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Chuyn ANCOL A. L THUYT I. ANCOL

AN EHIT AXIT CCBOXYLIC

1. nh ngha - Phn loi a. nh ngha - Ancol l nhng hp cht hu c trong phn t c nhm OH lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t C no. V d: C2H5OH - Bc ancol l bc ca nguyn t C lin kt trc tip vi nhm OH. Th d CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2OH: ancol bc I CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-OH: ancol bc II CH3-C(CH3)2-OH: ancol bc III b. Phn loi - Ancol no, n chc, mch h (CnH2n+1OH): V d: CH3OH . . . - Ancol khng no, n chc mch h: CH2=CH-CH2OH - Ancol thm n chc: C6H5CH2OH - Ancol vng no, n chc:
-OH

xiclohexanol

- Ancol a chc: CH2OH-CH2OH (etilen glicol), CH2OH-CHOH-CH2OH (glixerol) 2. ng phn - Danh php a. ng phn: Ch c ng phn cu to (gm ng phn mch C v ng phn v tr nhm OH). - Th d C4H10O c 4 ng phn ancol CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2OH; CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2OH CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-OH; CH3-C(CH3)2-OH b. Danh php: - Danh php thng: Ancol + tn gc ankyl + ic + V d: C2H5OH (ancol etylic) - Danh php thay th: Tn hidrocacbon tng ng vi mch chnh + s ch v tr nhm OH + ol + V d: C H3 C H(CH3 ) C H 2 C H 2 OH (3-metylbutan-1-ol) 3. Tnh cht vt l - Tan nhiu trong nc do to c lin kt H vi nc. tan trong nc gim dn khi s nguyn t C tng ln. 4. Tnh cht ha hc a. Phn ng th H ca nhm OH * Tnh cht cung ca ancol 2C2H5OH + 2Na 2C2H5ONa + H2 * Tnh cht c trng ca ancol a chc c hai nhm OH lin k - Ha tan c Cu(OH)2 iu kin thng to thnh dung dch mu xanh lam. Phn ng ny dng nhn bit ancol a chc c hai nhm OH lin k. 2C3H5(OH)3 + Cu(OH)2 [C3H5(OH)2O]2Cu + 2H2O b. Phn ng th nhm OH * Phn ng vi axit v c t0 C2H5 - OH + H - Br C2H5Br + H2O * Phn ng vi ancol H 2SO 4 , 1400 C 2C2H5OH C2H5OC2H5 + H 2O ietyl ete H 2SO 4 , 1400 C - PTTQ: 2ROH R-O-R + H2O c. Phn ng tch nc H 2SO4 , 1700 C C2H5OH C2H4 + H2O
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H 2SO 4 , 170 C - PTTQ: CnH2n+1OH CnH2n + H2O d. Phn ng oxi ha: - Oxi ha khng hon ton: + Ancol bc 1 khi b oxi ha bi CuO/to cho ra sn phm l andehit t0 RCH2OH + CuO RCHO + Cu + H2O + Ancol bc hai khi b oxi ha bi CuO/to cho ra sn phm l xeton. t0 R-CH(OH)-R + CuO R-CO-R + Cu + H2O + Ancol bc III kh b oxi ha. - Oxi ha hon ton: 3n t0 CnH2n+1OH + O2 (n+1)H2O nCO2 + 2 5. iu ch: a. Phng php tng hp: H 2SO 4 , t 0 - iu ch t anken tng ng: CnH2n + H2O CnH2n+1OH - iu ch Glixerol i t anken tng ng l CH2=CH-CH3. b. Phng php sinh ha: iu ch C2H5OH t tinh bt. +H 2 O C6H12O6 (C6H10O5)n t 0 , xt
0

C6H12O6 II. PHENOL

enzim

2C2H5OH

+ 2CO2

1. nh ngha - Phn loi - Danh php a. nh ngha: Phenol l nhng hp cht hu c trong phn t c nhm -OH lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t C vng benzen. - V d: C6H5OH (phenol) . . . b. Phn loi: - Phenol n chc: Phn t c mt nhm -OH phenol. - Phenol a chc: Phn t cha hai hay nhiu nhm -OH phenol. c. Danh php: S ch v tr nhm th + phenol 2. Tnh cht ha hc: a. Phn ng th nguyn t H ca nhm OH - Tc dng vi kim loi kim 2C6H5OH + 2Na 2C6H5ONa + H2 - Tc dng vi dung dch baz C6H5OH + NaOH C6H5ONa + H2O b. Phn ng th H ca vng benzen: Tc dng vi dung dch Brom (Phn ng ny dng nhn bit phenol). C6H5OH + 3Br2 C6H2Br3OH + 3HBr 3. iu ch: iu ch phenol ta c s sau: C6H6 C6H5Br C6H5ONa C6H5OH III. ANDEHIT 1. nh ngha - Danh php a. nh ngha: Andehit l nhng hp cht hu c m phn t c nhm -CH=O lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t C hoc nguyn t H. - V d: HCHO, CH3CHO... b. Danh php: - Tn thay th ca cc andehit no n chc mch h nh sau: Tn hidrocacbon no tng ng vi mch chnh + al V d: C H 3 C H(CH 3 ) C H 2 C HO (3-metylbutanal) - Tn thng ca mt s anehit: Andehit + tn axit tng ng V d: HCHO (andehit fomic), CH3CHO (andehit axetic) . . . 2. Tnh cht ha hc
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- Va th hin tnh oxi ha, va th hin tnh kh a. Tnh oxi ha: Phn ng cng H2 (to thnh ancol bc I): Ni, t 0 RCHO + H2 RCH2OH b. Tnh kh: Tc dng vi cc cht oxi ha t0 R-CHO + 2AgNO3 + H2O + 3NH3 R-COONH4 + 2Ag + 2NH4NO3 0 t R-CHO + 2Cu(OH)2 + NaOH RCOONa + Cu2O + 3H2O ( gch) Cc phn ng trn dng nhn bit andehit. 3. iu ch - iu ch andehit ta i t ancol bng phn ng oxi ha khng hon ton. t0 CH3CH2OH + CuO CH3CHO + Cu + H2O - i t hidrocacbon. xt, t 0 2CH2=CH2 + O2 2CH3CHO IV. AXIT CACBOXYLIC

1. nh ngha - Danh php a. nh ngha - L nhng phn t hp cht hu c m phn t c nhm -COOH lin kt trc tip vi nguyn t C hoc nguyn t H. - V d: HCOOH, CH3COOH, . . . b. Danh php - Tn thay th ca cc axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h nh sau: Axit + tn hidrocacbon no tng ng vi mch chnh + oic - V d: C H3 C H(CH3 ) C H 2 C H 2 C OOH (Axit-4-metylpentanoic) 2. Tnh cht vt l - Axit tan nhiu trong H2O do to c lin kt H vi H 2O v tan gim dn khi s nguyn t C tng ln. - Nhit si cao hn ancol tng ng do lin kt H gia cc nguyn t bn hn lin kt H gia cc phn t ancol. 3. Tnh cht ha hc a. Tnh axit: C y tnh cht ca mt axit. CH3COOH + NaOH CH 3COONa + H2O 2CH3COOH + ZnO (CH3COO)2Zn + H2O 2CH3COOH + CaCO3 (CH3COO)2Ca + CO2 + H2O 2CH3COOH + Zn (CH3COO)2Zn + H2 b. Phn ng th nhm -OH (phn ng este ha): H+ , t0 RCOOH + ROH RCOOR + H2O CH3COOH + C2H5OH
H ,t
+ 0

CH3COOC2H5 etyl axetat

H2O

4. iu ch axit axetic a. Ln men gim men gim C2H5OH + O2 CH3COOH b. Oxi ha andehit axetic xt 2CH3CHO + O2 2CH3COOH c. Oxi ha ankan d. T metanol t 0 , xt CH3OH + CO CH3COOH y l phng php hin i sn xut axit axetic. B. CC DNG BI TP

H2O

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ANCOL A. L THUYT Cu 1: Khi un nng CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3 (butan-2-ol) vi H2SO4 c, 170OC th sn phm chnh thu c l cht no? A. but-1-en. B. but-1-en v but-2-en (t l 1 : 1). C. ietyl ete. D. but-2-en. Cu 2: un hn hp gm metanol, etanol v propan-1-ol vi H 2SO4 c nhit thch hp t 140o n 180oC. S sn phm hu c thu c l A. 5. B. 6. C. 8. D. 9. Cu 3: Ba ancol X, Y, Z u bn v khng phi l ng phn ca nhau. t chy hon ton mi cht u thu c H2O v CO2 theo t l s mol l 4 : 3. Cng thc phn t ca ba ancol l A. C3H8O; C3H8O2; C3H8O3. B. C3H8O; C3H8O2; C3H8O4. C. C3H6O; C3H6O2; C3H6O3. D. C3H8O; C4H8O; C5H8O. Cu 4: Cng thc no sau y l cng thc ng nht ca ancol no mch h ? A. CnH2n+2x (OH)x. B. CnH2n+2. C. CnH2n+2Ox. D. CnH2n+1OH. 0 t Cu 5.(KB-08) Cho cc phn ng: HBr + C2H5OH C2H4 + Br2 askt(1:1mol) C2H4 + HBr C2H6 + Br2 S phn ng to ra C2H5Br l: A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1. Cu 6.(C-07) Cho cc cht c cng thc cu to nh sau: HOCH2-CH2OH (X); HOCH2-CH2-CH2OH (Y); HOCH2-CHOH-CH2OH (Z); CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3 (R); CH3-CHOH-CH2OH (T). Nhng cht tc dng c vi Cu(OH)2 to thnh dung dch mu xanh lam l A. X, Y, R, T. B. X, Z, T. C. Z, R, T. D. X, Y, Z, T. Cu 7.(KB-09) Cho cc hp cht sau : (a) HOCH2-CH2OH (b) HOCH2-CH2-CH2OH (c) HOCH2-CH(OH)-CH2OH (d) CH3-CH(OH)-CH2OH (e) CH3-CH2OH (f) CH3-O-CH2CH3 Cc cht u tc dng c vi Na, Cu(OH)2 l A. (c), (d), (f). B. (a), (b), (c). C. (a), (c), (d). D. (c), (d), (e). Cu 8.(C-09)* Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi ancol etylic l: A. NaOH, K, MgO, HCOOH (xc tc). B. Na2CO3, CuO (to), CH3COOH (xc tc), (CH3CO)2O. C. Ca, CuO (to), C6H5OH (phenol), HOCH2CH2OH. D. HBr (to), Na, CuO (to), CH3COOH (xc tc). Cu 9.(C-2010) Oxi ho khng hon ton ancol isopropylic bng CuO nung nng, thu c cht hu c X. X l A. metyl phenyl xeton. B. imetyl xeton. C. metyl vinyl xeton. D. propanal. Cu 10.(KB-07) Cho glixerol phn ng vi hn hp axit bo gm C17H35COOH v C15H31COOH, s loi trieste c to ra ti a l A. 6. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. Cu 11.(KB-08)* Ba cht hu c mch h X, Y, Z c cng cng thc phn t C3H6O v c cc tnh cht: X, Z u phn ng vi nc brom; X, Y, Z u phn ng vi H2 nhng ch c Z khng b thay i nhm chc; cht Y ch tc dng vi brom khi c mt CH3COOH. Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l: A. C2H5CHO, CH2=CH-O-CH3, (CH3)2CO. B. (CH3)2CO, C2H5CHO, CH2=CH-CH2OH. C. C2H5CHO, (CH3)2CO, CH2=CH-CH2OH. D. CH2=CH-CH2OH, C2H5CHO, (CH3)2CO. Cu 12.(C-11) S ancol ng phn ca nhau c cng thc phn t C5H12O, tc dng vi CuO (to) sinh ra xeton l A. 4. B. 2. C. 5. D. 3. Cu 13.(C-11) un si hn hp propyl bromua, kali hiroxit v etanol thu c sn phm hu c l

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A. propin. B. propan-2-ol. C. propan. D. propen. Cu 14.(C-12) S ancol bc I l ng phn cu to ca nhau c cng thc phn t C5H12O l A. 8. B. 1. C. 4. D. 3. +H 2 O +H 2 +H 2 O CaC X Y Z Cu 15.(KB-12) Cho dy chuyn ha sau: . X v Z ln 2 Pd/PbCO3 ,t o H 2SO 4 ,t o lt l A. axetilen v ancol etylic. B. axetilen v etylen glicol. C. etan v etanal. D. etilen v ancol etylic. Cu 16.(KB-12)* Hirat ha 2-metylbut-2-en (iu kin nhit , xc tc thch hp) thu c sn phm chnh l A. 2-metylbutan-2-ol. B. 3-metylbutan-2-ol. C. 3-metylbutan-1-ol. D. 2-metylbutan-3-ol. Cu 17: Mt ancol no, mch h X c cng thc phn t chung l C xHyOz (y = 2x + z). X c t khi hi so vi khng kh nh hn 3 v khng tc dng vi Cu(OH) 2. Cng thc ca X l A. HO-CH2-CH2-OH. B. CH3-CH(OH)-CH3. C. CH2(OH)-CH(OH)-CH2(OH). D. HO-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH. (C1: = 0 ; C2: Ancol no, mch h c s H = 2x sC + 2) B. BI TP ANCOL + KIM LOI KIM Cu 18: Cho Na d vo mt dung dch ancol etylic (C2H5OH v H2O) thy khi lng H2 bay ra bng 3% khi lng dung dch ancol etylic dng. Dung dch ancol etylic c nng phn trm khi lng l: A. 75,57%. B. 72,57%. C. 70,57%. D. 68,57%. o Cu 19.(C-2010) Cho 10 ml dung dich ancol etylic 46 phan ng ht vi kim lai Na (d), thu c V lit khi H2 (ktc). Bit khi lng ring cua ancol etylic nguyn cht bng 0,8 g/ml. Gia tri cua V la A. 4,256 B. 0,896 C. 3,360 D. 2,128 Cu 20.(KA-07) Cho 15,6 gam hn hp hai ancol n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng ht vi 9,2 gam Na, thu c 24,5 gam cht rn. Hai ancol l A. C3H5OH v C4H7OH. B. C2H5OH v C3H7OH. C. C3H7OH v C4H9OH. D. CH3OH v C2H5OH. (Gi : p dng LBTKL tnh m H s mol hn hp ancol) Cu 21: Cho m gam hn hp X gm ancol etylic, ancol anlylic v glixerol tc dng vi Na kim loi (d) thu c 8,96 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Mt khc, t m gam hn hp X, thu c 48,4 gam CO2 v 25,2 gam H2O. Gi tr ca m l A. 39,2 B. 19,6 C. 28,8 D. 32,0 (Gi : Lp hpt 3 n hoc xt mi lin quan gia s nguyn t H linh ng trong nhm -OH v s nguyn t O). Cu 22: Cho 18,4 gam hn hp Y gm ancol metylic, ancol anlylic v etylen glicol tc dng vi Na kim loi (d) thu c V lt kh H2 ( ktc). Mt khc, t 18,4 gam hn hp Y, thu c 30,8 gam CO2 v 18,0 gam H2O. Gi tr ca V l A. 2,24 B. 3,36 C. 4,48 D. 5,60 Cu 23: Cho 14,4 gam hn hp X gm ancol etylic, ancol anlylic, glixerol tc dng vi Na (d) thu c 4,48 lt kh H2 (ktc). Mt khc, t 14,4 gam hn hp X, sn phm thu c cho qua bnh ng dung dch H 2SO4 c (d) thy khi lng bnh tng 12,6 gam, kh cn li c dn qua bnh ng dung dch Ba(OH) 2 (d) thu c m gam kt ta. Tnh m A. 98,50 B. 108,35 C. 88,65 D. 78,80 Cu 24.(KB-12)* t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai ancol, thu c 13,44 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 15,3 gam H2O. Mt khc, cho m gam X tc dng vi Na (d), thu c 4,48 lt kh H2 (ktc). Gi tr ca m l A. 12,9. B. 15,3. C. 12,3. D. 16,9. PHN NG CHY
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Cu 25: t chy hon ton a gam mt ancol thu c 33a/23 gam CO2 v 18a/23 gam H2O. Ancol l: A. C2H5OH. B. C2H4(OH)2. C. C3H7OH. D. C3H5(OH)3. Cu 26: t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp 2 ancol no n chc X, Y l ng ng lin tip thu c 11,2 lt CO2. Cng vi lng hn hp trn cho phn ng vi Na d, thu c 2,24 lt H 2 ( ktc). Cng thc phn t ca 2 ancol trn l A. C2H5OH; C3H7OH. B. CH3OH; C3H7OH. C. C3H7OH, C4H9OH. D. CH3OH, C2H5OH. Cu 27.(C-08) t chy hon ton hn hp M gm hai ancol X v Y l ng ng k tip ca nhau, thu c 0,3 mol CO2 v 0,425 mol H2O. Mt khc, cho 0,25 mol hn hp M tc dng vi Na (d), thu c cha n 0,15 mol H2. Cng thc phn t ca X, Y l: A. C2H6O2, C3H8O B. C2H6O, CH4O C. C3H6O, C4H8O D. C2H6O, C3H8O Cu 28.(KA-09) t chy hon ton 0,2 mol mt ancol X no, mch h, cn va 17,92 lt kh O 2 ( ktc). Mt khc, nu cho 0,1 mol X tc dng va vi m gam Cu(OH) 2 th to thnh dung dch c mu xanh lam. m v X tng ng l A. 4,9 v propan-1,2-iol B. 9,8 v propan-1,2-iol C. 4,9 v glixerol. D. 4,9 v propan-1,3-iol (Gi : t X l C3H8Ok ri bo ton oxi tm k. Hoc xt A, B, D: C3H8O2 ri tm gi tr ca m) Cu 29.(C-11) t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp X gm 3 ancol thuc cng dy ng ng thu c 6,72 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 9,90 gam H2O. Nu un nng cng lng hn hp X nh trn vi H 2SO4 c nhit thch hp chuyn ht thnh ete th tng khi lng ete thu c l A. 6,45 gam. B. 5,46 gam. C. 7,40 gam. D. 4,20 gam. (Gi : Tm s nguyn t C TB 3 ancol no, mch h, n chc CnH2n + 1OH. Bo ton khi lng tm mete) Cu 30.(C-12 t chy hon ton hn hp X gm hai ancol no, hai chc, mch h cn va V1 lt kh O2, thu c V2 lt kh CO2 v a mol H2O. Cc kh u o iu kin tiu chun. Biu thc lin h gia V1,V2, a l A. V1 = 2V2 + 11,2a. B. V1 = V2 22,4a. C. V1 = V2 + 22,4a. D. V1 = 2V2 11,2a. Cu 31.(KA-12) t chy hon ton mt lng ancol X to ra 0,4 mol CO2 v 0,5 mol H2O. X tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 to dung dch mu xanh lam. Oxi ha X bng CuO to hp cht hu c a chc Y. Nhn xt no sau y ng vi X? A. Trong X c 3 nhm -CH3. B. Hirat ha but-2-en thu c X. C. Trong X c 2 nhm -OH lin kt vi hai nguyn t cacbon bc hai. D. X lm mt mu nc brom. Cu 32.(KB-12) Cho hn hp X gm ancol metylic, etylen glicol v glixerol. t chy hon ton m gam X thu c 6,72 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Cng m gam X trn cho tc dng vi Na d thu c ti a V lt kh H2 (ktc). Gi tr ca V l A. 3,36. B. 11,20. C. 5,60. D. 6,72. x 1 (Gi : S nhm OH = s C; CxHy(OH)x nCO2 = x.nancol ; nH 2 = nancol nH 2 = nCO2 ) 2 2 PHN NG OXI HA Cu 33: Oxi ho 0,1 mol ancol etylic bng oxi khng kh (xc tc Cu, nung nng) thu c m gam hn hp Y gm axetanehit, nc v ancol etylic (d). Cho Na (d) vo m gam Y sinh ra V lt kh (ktc). Pht biu no sau y ng ? A. Gi tr ca V l 2,24. B. Gi tr ca V l 1,12. C. Hiu sut phn ng oxi ho ancol l 100%. D. S mol Na phn ng l 0,2 mol. Cu 34: Oxi ho 4,0 gam ancol n chc X bng O 2 (xc tc, to) thu c 5,6 gam hn hp Y gm anehit, ancol d v nc. Tn ca X v hiu sut phn ng l

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A. metanol; 75%. B. etanol; 75%. C. propan-1-ol (propanol-1); 80%. D. metanol; 80%. Cu 35.(C-08)* Oxi ho ancol n chc X bng CuO (un nng), sinh ra mt sn phm hu c duy nht l xeton Y (t khi hi ca Y so vi hiro bng 29). Cng thc cu to ca X l A. CH3-CHOH-CH3. B. CH3-CH2-CHOH-CH3. C. CH3-CO-CH3. D. CH3-CH2-CH2-OH. Cu 36.(C-09) Oxi ho m gam etanol thu c hn hp X gm axetanehit, axit axetic, nc v etanol d. Cho ton b X tc dng vi dung dch NaHCO 3 (d) thu c 0,56 lt kh CO 2 (ktc). Khi lng etanol b oxi ho to ra axit l A. 4,60 gam. B. 1,15 gam. C. 5,75 gam. D. 2,30 gam. Cu 37.(KB-08) Oxi ho 1,2 gam CH3OH bng CuO nung nng, sau mt thi gian thu c hn hp sn phm X (gm HCHO, H2O v CH3OH d). Cho ton b X tc dng vi lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3, c 12,96 gam Ag. Hiu sut ca phn ng oxi ho CH3OH l A. 76,6%. B. 80,0%. C. 65,5%. D. 70,4%. Cu 38.(KA-2010) Oxi hoa ht 2,2 gam hn hp hai ancol n chc thanh anehit cn va u 4,8 gam CuO. Cho toan b lng anehit trn tac dung vi lng d dung dich AgNO 3 trong NH3, thu c 23,76 gam Ag. Hai ancol la A. C2H5OH, C2H5CH2OH. B. C2H5OH, C3H7CH2OH. C. CH3OH, C2H5CH2OH. D. CH3OH, C2H5OH. Cu 39.(KA-08) Cho m gam hn hp X gm hai ancol no, n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng vi CuO (d) nung nng, thu c mt hn hp rn Z v mt hn hp hi Y (c t khi hi so vi H2 l 13,75). Cho ton b Y phn ng vi mt lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3 un nng, sinh ra 64,8 gam Ag. Tnh m A. 7,8. B. 7,4. C. 9,2. D. 8,8. (Gi : Xt TH hn hp gm CH3OH v C2H5OH trc) Cu 40.(KB-2010) Hn hp X gm 1 ancol v 2 sn phm hp nc ca propen. T khi hi ca X so vi hiro bng 23. Cho m gam X i qua ng s ng CuO (d) nung nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp Y gm 3 cht hu c v hi nc, khi lng ng s gim 3,2 gam. Cho Y tc dng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, to ra 48,6 gam Ag. Phn trm khi lng ca propan-1-ol trong X l A. 65,2%. B. 16,3%. C. 48,9%. D. 83,7%. PHN NG TCH NC, HIRAT HA ANKEN Cu 41.(KA-12) Trong ancol X, oxi chim 26,667% v khi lng. un nng X vi H2SO4 c thu c anken Y. Phn t khi ca Y l A. 42. B. 70. C. 28. D. 56. Cu 42: Khi un nng m1 gam ancol n chc X vi H2SO4 c lm xc tc iu kin nhit thch hp thu c m2 gam cht hu c Y. T khi hi ca Y i vi X bng 0,7. (Hiu sut ca phn ng l 100%). Ancol X l A. CH3OH. B. C2H5OH. C. C3H5OH. D. C3H7OH. Cu 43.(KB-08) un nng mt ancol n chc X vi dung dch H2SO4 c trong iu kin nhit thch hp sinh ra cht hu c Y, t khi hi ca X so vi Y l 1,6428. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C3H8O. B. C2H6O. C. CH4O. D. C4H8O. Cu 44.(KB-08) un nng hn hp gm hai ancol n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng vi H2SO4 c 140oC. Sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c 6 gam hn hp gm ba ete v 1,8 gam nc. Cng thc phn t ca hai ancol trn l A. CH3OH v C2H5OH. B. C2H5OH v C3H7OH. C. C3H5OH v C4H7OH. D. C3H7OH v C4H9OH. (mancol = mete + mnc; nancol = 2nnc) Cu 45: un nng mt hn hp gm 2 ancol no n chc vi H 2SO4 c 140oC thu c 10,8 gam nc v 36 gam hn hp 3 ete, bit ete thu c c s mol bng nhau v phn ng xy ra hon ton. Hai ancol c cng thc phn t l A. CH3OH v C2H5OH. B. C2H5OH v C3H7OH. C. CH3OH v C3H7OH. D. C2H5OH v C4H9OH.

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(Gi : t 2 ancol CnH2n+1OH n=1,5; cc ete c mol bng nhau nn 2 ancol c s mol bng nhau (n1+n2)/2=1,5 ) Cu 46: Cho m gam hn hp X gm hai ancol no n chc, bc mt l ng ng k tip tc dng vi Na d, thu c 3,36 lt kh (ktc). Mt khc, khi un nng m gam hn hp trn 140 oC vi H2SO4 c thu c 13,5 gam hn hp 3 ete. Hiu sut cc phn ng l 100%. Tn gi ca hai ancol trong X l A. metanol v etanol. B. etanol v propan-1-ol. C. propan-1-ol v butan-1-ol. D. butan-1-ol v pentan-1-ol. Cu 47: Hn hp M gm hai anken k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. t chy hon ton 2,24 lt M, thu c 5,6 lt kh CO2 (cc kh o cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Hirat ho hon ton mt th tch M iu kin thch hp, thu c hn hp N gm ba ancol X, Y, Z (X, Y l ancol bc mt, phn t khi ca X nh hn phn t khi ca Y). T l v khi lng cc ancol bc mt so vi ancol bc hai l 17,5 : 9. Thnh phn phn trm khi lng ca ancol Y trong hn hp N l A. 22,64%. B. 25,64%. C. 26,96%. D. 33,96%. Cu 48.(KA-12) t chy hon ton 3 lt hn hp X gm 2 anken k tip nhau trong dy ng ng cn va 10,5 lt O2 (cc th tch kh o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Hirat ha hon ton X trong iu kin thch hp thu c hn hp ancol Y, trong khi lng ancol bc hai bng 6/13 ln tng khi lng cc ancol bc mt. Phn trm khi lng ca ancol bc mt (c s nguyn t cacbon ln hn) trong Y l A. 46,43%. B. 10,88%. C. 31,58%. D. 7,89%. Cu 49.(C-07) Cho hn hp hai anken ng ng k tip nhau tc dng vi nc (c H2SO4 lm xc tc) thu c hn hp Z gm hai ancol X v Y. t chy hon ton 1,06 gam hn hp Z sau hp th ton b sn phm chy vo 2 lt dung dch NaOH 0,1M thu c dung dch T trong nng ca NaOH bng 0,05M. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X v Y l A. C2H5OH v C3H7OH. B. C3H7OH v C4H9OH. C. C2H5OH v C4H9OH. D. C4H9OH v C5H11OH. Cu 50.(KB-11) Chia hn hp gm hai ancol n chc X v Y (phn t khi ca X nh hn ca Y) l ng ng k tip thnh hai phn bng nhau: - t chy hon ton phn 1 thu c 5,6 lt CO2 (ktc) v 6,3 gam H2O. - un nng phn 2 vi H2SO4 c 140oC to thnh 1,25 gam hn hp ba ete. Ho hi hon ton hn hp ba ete trn, thu c th tch hi bng th tch ca 0,42 gam N2 (trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Hiu sut phn ng to ete ca X, Y ln lt l A. 25% v 35%. B. 20% v 40%. C. 40% v 20%. D. 30% v 30%. (Gi : Phn 1 tm c 2 ancol C2H5OH (0,05mol) v C3H7OH (0,05 mol); Phn 2 tm c nancol phn ng = 0,03 mol; mancol phn ng = 1,52 gam ) PHENOL Cu 1.(C-2010) Phat biu ung la A. Phenol phan ng c vi dung dich NaHCO3. B. Phenol phan ng c vi nc brom. C. Vinyl axetat phan ng vi dung dich NaOH sinh ra ancol etylic. D. Thuy phn benzyl clorua thu c phenol. Cu 2: Pht biu no ng? A. Phenol c tnh axit yu, dung dch ca n lm qu tm ho hng. B. Sn phm chnh khi tch HCl ca 2-clobutan l but-1-en. C. Do nh hng ca nhm OH nn phenol d tham gia phn ng th nguyn t H nhn thm bng nguyn t Br hn so vi benzen. D. Phenyl clorua (C6H5Cl) d tham gia phn ng th nguyn t Cl bng nhm OH hn so vi etyl clorua (C2H5Cl).

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Cu 3: nh hng ca gc C6H5- n nhm OH trong phn t phenol th hin qua phn ng gia phenol vi A. dung dch NaOH. B. Na kim loi. C. H2 (Ni, nung nng). D. nc Br2. Cu 4.(KB-08) nh hng ca nhm OH n gc C6H5- trong phn t phenol th hin qua phn ng ca phenol vi A. dung dch NaOH. B. Na kim loi. C. H2 (Ni, nung nng). D. nc Br2. Cu 5: Axit picric c cng thc cu to l A. C6H5(NO2)3OH. B. C6H3(NO2)3. C. C6H2(NO2)3OH. D. C6H5OH. Cu 6: Phn ng chng minh phenol mt axit yu l C6H5ONa A. 2C6H5OH + 2Na 2C6H5ONa + H2 B. C6H5OH + NaOH + H2O C. C6H5OH + 3Br2 C6H2(Br)3OH + 3HBr D. C6H5ONa + CO2 + H2O C6H5OH+NaHCO3 Cu 7.(KB-07)* Dy gm cc cht u phn ng vi phenol l: A. dung dch NaCl, dung dch NaOH, kim loi Na. B. nc brom, axit axetic, dung dch NaOH. C. nc brom, anhirit axetic, dung dch NaOH. D. nc brom, anehit axetic, dung dch NaOH. Cu 8.(KA-09) Hp cht hu c X tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH v dung dch brom nhng khng tc dng vi dung dch NaHCO3. Tn gi ca X l A. metyl axetat. B. axit acrylic. C. anilin. D. phenol. Cu 9: Cho hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C 6H6O2. Bit X tc ng vi dng dch KOH theo t l mol l 1 : 2. S ng phn cu to ca X l A. 3. B. 4. C. 1. D. 2 Cu 10.(KA-2010) Trong s cac phat biu sau v phenol (C6H5OH): (1) Phenol tan it trong nc nhng tan nhiu trong dung dich HCl (2) Phenol co tinh axit, dung dich phenol khng lam i mau quy tim (3) Phenol dung san xut keo dan, cht dit nm mc (4) Phenol tham gia phan ng th brom va th nitro d hn benzen Cac phat biu ung la A. (1), (2), (4). B. (2), (3), (4). C. (1), (2), (3). D. (1), (3), (4). Cu 11: C th iu ch phenol t canxi cacbua theo s phn ng sau: CaC2 X Y Z G C6H5OH Y v Z ln lt l A. C4H4 v C6H5Cl. B. C6H6 v C6H5CH=CH2. C. C4H4 v C6H14. D. C6H6 v C6H5Cl. +HNO3 (1 : 1), xt +Br2 (1 : 1), Fe NaOH dac, t 0 cao, P cao +HCl Cu 12: Cho s sau: Benzen X Y Z T . T l A. o-nitrophenol hoc p-nitrophenol. B. p-nitrophenol. C. o-nitrophenol. D. m-nitrophenol. NaOH Na Br2 , t 0 Cu 13: Cho s chuyn ha sau: Toluen X Y Z. Cht Y l: A. o-crezol. B. o-crezol v p-crezol. C. ancol benzylic. D. p-crezol. + Br2 (1:1mol),Fe,t 0 + NaOH (d ),t 0 ,p + HCl(d ) Cu 14.(KB-08) Cho s chuyn ho sau: Toluen X Y Z Trong X, Y, Z u l hn hp ca cc cht hu c. Z c thnh phn chnh gm A. m-metylphenol v o-metylphenol. B. benzyl bromua v o-bromtoluen. C. o-bromtoluen v p-bromtoluen. D. o-metylphenol v p-metylphenol. Cu 15.(KA-07) Cho s C6H6 (benzen) X Y Z
Fe, to to cao, p cao + Cl2 (t l mol 1: 1) + NaOH c (d) + axit HCl

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Hai cht hu c Y, Z ln lt l : A. C6H6(OH)6, C6H6Cl6. B. C6H4(OH)2, C6H4Cl2. C. C6H5OH, C6H5Cl. D. C6H5ONa, C6H5OH. + NaOH (du ) +X Y (hp cht Cu 16.(KA-09)* Cho dy chuyn ha sau: Phenol Phenyl axetat t0 thm) Hai cht X,Y trong s trn ln lt l: A. anhirit axetic, phenol. B. anhirit axetic, natri phenolat. C. axit axetic, natri phenolat. D. axit axetic, phenol. Cu 17.(C-09) Trong thc t, phenol c dng sn xut A. poli(phenol-fomanehit), cht dit c 2,4-D v axit picric. B. nha rezol, nha rezit v thuc tr su 666. C. nha poli(vinyl clorua), nha novolac v cht dit c 2,4-D. D. nha rezit, cht dit c 2,4-D v thuc n TNT. Cu 18.(KA-11) Cho dy cc cht: phenylamoni clorua, benzyl clorua, isopropyl clorua, m-crezol, ancol benzylic, natri phenolat, anlyl clorua. S cht trong dy tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH long, un nng l A. 4. B. 3. C. 6. D. 5. Cu 19.(C-11) S hp cht ng phn cu to ca nhau c cng thc phn t C8H10O, trong phn t c vng benzen, tc dng c vi Na, khng tc dng c vi NaOH l A. 4. B. 6. C. 7. D. 5. Cu 20.(KB-12) C bao nhiu cht cha vng benzen c cng cng thc phn t C7H8O? A. 3. B. 5. C. 6. D. 4. Cu 21.(KA-12) Cho cc pht biu sau v phenol (C6H5OH): (a) Phenol tan nhiu trong nc lnh. (b) Phenol c tnh axit nhng dung dch phenol trong nc khng lm i mu qu tm. (c) Phenol c dng sn xut phm nhum, cht dit nm mc. (d) Nguyn t H ca vng benzen trong phenol d b thay th hn nguyn t H trong benzen. (e) Cho nc brom vo dung dch phenol thy xut hin kt ta. S pht biu ng l A. 4. B. 2. C. 5. D. 3. Cu 22.(KB-12)* Cho phenol (C6H5OH) ln lt tc dng vi (CH3CO)2O v cc dung dch: NaOH, HCl, Br2, HNO3, CH3COOH. S trng hp xy ra phn ng l A. 3. B. 4. C. 2. D. 1. Cu 23.(KA-11) Hp cht hu c X cha vng benzen c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin nht. Trong X, t l khi lng cc nguyn t l m C : mH : mO = 21 : 2 : 8. Bit khi X phn ng hon ton vi Na th thu c s mol kh hiro bng s mol ca X phn ng. X c bao nhiu ng phn (cha vng benzen) tha mn cc tnh cht trn? A. 9. B. 3. C. 7. D. 10. Cu 24.(C-11) Cho m gam hn hp X gm phenol v etanol phn ng hon ton vi natri (d), thu c 2,24 lt kh H2 (ktc). Mt khc, phn ng hon ton vi m gam X cn 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Gi tr ca m l A. 7,0. B. 14,0. C. 10,5. D.21,0. Cu 25.(KB-2010) Cho 13,74 gam 2,4,6-trinitrophenol vo bnh kn ri nung nng nhit cao. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c x mol hn hp kh gm: CO2, CO, N2 v H2. Gi tr ca x l A. 0,60. B. 0,36. C. 0,54. D. 0,45. (Gi : C6H2(NO2)3OH CO2 + 5CO + 3/2N2 + 3/2H2) ANDEHIT-XETON L TUYT 1. Dy cc cht no sau y u c phn ng trng gng khi cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 un nng ? A. etanal, axit fomic, glixerol trifomat. B. axetilen, anehit axetic, axit fomic. C. axit oxalic, etyl fomat, anehit benzoic. D. propanal, etyl fomat, ancol etylic. 2. Cho cc phn ng ha hc sau:

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+ O2 (1). C6H5CH(CH3)2 +H 2 O;H 2SO 4
o

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t (4). CH3CH2OH + CuO o HgSO 4 ,t o xt,t (2). CH2=CH2 + O2 (5). CH3-C CH + H2O HgSO4 ,t o xt,t o (3). CH4 + O2 (6). CH CH + H2O C bao nhiu phn ng trn c th to ra anehit A. 3. B. 5. C. 4. D. 6. 3.(KB-2010) Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi H 2 (xc tc Ni, to) to ra sn phm c kh nng phn ng vi Na l: A. C2H3CH2OH, CH3COCH3, C2H3COOH. B. C2H3CHO, CH3COOC2H3, C6H5COOH. C. C2H3CH2OH, CH3CHO, CH3COOH. D. CH3OC2H5, CH3CHO, C2H3COOH. 4.(KA-2010)* Hiro ha cht hu c X thu c (CH3)2CHCH(OH)CH3. Cht X c tn thay th l A. metyl isopropyl xetol. B. 3-metylbutan-2-on. C. 3-metylbutan-2-ol. D. 2-metylbutan-3-on. 5.(C-08) Cho cc cht sau: CH3-CH2-CHO (1), CH2=CH-CHO (2), (CH3)2CH-CHO (3), CH2=CH-CH2-OH (4). o Nhng cht phn ng hon ton vi lng d H2 (Ni, t ) cng to ra mt sn phm l: A. (2), (3), (4). B. (1), (2), (4). C. (1), (2), (3). D. (1), (3), (4). 6.(KA-07) Dy gm cc cht u tc dng vi AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3 l A. anehit axetic, but-1-in, etilen. B. anehit axetic, axetilen, but-2-in. C. axit fomic, vinylaxetilen, propin. D. anehit fomic, axetilen, etilen. 7.(C-09) Qu trnh no sau y khng to ra anehit axetic? A. CH2=CH2 + H2O (to, xc tc HgSO4). B. CH2=CH2 + O2 (to, xc tc). o C. CH3-CH2OH + CuO (t ). D. CH3-COOCH=CH2 + dung dch NaOH (to). 8.(KA-09) Dy gm cc cht u iu ch trc tip (bng mt phn ng) to ra anehit axetic l: A. CH3COOH, C2H2, C2H4. B. C2H5OH, C2H2, CH3COOC2H5. C. C2H5OH, C2H4, C2H2. D. HCOOC2H3, C2H2, CH3COOH. 9.(KA-07)* Cho cc cht: HCN, H2, dung dch KMnO4, dung dch Br2. S cht phn ng c vi (CH3)2CO l A. 2. B. 4. C. 1. D. 3. 10.(KB-11) Cho cc pht biu sau: (a) Anehit va c tnh oxi ho va c tnh kh. (b) Phenol tham gia phn ng th brom kh hn benzen. (c) Anehit tc dng vi H2 (d) c xc tc Ni un nng, thu c ancol bc mt. (d) Dung dch axit axetic tc dng c vi Cu(OH)2. (e) Dung dch phenol trong nc lm qu tm ho . (g) Trong cng nghip, axeton c sn xut t cumen. S pht biu ng l A. 4. B. 2. C. 5. D. 3. 11.(KA-11)* Pht biu no sau y v anehit v xeton l sai? A. Hiro xianua cng vo nhm cacbonyl to thnh sn phm khng bn. B. Axeton khng phn ng c vi nc brom. C. Axetanehit phn ng c vi nc brom. D. Anehit fomic tc dng vi H2O to thnh sn phm khng bn. 12.(KB-11) Cho s phn ng: xt, to (1) X + O2 axit cacboxylic Y1. xt, to (2) X + H2 ancol Y2. xt, to (3) Y1 + Y2 Y3 + H2O Bit Y3 c cng thc phn t C6H10O2. Tn gi ca X l A. anehit acrylic. B. anehit propionic. C. anehit metacrylic. D. anehit axetic. + X (xt,t o ) + Z(xt,t o ) + M(xt,t o ) 13.(C-11) Cho s phn ng: CH 4 Y T CH 3COOH (X, Z, M l cc cht v c, mi mi tn ng vi mt phng trnh phn ng).

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Cht T trong s trn l A. C2H5OH. B. CH3COONa. C. CH3CHO. D. CH3OH. (Gi : X l O2; Y l HCHO; Z l H2; T l CH3OH; M l CO) 14.(KA-11) X, Y, Z l cc hp cht mch h, bn c cng cng thc phn t C 3H6O. X tc dng c vi Na v khng c phn ng trng bc. Y khng tc dng vi Na nhng c phn ng trng bc, Z khng tc dng c vi Na v khng c phn ng trng bc. Cc cht X, Y, Z ln lt l: A. CH2=CH-CH2-OH, CH3-CH2-CHO, CH3-CO-CH3. B. CH2=CH-CH2-OH, CH3-CO-CH3, CH3-CH2-CHO. C. CH3-CH2-CHO, CH3-CO-CH3, CH2=CH-CH2-OH. D. CH3-CO-CH3, CH3-CH2-CHO, CH2=CH-CH2-OH. 15.(KB-11)* Cho s phn ng: +H 2 O + HCN X2 (1) CH3CHO X1 H + ,t o
+Mg + CO 2 + HCl Y1 (2) C2H5Br Y2 Y3. ete Cc cht hu c X1, X2, Y1, Y2, Y3 l cc sn phm chnh. Hai cht X2, Y3 ln lt l A. axit 2-hiroxipropanoic v axit propanoic. B. axit 3-hiroxipropanoic v ancol propylic. C. axit axetic v axit propanoic. D. axit axetic v ancol propylic. BI TP PHN NG TRNG GNG 16. Cho 1,5 gam mt anehit tc dng ht vi lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3, thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca anehit l A. OHC-CHO. B. CH3-CH2-CHO. C. CH2=CH-CHO. D. HCHO. 17. Mt hp cht hu c X (gm C, H, O) ch cha mt loi nhm chc. Cho 1 mol X tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 th thu c 4 mol Ag. Bit rng oxi chim 37,21% v khi lng trong phn t X. X l A. OHC-[CH2]2-CHO. B. OHC-CHO. C. OHC-CH2-CHO. D. H-CHO. PHN NG T CHY 18. t chy hon ton 0,3 mol hn hp kh gm hai anehit no, n chc mch h X v Y, thu c 16,8 lt kh CO2 (cc kh o 136,5oC, 1 atm). Nu ly cng lng hp hp trn tc dng hon ton vi AgNO3 (d) trong NH3 thu c 108 gam Ag kim loi. Cng thc X v Y ln lt l A. HCHO v CH3CHO. B. HCHO v C2H5CHO. C. HCHO v C2H3CHO. D. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO. 19. t chy hon ton 1,72 gam hn hp X gm c anehit acrylic v mt anehit no n chc Y cn 2,296 lt oxi (ktc). Cho ton b sn phm chy hp th ht vo dung dch nc vi trong d c 8,5 gam kt ta. Y l A. C3H7-CH=O. B. H-CH=O. C. C2H5CH=O. D. CH3-CH=O. (Gi : BTKL tm tng KL CO2 + H2O mol H2O = 0,07; nanhit acrylic = mol CO2 mol H2O = 0,015 mY = 0,88 gam; BTNT oxi tm c nY = 0,02 mol MY = 44) PHN NG CNG H2 20. Chia hn hp gm hai anehit no n chc thnh hai phn bng nhau: - t chy hon ton phn th nht thu c 0,54 gam H2O. - Phn th hai cng H2 (Ni, to ) thu c hn hp X. Nu t chy hon ton X th th tch kh CO2 thu c( ktc) l A. 0,112 lt. B. 0,672 lt. C. 1,68 lt. D. 2,24 lt. 21. Kh 1,6 gam hn hp hai anehit no bng kh H 2 thu c hn hp hai ancol. un hai ancol ny vi H2SO4 c c hn hp hai olefin l ng ng k tip. t hai olefin ny c 3,52 gam CO2. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Cng thc ca hai anehit l A. HCHO v CH3CHO. B. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO. C. C2H5CHO v C3H7CHO. D. C3H7CHO v C4H9CHO. 22. Hn hp X gm anehit acrylic v anehit Y l ng ng ca anehit fomic. Cho 8,50 gam X tham gia phn ng cng va vi 5,6 lt H 2 (ktc). Mt khc, ly 8,50 gam X tham gia phn ng trng bc hon ton c 32,4 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to ca Y l

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A. CH3CH2CHO.

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B. C4H9CHO. C. CH3CH2CH2CHO. D. CH3CHO. PHN NG OXI HA 23. Oxi ho 4,6 gam hn hp ca hai ancol n chc thnh anehit th dng ht 8,0 gam CuO. Cho ton b lng anehit thu c phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 32,4 gam Ag. Hai ancol l A. C2H5OH v C3H7OH. B. C2H5OH v C4H9OH. C. CH3OH v C2H5OH. D. CH3OH v C3H7OH. 24. Cho hn hp X gm hai anehit Y, Z l ng ng k tip nhau. t chy Y to ra CO2 v H2O vi t l s mol 1 : 1; trong Y c 53,33% oxi v khi lng. Oxi ho m gam hn hp X thu c (m + 3,2) gam hn hp X1 gm hai axit tng ng. Mt khc, nu cho m gam hn hp X phn ng vi dung dch AgNO 3 (d) trong NH3 thu c 51,84 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l A. 7,40. B. 8,24. C. 8,88. D. 9,20. 25. Oxi ho 3,75 gam mt anehit n chc X bng oxi (xc tc) c 5,35 gam hn hp gm axit, anehit d. Tn ca X v hiu sut ca phn ng l: A. anehit fomic; 75%. B. anehit axetic; 75%. C. anehit propionic; 80%. D. anehit fomic; 80%. TNG HP ANDEHIT TRONG THI H-C T 2007 N 2012 1.(KA-08) Cho 3,6 gam anehit n chc X phn ng hon ton vi mt lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3 un nng, thu c m gam Ag. Ho tan hon ton m gam Ag bng dung dch HNO3 c, sinh ra 2,24 lt NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Cng thc ca X l A. C3H7CHO. B. HCHO. C. C2H5CHO. D. C4H9CHO. 2.(KB-07) Oxi ha hon ton 2,2 gam mt anehit n chc thu c 3 gam axit tng ng. Cng thc ca anehit l A. C2H3CHO. B. CH3CHO. C. HCHO. D. C2H5CHO. 3.(KA-07) Cho 6,6 gam mt anehit X n chc, mch h phn ng vi lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3, un nng. Lng Ag sinh ra cho phn ng ht vi axit HNO3 long, thot ra 2,24 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, o ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. CH3CHO. B. CH2 = CHCHO. C. CH3CH2CHO. D. HCHO. 4.(C-07) Cho 2,9 gam mt anehit phn ng hon ton vi lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3 thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca anehit l A. HCHO. B. CH2=CH-CHO. C. OHC-CHO. D. CH3CHO. 5.(C-2010)* Cho 4,6 gam mt ancol no, n chc phn ng vi CuO nung nng, thu c 6,2 gam hn hp X gm anehit, nc v ancol d. Cho ton b lng hn hp X phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, un nng, thu c m gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l A. 16,2. B. 43,2. C. 10,8. D. 21,6. (Gi : nancol phn ng = nO = (6,2 4,6)/16 = 0,1 mol nancol ban u > 0,1 mol Mancol < 46 ancol l CH3OH nHCHO =0,1 mol nAg = 0,4 mol mAg = 43,2 gam ) 6.(KA-2010) Axeton c iu ch bng cach oxi hoa cumen nh oxi, sau o thuy phn trong dung dich H2SO4 loang. thu c 145 gam axeton thi lng cumen cn dung (gia s hiu sut qua trinh iu ch at 75%) la A. 300 gam. B. 500 gam. C. 400 gam. D. 600 gam. 7.(KA-09) Cho hn hp kh X gm HCHO v H 2 i qua ng s ng bt Ni nung nng. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y gm hai cht hu c. t chy ht Y th thu c 11,7 gam H2O v 7,84 lt kh CO2 (ktc). Phn trm theo th tch ca H2 trong X l A. 65,00%. B. 46,15%. C. 35,00% D. 53,85%. (Gi : n HCHO = n CO2 = 0,35 mol ; BTNT H n H2 = 0,3 mol )

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8.(KB-09) Hiro ho hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng thu c (m + 1) gam hn hp hai ancol. Mt khc, khi t chy hon ton cng m gam X th cn va 17,92 lt kh O2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l A. 10,5. B. 17,8. C. 8,8. D. 24,8. (Gi : nO(X) = nX = 0,5 mol; t n CO2 = n H 2O = a ; BTNT O a = 0,7 m = mC + mH + mO =17,8 gam) 9.(KB-09) t chy hon ton 1 mol hp cht hu c X, thu c 4 mol CO 2. Cht X tc dng c vi Na, tham gia phn ng trng bc v phn ng cng Br2 theo t l mol 1 : 1. Cng thc cu to ca X l A. HOOC-CH=CH-COOH. B. HO-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-CHO. C. HO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CHO. D. HO-CH2-CH=CH-CHO. 10.(KA-2010) Cho m gam hn hp etanal v propanal phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 43,2 gam kt ta v dung dch cha 17,5 gam mui amoni ca hai axit hu c. Gi tr ca m l A. 10,9. B. 14,3. C. 10,2. D. 9,5 11.(KB-09)* Hn hp X gm hai ancol no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Oxi ho hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp X c khi lng m gam bng CuO nhit thch hp, thu c hn hp sn phm hu c Y. Cho Y tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3, thu c 54 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l A. 15,3. B. 8,5. C. 8,1. D. 13,5. 12.(C-09) Cho 0,1 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, un nng thu c 32,4 gam Ag. Hai anehit trong X l A. CH3CHO v C2H5CHO. B. HCHO v CH3CHO. C. HCHO v C2H5CHO. D. C2H3CHO v C3H5CHO. 13.(C-09)* Hiro ha hon ton hn hp M gm hai anehit X v Y no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng (MX < MY), thu c hn hp hai ancol c khi lng ln hn khi lng M l 1 gam. t chy hon ton M thu c 30,8 gam CO 2. Cng thc v phn trm khi lng ca X ln lt l A. HCHO v 32,44%. B. HCHO v 50,56%. C. CH3CHO v 67,16%. D. CH3CHO v 49,44%. 14.(KA-11) t chy hon ton anehit X, thu c th tch kh CO 2 bng th tch hi nc (trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut). Khi cho 0,01 mol X tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3 th thu c 0,04 mol Ag. X l A. anehit fomic. B. anehit no, mch h, hai chc. C. anehit axetic. D. anehit khng no, mch h, hai chc. 15.(C-11) Hn hp G gm hai anehit X v Y, trong M X < MY < 1,6 MX. t chy hn hp G thu c CO2 v H2O c s mol bng nhau. Cho 0,10 mol hn hp G vo dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3 thu c 0,25 mol Ag. Tng s cc nguyn t trong mt phn t Y l A. 10. B. 7. C. 6. D. 9. 16.(KB-11) Hn hp X gm hai anehit n chc Y v Z (bit phn t khi ca Y nh hn ca Z). Cho 1,89 gam X tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, sau khi cc phn ng kt thc, thu c 18,36 gam Ag v dung dch E. Cho ton b E tc dng vi dung dch HCl (d), thu c 0,784 lt CO2 (ktc). Tn ca Z l A. anehit acrylic. B. anehit butiric. C. anehit propionic. D. anehit axetic. 17.(KB-11) X l hn hp gm H2 v hi ca hai anehit (no, n chc, mch h, phn t u c s nguyn t C nh hn 4), c t khi so vi heli l 4,7. un nng 2 mol X (xc tc Ni), c hn hp Y c t khi hi so vi heli l 9,4. Thu ly ton b cc ancol trong Y ri cho tc dng vi Na (d), c V lt H2 (ktc). Gi tr ln nht ca V l A. 22,4. B. 13,44. C. 5,6. D. 11,2. (Gi : MX = 18,8; MY = 37,6; mY = mX = 18,8.2 = 37,6 gam nY = 1 mol; RCHO + H2 RCH2OH; n = mol H2 phn ng = mol RCHO phn ng = 1 mol m nX = 2 mol phn ng va ; nancol = 1 mol mol H2 = 0,5 mol) 18.(KB-11) hiro ho hon ton 0,025 mol hn hp X gm hai anehit c khi lng 1,64 gam,

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cn 1,12 lt H2 (ktc). Mt khc, khi cho cng lng X trn phn ng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 th thu c 8,64 gam Ag. Cng thc cu to ca hai anehit trong X l A. CH2=C(CH3)-CHO v OHC-CHO. B. OHC-CH2-CHO v OHC-CHO. C. H-CHO v OHC-CH2-CHO. D. CH2=CH-CHO v OHC-CH2-CHO. (Gi : n H2 =2n andehit A hoc C. Hoc tnh T = nAg/nandehit = 3,2 A hoc C. t x, y l mol x + y = 0, 025 ) 2 x + 4 y = 0, 08 19.(KB-11) Hn hp M gm mt anehit v mt ankin (c cng s nguyn t cacbon). t chy hon ton x mol hn hp M, thu c 3x mol CO2 v 1,8x mol H2O. Phn trm s mol ca anehit trong hn hp M l A. 30%. B. 40%. C. 50%. D. 20%. (Gi : C1 = C2 = C = 3; H = 3, 6 Ankin : C3 H 4 ; Andehit : CH C - CHO ) 20.(C-12) Cho m gam hn hp hi X gm hai ancol (n chc, bc I, l ng ng k tip) phn ng vi CuO d, thu c hn hp hi Y gm nc v anehit. T khi hi ca Y so vi kh hiro bng 14,5. Cho ton b Y phn ng hon ton vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 97,2 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l A. 14,0. B. 10,1. C. 18,9. D. 14,7. 4 x + 2 y = 0,9 x = 0,1 (Gi : Xt hh gm CH3OH (x mol), C2H5OH (y mol); 30 x + 18 x + 44 y + 18 y = 29 y = 0, 25 2x + 2 y R = 11 HCHO, CH3CHO v l) 0,45 0,45 0,45 0,9 21.(KB-12) Oxi ha 0,08 mol mt ancol n chc, thu c hn hp X gm mt axit cacboxylic, mt anehit, ancol d v nc. Ngng t ton b X ri chia lm hai phn bng nhau. Phn mt cho tc dng ht vi Na d, thu c 0,504 lt kh H2 (ktc). Phn hai cho phn ng trng bc hon ton thu c 9,72 gam Ag. Phn trm khi lng ancol b oxi ho l A. 50,00%. B. 62,50%. C. 31,25%. D. 40,00%. RCH 2OH H 2O + RCOOH + Na H 2 (0, 0225mol ) Hng dn: RCH 2OH H 2O + RCHO RCH 2OH RCH 2OH Mi phn ca X (coi nh em oxi ha 0,04 mol ancol ): n axit = 2nH2 - 0,04 = 0,045 0,04 = 0,005 mol Nu RCHO khc HCHO => n andehit = n Ag : 2 = 0,045 > 0,04 => loi => RCHO l HCHO Vy n HCHO = (nAg 2.0,005) : 4 = 0,02 mol (tham gia phn ng trng Ag c c HCOOH na) Vy % m CH3OH b oxi ha = (n axit + n andehit) : n ancol = 0,025 : 0,04 .100% = 62,5% 22.(KB-12) Cho 0,125 mol anehit mch h X phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 27 gam Ag. Mt khc, hiro ho hon ton 0,25 mol X cn va 0,5 mol H2. Dy ng ng ca X c cng thc chung l A. CnH2n(CHO)2 (n 0). B. CnH2n-3CHO (n 2). C. CnH2n+1CHO (n 0). D. CnH2n-1CHO (n 2). 23.(KA-12) Hirat ha 5,2 gam axetilen vi xc tc HgSO4 trong mi trng axit, un nng. Cho ton b cc cht hu c sau phn ng vo mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 thu c 44,16 gam kt ta. Hiu sut phn ng hirat ha axetilen l A. 60%. B. 80%. C. 92%. D. 70%. Ch : Nu xt AXIT CACBOXYLIC L THUYT 1. Cng thc phn t ca mt s axit cacboxylic c vit sau y: (1) CH2O; (2) CH2O2; (3) C2H2O2; (4) C2H4O2; (5) C2H5O4; (6) C3H6O2. Cng thc no vit sai ? ROH RCHO + H 2O 2 Ag

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A. (1), (2), (3). B. (4), (5), (6). C. (1), (3), (5). D. (2), (4), (6). 2. Axit fomic c th tc dng vi tt c cc cht trong dy no sau y? A. Mg, Cu, dung dch NH3, NaHCO3. B. Mg, Ag, CH3OH/H2SO4 c nng. C. Mg, dung dch NH3, dung dch NaCl. D. Mg, dung dch NH3, NaHCO3. 3. C bn hp cht hu c cng thc phn t ln lt l: CH2O, CH2O2, C2H2O3 v C3H4O3. S cht va tc dng vi Na, va tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, va c phn ng trng gng l A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4. 4. Cho dy cc cht: CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H5OH, CH2=CH-COOH, C6H5NH2 (anilin), C6H5OH (phenol), C6H6 (benzen). S cht trong dy phn ng c vi dung dch nc brom l A. 5 B. 7 C. 6 D. 4 +Cl2, to +H2O, OH +CuO, to + AgNO3, NH3 5. Cho s sau: X Y Z T G (axit acrylic). Cc cht X v Z c th l nhng cht c ghi dy no sau y? A. C3H8 v CH3-CH2-CH2-OH. B. C2H6 v CH2=CH-CHO. C. C3H6 v CH2=CH-CHO. D. C3H6 v CH2=CHCH2-OH. 6. Cho cc cht: C2H6, C2H4, CH3CHO, CH3COOCH=CH2. S cht ph hp vi cht X theo s : C2H2 X Y CH3COOH , l A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1. 7.(KB-11) Cho cc pht biu sau: (a) Anehit va c tnh oxi ho va c tnh kh. (b) Phenol tham gia phn ng th brom kh hn benzen. (c) Anehit tc dng vi H2 (d) c xc tc Ni un nng, thu c ancol bc mt. (d) Dung dch axit axetic tc dng c vi Cu(OH)2. (e) Dung dch phenol trong nc lm qu tm ho . (g) Trong cng nghip, axeton c sn xut t cumen. S pht biu ng l A. 4. B. 2. C. 5. D. 3. + X( xt,t o ) + Z(xt,t o ) + M( xt,t o ) 8.(C-11) Cho s phn ng: CH 4 Y T CH 3COOH (X, Z, M l cc cht v c, mi mi tn ng vi mt phng trnh phn ng). Cht T trong s trn l A. C2H5OH. B. CH3COONa. C. CH3CHO. D. CH3OH. H3 O + KCN X Y. 9.(KA-12)* Cho s chuyn ha: CH 3Cl to Cng thc cu to ca X, Y ln lt l: A. CH3NH2, CH3COONH4. B. CH3CN, CH3CHO. C. CH3NH2, CH3COOH. D. CH3CN, CH3COOH. So snh tnh cht 10. Chiu gim dn linh ng ca nguyn t hiro (t tri qua phi) trong nhm -OH ca cc hp cht C6H5OH, C2H5OH, H2O, CH3COOH l A. CH3COOH , H2O, C6H5OH, C2H5OH B. C2H5OH , H2O, CH3COOH, C6H5OH C. C2H5OH, C6H5OH, H2O, CH3COOH D. CH3COOH, C6H5OH, H2O, C2H5OH 11. Cho cc cht sau: C2H5OH, CH3COOH, C6H5OH, C2H5ONa, CH3COONa, C6H5ONa. S cp cht phn ng c vi nhau l A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. 12.(KB-09) Dy gm cc cht c sp xp theo chiu tng dn nhit si t tri sang phi l: A. CH3CHO, C2H5OH, HCOOH, CH3COOHB. CH3COOH, HCOOH, C2H5OH, CH3CHO

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C. HCOOH, CH3COOH, C2H5OH, CH3CHO D. CH3COOH, C2H5OH, HCOOH, CH3CHO 13.(KA-08) Dy gm cc cht c xp theo chiu nhit si tng dn t tri sang phi l: A. CH3CHO, C2H5OH, C2H6, CH3COOH. B. C2H6, C2H5OH, CH3CHO, CH3COOH. C. C2H6, CH3CHO, C2H5OH, CH3COOH. D. CH3COOH, C2H6, CH3CHO, C2H5OH. 14.(KB-07) Cho cc cht: axit propionic (X), axit axetic (Y), ancol (ru) etylic (Z) v imetyl ete (T). Dy gm cc cht c sp xp theo chiu tng dn nhit si l A. T, Z, Y, X. B. T, X, Y, Z. C. Z, T, Y, X. D. Y, T, X, Z. 15.(KB-2010) Phat biu nao sau y ung? A. Khi un C2H5Br vi dung dich KOH chi thu c etilen B. Dung dich phenol lam phenolphtalein khng mau chuyn thanh mau hng C. Day cac cht : C2H5Cl, C2H5Br, C2H5I co nhit si tng dn t trai sang phai D. un ancol etylic 1400C (xuc tac H2SO4 c) thu c imetyl ete 16.(C-09) Cho cc cht HCl (X); C2H5OH (Y); CH3COOH (Z); C6H5OH (phenol) (T). Dy gm cc cht c sp xp theo tnh axit tng dn (t tri sang phi) l : A. X, Z, T, Y B. Y, T, Z, X C. Y, T, X, Z D. T, Y, X, Z 17.(C-07) Cho cc cht sau: phenol, etanol, axit axetic, natri phenolat, natri hiroxit. S cp cht tc dng c vi nhau l A. 4. B. 3. C. 2. D. 1. 18.(C-11)* Dy gm cc cht xp theo chiu lc axit tng dn t tri sang phi l: A. HCOOH, CH3COOH, CH3CH2COOH. B. CH3COOH, HCOOH, (CH3)2CHCOOH. C. C6H5OH, CH3COOH, CH3CH2OH. D. CH3COOH, CH2ClCOOH, CHCl2COOH. 19.(C-11) Cho dy cc cht: etan, etanol, etanal, axit etanoic. Cht c nhit si cao nht trong dy l A. axit etanoic. B. etanol. C. etanal. D. etan. BI TP PHN NG VI KIM *RCOOH + NaOH RCOONa + H2O maxit + mNaOH = mmui + mnc Mol axit = mol H2O = tng khi lng/22 *R(COOH)k + kNaOH R(COONa)k + kH2O k = nNaOH/nnc *Axit + Kim Cht rn + H2O maxit + mNaOH = mmui + mnc; Suy ra nnc 20. Cho 15,0 gam mt axit cacboxylic no, n chc X tc dng vi 150 ml dung dch NaOH 2M, sau phn ng, c cn dung dch thu c 22,5 gam cht rn khan. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. CH3COOH. B. C2H5COOH. C. C3H7COOH. D. HCOOH. 21. Trung ha 12,0 gam hn hp cng s mol gm axit fomic v mt axit hu c n chc X bng NaOH thu c 16,4 gam hai mui. Cng thc ca axit l A. C2H5COOH. B. CH3COOH. C. C2H3COOH. D. C3H7COOH. 22. trung ha 7,4 gam hn hp 2 axit hu c l ng ng ca axit fomic cn 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. Khi lng mui thu c l A. 9,6 gam. B. 6,9 gam. C. 11,4 gam. D. 5,2 gam. 23.(KA-08) Trung ho 5,48 gam hn hp gm axit axetic, phenol v axit benzoic, cn dng 600 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng, thu c hn hp cht rn c khi lng l A. 6,84 gam. B. 4,90 gam. C. 6,80 gam. D. 8,64 gam. 24.(KB-08) Cho 3,6 gam axit cacboxylic no, n chc X tc dng hon ton vi 500 ml dung dch gm KOH 0,12M v NaOH 0,12M. C cn dung dch thu c 8,28 gam hn hp cht rn khan. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C2H5COOH. B. CH3COOH. C. C3H7COOH. D. HCOOH. 25.(KB-07) trung ha 6,72 gam mt axit cacboxylic Y (no, n chc), cn dng 200 gam dung dch NaOH 2,24%. Y l A. C2H5COOH. B. CH3COOH. C. C3H7COOH. D. HCOOH.

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26.(C-09) Trung ho 8,2 gam hn hp gm axit fomic v mt axit n chc X cn 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1,5M. Nu cho 8,2 gam hn hp trn tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO 3/NH3 un nng th thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Tn ca X l A. axit acrylic. B. axit propanoic. C. axit metacrylic. D. axit etanoic. 27.(C-2010) Cho 16,4 gam hn hp X gm 2 axit cacboxylic la ng ng k tip nhau phan ng hoan toan vi 200 ml dung dich NaOH 1M va KOH 1M thu c dung dich Y. C can dung dich Y, thu c 31,1 gam hn hp cht rn khan. Cng thc cua 2 axit trong X la A. C2H4O2 va C3H4O2. B. C2H4O2 va C3H6O2. C. C3H4O2 va C4H6O2. D. C3H6O2 va C4H8O2. PHN NG CHY 28.(KA-11) Trung ha 3,88 gam hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h bng dung dch NaOH, c cn ton b dung dch sau phn ng thu c 5,2 gam mui khan. Nu t chy hon ton 3,88 gam X th th tch oxi (ktc) cn dng l A. 4,48 lt. B. 3,36 lt. C. 2,24 lt. D. 1,12 lt. 29.(KA-11) t chy hon ton x mol axit cacboxylic E, thu c y mol CO 2 v z mol H2O (vi z = y x). Cho x mol E tc dng vi NaHCO3 (d) thu c y mol CO2. Tn ca E l A. axit acrylic. B. axit oxalic. C. axit aipic. D. axit fomic. (Hng dn: do y z = x Loi D; x mol E tc dng vi NaHCO3 (d) thu c y mol CO2 m y = x + z Loi A; Xt B, C th y = 2x s C = 2) 30.(KA-11) t chy hon ton x gam hn hp gm hai axit cacboxylic hai chc, mch h v u c mt lin kt i C=C trong phn t, thu c V lt kh CO 2 (ktc) v y mol H2O. Biu thc lin h gia cc gi tr x, y v V l 28 28 28 28 ( x 30 y ) . ( x 62 y ) ( x + 30 y ) . A. V = B. V = C. V = D. V = ( x + 62 y ) . 55 95 55 95 *Bo ton khi lng: x + moxi = 44V/22,4 + 18y mO = 55V/448 + 9y/8 x/16 *t axit l CnH2n 4O4 2nax = nCO2 - nnc nO(ax) = 2(nCO2 - nnc) = V/11,2 2y * BTNT oxi: kt qu AXIT CACBOXYLIC PHN NG CHY 32.(KA-11) Hn hp X gm axit axetic, axit fomic v axit oxalic. Khi cho m gam X tc dng vi NaHCO3 (d) th thu c 15,68 lt kh CO 2 (ktc). Mt khc, t chy hon ton m gam X cn 8,96 lt kh O2 (ktc), thu c 35,2 gam CO2 v y mol H2O. Gi tr ca y l A. 0,3. B. 0,8. C. 0,2. D. 0,6. NaHCO3 kCO 2 n O(ax) = 2n CO2 = 1,4 mol; BTNT oxi: 1,4 + 0,8 = 1,6 + y y = ) (Hd: R ( COOH ) k 36.(KA-12) Hn hp X gm axit fomic, axit acrylic, axit oxalic v axit axetic. Cho m gam X phn ng ht vi dung dch NaHCO3 thu c 1,344 lt CO2 (ktc). t chy hon ton m gam X cn 2,016 lt O2 (ktc), thu c 4,84 gam CO2 v a gam H2O. Gi tr ca a l A. 1,62. B. 1,44. C. 3,60. D. 1,80. (Hng dn: ging bi 32 ) 33.(KA-11) Ha hi 15,52 gam hn hp gm mt axit no n chc X v mt axit no a chc Y (s mol X ln hn s mol Y), thu c mt th tch hi bng th tch ca 5,6 gam N 2 (o cng trong iu kin nhit , p sut). Nu t chy ton b hn hp hai axit trn th thu c 10,752 lt CO 2 (ktc) . Cng thc cu to ca X, Y ln lt l: A. CH3-CH2-COOH v HOOC-COOH. B. CH3-COOH v HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH. C. H-COOH v HOOC-COOH. D. CH3-COOH v HOOC-CH2-COOH. (Hng dn: nax = 0,2 mol; nCO2 = 0, 48 mol C = 2, 4 loi C; Xt B, D: x + y = 0, 2 x = 0,16 Voi B m = 14,32(loai ) 2 x + 4 y = 0, 48 y = 0, 04 ) x + y = 0, 2 x = 0,12 hoac D m = 15,52(t / m) 2 x + 3 y = 0, 48 y = 0, 08 34.(KB-11)* Hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic no, mch h Y v Z (phn t khi ca Y nh hn

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ca Z). t chy hon ton a mol X, sau phn ng thu c a mol H2O. Mt khc, nu cho a mol X tc dng vi lng d dung dch NaHCO3, th thu c 1,6a mol CO2. Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca Y trong X l A. 46,67%. B. 40,00%. C. 25,41%. D. 74,59%. (Hng dn: nX < nCO2 < 2nX 1 ax n chc, 1 ax 2 chc; H = 2 HCOOH , (COOH ) 2 ) 35.(C-12) Trong phn t axit cacboxylic X c s nguyn t cacbon bng s nhm chc. t chy hon ton mt lng X thu c s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O. Tn gi ca X l A. axit axetic. B. axit malonic.(HOOC-CH2-COOH) C. axit oxalic. D. axit fomic. 37.(KA-12) t chy hon ton 7,6 gam hn hp gm mt axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h v mt ancol n chc (c s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t khc nhau) thu c 0,3 mol CO2 v 0,4 mol H2O. Thc hin phn ng este ha 7,6 gam hn hp trn vi hiu sut 80% thu c m gam este. Gi tr ca m l A. 8,16. B. 4,08. C. 2,04. D. 6,12. (Hd: Ancol no, h, n; nancol = mol H2O - mol CO2 = 0,1 mol; BTKL moxi = 12,8 gam nO = 0,8; BTNT O nO(hh) = 0,2; nO(ax) = 0,1; nax = 0,05 0,05n +0,1n = 0,3 chn n =4; m = 1) 38.(KA-12) Ha hi 8,64 gam hn hp gm mt axit no, n chc, mch h X v mt axit no, a chc Y (c mch cacbon h, khng phn nhnh) thu c mt th tch hi bng th tch ca 2,8 gam N2 (o trong cng iu kin nhit , p sut). t chy hon ton 8,64 gam hn hp hai axit trn thu c 11,44 gam CO2. Phn trm khi lng ca X trong hn hp ban u l A. 72,22%. B. 27,78%. C. 35,25%. D. 65,15%. (Hng dn: Do Y khng phn nhnh Y l axit 2 chc: CnH2n-2O4; nhh = 0,1 C = 2, 6 ; M = 86, 4 MX < 86,4. V MY > 90 X l CH3COOH hoc HCOOH. Xt X l CH3COOH ) 39.(KB-12) Hn hp X gm hai axit cacboxylic n chc. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X cn 0,24 mol O2, thu c CO2 v 0,2 mol H2O. Cng thc hai axit l A. HCOOH v C2H5COOH. B. CH2=CHCOOH v CH2=C(CH3)COOH. C. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH. D. CH3COOH v CH2=CHCOOH. (Hng dn: BTNT oxi tnh c mol CO2 = 0,24 mol > mol H2O chn D) PHN NG ESTE HA 40. Cho mt axit cacboxylic n chc tc dng vi etylen glicol thu c mt este duy nht. Cho 0,1 mol este ny tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH thu c 16,4 gam mui. Axit l A. C2H3COOH. B. CH3COOH. C. C2H5COOH. D. HCOOH. 41.(C-07) un 12 gam axit axetic vi 13,8 gam etanol (c H2SO4 c lm xc tc) n khi phn ng t ti trng thi cn bng, thu c 11 gam este. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l A. 55%. B. 50%. C. 62,5%. D. 75%. 42.(C-08) un nng 6,0 gam CH3COOH vi 6,0 gam C2H5OH (c H2SO4 lm xc tc, hiu sut phn ng este ho bng 50%). Khi lng este to thnh l A. 6,0 gam. B. 4,4 gam. C. 8,8 gam. D. 5,2 gam. 43.(KA-07)* Khi thc hin phn ng este ho 1 mol CH3COOH v 1 mol C2H5OH, lng este ln nht thu c l 2/3 mol. t hiu sut cc i l 90% (tnh theo axit) khi tin hnh este ho 1 mol CH3COOH cn s mol C2H5OH l A. 0,342. B. 2,925. C. 2,412. D. 0,456. 44.(KA-07) Hn hp X gm axit HCOOH v axit CH3COOH (t l mol 1 : 1). Ly 5,3 gam hn hp X tc dng vi 5,75 gam C2H5OH (c xc tc H2SO4 c) thu c m gam hn hp este (hiu sut ca cc phn ng este ho u bng 80%). Tnh m A. 10,12. B. 6,48. C. 8,10. D. 16,20. 45.(KA-2010)* Cho hn hp X gm ancol metylic v hai axit cacboxylic (no, n chc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng) tc dng ht vi Na, gii phng ra 6,72 lt kh H 2 (ktc). Nu un nng hn hp X (c H2SO4 c lm xc tc) th cc cht trong hn hp phn ng va vi nhau to thnh 25 gam hn hp este (gi thit phn ng este ha t hiu sut 100%). Hai axit trong hn hp X l A. HCOOH v CH3COOH. B. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH.

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C. C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH.

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D. C2H7COOH v C4H9COOH. TNG HP 46. Hn hp X gm anehit fomic v anehit axetic. Oxi ho hon ton hn hp X thu c hn hp Y gm hai axit. T khi hi ca Y so vi X l d. Khong gi tr ca d l: A. 0,9<d<1,2 B. 1,5<d<1,8 C. 47. Cho 1 gam axit axetic vo ng nghim th nht v cho 1 gam axit fomic vo ng nghim th hai, sau cho vo c hai ng nghim trn mt lng d CaCO3. Khi phn ng xy ra hon ton th th tch kh CO 2 thu c ( cng nhit , p sut) A. t hai ng nghim bng nhau. B. t ng th nht nhiu hn t ng th hai. C. t ng th hai nhiu hn t ng th nht. D. t c hai ng u ln hn 2,24 lt (ktc). 48.(KA-2010) Hn hp gm 0,1 mol mt axit cacboxylic n chc v 0,1 mol mui ca axit vi kim loi kim c tng khi lng l 15,8 gam. Tn ca axit trn l A. axit propanoic. B. axit metanoic. C. axit butanoic. D. axit etanoic. 49.(C-07) Cho 5,76 gam axit hu c X n chc, mch h tc dng ht vi CaCO3 thu c 7,28 gam mui ca axit hu c. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. CH2=CH-COOH B. CH3-CH2-COOH C. HCC-COOH D. CH3COOH 50.(C-08) Cho hn hp gm 0,1 mol HCHO v 0,1 mol HCOOH tc dng vi lng d AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3, un nng. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng Ag to thnh l A. 43,2 gam. B. 10,8 gam. C. 64,8 gam. D. 21,6 gam. 51.(KB-09) Hn hp X gm axit Y n chc v axit Z hai chc (Y, Z c cng s nguyn t cacbon). Chia X thnh hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn mt tc dng ht vi Na, sinh ra 4,48 lt kh H 2 ( ktc). t chy hon ton phn hai, sinh ra 26,4 gam CO 2. Cng thc cu to thu gn v phn trm v khi lng ca Z trong hn hp X ln lt l A. HOOC-CH2-COOH v 70,87%. B. HOOC-COOH v 60,00%. C. HOOC-CH2-COOH v 54,88%. D. HOOC-COOH v 42,86%. (Hng dn: mol H2 = 0,2; 0,2 < nX < 0,4 1,5 < C < 3 C1 = C2 = C = 2 ) 52.(KB-09)* Cho 0,04 mol mt hn hp X gm CH 2=CH-COOH, CH3COOH v CH2=CH-CHO phn ng va vi dung dch cha 6,4 gam brom. Mt khc, trung ho 0,04 mol X cn dng va 40 ml dung dch NaOH 0,75 M . Khi lng ca CH2=CH-COOH trong X l A. 1,44 gam B. 2,88 gam C. 0,72 gam D. 0,56 gam 53.(KB-2010) Hn hp Z gm hai axit cacboxylic n chc X v Y (M X > MY) c tng khi lng l 8,2 gam. Cho Z tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, thu c dung dch cha 11,5 gam mui. Mt khc, nu cho Z tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO 3 trong NH3, thu c 21,6 gam Ag. Cng thc v phn trm khi lng ca X trong Z l A. C3H5COOH v 54,88%. B. C2H3COOH v 43,90%. C. C2H5COOH v 56,10%. D. HCOOH v 45,12%. (Hng dn: Y l HCOOH (0,2 mol) X l RCOOH (3,6 gam); nZ = (11,5 8,2) : 22 =0,15 mol) 54.(C-11) Hai cht hu c X, Y c thnh phn phn t gm C, H, O (M X < MY < 82). C X v Y u c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng bc v u phn ng c vi dung dch KHCO 3 sinh ra kh CO2. T khi hi ca Y so vi X c gi tr l A. 1,47. B. 1,61. C. 1,57. D. 1,91 (Hng dn: X l HCOOH; Y l HOOC - CHO) 55.(C-12) Cho dung dch cha m gam hn hp gm phenol (C6H5OH) v axit axetic tc dng va vi nc brom, thu c dung dch X v 33,1 gam kt ta 2,4,6-tribromphenol. Trung ha hon ton X cn va 500 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Gi tr ca m l A. 33,4. B. 21,4. C. 24,8. D. 39,4. 2HBr + CO2 56.(C-12) Cho phn ng ha hc: Br2 + HCOOH Lc u nng ca HCOOH l 0,010 mol/l, sau 40 giy nng ca HCOOH l 0,008 mol/l. Tc
23 15 <d< 11 15

D.

38 31 <d< 30 23

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trung bnh ca phn ng trong khong thi gian 40 giy tnh theo HCOOH l A. 5,0.10-5 mol/(l.s). B. 2,5.10-5 mol/(l.s). C. 2,5.10-4 mol/(l.s). D. 2,0.10-4 mol/(l.s). 57.(KA-12)* Dung dch X gm CH3COOH 0,03M v CH3COONa 0,01M. Bit 25oC, Ka ca CH3COOH l 1,75.10-5, b qua s phn li ca nc. Gi tr pH ca dung dch X 25oC l A. 4,28. B. 4,04. C. 4,76. D. 6,28. -5 [CH 3COOH ].K a 0, 03.1, 75.10 + = 5, 25.10-5 ) (Hng dn: Cch 1: Bi ton 3 dng; Cch 2: [ H ] = CH 3COO 0, 01

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