GIO N TCH HP GIO VIN: LP: MN: THI GIAN:

Thi gian thc hin:19h Gio n s:01 Tn chng: Tnh in Thc hin t ngy :/../.n ngy:././.

Tn bi: in trng Mc tiu ca bi: Sau khi hc xong bi ny ngi hc c kh nng: - Trnh by c nh ngha v in trng. - Trnh by c cc nh lut, cc tnh cht, cc i lng c bn v in trng. dng v phng tin dy hc: - Bng, phn, bn v, my tnh, my chiu. Hnh thc t chc dy hc: - Tp trung c lp. I. n nh lp hc: Thi gian: 10 - Gii thiu: Gio vin, mn hc, cc yu cu cn thit. - im danh lp. II. Thc hin bi hc: Hot ng dy hc Thi Hot TT Ni dung Hot ng ca gio gian ng ca vin hc sinh Dn nhp: - Lng 10 - Cu to c bn ca vt cht. nghe, 1 Thuyt trnh - Nguyn t trung ha in. - Ghi chp Gii thiu ch : - t cu hi, 25 - in trng l g? - Phn tch cc - Lng - Tc dng v nh hng ca in trng? cu tr li ca nghe, 2 hc sinh, - Tr li - Xc nh kin cu hi thc hin ti. 3 Gii quyt vn : - Thuyt trnh - Quan 180 1.Khi nim v in trng. - Minh ha bng st. 1.1. in tch . hnh nh - Lng Vt cht c cu tao t nhng hat rt nho, nghe. F F + khng th phn chia c thanh nho hn ( trong - Tr li F F gii han hiu bit cua khoa hoc), goi la nhng cu hat s cp. Trong t nhin co nhiu hat s cp hi. mang in. bng thc ngim ngi ta thy rng F F nu hat s cp mang in thi ngi ta khng th ly c in tich cua no i.Co hai loai in - t cu hi lien tich la in tich dng va in tich m. quan. - inh lut bao toan in tich Trong mt h kin c lp v in, tng ai s cac in tich lun la mt hng s. 1.2. in trng . 1.2.1. nh lut Coulomb. Lc tng tac gia hai in tich im ng yn trong chn khng ti l vi cac ln cua in tich va ti l nghich vi binh phng khoang cach gia chung lc tng tac co phng trung vi ng thng ni hai in tich. q1 q 2 F= 4 a r 2

trong o : + q1, q2 la in lng cua hai in tich o o bng C(Culng). + r la khoang cach gia hai in tich o o bng m (met) + a la thm in mi tuyt i (la h s th hin s anh hng cua mi trng cha cac in tich ln lc tng tac). a = . 0 + la thm in mi tng i cua mi trng. + 0 la hng s in mi cua chn khng. 0 = 8,86.10 12 n vi F/m( Fara/met) 1.2.2. nh ngha v tnh cht ca in trng. in trng la dang vt cht tn tai xung quanh in tich va tac dung lc ln in tich khac t trong no 1.2.3. Cng in trng v ng sc in trng. Cng in trng tai mt im la ai lng vt li c trng cho in trng v phng din tac dung l, c o bng thng s cua lc in trng tac dung ln mt in tich th t tai im o va ln cua in tich th o.
E= F q

- Lc tac dung ln in tich t trong in trng

F = qE

+ Nu q >0 thi F cung chiu vi E + Nu q <0 thi F ngc chiu vi E - Cng in trng gy bi mt in tich im Q tai mt im cach no mt khoang cach la r.
E= Q 4 a r 2

Phng cua in trng gy bi mt in tich im la ng thng hng ra xa nu Q > 0 ; hng v Q nu Q < 0. ng sc cua in trng la ng ma tip tuyn vi no tai mi im trung vi phng cua vec t cng in trng tai im o, chiu cua ng sc la chiu cua vec t cng in trng tai im o. - in trng u in trng u la in trng ma tai moi im cng in trng co tri s ging nhau va chiu ging nhau. Vi du in trng gia hai ma cua mt tu in phng co khoang cach gia hai ma cua tu in nho hn rt nhiu so vi chiu dai va chiu rng cac ma. - n vi cua cng in trng la V/m (Vn/met)

Kt thc vn : Nhc li cc kin thc v nhn mnh cc im chnh. inh lut bao toan in tich Trong mt h kin c lp v in, tng ai s cac in tich lun la mt hng s. nh lut Coulomb. Lc tng tac gia hai in tich im ng yn trong chn khng ti l vi cac ln cua in tich va ti l nghich vi binh phng khoang cach gia chung lc tng tac co phng trung vi ng thng ni hai in tich. q1 q 2 F= 4 a r 2 Cng in trng tai mt im la ai lng vt li c trng cho in trng v phng din tac dung l, c o bng thng s cua lc in trng tac dung ln mt in tich th t tai im o va ln cua in tich th o.
E= F q

30

- Thuyt trnh Vit li cc biu thc v gii thch. q1 q 2 F= 4 a r 2

E= F q

- Lng nghe. - Ghi chp.

E=

Q 4 a r 2

- Cng in trng gy bi mt in tich im Q tai mt im cach no mt khoang cach la r.

E= Q 4 a r 2

Hng dn t hc: 5

H thng li kin thc , Hs cn ghi nh v trnh by c cc N, Khi nim, nh lut v cc biu thc trong bi.

15

III. Rt kinh nghim t chc thc hin: .. .. Ngy thng nm Trng Khoa/Trng t mn Gio vin

Thi gian thc hin:19h Gio n s:02 Tn chng: Tnh in Thc hin t ngy :/../.n ngy:././.

Tn bi: in th v hiu in th.

Mc tiu ca bi: Sau khi hc xong bi ny ngi hc c kh nng: - Trnh by c nh ngha v in th v hiu in th. - Trnh by c mi lin h gia in th, in tch v in trng. dng v phng tin dy hc: - Bng, phn, bn v, my tnh, my chiu. Hnh thc t chc dy hc: - Tp trung c lp I. n nh lp hc: Thi gian: - im danh lp. - Kim tra bi c. II. Thc hin bi hc: Hot ng dy hc Thi TT Ni dung Hot ng ca Hot ng ca gian gio vin hc sinh Dn nhp: - Lng nghe, 1 Thuyt trnh Cc thng s chnh ca dng in l g? - Ghi chp - t cu hi, - Phn tch cc Gii thiu ch : cu tr li ca - Lng nghe, 2 Th no l hiu in th? hc sinh, - Tr li cu hi - Xc nh kin thc hin ti. 3 Gii quyt vn : - Thuyt trnh - Quan st. 2. in th - hiu in th (in p). - Minh ha bng - Lng nghe. 2.1. Cng ca lc in trng. hnh nh - Tr li cu hi - Cng cua lc in trng - t cu hi Cng cua lc in lam di chuyn lin quan. mt in tich t im nay n im khac - Gii thch. trong in trng (tinh) ti l vi ln in tich di chuyn, khng phu thuc vao hinh dang ng i, ma chi phu thuc vao vi tri im u im cui.
A = qEd

2.2. in th. - in th va hiu in th in th tai mt im tng in trng co ln bng thng s gia cong cua lc in trng lam di chuyn in tich im t vi chi o ra xa v cung vi ln cua in tich o.
VM = AM q

2.3. Hiu in th. Hiu in th gia hai im trong in trng la ai lng c chng cho kha nng thc hin cng cua in trng gia hai im o va c o bng thng s gia cng cua lc in trng lam di chuyn mt in tich dng t im no n im kia va ln cua in tich di chuyn.

U AB =

AAB q

- Chiu dng cua hiu in th la chiu t im co in th cao xung im co in th thp. - in th gy ra bi mt in tich im Q tai mt im cach no mt khoang cac la r.
V = Q 4 a r

- n vi cua in th va hiu in th la V(Vn) - Lin h gia cng in tng u vi hiu in th Trong in trng u ta co quan h gia cng in trng vi hiu in th nh sau
E= U d

Vec t cng in trng E co chiu t ni co in th cao xung ni co in th thp Kt thc vn : Nhc li cc kin thc v nhn mnh cc im chnh.
A = qEd

in th tai mt im tong in trng co ln bng thng s gia cong cua lc in trng lam di chuyn in tich im t vi chi o ra xa v cung vi ln cua in tich o.
VM =

AM q

Hiu in th gia hai im trong in trng la ai lng c chng cho kha nng thc hin cng cua in trng gia hai im o va c o bng thng s gia cng cua lc in trng lam di chuyn mt in tich dng t im no n im kia va ln cua in tich di chuyn.
U AB = AAB q

- Thuyt trnh - Din gii.

- Lng nghe. - Ghi chp.

Hng dn t hc: 5

H thng li kin thc , Hs cn ghi nh v trnh by c cc N, Khi nim v cc biu thc trong bi.

III. Rt kinh nghim t chc thc hin: .. .. Ngy thng nm Trng Khoa/Trng t mn Gio vin

Gio n s:03

Thi gian thc hin:. Tn chng: Mch in mt chiu Thc hin t ngy :/../.n ngy:././.

Tn bi: Dng in v mch in mt chiu.

Mc tiu ca bi: Sau khi hc xong bi ny ngi hc c kh nng: Trnh by c cc khi nim c bn v dng in v mch in mt chiu. dng v phng tin dy hc: - Bng, phn, bn v, my tnh, my chiu. Hnh thc t chc dy hc: Tp trung c lp I. n nh lp hc: Thi gian: - im danh lp. - Kim tra bi c. II. Thc hin bi hc: Hot ng dy hc Thi TT Ni dung Hot ng ca gio Hot ng gian vin ca hc sinh Dn nhp: - Lng 1 Nu cc ng dng trong thc t s dng Thuyt trnh nghe, ngun mt chiu. - Ghi chp Gii thiu ch : - t cu hi, - Lng Dng in v mch in mt chiu. - Phn tch cc cu tr nghe, 2 - Th no l dng in mt chiu? li ca hc sinh, - Tr li - Th no l mch in mt chiu? - Xc nh kin thc cu hi hin ti. 3 Gii quyt vn : - Thuyt trnh - Quan st. 1. Khi nim v dng in mt chiu v - Minh ha bng hnh - Lng mch in. nh nghe. 1.1. Dng in v dng in mt - t cu hi lin - Tr li chiu. quan. cu hi - Dng in l dng chuyn di c - Gii thch. hng ca cc ht mang in. - Dng in mt chiu l dng in c chiu v gi tr khng i theo thi gian. 1.2. Chiu qui c ca dng in. Chiu dng in quy c l chiu chuyn ng ca cc in tch dng trong in trng.
A i

R
UAB

1.3. Cng v mt dng in. - Dng in i v tr s bng tc bin thin ca in tch q qua tit din ngang ca mt vt dn.
i= dq dt

- Mt dng in trong vt dn bng thng s gia cng dng in v tit din ngang ca vt dn.
J = I S

- n v ca mt dng in l A/m2(Ampe/mt vung). 2. Mch in v cc phn t ca mch in.

2.1. Mch in. - Mch in l tp hp cc thit b ni vi nhau bng dy dn to thnh dng kn trong dng in c th chy qua. 2.2. Cc phn t cu thnh mch in. - Mch in gm cc phn t sau: + Ngun in: l thit b pht ra in nng . L thit b bin i cc dng nng lng khc nh c nng, ho nng , nhit nng .thnh in nng. + Ti : l thit b tiu th in nng v bin i nng lng t in nng thnh cc dng nng lng khc nh c nng, nhit nng, quang nng + Dy dn : dy dn bng kim loi dng truyn ti in nng t ngun n ti. Kt thc vn : - Lng Nhc li cc kin thc v nhn mnh - Thuyt trnh nghe. cc im chnh. - Din gii. - Ghi - Dng in: chiu, cng , mt . chp. - Mch in: cc phn t chnh. Hng dn t hc: H thng li kin thc , Hs cn ghi nh v trnh by c cc N, Khi nim v cc biu thc trong bi.

III. Rt kinh nghim t chc thc hin: .. .. Ngy thng nm Trng Khoa/Trng t mn Gio vin

Gio n s:04

Thi gian thc hin:. Tn chng: Mch in mt chiu Thc hin t ngy :/../.n ngy:././.

Tn bi: Cc nh lut v biu thc c bn trong mch mt chiu. Mc tiu ca bi:

Sau khi hc xong bi ny ngi hc c kh nng: - Trnh by v vit cng thc nh lut m cho cc dng mch c bn. - Trnh by c cc nh lut c bn v ng dng lien qua n cng sut v in nng trong mch mt chiu dng v phng tin dy hc: - Bng, phn, bn v, my tnh, my chiu. Hnh thc t chc dy hc: Tp trung c lp I. n nh lp hc: Thi gian: - im danh lp. - Kim tra bi c. II. Thc hin bi hc: Hot ng dy hc Thi TT Ni dung Hot ng ca gian Hot ng ca gio vin hc sinh Dn nhp: - Lng nghe, 1 Thuyt trnh - Ghi chp Gii thiu ch : - t cu hi, - Phn tch cc cu tr - Lng nghe, 2 li ca hc sinh, - Tr li cu - Xc nh kin thc hi hin ti. 3 Gii quyt vn : - Quan st. 3. Cc nh lut v biu thc c bn - Lng nghe. trong mch mt chiu. - Thuyt trnh - Tr li cu 3.1. nh lut Ohm. - Minh ha bng hnh hi. 3.1.1. Thit lp biu thc. nh - Ghi chp - inh lut m cho nhanh - t cu hi lin quan. thun tr Gii thch. + Biu thc tinh in ap trn in tr U = RI + Biu thc tinh dong in qua in tr
I = U R

R U

- inh lut m cho nhanh co sc in ng E va in tr R Xet nhanh co E, R nh hinh ve. + Biu thc tinh in ap U: U=U1 +U2 +U3 +U4 = R1I-E1+R2I+ E2 = (R1+R2)I-(E1-E2) R ) I E = ( Vy : U= Trong biu thc trn ta quy c du nh sau: Sc in ng E va dong in I co chiu chung vi chiu cua U se ly du dng
( R ) I E

U1 R1

U2 E1 U

U3 R3

U4 E2

E, r

E', r'

UAB

va ngc lai + Biu thc tinh dong in :

I = U + E

Trong biu thc trn ta quy c nh sau Sc in ng E va in ap U co chiu trung vi chiu dong in se ly du dng, ngc lai ly du m. - inh lut m cho mach in mt ngun. + Xet mach in gm ngun in E co in tr trong r mc vi in tr R nh hinh ve. + Cng dong in.
I=

+ Hiu in th mach ngoai. UAB=E-RI - inh lut m cho mach in co hai ngun (ngun thu va ngun phat) + Xet mach in gm ngun phat in E co in tr trong r, ngun thu E' co in tr trong R', mc vi in tr nh hinh ve. Cng dong in
I = E E' r + r ,+R

E r+R

3.1.2. in tr; in tr sut v s ph thuc ca in tr vo nhit . - Biu thc v cc i lng trong biu thc. 3.2. Cng sut v in nng trong mch mt chiu. 3.2.1. nh lut Joule -Lenz - Hin tng - Pht biu nh lut. - ng dng. 3.2.2. nh lut Faraday - Hin tng - Pht biu nh lut. - ng dng. 3.2.3. Hin tng nhit in - Hin tng - ng dng 4 5 Kt thc vn : Nhc li cc kin thc v nhn mnh cc im chnh. Hng dn t hc: - Thuyt trnh - Din gii. - Lng nghe. - Ghi chp.

H thng li kin thc , Hs cn ghi nh v

trnh by c cc N, Khi nim v cc biu thc trong bi. III. Rt kinh nghim t chc thc hin: .. .. Ngy thng nm Trng Khoa/Trng t mn Gio vin

Gio n s:05

Thi gian thc hin:. Tn chng: Mch in mt chiu Thc hin t ngy :/../.n ngy:././.

Tn bi: Cc phng php gii mch in mt chiu

Mc tiu ca bi: Sau khi hc xong bi ny ngi hc c kh nng: - Trnh by cc php bin i tng ng: ni tip, song song, sao-tam gic, tam giac- sao. - Gii c mch mt chiu bng phng php xp chng dng in. dng v phng tin dy hc: - Bng, phn, bn v, my tnh, my chiu. Hnh thc t chc dy hc: Tp trung c lp I. n nh lp hc: Thi gian: - im danh lp. - Kim tra bi c. II. Thc hin bi hc: TT 1 Dn nhp: Gii thiu ch : 2
R1 R2 R3 Rn

Ni dung

a)
3
R1 R2

Rtd

Rn

Rtd

b)
Gii quyt vn : 4. Cc phng php gii mch mt chiu. 4.1. Phng php bin i in tr. 4.1.1. Mch u ni tip v song song. + Cc in tr mc ni tip (hinh a) : Rtd = R1+R2+R3++Rn + Cc in tr mc song song (hinh b) : 1 1 1 1 1 = + + +...+ R td R1 R 2 R 3 Rn

Hot ng dy hc Hot ng ca gio Hot ng ca vin hc sinh - Lng nghe, Thuyt trnh - Ghi chp - t cu hi, - Phn tch cc cu - Lng nghe, tr li ca hc - Tr li cu sinh, hi - Xc nh kin thc hin ti. - Thuyt trnh - Quan st. - Minh ha bng - Lng nghe. hnh nh - Tr li cu - t cu hi lin hi quan. - Gii thch.

Thi gian

4.1.2. Mch u hn hp.

+ Bin i mch sao thnh mch tam gic:
( Quy tc nh : in tr cua nhanh hinh

R1 R3
3

R31 R2
2 3

R12
2

R23

R31
3

R12
2

R1 R3
3

R2
2

R23

tam giac tng ng bng tng cua hai in tr hinh sao ni vi no cng vi tich cua chung chia cho in tr th ba.) + Bin i mch tam gic thnh mch sao: R12 .R 31 R12 +R 23 +R 31 R 23 .R12 R12 +R 23 +R 31 R 31.R 23 R12 +R 23 +R 31

R1 = R2 = R3 =

( Quy tc nh : in tr cua nhanh hinh sao tng ng bng tich hai in tr tam giac kep no chia cho tng ba in tr tam giac.) 4.2. Phng php xp chng dng in. 4.2.1. Phng php chung. - Ni dung phng php Nguyn l xp chng: Trong mch in tuyn tnh nhiu ngun, dng in qua cc nhnh bng tng i s cc dng in qua cc nhnh do tc dng ring r ca tng sc in ng ( lc cc sc in ng khc coi nh bng khng ). - Trnh t p dng : + Thit lp s in ch c mt ngun tc ng + Tnh dng in v in p trong mch ch c mt ngun tc ng. + Thit lp s mch in cho cc ngun tip theo, lp li cc bc 1 v 2 i vi cc ngun tc ng khc.

+ Xp chng ( cng i s) cc kt qu tnh dng in, in p ca mi nhnh do ngun tc dng ring r.

4.2.2. V d minh ha. Cho mch in nh hnh v, cc in

tr v sc in ng cho trc Hy xc nh cc dng din i vo cc nhnh?

Bi gii: Gi s chiu dng in i vo cc nhnh nh hnh v:

Thit lp s ch c mt ngun E1 tc ng

Nhn vo hnh v ta thy ((R 5//R4) nt R3)//R2 nt R1) p dng cc phng php bin i tng ng ta s tnh ra c dng in i vo tng nhnh. S ch c ngun E2

Nhn vo hnh v ta thy ((R1/R2 nt R3)//R4 nt R5) p dng cc phng php bin i tng ng ta s tnh ra c dng in i vo tng nhnh Dng in tng hp i vo cc nhnh:

I1 =I11 -I12 I 2 =I 21 +I 22 I3 =I31 -I32 I 4 =I 41 +I 42 I5 =I51 -I 52

4 5 Kt thc vn : Nhc li cc kin thc v nhn mnh cc im chnh. Hng dn t hc: - Thuyt trnh - Din gii. - Lng nghe. - Ghi chp.

H thng li kin thc , Hs cn ghi nh v trnh by c cc N, Khi nim v cc biu thc trong bi.

III. Rt kinh nghim t chc thc hin: .. .. Ngy thng nm Trng Khoa/Trng t mn Gio vin

Gio n s:06.

Thi gian thc hin:. Tn chng:Mch in mt chiu Thc hin t ngy :/../.n ngy:././. Tn bi: nh lut Kirchooff v ng dng.

Mc tiu ca bi: Sau khi hc xong bi ny ngi hc c kh nng: - Trnh by c nh lut kirchooff 1&2 - ng dung nh lut kirchooff vo vic gii mch in mt chiu bng phng php dng in nhnh. dng v phng tin dy hc: - Bng, phn, bn v, my tnh, my chiu. Hnh thc t chc dy hc:

Tp trung c lp I. n nh lp hc: - im danh lp. - Kim tra bi c. II. Thc hin bi hc: TT 1

Thi gian:

Hot ng dy hc Hot ng ca Hot ng ca gio vin hc sinh Dn nhp: - Lng nghe, Thuyt trnh - Ghi chp Gii thiu ch : - t cu hi, - Phn tch cc cu tr - Lng nghe, li ca hc - Tr li cu sinh, hi - Xc nh kin thc hin ti. Gii quyt vn :. - Thuyt trnh - Quan st. 4.3. Cc phng php ng dng nh lut - Minh ha - Lng nghe. Kirchooff. bng hnh - Tr li cu 4.3.1. Cc khi nim (nt, nhnh, vng). nh hi 4.3.2. Cc nh lut Kirchooff. - t cu hi - nh lut kichp 1 lin quan. nh lut Kichp 1 pht biu cho mt - Gii thch. nt. Tng i s cc dng in ti mt nt bng khng Ni dung Trong quy c cc dng in i vo mt nt mang du dng th cc dng in i ra khi nt mang du m v ngc li. hinh ve trn thi : I1+(-I2)+(-I3)=0 - nh lut kichp 2 nh lut Kichp pht biu cho mch vng kn i theo mt vng kn, theo mt chiu ty tng i s cc in p ri trn cac in tr bng tng i s cc sc in ng trong vng ; trong nhng sc in ng v dng in c chiu trng vi chiu i vng s ly du dng ngc li mang du m.

Thi gian

nut

=0

RI
- Ni dung phng php

= E

4.3.3. Phng php dng in nhnh Nu mch c n nt v m nhnh th theo nh lut K 1 ta thit lp c n-1 phng trinh nt, theo nh lut K2 ta thit lp c (m-n+1) phng trnh vng. - Trnh t tin hnh:

+ Chn chiu dng in nhnh( ty ) y l s n ca h phng trnh + Xc nh s nt trn s mch v vit (n-1) phng trnh da theo K1 + Xc nh s nhnh m v vit (m-n+1) phng trnh vng theo K2 + Gii h phng trnh - V d minh ha V d 1: + Cho mch in nh hnh v, cc in tr v sc in ng cho trc + Hy xc nh cc dng din i vo cc nhnh?

Gii: Mch in c n = 2 nt; m = 3 nhnh; Gi s dng in i vo cc nhnh c chiu nh hnh v:

p dng nh lut K1 cho nt A:

I1 -I 2 -I3 =0
p dng nh lut K2 :

E1 =

R 1.I1 +R 2 .I 2 +R 6 .I1

-E 2 = - R 2 .I 2 +R 3 .I 3
Gii h phng trnh 3 phng trnh 3 n ta c gi tr cc dng in V d 2: - Cho mch in nh hnh v, cc in tr v sc in ng cho trc - Hy xc nh cc dng in i vo cc nhnh?

Gii: Gi s dng in i vo cc nhnh c chiu nh hnh v:

p dng nh lut K1 cho nt A:

I1 -I 2 -I3 =0
p dng nh lut K1 cho nt B:

I3 -I 4 -I5 =0
p dng nh lut K2 :

E1 =

R 1.I1 +R 2 .I 2 +R 6 .I1

0 = - R 2 .I 2 +R 3 .I3 +R 4 .I 4 -E 2 = - R 4 .I 4 +R 5 .I5
Gii h phng trnh 5 phng trnh 5 n ta c gi tr cc dng in 4 Kt thc vn : Nhc li cc kin thc v nhn mnh cc im chnh. Hng dn t hc: - Thuyt trnh - Din gii. - Lng nghe. - Ghi chp.

H thng li kin thc , Hs cn ghi nh v trnh by c cc N, Khi nim, phng php v cc biu thc trong bi.

III. Rt kinh nghim t chc thc hin: .. .. Ngy thng nm Trng Khoa/Trng t mn Gio vin

Thi gian thc hin:21h. Tn chng: T trng v cm ng t. .. Thc hin t ngy :/../.n ngy:././. Tn bi: Khi nim v cc tnh cht c bn ca t trng .. Mc tiu ca bi: Sau khi hc xong bi ny ngi hc c kh nng: - Trnh by c cc khi nim v cc tnh cht c bn ca: + T trng nam chm vnh cu. + T trng trong dy dn thng, trong ng dy. - Cch xc nh chiu ca t trng bng qui tc vn nh c. dng v phng tin dy hc: - Bng, phn, bn v, my tnh, my chiu. Hnh thc t chc dy hc: - Tp trung c lp I. n nh lp hc: Thi gian: - im danh lp. Gio n s:07

- Kim tra bi c. II. Thc hin bi hc: TT 1 Dn nhp: Gii thiu ch : 2 Ni dung Hot ng dy hc Hot ng ca Hot ng ca gio vin hc sinh - Lng nghe, Thuyt trnh - Ghi chp - t cu hi, - Phn tch cc cu tr li ca - Lng nghe, hc sinh, - Tr li cu hi - Xc nh kin thc hin ti. - Thuyt trnh - Quan st. - Minh ha bng - Lng nghe. hnh nh - Tr li cu hi - t cu hi lin quan. - Gii thch. Thi gian

Gii quyt vn : 1. i cng v t trng. T trng ca nam chm vnh cu. ng sc t ca nam chm vnh cu i t cc bc(N) n cc nam(S). Nu hai cc nam chm phng v kh gn nhau th cc ng sc khong gia hai cc song song v cch u nhau, ta bo l t trng u. T trng l mt dng vt cht, c biu hn c trng l tc dng lc in t ln kim nam chm hay dy dn mang dng in t trong n. biu din t trng bng hnh nh ta dng khi nim ng sc t. ng sc t l ng cong v trong t trng m tip tuyn mi im ca n trng vi kim nam chm t ti im , chiu ca ng sc t l chiu hng t cc bc(N) n cc nam(S) ca kim nam chm. Trong thc t ngi ta c th lm hin ln ng sc t bng cch: rc mt st ln tm ba cng, t vo trong t trng, g nh ln tm ba. Khi mi mt st nhim t tr thnh mt kim nam chm, chic n ni tip chic kia theo cc ng sc t. Bng cc phng php ngi ta thy rng ng sc t lun l nhng ng cong khp kn.

N
N S N S

2. T trng ca dng in.

Thc nghim chng t rng xung quanh dy dn mang dng in, hay ni chnh xc hn xung quanh cc in tch chuyn ng lun tn ti mt in trng v ngc li t trng cng ch xut hin nhng ni c in tch chuyn ng.
2.1. T trng ca dy dn thng.

I ng sc t l nhng vng trn ng tm trong mt phng vung gc vi dy dn, tm ti trc ca dy dn. Chiu ca ng sc c xc nh theo quy tc vn nt chai. V ln: cng t trng H ti im M cch trc dy dn mt khong cch a l:
H= I 2a

2.2. T trng ca vng dy v ng dy.

Nu chiu di ca ng y ln so vi ng knh, th ng sc t trong ng dy song song vi nhau, chiu ng sc cng c xc nh theo quy tc vn nt chai: Quay nt chai theo chiu dng in trong ng th chiu tin ca nt chai l chiu ng sc trong ng dy. Trong trng hp ny cng t trng ti cc

im trong ng y s bng nhau. T trng trong ng dy c gi l t trng u v c tri s:

H= I.W l

(3-2) Trong : I l dng in chy trong dy dn. W l s vng dy ca ng L l chiu di ca ng dy. Kt thc vn : Nhc li cc kin thc v nhn mnh cc im chnh. Hng dn t hc:

- Thuyt trnh - Din gii.

- Lng nghe. - Ghi chp.

H thng li kin thc , Hs cn ghi nh v trnh by c cc N, Khi nim, phng php v cc biu thc trong bi.

III. Rt kinh nghim t chc thc hin: .. .. Ngy thng nm Trng Khoa/Trng t mn Gio vin

Thi gian thc hin:21h. Gio n s:08 Tn chng: T trng v cm ng t. Thc hin t ngy :/../.n ngy:././. Tn bi: Cc i lng c trng ca t trng v lc t. Mc tiu ca bi: Sau khi hc xong bi ny ngi hc c kh nng: - Trnh by c cc khi nim v i lng c trng ca t trng v lc t. - Trnh by c cc phng php tnh ton cc gi tr c trng trn. dng v phng tin dy hc: - Bng, phn, bn v, my tnh, my chiu. Hnh thc t chc dy hc: - Tp trung c lp I. n nh lp hc: Thi gian: - im danh lp.

- Kim tra bi c. II. Thc hin bi hc: TT 1 Dn nhp: Gii thiu ch : 2 Ni dung Hot ng dy hc Hot ng ca Hot ng ca gio vin hc sinh - Lng nghe, Thuyt trnh - Ghi chp - t cu hi, - Phn tch cc cu tr li ca - Lng nghe, hc sinh, - Tr li cu hi - Xc nh kin thc hin ti. - Thuyt trnh - Quan st. - Minh ha bng - Lng nghe. hnh nh - Tr li cu hi - t cu hi lin quan. - Gii thch. Thi gian

Gii quyt vn : 3. Cc i lng c trng ca t trng. Cng t cm. Cng mt ngun t trng sinh ra nhng t trong mi trng khc nhau th mc tng tc lc in t cng mnh yu khc nhau. i lng c trng cho t trng v phng din tc dng lc l cng t cm. Cng t cm l mt i lng vc t, vc t t cm cng phng chiu vi vc t cng t trng. Tr s cng t cm bng tr s lc in t tc dng ln dy dn di mt n v, mang dng in mt n v t vung gc vi ng sc t ti im .
B= F I .l

- Trong h SI:
F: lc in t tnh bng n v Niutn I: cng dng in tnh bng Ampe L: chiu di dy dn tnh bng mt B: Cng t cm tnh bng Tesla, k hiu l T Ngoi n v l Tesla ngi ta cn dung n v Gauser(1 gao-x = 10-4 Tesla). 1N 1J V.S 1T = = = 2 2 1A.1m 1A.1m m Y ngha ca tesla nh sau: Mt im ca t trng c cng t cm 1 Tesla ngha l nu t ti im mt dy dn di 1m, c dng in 1A th lc t

tc dng ln dy dn l 1Niutn. - H s t thm. Cng t cm B l mt i lng ph thuc vo mi trng. Gi cng t cm ca t trng dng in trong chn khng l B0 v mi trng no l B th ta c: gi l h s t thm tng i ca mi trng. T s gia vct cng t cm v cng t trng gi l h s t thm tuyt i ca mi trng:
a =

V B v H cng phng chiu nn ta c:

a = B H

H s t thm trong chn khng k hiu l 0 nh vy cng t cm trong chn khng B0 = 0.H T (3-5) v (3-8) ta c: B= .B0 = .0.H So snh vi (3-7) ta c: 0 = .0 0 ph thuc n v chn. trong h dn v SI ngi ta xc nh c: 0 = 4.10-7 H/m 4. Lc t. Lc in t c ng dng rt rng ri trong k thut, v l c s ch to my in v kh c in. Trng hp n gin nht l lc t tc dng ln dy dn thng mang dng in. Thc nghim chng t rng t mt dy dn thng c dng in vung gc vi ng sc ca t trng u s xut hin lc in t tc dng ln dy dn c xc nh nh sau: V tr s t l vi cng t cm B, cng dng in chay trong dy dn v chiu di tc dng ca dy dn ( chiu di phn dy t trong t trng). F = B.I.l

Trng hp tng qut khi t trng B to vi thanh dn mt gc ta c F = B.I.l.sin V phng chiu c xc nh theo quy tc bn tay tri. Kt thc vn : Nhc li cc kin thc v nhn mnh cc im chnh. Hng dn t hc:

- Thuyt trnh - Din gii.

- Lng nghe. - Ghi chp.

H thng li kin thc , Hs cn ghi nh v trnh by c cc N, Khi nim, phng php v cc biu thc trong bi.

III. Rt kinh nghim t chc thc hin: .. .. Ngy thng nm Trng Khoa/Trng t mn Gio vin

Thi gian thc hin:21h. Tn chng: T trng v cm ng t. .. Thc hin t ngy :/../.n ngy:././. Tn bi: Hin tng cm ng in t v ng dng. Mc tiu ca bi: Sau khi hc xong bi ny ngi hc c kh nng: - Trnh by c hin tng cm ng in t, cch tnh gi tr cc i lng c trng v cng ca lc in t. - Trnh by c mi lin h gia hin tng ny vi cc ng dng my pht in v ng c in. dng v phng tin dy hc: - Bng, phn, bn v, my tnh, my chiu. Hnh thc t chc dy hc: - Tp trung c lp I. n nh lp hc: Thi gian: - im danh lp. - Kim tra bi c. II. Thc hin bi hc: Hot ng dy hc Thi TT Ni dung Hot ng ca Hot ng ca gian gio vin hc sinh Dn nhp: - Lng nghe, 1 Thuyt trnh - Ghi chp 2 Gii thiu ch : - t cu hi, - Lng nghe, - Phn tch cc - Tr li cu hi cu tr li ca hc sinh, Gio n s:09

Gii quyt vn : 5. Hin tng cm ng in t. 5.1. T thng. T thng c trng cho s ng sc xuyn qua vung gc vi din tch S ngi ta s dng t thng (k hiu l ) = B.S Trong : B: t cm n v 1Tesla S: din tch t trng xuyn qua n v m2 : T thng n v vbe (k hiu: Wb) Ngoi vbe ngi ta cn s dng n v Maxwell(Mc Xoen k hiu Mx) 1Mx = 10-8 Wb 5.2. Cng ca lc in t. Di tc dng ca lc t thanh dn dch chuyn c mt on b, khi ta c cng ca lc in t tc dng ln thanh dn l: A = F.b = B.I.l.b =B.I.S = I. Trong S= l.b l phn din tch dy n mang dng in qut qua. Nh vy cng ca lc in t tc dng ln dy dn lm y dn dch chuyn bng tch ca dng in vi t thng dy dn qut qua. 5.3. Hin tng cm ng in t. 5.4. Sc in ng cm ng trong vng dy c t thng bin thin. Khi t thng xuyn qua vng dy bin thin s cm ng mt sut in ng cm ng trong vng y. sut in ng ny c chiu sao cho dng in n sinh ra to thnh t thng c tc dng chng li s bin thin t thng sinh ra n. c vit theo cng thc Mc-xoen nh sau:
e = d dt

- Xc nh kin thc hin ti. - Thuyt trnh - Minh ha bng hnh nh - t cu hi lin quan. - Gii thch.

- Quan st. - Lng nghe. - Tr li cu hi

5.5. Sc in ng cm ng trong dy dn thng chuyn ng ct t trng. Khi thanh dn chuyn ng thng gc vi ng sc t s xut hin mt sut in ng cm ng c tr s: e = Blv Trong : B cng t cm n v T(Tesla)

L chiu di hiu dng ca thanh dn n v do l mt

V tc thanh dn o bng m/s

Nu thanh n chuyn ng mt gc vi t trng ta c: e = B.l.v. sin

Chiu ca sut in ng c xc nh bng quy tc bn tay phi.

5.6. ng dng. 5.6.1. Nguyn l my pht in. Khi dy dn chuyn ng trong t trng s xut hin mt sut in ng cm ng c tr s: E = Blv Nu ta ni vi mt ph ti R th trong mch s c dng in I, ng thi s xut hin lc in cn tr chuyn ng ca dy dn. F = B.I.l duy tr chuyn ng ca dy dn ta cn phi tc dng mt lc vo dy dn. Nh vy c nng chuyn thnh in nng cp cho ti R. y chnh l nguyn tc ca my pht in. Khi ta c: Pc = F.v = B.I.l.v = E.I = Pin Gi s dy dn c in tr ro ta c:
I= E hay E= IR + I.ro R + r0

5.6.2. Nguyn l ng c in. Khi thanh dn mang dng in t trong t trng to vi t trng, thanh dn s chu mt lc in t c chiu c xc nh theo quy tc ban tay tri, c tr s l: F =B.I.l Gi s di tc dng ca lc in t dy dn chuyn ng vi vn tc v theo phng ca lc (tc vung gc vi ng sc t). Do theo nh lut cm ng in t s xut hin mt sut in ng cm ng E=Blv, vi phng chiu c xc nh theo quy tc bn tay phi. Ta thy sut in ng E nguc chiu dng in I, E c gi l sut phn in ng. gi r0 l in tr ca dy dn ta c: U E =I.r0 Nhn c hai v vi dng in ta c:
UI EI = I 2 r0 UI = EI + I 2 r0

Tc l: Pin = Pc + Po Ngha l dy dn mang dng in t trong t trng nhn cng sut in

t ngun in c in p U, bin thnh cng sut c hc. y l nguyn tc ca ng c in. 4 Kt thc vn : Nhc li cc kin thc v nhn mnh cc im chnh. Hng dn t hc: - Thuyt trnh - Din gii. - Lng nghe. - Ghi chp.

H thng li kin thc , Hs cn ghi nh v trnh by c cc N, Khi nim, phng php v cc biu thc trong bi.

III. Rt kinh nghim t chc thc hin: .. .. Ngy thng nm Trng Khoa/Trng t mn Gio vin

Thi gian thc hin:21h. Tn chng: T trng v cm ng t. .. Thc hin t ngy :/../.n ngy:././. Tn bi: Hin tng t cm h cm , tnh cht v ng dng Mc tiu ca bi: Sau khi hc xong bi ny ngi hc c kh nng: - Trnh by, gii thch hin tng t cm h cm, vit biu thc tnh v nu cc tnh cht ca 02 hin tng ny. - Trnh by mi lin h gia cc hin tng ny vi ng dng ca dng Foucault dng v phng tin dy hc: - Bng, phn, bn v, my tnh, my chiu. Hnh thc t chc dy hc: - Tp trung c lp I. n nh lp hc: Thi gian: - im danh lp. - Kim tra bi c. II. Thc hin bi hc: Hot ng dy hc Thi TT Ni dung Hot ng ca Hot ng ca gian gio vin hc sinh Dn nhp: - Lng nghe, 1 Thuyt trnh - Ghi chp 2 Gii thiu ch : - t cu hi, - Lng nghe, - Phn tch cc - Tr li cu hi cu tr li ca Gio n s:10

3 Gii quyt vn : 6. Hin tng t cm v h cm. 6.1. T thng mc vng v h s t cm. Cun dy khi c dng in chy qua s to ra t trng, ng sc t trng phn ln bao quanh cc vng ca cun dy, to ra t thng mc vng qua cun dy, k hiu l . Khi dng in i tng, t thng mc vng cng tng nhng t s ca chng ni chung l khng i, v c gi l h s t cm ca cun dy:
L= I

hc sinh, Xc nh kin thc hin ti. Thuyt trnh Minh ha bng hnh nh t cu hi lin quan. Gii thch.

- Quan st. - Lng nghe. - Tr li cu hi

Nh vy h s t cm c trng cho kh nng sinh ra t thng ca vng dy. Cng mt dng in th vng dy no c t cm L ln hn s sinh ra t thng ln hn. n v ca h s t cm l Henri (H)
1H = 1.Wb 1.A

Henri l h s t cm ca cun dy, khi c dng 1A chy qua n s to ra t thng mc vng c gi tr bng 1Wb. 6.2. Sc in ng t cm. Nu dng in chy qua cun dy bin thin th t thng sinh ra cng bin thin. Theo nh lut cm ng in t trong vng dy s xut hin mt sut in ng: d d ( L.i) di eL = = = L dt dt dt Ngha l sut in ng t cm cu mt cun dy t l vi h s t cm v tc bin thin dng in nhng tri du. 6.3. H s h cm.

Nu c hai cun dy t gn nhau, khi cun dy 1 c dng in i 1 th ngoi t thng mc vng qua chnh n 1 cn c mt phn t thng mc vng qua cun 2 12. Dng i1 cng ln th 12 cng ln nhng nu v tr gia hai cun dy khng i th t s gia chng khng i. Ta gi t s l h s h cm gia cun 1 vi cun 2.

M12 =

12 i1

Ngc li nu cho dng in i2 vo vng dy 2 s to ra t thng 21 mc vng qua cun dy 1 v ta c h s h cm gia cun 2 vi cun 1:
M 21 = 21 v ta lun i2

c: M12 = M 21 = M v M gi l h s h cm gia hai cun dy.

6.5. ng dng.

Khi ng cun dy v in tr vo ngun mt chiu, dng in trong mch s tng t 0 n gi tr n nh

I= U cng vi vic tng dng in R

th t trng trong li thp cng tng ln. Nh vy cun dy tch lu nng lng di dng t trng. Nng lng ny s c gii phng khi ngt cun dy ra khi ngun v khip kn mch qua in tr. Khi nng lng t trng trong cun dy s c gii phng thnh nhit nng trn in tr. Khi ng mch cun dy vo ngun dng in tng dn lm xut hin sut in ng cm ng:
eL = d d ( L.i) di = = L dt dt dt

p dng nh lt Kirrhoff cho mch ta c: U + e L = I.r hay U = I.r -eL Nng lng tiu th s l:
dW = uidt = i 2 rdt + Lidi

Nng lng ny gm 2 phn tiu hao trn in tr i2rdt v tch lu trong cun dy di dng nng lng t trng khi i=I qu trnh tch lu kt thc, cun dy c nng lng l:
WM = dW = Lidi =
o o I I

LI 2 .I = 2 2

Nh vy nng lng t trng trong cun dy t l vi bnh phng dng in v h s t cm.

6.6. Dng in Foucault v ng

dng. Khi t thng qua khi kim loi bin thin, trong n s xut hin mt sut in ng cm ng. Do khi kim loi l mt vt dn in nn sut in ng ny s to ra dng in chy kn trong mch vt dn. Ta gi l dng in xoy hay dng in Phuc. Dng in xoy chy qun trong khi kim loi s to nhit v gy tn hao. C hai trng hp xy ra: a) Tn hao dng xoy gy ra trong cc mch t ca my in, kh c in lm nng my v tn hao nng lng. Do cn phi hn ch dng in ny. Trong k thut in ngi ta hn ch n bng vic ch to mch t bng cc l thp k thut in mng, c sn cch in v ghp li vi nhau. b) Ngi ta c th s dng dng in xoy to ra cc ngun nhit. V d l cm ng hay l ti cao tn dung trong luyn kim Kt thc vn : - Thuyt trnh - Lng nghe. Nhc li cc kin thc v nhn mnh - Din gii. - Ghi chp. cc im chnh. Hng dn t hc: H thng li kin thc , Hs cn ghi nh v trnh by c cc N, Khi nim, phng php v cc biu thc trong bi.

III. Rt kinh nghim t chc thc hin: .. .. Ngy thng nm Trng Khoa/Trng t mn Gio vin

Thi gian thc hin:30h Tn chng: Dng in xoay chiu hnh sin .. Thc hin t ngy :/../.n ngy:././. Tn bi: Khi nim v dng in xoay chiu hnh sin. Mc tiu ca bi: Sau khi hc xong bi ny ngi hc c kh nng: - Phn bit chnh xc cc c im c bn gia dng in mt chiu v dng in xoay chiu. - Tnh ton cc thng s chu k v tn s ca dng in xoay chiu. Gio n s:11

- Biu din mt i lng hnh sin di dng vector. - Xc nh cc i lng c trng, pha v s lch pha t biu thc ban u. dng v phng tin dy hc: - Bng, phn, bn v, my tnh, my chiu. Hnh thc t chc dy hc: - Tp trung c lp I. n nh lp hc: Thi gian: - im danh lp. - Kim tra bi c. II. Thc hin bi hc: Hot ng dy hc Thi TT Ni dung Hot ng ca Hot ng ca gian gio vin hc sinh Dn nhp: - Lng nghe, 1 Thuyt trnh - Ghi chp Gii thiu ch : - t cu hi, - Phn tch cc cu tr li ca - Lng nghe, 2 hc sinh, - Tr li cu hi - Xc nh kin thc hin ti. 3 Gii quyt vn : - Thuyt trnh - Quan st. 1. Khi nim v dng in xoay chiu. - Minh ha bng - Lng nghe. 1.1 Dng in xoay chiu hnh sin. hnh nh - Tr li cu hi Dong in xoay chiu hinh sin la dong - t cu hi in bin thin mt cach chu ky theo lin quan. quy lut hinh sin i vi th gian, - Gii thch. c biu din bng thi hinh sin thi gian. 1.2. Cc i lng c trng. - Tri s cua dong in, in ap sin mt thi im t goi la tri s tc thi va c vit theo biu thc. i = I max sin(t + i ) u = U max sin(t + u ) - trong : i, u tr s tc thi ca dng in Imax, Umax tr s cc i ca dng in v in p (t + i ), (t + u ) - gc pha ca dng in v in p i , u l pha ban u ca dng in v in p - Hiu s = u i gi l gc lch pha gia in p v dng in - Gc ph thuc vo cc thng s ca mch in > 0 in p vt trc dng in < 0 in p chm sau dng in = 0 in p trng pha dng in - tn s gc ca dng

in hnh sin n v l (rad/s) 2 = 2f =

T

T chu k dao ng ca dn in n v l (s) f tn s dao ng ca dng in hnh sin i vi dng in bin i chu k tnh cc tc dng ta cn tnh tr s trung bnh bnh phng dng in trong mt chu k. V d khi tnh cng sut tc dng P ca dng in qua in tr R, ta phi tnh tr s trung bnh cng sut in tr tiu th trong thi gian l mt chu k T. Cng su tc dng c tnh nh sau
P=
1 T

1 T

Ri 2 dt = R

1 2 i dt = RI 2 T

trong
I =

i 2 dt

Gi tr I c gi l tr s hiu dng ca dng in bin i vi chu k T. N c dng dnh gi hiu qu tc ng ca dng in bin thin chu k. i vi dng in hnh sin i = I max sin t thay vo cng thc trn ta c
I = I max 2

Tng t, ta c tr s hiu dng ca in p, sc in ng : U U = max 2 E max E= 2 1.3. Biu din lng hnh sin bng th vc-t. - Ta c th biu din cc i lng hnh sin bng cch thay th chng bng cc vct trn th. Cc vc t ny c ln t l vi tr s hiu dng ca dng in hay in p, c gc trng vi gc ta (oxy) c chn v hp vi trc ox mt gc bng gc pha ban u ca dng in hoc in p. Bng cch biu din y mi i lng hnh sin c biu din bi mt vc t, ngc li mi vc t biu din mt i lng hnh sin tng ng. - Vi du biu din ai lng hinh

sin sau
i = I max sin(t + i ) = I 2 sin(t + i )

y I
i

- Biu din dng in sin bng vc t s thun tin cho vic so snh hay thc hin cc php tnh cng, tr dng in, in p. Khi thc hin cng hay tr cc i lng sin cng tn s tng ng vi vic cng hay tr cc cc vc t biu din chng. -Sau khi biu din cc i lng hnh sin bng vc t, hai n lut kichp c vit nh sau. nh lut kichp 1: nh lut kichp 2 : U = 0
I =0

- Da vo cch biu din cc i lng v hai nh lut kichp bng vc t, ta c th gii mch in bng th. 4 Kt thc vn : Nhc li cc kin thc v nhn mnh cc im chnh. Hng dn t hc: - Thuyt trnh - Din gii. - Lng nghe. - Ghi chp.

H thng li kin thc , Hs cn ghi nh v trnh by c cc N, Khi nim, phng php v cc biu thc trong bi.

III. Rt kinh nghim t chc thc hin: .. .. Ngy thng nm Trng Khoa/Trng t mn Gio vin

Thi gian thc hin:30h Gio n s:11. Tn chng: Dng in xoay chiu hnh sin .. Thc hin t ngy :/../.n ngy:././. Tn bi: Gii mch in xoay chiu khng phn nhnh. Mc tiu ca bi: Sau khi hc xong bi ny ngi hc c kh nng: - Gii mch xoay chiu thun tr. - Gii mch xoay chiu thun cm . - Gii mch xoay chiu thun dung. dng v phng tin dy hc: - Bng, phn, bn v, my tnh, my chiu. Hnh thc t chc dy hc: - Tp trung c lp I. n nh lp hc: Thi gian: - im danh lp. - Kim tra bi c. II. Thc hin bi hc: Hot ng dy hc Hot T Thi Hot ng Ni dung ng T gian ca gio ca hc vin sinh Dn nhp: - Lng Thuyt nghe, 1 trnh - Ghi chp Gii thiu ch : - t cu hi, - Phn tch cc - Lng cu tr nghe, li ca - Tr 2 hc li sinh, cu - Xc hi nh kin thc hin ti. 3 Gii quyt vn : - Thuyt - Quan 2.Gii mch xoay chiu khng phn nhnh. trnh st. 2.1. Gii mch xoay chiu thun tr,thun cm v thun - Minh - Lng dung. ha nghe. DNG IN HNH SIN TRONG NHNH THUN TR bng - Tr hnh li nh cu - Khi c dng in i = I max sin t qua in tr R in t cu hi p ri trn in tr l : hi lin U R = Ri = RI max sin t = U R max sin t quan. - Gii thch.

U R max = RI max

trong

UR =

U R max 2

= RI

U R = RI

- T rt ra : + Quan h gia tr s hiu dng ca dng v p l :

+ Dng in v in p c cng tn s v trng pha nhau. thi vec t dong in va in ap c biu din nh hinh ve.

- Biu din di dang s phc + Phc dong in I = I0 = I + j 0 + Phc in ap

=U U 0 =U + j 0

+ Phc tng tr
Z = Z 0 = R + j0

Cng sut tc thi ca in tr l : p R (t ) = u R i = U max I max sin 2 t = U R I (1 cos 2t ) Cng sut tc dng :
P= 1 T

p R dt =

1 T

U R I (1 cos 2t ) dt = U R I = RI 2

n v ca cng sut tc dng l W(ot) DNG IN HNH SIN TRONG NHNH THUN CM - Khi c dng in i = I max sin t i qua in cm L in p trn in cm l : dI sin t di u L (t ) = L = L max = LI max cos t = U L max sin(t + ) dt dt 2 trong U L max = LI max = X L I max
UL = U L max 2 = X LI

X L = L gi l cm khng n v l (m)

UL = X LI

- T rt ra : Quan h gia dng v p l Dng in v in p c cng tn s song lch pha nhau mt gc .

2

Dng in chm sau in p mt gc

. thi vec t

dong in va in ap biu din nh hinh ve.

- Biu din di dang s phc + Phc dong in = I0 = I + j 0 I + Phc in ap

= U U 90 0 = 0 + jU

+ Phc tng tr
Z = Z90 = 0 + jX L

- Cng sut tc thi ca in cm : p L (t ) = u L i = U L max I max sin(t + ) sin t = U L I sin 2t

2

- Cng sut tc dng trn in cm : - biu th cng qu trnh trao i nng ngjcuar incm ta a ra khi nim cng sut phn khng : 2 QL = U L I = X L I - n v ca cng sut phn khng l VAr DNG IN HNH SIN TRONG NHNH THUN DUNG - Khi c dng in i = I max sin t qua in dung in p ri trn in dung l :
u C (t ) = 1 C
PL = p L (t ) dt = 0
0 T

idt = C
UC =

I max sin tdt =

trong

U C max =

1 I = X C I max C max

I max cos t = U C max sin(t

U C max 2

= XCI

XC =

-T rt ra kt lun : + Quan h gia tr s hiu dng ca dng in v in p l :

UC = XC I

1 gi l dung khng c n v l (m) C

+ Dng in v in p c cng tn s song lch pha nhau mt gc . Dng in vt ln trc in p mt gc

. thi vec t biu din quan h dong in va

in

ap c biu din nh hinh sau.

- Biu din di dang s phc + Phc dong in = I0 = I + j 0 I + Phc in ap

= U 90 0 = 0 jU U

+ Phc tng tr
Z = Z 90 = 0 jX c

+ Cng sut tc thi ca in dung : pC (t ) = u C i = U C max I max sin(t ) sin t = U C I sin 2t

2

+ Cng sut tc dng : + biu th cho cng qu trnh chao it nng lng ca in dung, ta a ra khi nim cng sut phn khng QC ca in dung.
QC = U C I = X C I 2
PC = p C (t ) dt = 0
0 T

n v o cng sut phn khng l VAr Kt thc vn : Nhc li cc kin thc v nhn mnh cc im chnh. 4 - Lng ngh e. - Ghi ch p. H thng li kin thc , Hs cn ghi nh v trnh by c cc N, Khi nim, phng php v cc biu thc trong bi. - Thuyt trnh - Din gii.

Hng dn t hc: 5

III. Rt kinh nghim t chc thc hin: .. .. Ngy thng nm Trng Khoa/Trng t mn Gio vin

Thi gian thc hin:30h Tn chng: Dng in xoay chiu hnh sin .. Thc hin t ngy :/../.n ngy:././. Tn bi: Gio mch R-L-C mc ni tip. Mc tiu ca bi: Sau khi hc xong bi ny ngi hc c kh nng: - Gii mch xoay chiu c R-L-C mc ni tip. - Tnh c cng sut v h s cng sut trong mch xoay chiu. - Trnh by c cc iu kin sinh ra cng hng in p. dng v phng tin dy hc: - Bng, phn, bn v, my tnh, my chiu. Hnh thc t chc dy hc: - Tp trung c lp I. n nh lp hc: Thi gian: - im danh lp. - Kim tra bi c. II. Thc hin bi hc: Hot ng dy hc Hot ng Hot ng Thi TT Ni dung gian ca gio ca hc vin sinh Dn nhp: - Lng nghe, 1 Thuyt trnh - Ghi chp Gii thiu ch : - t cu hi, - Phn tch cc - Lng cu tr nghe, 2 li ca - Tr li hc sinh, cu hi - Xc nh kin thc hin ti. 3 Gii quyt vn :. - Thuyt - Quan 2.2. Gii mch xoay chiu c R-L-C mc ni tip. trnh st. i = I sin t Minh ha Lng Khi c dng in i qua mch max bng hnh nghe. in. in p ri trn cun cm, t in v in nh Tr li tr l: - t cu cu hi hi lin 2 2 Tng tr ca nhnh l: Z = R + ( X L X C ) quan. - Gii thch. Gio n s:12. Quan h gia tr s hiu dng ca dng in v in p l: U = Z.I hoc
I =

U Z

Dng in v in p c cng tn s v lch pha nhau mt goc . th vc t dng in v in

nh hnh v.

X L XC ; R R Cos = Z - Biu din di dang s phc + Phc dong in = I0 = I + j 0 I tg = + Phc in ap = U = U cos + jU sin U + Phc tng tr Z = Z = R + j ( X L X C ) 2.3. Cng sut v h s cng sut trong mch xoay chiu. - Cng sut : + Cng sut tac dung P = R.I 2 (W); + Cng sut phan khang Q = ( X L X C ).I 2 ( Var) + Cng sut toan phn S = P2 + Q2 (VA)

- Gc lch pha:

= S S = S cos + jS sin = P + jQ

- Biu din cng sut mach R-L-C bng s phc

Cng sut tc dng P

Cng sut tc dng P l cng sut trung bnh trong mt chu k :

P= 1 T

1 T

p (t ) dt =

1 T

uidt

Thay gi tr ca u,i vo ta c
P=

U 2 sin t.I 2 sin(t ) = UI cos

Cng sut tc dng P c th tnh bng tng cng sut tc dng trn cc in tr ca cc nhnh mch in
2 P = Rn I n

trong : hiu dng ca nhnh

Rn , I n - in tr v dng in

Cng sut phn khng Q

c chng cho cng qu trnh trao i nng lng in t trng, trong tnh ton ngi ta a ra khi nim cng sut phn khng Q.
Q = UI sin

Cng sut phn khng c th tnh bng tng cng sut phn khng trn in cm v in dung ca t in.

Cng sut biu kin

2 2 Q = Q L + QC = X Ln I n X Cn I n

Ngoi cng sut tc dng P v cng sut phn khng Q ra ngi ta cn a ra khi nim cng sut toan phn c nh ngha l :
S = UI = P 2 +Q 2

o cng sut P
o cng sut tc dng P ngi ta thng dng ot k kiu in ng. V cu to gm hai cun dy. Cun phn tnh c tit din ln mc ni tip vi ph ti cn gi l cun dng in. Cun phn ng c tit din nh s cng nhiu mc song song vi mch cn o cn gi l cun in p. Dng in qua cun in p l :
iV = u Rv

M men quay ca dng c t l vi tch s ca hai dng i v iv.

M = kiiv = k ui = k 'P Rv

Mmen quay t l vi cng sut tiu th ca ti, dng c o cng sut tc dng . Khi s dng ot k cn ch ni cc cc cng tnh ca cun dy nu ot k ch ngc cn i li cc tnh ca cun dng in hoc cun in p. H S CNG SUT Trong biu thc cng sut tc dng P =UI cos , cos gi l h s cng sut. h s cng sut cos l ch tiu k thut quan trng c ngha rt ln v kinh t. Nng cao cos s tng kh nng s dng ca ngun . Nng cao cos s gm tit din dy dn, gim tn hao trn ng dy

Trong sinh hot v trong cng nghip ti thng c tnh cht in cm nn cos thp nng cao cos ta dung t in ni song song vi ti. 2.4. Cng hng in p. Vit biu thc v gii thch . Zl=Zc Kt thc vn : Nhc li cc kin thc v nhn mnh cc im chnh. Hng dn t hc: 5 - Lng nghe. - Ghi chp. H thng li kin thc , Hs cn ghi nh v trnh by c cc N, Khi nim, phng php v cc biu thc trong bi. - Thuyt trnh - Din gii.

III. Rt kinh nghim t chc thc hin: .. .. Ngy thng nm Trng Khoa/Trng t mn Gio vin

Thi gian thc hin:30h Tn chng: Dng in xoay chiu hnh sin .. Thc hin t ngy :/../.n ngy:././. Tn bi: Mch xoay chiu ba pha cn bng v s u dy. Mc tiu ca bi: Sau khi hc xong bi ny ngi hc c kh nng: - Trnh by c nh ngha h thng 3 pha cn bng. - V c s nguyn l h thng 3 pha cn bng - V c cc s u dy c bn trong mch xoay chiu 3 pha. dng v phng tin dy hc: - Bng, phn, bn v, my tnh, my chiu. Hnh thc t chc dy hc: - Tp trung c lp I. n nh lp hc: Thi gian: - im danh lp. - Kim tra bi c. II. Thc hin bi hc: Hot ng dy hc Thi TT Ni dung Hot ng ca Hot ng ca gian gio vin hc sinh Dn nhp: - Lng nghe, 1 Thuyt trnh - Ghi chp Gio n s:13

Gii thiu ch : 2

Gii quyt vn : 3. Mch xoay chiu 3 pha. 3.1. H thng 3 pha cn bng. Ngun in gm ba s hnh sin cng bin , cng tn s , lch pha nhau 2/3 ngun ba pha i xng hay cn bng.

- t cu hi, - Phn tch cc cu tr li ca hc sinh, - Xc nh kin thc hin ti. - Thuyt trnh - Minh ha bng hnh nh - t cu hi lin quan. - Gii thch.

- Lng nghe, - Tr li cu hi - Quan st. - Lng nghe. - Tr li cu hi

3.2. S u dy trong mch xoay chiu 3 pha.

Nu cc dy qun AX ; BY ; CZ ca ngun in ba pha ni ring r vi cc ti ctng tr Nu cc dy qun AX ; BY ; CZ ca ngun in ba pha ni ring r vi cc ti c tng tr ZA ; ZB ; ZC , ta c h ba pha gm ba mch mt pha khng lin h nhau . Mi mch in gi l mt pha ca mch in ba pha . S , in p , dng in mi pha ca ngun (ti) gi l s pha k hiu EP ; in p pha k hiu UP ; dng in pha k hiu

IP . Nu tng tr phc ti bng nhau ( A Z = B Z = C Z ) th ta c ti ba pha i xng . Mch in ba pha gm ngun , ti v ng dy i xng gi l mch in ba pha ixng . Nu khng tha iu kin , ta c mch ba pha khng i xng Mch ba pha khng lin h , thc t t dng , v cn ti 6 dy dn khng kinh t . Thng thng , ba pha ca ngun c ni vi nhau , ba pha ca ti cng c ni vinhau , v c ng dy ba pha ni lin gia ngun vi ti , dn in nng t ngun nti . Dng in chy trn ng dy pha t ngun n ti gi l dng in dy k hiu Id, in p gia cc ng dy pha y l in p dy k hiu Ud . C 2 cch ni ba pha ca ngun cng nh ba pha ca ti l : ni hnh sao (Y) v ni hnh tam gic (D) 4 Kt thc vn : Nhc li cc kin thc v nhn mnh cc im chnh. Hng dn t hc: - Thuyt trnh - Din gii. - Lng nghe. - Ghi chp.

H thng li kin thc , Hs cn ghi nh v trnh by c cc N, Khi nim, phng php v cc biu thc trong bi.

III. Rt kinh nghim t chc thc hin: .. .. Ngy thng nm Trng Khoa/Trng t mn Gio vin

Thi gian thc hin:30h Tn chng: Dng in xoay chiu hnh sin .. Thc hin t ngy :/../.n ngy:././. Tn bi: Cng sut mch ba pha v phng php gii mch ba pha cn bng. Mc tiu ca bi: Sau khi hc xong bi ny ngi hc c kh nng: - Vn dng cc phng php c bn tnh cng sut mch 3 pha. - La chn v vn dng cc phng php ph hp cho vic gii mch 3 pha cn bng. dng v phng tin dy hc: Gio n s:14.

- Bng, phn, bn v, my tnh, my chiu. Hnh thc t chc dy hc: - Tp trung c lp I. n nh lp hc: - im danh lp. - Kim tra bi c. II. Thc hin bi hc: TT Dn nhp: 1 Gii thiu ch : 2 Ni dung

Thi gian:

Gii quyt vn : 3.3. Cng sut mch 3 pha. Cng sut tc dng P ca mch ba pha bng tng cng sut tc dng ca cc pha . Gi PA , PB v PC ln lt l cng sut tc dng ca pha A , pha B v pha C , ta c : Khi mch ba pha i xng : in p pha : UA = UB = UC = UP Dng in pha : IA = IB = IC = IP Gc lch pha gia dng in pha vi in p pha tng ng :

Hot ng dy hc Hot Hot ng ca ng ca gio vin hc sinh - Lng nghe, Thuyt trnh - Ghi chp - t cu hi, - Phn tch cc - Lng cu tr li ca nghe, hc sinh, - Tr li - Xc nh kin cu hi thc hin ti. - Thuyt trnh - Quan - Minh ha bng st. hnh nh - Lng - t cu hi nghe. lin quan. - Tr li - Gii thch. cu hi

Thi gian

Do : Trong RP l in tr pha . Thay i lng pha bng i lng dy : - i vi cch ni sao :

i vi cch ni tam gic :

Ta tnh c cng sut tc dng ba pha theo i lng dy , p dng chung cho c trng hp u sao v u tam gic : P = 3 .Ud.Id.cosj

3.4. Phng php gii mch 3 pha cn bng. i vi mch ba pha i xng , dng v p cc pha c tr s bng nhau v lch pha nhau mt gc 2/3. V vy , khi gii mch i xng , ta tch ra mt pha tnh - Cch ni sao:

Cc dy t ngun n ti AA , BB , CC gi l dy pha . Dy OO gi l dy trung tnh . Mch in c dy trung tnh gi l mch in ba pha 4 dy , mch in khng c dy trung tnh gi l mch in ba pha 3 dy . i vi mch i xng , ta lun lun c : V th dy trung tnh khng c tc dng , c th b dy trung tnh . in th im trung tnh ca ti i xng lun lun trng vi in th im trung tnh ca ngun . Gi EP = EA = EB = EC l s cc pha ca ngun ; Ud = UAB = UBC = UCA l in p dy v UP = UA = UB = UC l in p pha ca mch in ba pha , ta c : * in p pha pha u ngun l : UP = EP * in p dy pha u ngun la

- Cch ni tam gic:

in p pha pha u ngun l : UAB = UBC = UCA = UP = EP , cng chnh l in p dy pha u ngun , do : Ud = UP = EP

in p t vo mi pha ca ti l

vi Ud l in p dy ca mchin ba pha . Tng tr mi pha ca ti l : vi RP v XP l in trv in khng mi pha ca ti . Dng in qua mi pha ca ti l

Gc lch pha gia in p phav dng in pha l

V ti u sao nn dng in dychnh l dng in pha : Id = IP th vect nh hnh trn . b) C xt tng tr ng dy pha

Cch tnh ton cng tng t , nhng phi gp tng

tr ng dy vi tng tr pha ti tnh dng in pha v dng in dy :

Trong Rd , Xd l in tr , in khng ng dy . - Gii mch in ba pha ti u tam gic i xng a) B qua tng tr ng dy

in p pha ti bng in p dy : UP = Ud Dng in pha ti :

Gc lch pha gia in p pha v dng in pha tng ng :

Dng in dy b) C xt tng tr ng dy Tng tr mi pha ca ti khi u tam gic :

Bin i sang hnh sao

Tng tr tng ng ca mi pha : T , ta tnh c dng in dy

Dng in qua mi pha ca ti u tam gic

Kt thc vn : Nhc li cc kin thc v nhn mnh cc im chnh. 4 Hng dn t hc: 5

- Lng nghe - Thuyt trnh . - Din gii. - Ghi chp. H thng li kin thc , Hs cn ghi nh v trnh by c cc N, Khi nim, phng php v cc biu thc trong bi.

III. Rt kinh nghim t chc thc hin: .. .. Ngy thng nm Trng Khoa/Trng t mn Gio vin