH CH =
C.
2 2
HCOO CH CH CH = D. C A, B, C
Cu 2: Cho cht hu c A ch cha 1 loi nhm chc tc dng vi 1 lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M thu
c a gam mui v 0,1 mol ru. Lng NaOH d c th trung ha ht 0,5 lt dung dch HCl 0,4M.
Cng thc tng qut ca A l:
A. RCOOR' B.
2
(RCOO) R'

C.
3
(RCOO) R' D.
3
R(COOR')
Cu 3: Cho 21,8 gam cht hu c A ch cha 1 loi nhm chc tc dng vi 1 lt dung dch NaOH
0,5M thu c 24,6 gam mui v 0,1 mol ru. Lng NaOH d c th trung ha ht 0,5 lt dung dch
HCl 0,4M. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca A l:
A.
5 3 2
CH COOC H B.
3 2 2 4
(CH COO) C H

C.
5 3 3 3
(CH COO) C H D.
5 3 3 3
C H (COOCH )
Cu 4: X phng ha hon ton 9,7 gam hn hp hai este no n chc X, Y cn 100 ml dung dch
NaOH 1,5M. Sau phn ng c cn dung dch thu c hn hp 2 ru ng ng lin tip v 1 mui
duy nht. CTCT thu gn ca 2 este l:
A.
5 3 2
HCOOCH ; HCOOC H B.
5 3 3 3 2
CH COOCH ; CH COOC H

C.
5 5 5 2 3 2 2
C H COOCH ; C H COOC H D.
7 7 5 3 3 3 2
C H COOCH ; C H COOC H
Cu 5: 1,76 gam mt este no n chc phn ng ht vi 40 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M thu c cht X
v cht Y. t chy hon ton 1,2 gam cht Y cho 2,64 gam
2
CO v 1,44 gam
2
H O. CTCT ca este
l:
A.
7 3 3
CH COOC H B.
5 2 3
C H COOCH

C.
3 3
CH COOCH D.
7 3
HCOOC H
Cu 6: tng hiu sut ca phn ng este ha (cho ra nhiu este hn) ta nn:
A. Tng nhit B. Dng H
+

C. Dng nhiu axit hay ru hn D. Dng OH xc tc
Cu 7: Cho CTPT ca mt este l
5 8 2
C H O . ng vi CTPT s ng phn khi b x phng ha cho
anehit l:
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
m Sn 2009

20

Cu 8: Vi CTPT
8 8 2
C H O c bao nhiu ng phn este khi x phng ha cho ra 2 mui
A. 5 B. 4 C. 3 D. 6
Cu 9: t chy 0,05mol mt este n chc A thu c 11 gam
2
CO v 3,6 gam
2
H O. C bao nhiu
CTCT ca A tha mn iu kin khi un A vi dung dch NaOH ta thu c sn phm c phn ng
vi /
3 3
AgNO NH

A. 7. B.8. C.5. D.3.
Cu 10: Dy gm cc cht c xp theo chiu nhit si tng dn t tri sang phi l:
A.
5 3 2 2 6 3
CH CHO; C H OH; C H ; CH COOH B.
5 3 2 6 3 2
CH COOH;C H ;CH CHO; C H OH;

C.
5 2 6 2 3 3
C H ;C H OH; CH CHO; CH COOH D.
5 2 6 3 2 3
C H ; CH CHO;C H OH; CH COOH

Cu 11: Cho s chuyn ha sau:
C
3
H
4
O
2
+ NaOH X + Y
X + H
2
SO
4
long Z + T
Bit Y v Z u c phn ng trng gng. Hai cht Y, Z tng ng l:
A. HCHO, CH
3
CHO. B. HCHO, HCOOH.
C. CH
3
CHO, HCOOH. D. HCOONa, CH
3
CHO
Cu 12: Polivinyl axetat (hoc poli(vinyl axetat)) l polime c iu ch bng phn ng trng hp
A. CH
2
= CH COO CH
3
. B. CH
2
= CH COO C
2
H
5
.
C. CH
3
COO CH = CH
2
. D. C
2
H
5
COO CH = CH
2

Cu 13: Khi t chy hon ton 4,4 gam cht hu c X n chc thu c sn phm chy ch gm
4,48 lt CO
2
( ktc) v 3,6 gam nc. Nu cho 4,4 gam hp cht X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH va
thu c 4,8 gam mui ca axit hu c Y v cht hu c Z. Tn ca X l (Cho H = 1; C = 12; O
=16; Na = 23)
A. isopropyl axetat. B. etyl propionat. C. metyl propionat. D. etyl axetat.
Cu 14: Cho cht X tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sau c cn dung dch thu
c cht rn Y v cht hu c Z. Cho Z tc dng vi /
3 3
AgNO NH

thu c cht hu c T. Cho cht
T tc dng vi dung dch NaOH li thu c cht Y. Cht X c th l
A. HCOOCH = CH
2
. B. HCOOCH
3
.
C. CH
3
COOCH = CH CH
3
. D. CH
3
COOCH = CH
2

Cu 15: Polime dng ch to thu tinh hu c (plexiglas) c iu ch bng phn ng trng hp
A. CH
3
COOCH = CH
2
. B. CH
2
= C(CH
3
)COOCH
3
.
C. CH
2
= CHCOOCH
3
. D. C
6
H
5
CH = CH
2
.
Cu 16: Chia 7,8g hn hp ru etylic v ru ng ng R-OH thnh 2 phn bng nhau.
m Sn 2009

21

+ Phn I: Cho tc dng vi Na (d) thu c 1,12 lt
2
H (ktc) .
+Phn II: Cho tc dng vi 30g
3
CH COOH( c mt
2 4
H SO c).
Tnh tng khi lng este thu c , bit hiu sut cc phn ng este ha u l 80%
A. 5,48g B. 6,48g C. 7,48g C. 7,48g
Cu 17: Cho 80.6 gam trieste ca glixerol vi axit hu c, n chc tc dng va vi 12 gam
NaOH. Khi lng mui thu c l :
A. 76.2 gam B. 83.4 gam C. 91.2 gam D. 91.8 gam
Cu 18: Thy phn 1 este n chc no E bng dung dch NaOH thu c mui khan c khi lng
phn t bng 24/29 khi lng phn th E. T khi hi ca E i vi khng kh bng 4. Cng thc cu
to E l:
A.
5 7 2 3
C H COOC H B.
3
HCOOCH

C.
7 3 3
C H COOCH D.
5 2 3
C H COOCH
Cu 19: ng vi cng thc phn t
4 8 2
C H O c bao nhiu este l ng phn ca nhau?
A. 4 B. 3 C. 2 D. 5
Cu 20: Chia 4,4 gam mt este X thnh 2 phn bng nhau. t chy hon ton phn 1, cho ton b sn
phm chy hp th vo bnh ng
2
Ba(OH) d th khi lng bnh tng 6,2 gam v c 19,7 gam kt
ta trng. X phng ha hon ton phn 2 bng dung dch NaOH d thu c 2,05 gam mui Natri.
CTCT ca X l
A.
2 3 3
C H COOCH B.
7 3
HCOOC H

C.
5 3 2
CH COOC H D.
5 2 3
C H COOCH
Cu 21: Khi thy phn 0,01 mol este to bi axit hu c n chc X v ancol Y th dng ng 1,68g
KOH, cn khi thy phn 6,35 gam este trn th cn 3 g NaOH thu c 7,05 gam mui. Cng thc cu
to ca este l:
A.
13 16 6
C H O B.
12 14 6
C H O

C.
14 18 6
C H O D.
15 20 6
C H O
Cu 22: Cho cc cht lng: axit axetic, glixerol, triolein. phn bit cc cht sau c th dng:
A. Nc v qu tm. B. Nc v dung dch NaOH.
C. Dung dch NaOH. D. Nc brom.
Cu 23: C bao nhiu ng phn este mch thng c CTPT l
6 10 4
C H C . Khi tc dng vi NaOH ch
to 1 ru v 1 mui.
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
Cu 24: t chy hon ton a mol este X to bi ancol no, n chc, mch h v axit khng no (c 1
lin kt i), n chc, mch h thu c 8,96 lt
2
CO (ktc) v 5,4g nc. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 0,05 mol B. 0,1 mol C. 0,15 mol D. 0,2 mol
m Sn 2009

22

Cu 25: un este E (
6 12 2
C H O ) vi dung dch NaOH ta c mt ru A khng b oxi ha bi CuO.
E c tn l:
A. Isopropyl propionat. B. Isobutyl axetat
C. n - butyl axetat D. Tertbutyl axetat
Cu 26: Hai este A, B l dn sut ca benzen c cng thc phn t l
9 8 2
C H O ; A v B u cng hp
vi brom theo t l mol l 1:1. A tc dng vi dung dch NaOH cho mt mui v mt anehit. B tc
dng vi dung dch NaOH d cho hai mui v nc, cc mui u c phn t khi ln hn phn t
khi ca
3
CH COONa . Cng thc cu to ca A v B ln lt l cc cht no sau y ?
A.
6 4 2
HOOC C H CH CH = v
5 2 6
CH CH COO C H = .
B.
5 6 2
C H COO CH CH = v
5 6
C H CH CH COOH =
C.
6 4 2
HOOC C H CH CH = v
5 6
HCOOCH CH C H = .
D.
5 6 2
C H COO CH CH = v
5 2 6
CH CH COO C H = .
Cu 27: E l cht hu c c cng thc phn t
7 12 4
C H O . E tc dng vi dung dch NaOH un nng
to 1 mui hu c v 2 ru l etanol cng propanol-2. Tn gi ca E l :
A. etyl isopropyl oxalat B. etyl isopropyl malonat
C. metyl isopropyl oxalat D. ietyl aipat
Cu 28: t chy 3,7 gam cht hu c X cn dng 3,92 lt
2
O (ktc) thu c ,
2 2
CO H Oc t l mol
l 1:1. X tc dng vi KOH to ra 2 cht hu c. Cng thc phn t ca X l:
A.
3 6 2
C H O B.
3 4 2
C H O C.
2 4 2
C H O D.
4 8 2
C H O
Cu 29: Triglixerit l este 3 ln ca glixerol. Nu un nng Glixerol vi hn hp 3 axit
1
R COOH,
2
R COOH ,
3
R COOH(c xc tc) th thu c ti a bao nhiu triglixerit?
A. 12 B. 22 C. 9 D. 18
Cu 30: t chy mt lng este no, n chc E, dng ng 0,35 mol oxi, thu c 0,3 mol CO
2
. Vy
cng thc phn t este ny l:
A.

3 4 2
C H O B.
3 6 2
C H O C.
2 4 2
C H O D.
4 8 2
C H O

m Sn 2009

23

HNG DN GII

Cu 1: D
Cu 2: C
n
NaOH ban u
= 1.0,5 = 0,5 mol; n
NaOH phn ng
= 0,5 mol 0,5.0,4 = 0,3 mol
n
NaOH phn ng
: n
ru
= 3 : 1 nn A l este ca ru 3 chc vi axit n chc
3
(RCOO) R' + 3NaOH 3RCOONa + R'OH

p n C

Cu 3: C
Tng t cu 2 ta c A l este ca ru n chc vi axit a chc
3
(RCOO) R' + 3NaOH 3RCOONa + R'OH

0,1 mol 0,3 mol 0,3 mol 0,1 mol
M
mui
= 24,6 : 0,3 = 82
RCOONa
M = 82 hay R + 67 = 82 R = 15 vy mui l
3
CH COOH
A
M = 21,8 : 0,1= 218
3(15 + 44) + R = 218 R = 41 vy ru l
5 3 3
C H (OH)
CT ca este l:
5 3 3 3
(CH COO) C H
p n C
Cu 4: A
Gi CT chung ca 2 este l C
n
H
2n
O
2

Hai este n chc nn tc dng vi NaOH theo t l 1: 1
este NaOH
n = n = 0,15 mol
este
9, 7
M = = 64,67 = 14n 32 n = 2,33
0,15
+
Sau phn ng vi NaOH c cn dung dch thu c hn hp 2 ru ng ng lin tip v 1 mui duy
nht nn hai este phi l ng ng lin tip v cc este phi c cu to t cng mt gc axit v hai
ru ng ng k tip.
CTPT ca 2 este l
2 4 2 3
C H O HCOOCH
CTCT ca 2 este phi l
5 3 6 2 2
C H O HCOOC H
p n A
Cu 5: D
m Sn 2009

24

2
2 2
2
CO
CO H O
H O
2,64
= = 0,06 mol
44
<
1,44
= = 0,08 mol
18
n
n n
n
)
nn Y phi l ru no n chc
n 2n + 1
C H OH
CO
2
H O CO
2 2
0,06
= = 3
- 0,08 - 0,06
n
n =
n n
ru l
7 3
C H OH
este c dng
7 3
RCOOC H
Mt khc
este NaOH
n = n = 0,04.0,5 = 0,02 mol
este
1, 76
M = = 88 R + 44 + 43 = 88 hay R = 1
0,02

CTCT ca este l
7 3
HCOOC H
p n D
Cu 6: C
Cu 7: C
Cc ng phn
5 8 2
C H O

khi b x phng ha cho 1 anehit phi c cu to t axit no n chc v
ru khng no bc 1 c nhm OH lin kt vi nguyn t cacbon c ni i:
3 2 2
CH CH COOCH = CH :
3 3
CH COOCH = CH CH :
2 3
HCOOCH = CH CH CH
C 3 ng phn
p n C
Cu 8: B
Vi CTPT
8 8 2
C H O l este (n chc ) khi x phng ha cho ra 2 mui nn n phi l este ca phenol
3

C 4 ng phn
p n B
Cu 9: A
Gi CT ca este l
x y 2
C H O

x y 2 2 2 2
y y
C H O + (x + - 1)O x CO + H O
4 2

3
CH
3
CH
3
CH
m Sn 2009

25

0,05 mol
11
= 0,25 mol
44

3,6
= 0,2 mol
18

x = 5, y = 8 CTPT ca A l
5 8 2
C H O
A c 2 lin trong phn t v 1 nguyn t oxi nn A l este khng no c mt ni i n chc.
Khi un A vi dung dch NaOH ta thu c sn phm c phn ng vi /
3 3
AgNO NH th:
+ Hoc A c to ra t axit formic vi ru khng no c mt ni i n chc
+ Hoc A c to ra t ru khng no bc 1 c nhm OH lin kt vi cacbon c ni i n chc vi
axit no n chc.
Cc CTCT ca A tha mn l:
3 2 2
CH CH COOCH = CH (1):
3 3
CH COOCH = CH CH (2):
2 3
HCOOCH = CH CH CH (3)
2 3
HCOOCH CH = CH CH (4):
2 2 2
HCOOCH CH CH = CH (5):
3
HCOOCH = C CH (6)

3
CH

3
HCOOCH C = CH (7)

3
CH

Cu 10: D
Cu 11: C
2 3
2 4 2 4
HCOOCH= CH + NaOH HCOONa + CH CHO
2HCOONa + H SO 2HCOOH + Na SO

Cu 12: C
xt

3 2 2
CH COO CH CH CH CH n =
Vinyl axetat
3
OOCCH n Poli vinyl axetat
Cu 13: C
2
2
CO C
H H O
4,48
= = 0,2 mol = 0,2 mol
22,4
3,6
= = 0,2 mol = 0,4 mol
18
n n
n n

O
4,4 - (12.0,2 + 1.0,4)
= = 0,1 mol
16
n
Gi CT ca este l
x y z
C H O x : y : z = 0,2 : 0,4 : 0,1 = 2 : 4 : 1
CTG ca A l
n 2 4
(C H O) . V A n chc nn n = 1, 2
Vi n = 1, CTPT ca A l
2 4
C H Okhng c CTCT no phn ng vi NaOH
m Sn 2009

26

Vi n = 2, CTPT ca A l
4 8 2
C H O , A c th l axit hoc este
Gi CT ca mui to ra khi cho A tc dng vi NOH c dng RCOONa
V A n chc nn s mol mui = s mol A =
4,4
= 0,05 mol
88

RCOONa
4,8
M = = 96 R + 44 + 43 = 96 hay R = 29
0,05

5 2
C H
CT ca mui l
5 2
C H COONa
CT ca este l
5 2 3
C H COOCH (metyl propionat)
p n C
Cu 14: D
3 2 3 3
CH COOCH= CH + NaOH CH COONa + CH CHO
X Y Z
3
dd NH
3 2 3
CH CHO + Ag O CH COOH + 2Ag
Z T
3 3 2
CH COOH + NaOH CH COONa + H O
T Y
Cu 15: B

3
COO - CH

xt
2 3
CH = C- COO - CH CH C n

3
CH
3
CH n
Metyl meta acrylic poli metyl meta acrylat (thy tinh plexiglas thy tinh hu c)
Cu 16: B
S mol ru mi phn:
2
H
1,12
n = 2n = 2 = 0,1 mol
22,4
ru

Do hiu sut l 80% nn ch c 0,8.
7,8
=
2
3,12 gam ru phn ng vi 0,8,0,1.60 = 4,8 gam
3
CH COOHv to (m) gam mui + 0,1.0,8.18 = 1,44 gam
2
H O
m = 3,12 + 4,8 1,44 = 6,48 gam
p n B
Cu 17: B
m Sn 2009

27

5 5 3 3 3 3
(RCOO) C H + 3NaOH 3RCOONa + C H (OH)
= 0, 3mol 0,1mol
12
40

p dng LBTKL ta c: Khi lng mui = 80,6 + 12 92.0,1 = 83,4 gam
p n B
Cu 18: A
Gi CT ca este c dng RCOOR'
E
E 5 2
7 3
M = 4.29 = 116 = R + 44 + R' R + R' = 72
116.24
M = 116 M = = 96 R + 67 = 96 R = 29 C H
29
R' = 43 C H

mui

CT ca este l
5 7 2 3
C H COOC H
p n A
Cu 19: A
Bn ng phn este c CTPT C
4
H
8
O
2
l:
2 2 3 3 3 3 2 3
3 2 3
HCOO CH CH CH (1) ; HCOO CH(CH CH (2) ; CH COO CH CH (3);
CH CH COO CH (4)

)

p n A
Cu 20: C
2 3
2 2
2
CO BaCO
CO H O
H O
19,7
n = n = = 0,1 mol
197
n = n
6,2 - 44.0,1
n = = 0,1 mol
18
+

)
X l este no n chc
n 2n 2
C H O
n 2n 2 2 2 2
3n -1
C H O + O n CO + n H O
2
2,2
0,1mol
14n+32

4 8 2
2,2n
= 0,1mol n = 4 C H O
14n+32

Gi CT ca mui l RCOONa
Este n chc nn s mol este = s mol mui =
2,2
14n+32
= 0,025 mol
3
2,05
M = = 82 R + 67 = 82 R = 15 CH
0, 025

mui
mui l
3
CH COONa
CTCT ca este l:
5 3 2
CH COOC H
m Sn 2009

28

p n C
Cu 21: B
0,01 mol este phn ng vi
1,68
= 0,03 mol KOH
56
nn l este ba chc ca axit n chc vi ru ba
chc c dng
3
(RCOO) R'
3 3
(RCOO) R' + 3NaOH 3RCOONa + R'(OH)
0, 025mol = 0, 075mol 0, 075mol
3
40

2 3
7,05
M = = 94 R + 67 = 94 R = 27 C H
0, 075

mui

este 5 3
6,35
M = = 254 3(R + 44) + R' = 254 R' = 41 C H
0, 025

este l
5 2 3 3 3
(C H COO) C H . CTPT l
12 14 6
C H O
p n B
Cu 22: A
Chn phng n A v:
u tin cho nc vo 3 l ng 3 cht lng trn, Triolein l cht bo nn s khng tan v ni ln trn
mt nc, trong khi axit axetic v glixerol tan tt trong nc. Ta nhn bit c triolein.
Tip theo ta dng qu tm cho vo 2 l ng 2 dung dch cn li, l no lm qu tm chuyn sang mu
l l ng axit axetic, l khng c hin tng l l ng glixerol.
Cu 23: C
Este este mch thng c CTPT l
6 10 4
C H O c 2 lin kt t trong phn t v 4 nguyn t oxi dng vi
NaOH ch to 1 ru v 1 mui nn phi l este ca 2 ru no n chc ging nhau v 1 axit no 2
chc hoc este ca ru no 2 chc vi hai axit no n chc ging nhau
+ Ete ca 2 ru no n chc ging nhau v 1 axit no 2 chc:

3 2 2 3
CH OOC CH CH COOCH (1)
3 2 2 3
CH CH OOC COO CH CH (2)
+ Ete ca ru no 2 chc vi hai axit no n chc ging nhau:

2 2 2 2
HCOO CH CH CH CH OOCH (3)
3 2 2 3
CH COO CH CH OOCH C (4)
p n C
Cu 24: B

n 2n - 2 2 2 2 2
3n - 3
C H O + O nCO + (n - 1)H O
2

m Sn 2009

29

a mol
8,96
= 0,4 mol
22,4

5,4
= 0,3 mol
18

0,3n = 0,4(n -1) n = 4
a = 0,1 mol
p n B
Cu 25: D
un este E (
6 12 2
C H O ) vi dung dch NaOH ta c mt ru A khng b oxi ha bi CuO nn ru
phi l ru bc 3. Suy ra CTCT ca E l

3
CH

3 3
CH COO C CH (Tertbutyl axetat)

3
CH
p n D
Cu 26: D
Xt cc p n ch c p n D tha mn yu cu bi.
Phng trnh ha hc xy ra khi cho A,B tc dng vi NaOH:

5 5 6 2 6 3
C H COO CH CH + NaOH C H COONa + CH CHO =

5 5 2 6 2 6
CH CH COO C H + NaOH CH CH COONa + C H OH = =
Ch :
5 5 6 6 2
C H OH + NaOH C H ONa + H O
Chn D
Cu 27: A
Este
7 12 4
C H O c dng
2 3
COOCH CH
2 3
COOCH CH
R R = 14
2
CH , CTCT ca este l
2
CH
2
COOCH CH
2
COOCH CH

3
CH
3
CH (etyl isopropyl oxalat)
p n A
Cu 28: A
m Sn 2009

30

2 2 2
CO H O O
3, 92
= a mol; = = 0,175mol
22, 4
n n n =

p dung LBTKL ta c: 44a + 18a = 3,7 + 32.0,175 = 9,3 gam
2 2
CO H O
= 0,15 mol n n = (este no n chc cng thc l
n
2n 2
n 2n 2 C H O
C H O , = b mol n )
p dung LBTNT oxi ta c: 2b + 2.0,175 = 2.0,15 + 0,15
n
2n 2
C H O
= b = 0, 05mol n

n
2n 2
C H O
3, 7
=14n + 32 = = 74 n = 3
0, 05
M
3 6 2
C H O

p n A
Cu 29: D
Cc trieste c gc axit dng :
-
1
R
1
R
1
R ;
2
R
2
R
2
R ;
3
R
3
R
3
R ;
-
1
R
1
R
2
R ;
1
R
2
R
1
R
-
1
R
1
R
3
R ;
1
R
3
R
1
R
-
2
R
2
R
1
R ;
2
R
1
R
2
R
-
2
R
2
R
3
R ;
2
R
3
R
2
R
-
3
R
3
R
1
R ;
3
R
1
R
3
R
-
3
R
3
R
2
R ;
3
R
2
R
3
R
-
1
R
2
R
3
R ;
1
R
3
R
2
R ;
2
R
1
R
3
R ;
C tt c 18 trieste
p n D
Cu 30: B
CTTQ ca este no n chc l
n 2n 2
C H O
2 2
CO H O
= 0,3 mol n n =

Gi s mol ca este l a. p dung LBTNT oxi ta c: 2a + 2.0,35 = 2.0,3 + 0,3
n
2n 2
C H O
= a = 0,1mol n

2
CO
= = 3
0,1
n
n
3 6 2
C H O

p n B

Bs 2

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