MT S CNG THC GII NHANH BI TI TRC NGHIM HA HC Vic nm vng cc cng thc ny s gip gii nhanh cc bi ton .

Nu gii theo cch thng thng th mt rt nhiu thi gian.Vy hy hc thuc nh. 1. Cng thc tnh s ng phn ancol n chc no, mch h : Cn H2n+2O2 S ng phn Cn H2n+2O2 = 2n- 2( 1 < n < 6 ) V d : S ng phn ca ancol c cng thc phn t l : a. C3H8O = 23-2 = 2 b. C4H10O = 24-2 = 4 c. C5H12O = 25-2 = 8 2. Cng thc tnh s ng phn anehit n chc no, mch h : Cn H2nO S ng phn Cn H2nO = 2n- 3 ( 2 < n < 7 ) V d : S ng phn ca anehit n chc no, mch h c cng thc phn t l : a. C4H8O = 24-3 = 2 b. C5H10O = 25-3 = 4 c. C6H12O = 26-3 = 8 3. Cng thc tnh s ng phn axit cacboxylic n chc no, mch h : Cn H2nO2 S ng phn Cn H2nO2 = 2n- 3 ( 2 < n < 7 ) V d : S ng phn ca axit cacboxylic n chc no, mch h c cng thc phn t l : a. C4H8O2 = 24-3 = b. C5H10O2 = 25-3 = 4 c. C6H12O2 = 26-3 = 8 4. Cng thc tnh s ng phn este n chc no, mch h : Cn H2nO2 S ng phn Cn H2nO2 = 2n- 2 ( 1 < n < 5 ) V d : S ng phn ca este n chc no, mch h c cng thc phn t l : a. C2H4O2 = 22-2 = 1 b. C3H6O2 = 23-2 = 2 c. C4H8O2 = 24-2 = 4 5. Cng thc tnh s ng phn ete n chc no, mch h : Cn H2n+2O S ng phn Cn H2n+2O =2(n 1).(n 2) ( 2 < n < 5 ) V d : S ng phn ca ete n chc no, mch h c cng thc phn t l : a. C3H8O =2(31).(3 2)= 1 b. C4H10O =2(4 1).(4 2)= 3 c. C5H12O =2(51).(5 2)= 6 6. Cng thc tnh s ng phn xeton n chc no, mch h : Cn H2nO S ng phn Cn H2nO =2(n 2).(n 3) ( 3 < n < 7 ) V d : S ng phn ca xeton n chc no, mch h c cng thc phn t l : a. C4H8O =2(4 2).(4 3)= 1 b. C5H10O =2(5 2).(5 3)= 3 c. C6H12O =2(6 2).(6 3)= 6 7. Cng thc tnh s ng phn amin n chc no, mch h : Cn H2n+3N S ng phn Cn H2n+3N = 2n-1( n < 5 ) V d : S ng phn ca anin n chc no, mch h c cng thc phn t l : a. C2H7N = 22-1= 1 b. C3H9N = 23-1= 3 c. C4H12N = 24-1= 6 8. Cng thc tnh s trieste ( triglixerit ) to bi glixerol v hn hp n axt bo :
2 S tri este = n (n + 1) 2

V d : un nng hn hp gm glixerol vi 2 axit bo l axit panmitic v axit stearic ( xc tcH2SO4 c) th thu c bao nhiu trieste ?S triesste=6

9. Cng thc tnh s ng phn ete to bi hn hp n ancol n chc : S ete =n (n +1) 2 10. Cng thc tnh s C ca ancol no, ete no hoc ca ankan da vo phn ng chy : S C ca ancol no hoc ankan = nco2 nh2o nco2 ( Vi nH 2 O > n CO 2) 11. Cng thc tnh khi lng ancol n chc no hoc hn hp ankan n chc no theo khilng CO2 v khi lng H2O :mancol = mH 2 O - mco2 11 12. Cng thc tnh s i, tri, tetra..n peptit ti a to bi hn hp gm x amino axit khcnhau :
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S n peptitmax = xn V d : C ti a bao nhiu ipeptit, tripeptit thu c t hn hp gm 2 amino axit l glyxin valanin ? S ipeptit = 22 = 4S tripeptit = 23 = 8 13. Cng thc tnh khi lng amino axit A( cha n nhm -NH2 v m nhm COOH ) khi choamino axit ny vo dung dch cha a mol HCl, sau cho dung dch sau phn ng tc dng va vi b mol NaOH. mA = MA
.

b a

14. Cng thc tnh khi lng amino axit A( cha n nhm -NH2 v m nhm COOH ) khi choamino axit ny vo dung dch cha a mol NaOH, sau cho dung dch sau phn ng tc dng va vi b mol HCl. mA = MA (b a) n 15. Cng thc xc nh cng thc phn t ca mt anken da vo phn t khi ca hn hpanken v H2 trc v sau khi dn qua bt Ni nung nng. Anken ( M1) + H2 Ni t cA (M2) ( phn ng hiro ha anken hon ton ) S n ca anken (CnH2n ) =
( M 2 2) M 1 14( M 2 M 1)

16. Cng thc xc nh cng thc phn t ca mt ankin da vo phn t khi ca hn hp ankin v H2 trc v sau khi dn qua bt Ni nung nng. Ankin ( M1) + H2 Ni t c A (M2) ( phn ng hiro ha ankin hon ton ) S n ca ankin (CnH2n-2 ) =
2( M 2 2) M 1 14( M 2 M 1)

17.Cng thc tnh hiu sut phn ng hiro ha anken. H% =(2- 2) . Mx My 18.Cng thc tnh hiu sut phn ng hiro ha anehit no n chc.

H% =(2- 2) . Mx My 19.Cng thc tnh % ankan A tham gia phn ng tch. %A = Ma Mx -1 20.Cng thc xc nh phn t ankan A da vo phn ng tch. MA = Vhhx Va
.Mx

21.Cng thc tnh khi lng mui clorua khi cho kim loi tc dng vi dung dch HCl giiphng kh H2mMui clorua = mKL + 71. nH2 22.Cng thc tnh khi lng mui sunfat khi cho kim loi tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4long gii phng kh H2mMui sunfat = mKL + 96. nH2 23.Cng thc tnh khi lng mui sunphat khi cho kim loi tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 cto sn phm kh SO2 , S, H2S v H2O mMui sunft = mKL +

96 ( 2nSO 2+ 6 nS + 8nH 2 S ) = mKL +96.( nSO 2+ 3 nS + 4nH 2 S ) 2

* Lu : Sn phm kh no khng c th b qua * n H 2 SO 4= 2nSO 2+ 4 nS + 5nH 2 S 24.Cng thc tnh khi lng mui nitrat khi cho kim loi tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 gii phng kh : NO2 ,NO,N2O, N2 ,NH4NO3 mMui Nitrat = mKL + 62( n NO 2 + 3nNO + 8nN 2 O +10n N 2 +8n NH 4 NO 3) * Lu : Sn phm kh no khng c th b qua * n HNO3= 2nNO 2+ 4 nNO + 10nN 2 O +12nN 2 + 10nNH 4 NO3 25.Cng thc tnh khi lng mui clorua khi cho mui cacbonat tc dng vi dung dch HClgii phng kh CO2 v H2O mMui clorua = mMui cacbonat + 11. n CO 2 26.Cng thc tnh khi lng mui sunfat khi cho mui cacbonat tc dng vi dung dchH2SO4 long gii phng kh CO2 v H2O mMui sunfat = mMui cacbonat + 36. n CO 2 27.Cng thc tnh khi lng mui clorua khi cho mui sunfit tc dng vi dung dch HClgii phng kh SO2 v H2O mMui clorua = mMui sunfit - 9. n SO 2 28.Cng thc tnh khi lng mui sunfat khi cho mui sunfit tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4long gii phng kh CO2 v H2O mMui sunfat = mMui cacbonat + 16. n SO 2 29.Cng thc tnh s mol oxi khi cho oxit tc dng vi dung dch axit to mui v H2O nO (Oxit) = nO ( H 2 O) = 2 nH(axit) 30.Cng thc tnh khi lng mui sunfat khi cho oxit kim loi tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4long to mui sunfat v H2O
1

Oxit + dd H2SO4 long Mui sunfat + H2O mMui sunfat = mOxit + 80 n H 2 SO 4 31.Cng thc tnh khi lng mui clorua khi cho oxit kim loi tc dng vi dung dch HClto mui clorua v H2O Oxit + dd HCl Mui clorua + H2O mMui clorua = mOxit + 55 n H2 O = mOxit + 27,5 n HCl 32.Cng thc tnh khi lng kim loi khi cho oxit kim loi tc dng vi cc cht kh nh :CO, H2 , Al, C mKL = moxit mO ( Oxit) nO (Oxit) = nCO = n H 2= n CO 2 = n H 2 O 33.Cng thc tnh s mol kim loi khi cho kim loi tc dng vi H2O, axit, dung dch bazkim, dung dch NH3 gii phng hiro. nK L= a nH2 vi a l ha tr ca kim loi V d: Cho kim loi kim tc dng vi H2O: 2M + 2H2O 2MOH + H2 nK L= 2nH 2 = nOH 34.Cng thc tnh lng kt ta xut hin khi hp th ht mt lng CO2 vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2 . nkt ta = nOH - nCO 2 ( vi nkt ta nCO 2 hoc cho dd baz phn ng ht ) 35.Cng thc tnh lng kt ta xut hin khi hp th ht mt lng CO2 vo dung dchcha hn hp gm NaOH, Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2 . Tnh nCO3 2= nOH - nCO 2 ri so snh nCa2+hoc nBa2+ xem cht no phn ng ht suy ra n kt ta ( iu kin nCO3 2 nCO2)
nkettua

V d 1 : Hp th ht 6,72 lt CO2 ( ktc) vo 300 ml dung dch hn hp gm NaOH 0,1 M v Ba(OH)2 0,6 M. Tnh khi lng kt ta thu c .

nCO 2= 0,3 molnNaOH = 0,03 moln Ba(OH)2= 0,18 mol=> nOH = 0,39 molnCO23 - nCO 2 = 0,390,3 = 0,09 molM nBa2+= 0,18 mol nn nkt ta = nCO23= 0,09 molmkt ta = 0,09 . 197 = 17,73gam 36.Cng thc tnh th tch CO2 cn hp th ht vo mt dung dch Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2 thu c mt lng kt ta theo yu cu .Ta c hai kt qu : - n CO2= nkt ta - n CO 2= nOH - nkt ta 37.Cng thc tnh th tch dung dch NaOH cn cho vo dung dch Al3+ xut hin mtlng kt ta theo yu cu .Ta c hai kt qu : - n OH= 3.nkt ta- n OH= 4. nAl3+ - nkt ta 38.Cng thc tnh th tch dung dch NaOH cn cho vo hn hp dung dch Al3+ v H+ xut hin mt lng kt ta theo yu cu . Ta c hai kt qu : - n OH( min ) = 3.nkt ta + nH+- n OH( max ) = 4. nAl3+ - nkt ta+ nH+

V d : Cn cho bao nhiu lt dung dch NaOH 1M ln nht vo dung dch cha ng thi 0,6 molAlCl3 v 0,2 mol HCl c 39 gam kt ta . Gii n OH( max ) = 4. nAl3+ - nkt ta+ nH+= 4. 0,6 - 0,5 + 0,2 =2,1 mol => V = 2,1 lt 39.Cng thc tnh th tch dung dch HCl cn cho vo dung dch NaAlO2 hoc Na [ ] 4 Al(OH) xut hin mt lng kt ta theo yu cu . Ta c hai kt qu :- nH+= nkt ta- nH+= 4. nAlO2- 3. nkt ta V d : Cn cho bao nhiu lt dung dch HCl 1M vo dung dch cha 0,7 mol NaAlO2 hoc Na[ ] 4 Al(OH) thu c 39 gam kt ta . GiiTa c hai kt qu :nH+= nkt ta = 0,5 mol => V = 0,5 ltnH+= 4. nAlO2- 3. nkt ta = 4.0,7 3.0,5 = 1,3 mol => V = 1,3 lt 40.Cng thc tnh th tch dung dch HCl cn cho vo hn hp dung dch NaOH v NaAlO2hoc Na [ ] 4 Al(OH) xut hin mt lng kt ta theo yu cu . Ta c hai kt qu :nH+= nkt ta + n OHnH+= 4. nAlO2- 3. nkt ta + n OH V d : Cn cho bao nhiu lt dung dch HCl 1M cc i vo dung dch cha ng thi 0,1 molNaOH v 0,3 mol NaAlO2 hoc Na [ ] 4 Al(OH) thu c 15,6 gam kt ta . GiiTa c hai kt qu :nH+(max) = 4. nAlO2- 3. nkt ta + n OH = 4.0,3 3.0,2 + 01 = 0,7 mol => V = 0,7 lt 41.Cng thc tnh th tch dung dch NaOH cn cho vo hn hp dung dch Zn 2+ xuthin mt lng kt ta theo yu cu . Ta c hai kt qu :n OH( min ) = 2.nkt tan OH( max ) = 4. nZn2+ - 2.nkt ta V d : Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH 1M cn cho vo 200 ml dung dch ZnCl2 2M c 29,7gam kt ta . Gii Ta c nZn2+= 0,4 molnkt ta= 0,3 molp dng CT 41 . n OH( min ) = 2.nkt ta = 2.0,3= 0,6 =>V ddNaOH = 0,6 ltn OH( max ) = 4. nZn2+ - 2.nkt ta = 4.0,4 2.0,3 = 1 mol =>V ddNaOH = 1lt 42.Cng thc tnh khi lng mui thu c khi cho hn hp st v cc oxt st tc dng viHNO3 long d gii phng kh NO.mMui =
242 80

( mhn hp + 24 nNO )

V d : Ha tan ht 11,36 gam cht rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 trong dung dch HNO3 long d thu c m gam mui v 1,344 lt kh NO ( ktc ) l sn phm kh duy nht . Tm m GiimMui =80 242( mhn hp + 24 nNO ) =80242( 11,36 + 24 .0,06 ) = 38,72 gam 43.Cng thc tnh khi lng mui thu c khi ha tan ht hn hp st v cc oxt st bngHNO3 c nng, d gii phng kh NO2 . mMui =
242 80

( mhn hp + 8 nNO 2)

V d : Ha tan ht 6 gam cht rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 trong HNO3 c nng, d thuc 3,36 lt kh NO2 (ktc ). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c bao nhiu gammui khan. mMui =80 242( mhn hp + 8 nNO 2) =80242( 6 + 8 .0,15 ) = 21,78 gam 44.Cng thc tnh khi lng mui thu c khi ha tan ht hn hp st v cc oxt st bngHNO3 d gii phng kh NO v NO2 . mMui =
242 80

( mhn hp + 24. nNO + 8. nNO 2)

V d : Ha tan ht 7 gam cht rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 trong HNO3 d thu c 1,792lt (ktc ) kh X gm NO v NO2 v m gam mui . Bit dX/H 2= 19. Tnh m ? Ta c : nNO = nNO 2= 0,04 molmMui =80 242( mhn hp + 24 nNO + 8 nNO 2) =80 242( 7+ 24.0,04 + 8.0,04 )= 25,047 gam 45.Cng thc tnh khi lng mui thu c khi ha tan ht hn hp Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4bng H2SO4 c, nng, d gii phng kh SO2 . mMui = 160 ( mhn hp + 16.nSO 2) V d : Ha tan ht 30 gam cht rn X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 bng H2SO4 c nng, d thuc 11,2 lt kh SO2 (ktc ). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c bao nhiu gam muikhan. Gii mMui =160400( mhn hp + 16.nSO 2) =160400(30 + 16.0,5 ) = 95 gam 46.Cng thc tnh khi lng st dng ban u, bit oxi ha lng st ny bng oxi chn hp rn X . Ha tan ht X vi HNO3 long d gii phng kh NO. mFe = 80 ( mhn hp + 24 nNO ) V d : t m gam st trong oxi thu c 3 gam cht rn X . Ha tan ht X vi HNO3 long dgii phng 0,56 lt kh NO ( ktc) . Tm m ?Gii mFe =8056( mhn hp + 24 nNO ) =8056( 3 + 0,025 ) = 2,52 gam 47.Cng thc tnh khi lng st dng ban u, bit oxi ha lng st ny bng oxi chn hp rn X . Ha tan ht X vi HNO3 c , nng ,d gii phng kh NO2. mFe = 80 ( mhn hp + 8 nNO 2) V d : t m gam st trong oxi thu c 10 gam hn hp cht rn X . Ha tan ht X vi HNO3c nng, d gii phng 10,08 lt kh NO2 ( ktc) . Tm m ?Gii mFe =80 56( mhn hp + 24 nNO 2) =80 56( 10 + 8. 0,45 ) = 9,52 gam 48.Cng thc tnh pH ca dung dch axit yu HA. pH = - 2 (logKa + logCa ) hoc pH = - log (.Ca ) vi : l in li Ka : hng s phn li ca axit Ca : nng mol/l ca axit ( Ca 0,01 M ) V d 1: Tnh pH ca dung dch CH3COOH 0,1 M 250C . Bit KCH 3 COOH = 1,8. 10-5
1 56 56 400

GiipH = -2 1logKa + logCa ) = -2 1(log1,8. 10-5 + log0,1 ) = 2,87 V d 2: Tnh pH ca dung dch HCOOH 0,46 % ( D = 1 g/ml ). Cho in li ca HCOOH trongdung dch l = 2 %Gii Ta c : CM =M10.D.C%=46 10.1.0,46= 0,1 MpH = - log (.Ca ) = - log (100 2.0,1 ) = 2,7 49.Cng thc tnh pH ca dung dch baz yu BOH. pH = 14 + 2 (logKb + logCb ) vi Kb : hng s phn li ca baz Ca : nng mol/l ca baz 50. Cng thc tnh pH ca dung dch axit yu HA v mui NaA pH = - (logKa + log Cm ) V d : Tnh pH ca dung dch CH3COOH 0,1 M v CH3COONa 0,1 M 250C. Bit KCH 3 COOH = 1,75. 10-5 , b qua s in li ca H2O. pH = - (logKa + log Cm ) = - (log1,75. 10-5 + log0,1 0,1) = 4,74 51. Cng thc tnh hiu sut phn ng tng hp NH3 H% = 2 - 2 Mx My
52.Khi lng tinh bt ln men ru etylic l:mglu= phn: n muoiCu2+=
mdd 80

Ca

Ca

D V 45 H 23

53.Khi in phn (CuSO4;Cu(No3)2, cho gim khi lng dung dich,th tnh c s mol mui b in
1 nCu2+ 2

54.in phn:ne=4nO2=2nx= 55. s mol ca

H + axit = OH H 2O = H + H 2O = 2nH 2
vi np=
1 n axit =nCaCO3 2

56.cho m axit hu c X mavhj h n chc tc dng vi CaCO3 M mui =m axit +38.np 57.anehit b OXH ngoi khng kh ta axit maxit=manehit+16np 58.amin don cha axit don cha (aminoaxit)tc dng NAOH ,HCl -(HCl) mmui=maa +36,5.np -(NAOH) mmui = maa + 22.np (np=naa=n mui = nNAOH nHCl;)