PHNG PHP GII BI TON KIM LOI TC DNG DUNG DCH MUI

A. NI DUNG PHNG PHP: 1. iu kin kim loi M y c kim loi X ra khi dung dch mui ca n: nM(r) + mXn+ (dd) nMm+ (dd) + mX(r) - Kim loi M phi ng trc X trong dy th in cc chun. - C M v X u khng tc dng vi nc nhit thng. - Mui tham gia phn ng v mui to thnh phi l mui tan thu cht rn sau phn ng ch cha kim loi. - Khi lng cht rn tng : m tng = mX to ra mM tan. Khi lng cht rn gim : m gim = mM tan mX to ra. Khi lng cht rn tng bng khi lng dung dch gim. - Nhng trng hp c bit: + Nu M l kim loi kim, kim th (Ca, Ba, Sr) th kim loi M s tc dng vi nc trc (kh H+ ca nc) to H2 v dung dch baz kim, sau l phn ng trao i gia mui v dung dch kim. VD : Khi cho t t kim loi Ba vo dung dch Cu(NO3)2: kim loi Ba s tc dng vi nc trc, sau Ba(OH)2 tc dng dung dch mui. Lc ta s khng thu c kim loi t do. Ba(OH)2 + H2 Ba + 2H2O + Cu(NO3)2 Ba(NO3)2 + Cu(OH)2 Ba(OH)2 + Khi hn hp kim loi tc dng vi hn hp dung dch mui th phn ng xy ra theo th t u tin: kim loi c tnh kh mnh nht tc dng vi ion kim loi c tnh oxi ha mnh nht

2. Cc dng bi tp: 2.1 Dng I: Mt kim loi y mt ion kim loi khc. iu kin kim loi X y c kim loi Y ra khi dung dch mui ca Y: - X l kim loi khng tc dng vi nc iu kin thng. - X phi ng trc Y trong dy in ha. - Mui ca kim loi Y phi tan trong nc. V d: Xt phn ng khi cho bt Cu vo dung dch AgNO3: Cu + 2Ag+ Cu2+ + 2Ag Phn ng trn lun xy ra v: Cu c tnh kh mnh hn Ag v Ag+ c tnh oxi ha mnh hn Cu2+. Phn ng khi cho bt Fe vo dung dch MgSO4 khng xy ra v Fe ng sau Mg trong dy in ha. Ch : Khng c ly cc kim loi kim (Na, K, ...) v kim th (Ca, Sr, Ba) mc d chng ng trc nhiu kim loi nhng khi cho vo nc th s tc dng vi nc trc to ra mt baz, sau s thc hin phn ng trao i vi mui to hiroxit (kt ta). Bi tp p dng: Bi 1.1: Ngm 1 ci inh st sch trong 200ml dung dch CuSO4. Sau khi phn ng kt thc, ly inh st ra khi dung dch, ra nh bng nc ct ri sy kh, em cn thy khi lng inh st tng 0,8g so vi trc phn ng. Nng dung dch CuSO4 dng l: Hng dn: Khi ngm inh st vo dung dch CuSO4 ta c phn ng (gi s Fe tham gia l x mol) + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cubm vo Fetan x (mol) x (mol) m inh st tng = mCubm vo mFetan = 0,8 gam [CuSO4] = 0,5M. Bi 1.2: Nhng mt thanh kim loi M ha tr II vo dung dch CuSO4 d. Sau phn ng, khi lng thanh kim loi gim 0,24 gam. Cng thanh kim loi nu nhng vo dung dch AgNO3 d th khi phn ng xong khi lng thanh kim loi tng 0,52 gam. Gi s s mol kim loi M tc dng hai phn ng l nh nhau. Xc nh kim loi M dng. Hng dn:

S mol kim loi M tc dng hai phn ng l nh nhau l x mol. - Phn ng 1 : M2+ + Cu M + Cu2+ x (mol) x (mol) Khi lng thanh M gim: m gim = mM tan mCu to ra xM 64x = 0,24 gam x( M 64) = 0,24 (I) - Phn ng 2 : M2+ + 2Ag M + 2Ag+ x (mol) 2x (mol) Khi lng thanh M tng: m tng = mAg to ra mM tan. 2x.108 xM = 0,52 gam x(216 M) = 0,52 (II) Ta ly (I) : (II) M = 112 M l Cd Bi 1.3: Cho m gam Mg vo dung dch cha 0,12 mol FeCl3. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu 3,36 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l bao nhiu? Hng dn : Theo dy in ha th ta c phn ng gia Mg v Fe3+ l: 2Fe2+ + Mg2+ Mg + 2Fe3+ Nu phn ng Mg v FeCl3 xy ra va th sau phn ng khng thu c kim loi (cht rn) nn Mg phi d (gi s nMg ban u l x mol). V Mg d nn xy ra 2 phn ng: Mg + 2Fe3+ 2Fe2+ + Mg2+ (III) 2+ 2+ Mg + Fe (IV) Mg + Fe Ta c th chia bi ton thnh 2 trng hp: + Phn ng III v IV xy ra hon ton, c ngha l Mg vn cn d sau khi tc dng vi Fe2+, cht rn thu c bao gm Fe to thnh v Mg d. 2Fe2+ + Mg2+ Mg + 2Fe3+ 0,06 (mol) 0,12 (mol) 0,12 (mol) 0,06 (mol) Mg2+ + Fe Mg + Fe2+ 0,12 (mol) 0,12 (mol) 0,12 (mol) 0,12 (mol) Cht rn gm Fe to thnh 0,12 mol v Mg d x (0,06 + 0,12) 0,12.56 + (x 0,18).24 = 3,36 x = 0,04 mol (v l) + Phn ng III xy ra hon ton, phn ng IV xy ra mt phn v Fe2+ d, nn cht rn sau phn ng l 3,36g chnh l khi lng Fe to thnh. Nn nFe = 3,36/56 = 0,06 mol nMg tham gia (IV) l 0,06 mol nMg phng trnh (III) v (IV) chnh l nMg ban u = 0,06 + 0,06 = 0,12 mol. Vy, m = 0,12.24 = 2,88 gam. Bi 1.4 : Cho 0,56 gam Fe vo 100ml dung dch AgNO3 0,4M, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu m gam cht rn. Tnh gi tr ca m: Nhn xt : Fe2+ + 2Ag Fe + 2Ag+ Nu sau phn ng, Ag+ cn d, th tip tc xy ra phn ng: + Ag+ Fe3+ + Ag Fe2+ Cht rn thu c chnh l Ag c 2 phn ng. p s: 3,24 gam 2.2 Dng II: Cho mt kim loi X vo dung dch cha hai mui ca hai ion kim loi Yn+ v Zm+. Nguyn tc : Cho X kim loi tc dng vi dung dch hn hp hai mui ca hai ion kim loi Yn+ v Zm+ ion kim loi no trong dung dch mui tnh oxi mnh hn s tc dng vi kim loi X trc, khi ion kim loi c tnh oxi ha mnh hn tc dng ht th ion kim loi c tnh oxi ha yu hn s tc dng vi kim loi X. - n gin trong tnh ton, ta ch xt trng hp X ng trc Y v Z, ngha l kh c c hai ion Yn+ v Zm+ (Y ng trc Z). - Do Zm+ c tnh oxi ha mnh hn Yn+ nn X phn ng vi Zm+ trc: mXq+ + qZ (q l ha tr ca X) (V) mX + qZm+ Nu sau phn ng (V) cn d X th c phn ng:

nX + qYn+ nXq+ + qY (VI) Vy, cc trng hp xy ra sau khi phn ng kt thc: + Nu dung dch cha 3 ion kim loi (Xq+, Yn+ v Zm+) th khng c phn ng (VI) xy ra, tc l kim loi X ht v ion Zm+ cn d. + Nu dung dch cha hai ion kim loi (Xq+, Yn+) th phn ng (V) xy ra xong (tc ht Zm+), phn ng (2) xy ra cha xong (d Yn+), tc l X ht. + Nu dung dch ch cha ion kim loi (Xq+) th phn ng (V), (VI) xy ra hon ton, tc l cc ion Yn+ v Zm+ ht, cn X ht hoc d. Ch : - Nu bit s mol ban u ca X, Yn+ v Zm+ th ta thc hin th t nh trn. - Nu bit c th s mol ban u ca Yn+ v Zm+ nhng khng bit s mol ban u ca X, th: + Khi bit khi lng cht rn D (gm cc kim loi kt ta hay d), ta ly hai mc so snh: Mc 1: Va xong phn ng (V), cha xy ra phn ng (VI). Z kt ta ht, Y cha kt ta, X tan ht. mCht rn = mZ = m1 Mc 2: Va xong phn ng (V) v phn ng (VI), Y v Z kt ta ht, X tan ht. mCht rn = mZ + mY = m2 Ta tin hnh so snh khi lng cht rn D vi m1 v m2 Nu mD < m1: Z kt ta mt phn, Y cha kt ta. Nu m1 < mD < m2 : Z kt ta ht, Y kt ta mt phn Nu mD > m2 : Y v Z kt ta ht, d X. Bi tp p dng: Bi 2.1: Cho 14 gam bt Fe vo 400ml dung dch X gm AgNO3 0,5M v Cu(NO3)2 0,125M. Khuy nh, cho n khi phn ng kt thc thu c dung dch Y v m gam cht rn khng tan. Tnh gi tr m: Hng dn: nFe = 0,25 mol; nAgNO3 = 0,2 mol; nCu(NO3)2 = 0,05 mol. Gia Ag+ v Cu2+ th Ag+ c tnh oxi ha mnh hn Cu2+, nn Ag+ tham gia phn ng vi Fe trc, sau khi Ag+ tham gia phn ng ht nu cn d Fe th Cu2+ mi tip tc tham gia. Fe2+ +2Ag (VII) Fe + 2Ag+ + nFe = 0,25 mol; nAg = 0,2 mol Fe d sau phn ng (VII) Fe2+ +2Ag Fe + 2Ag+ 0,1 (mol) 0,2 (mol) 0,1 (mol) 0,2 (mol) Sau phn ng (VII) ta c: nFe cn = 0,25 0,1 = 0,15 mol, Ag to thnh = 0,2 mol. Fe + Cu2+ Fe2+ + Cu (VIII) 2+ nFe = 0,15 mol; nCu = 0,05 mol Fe vn cn d sau phn ng (VIII) Fe2+ + Cu Fe + Cu2+ 0,05 (mol) 0,05 (mol) 0,05 (mol) 0,05 (mol) Vy, sau phn ng (VII) v (VIII), cht rn thu c gm nAg = 0,2 mol; nCu = 0,05 mol v nFe d = 0,25 (0,1 + 0,05) = 0,1 mol. Nn ta c gi tr ca m = mAg + mCu + mFe d = 0,2.108 + 0,05.64 + 0,1.56 = 30,4 gam. Bi 2.2: Cho m gam bt Mg vo 500 ml dung dch hn hp AgNO3 0,2M v Cu(NO3)2 0,3M, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu 17,2 gam cht rn B v dung dch C. Gi tr ca m l: Nhn xt : - Mg s tc dng vi AgNO3 trc, sau khi AgNO3 ht th Mg mi phn ng vi Cu(NO3)2. - V cha bit khi lng Mg tham gia l bao nhiu, nn bi ton ny ta phi chia ra cc trng hp: + Mg tham gia va vi AgNO3, Cu(NO3)2 cha tham gia, cht rn thu c l Ag tnh c gi tr m1 . + AgNO3, Cu(NO3)2 tham gia ht, Mg phn ng va , cht rn tham gia gm Ag, Cu c gi tr l m2 . Nu khi lng cht rn trong 2 trng hp nm trong khong m1 < 17,2 < m2 (t d kin bi, tnh ton gi tr m1, m2) c ngha l Ag+ tham gia phn ng ht, Cu2+ tham gia mt phn. p s : m = 3,6gam.

2.3 Dng 3: Hai kim loi X, Y vo mt dung dch cha mt ion Zn+. Nguyn tc : Cho hn hp kim loi X v Y khng tan trong nc (gi s tnh kim loi X mnh hn Y) vo dung dch cha mui ca cation Zn+, v X c tnh kh mnh hn Y nn X s tc dng vi Zn+ trc, nu X ht m Zn+ cn d, lc Y mi tc dng c vi Zn+. - Nu khng bit s mol ban u ca X, Y, Zn+, th ta vn p dng phng php chung bng cch chia ra tng trng hp mt, lp phng trnh ri gii. - Nu bit c s mol ban u ca X, Y nhng khng bit s mol ban u ca Zn+, th ta p dng phng php dng 2 mc so snh. Nu ch c X tc dng vi Zn+ mcht rn = m1. Nu c X, Y tc dng vi Zn+ (khng d Zn+) mcht rn =m2 Nu X tc dng ht, Y tc dng mt phn m1 < mcht rn < m2. Bi tp p dng: Bi 3.1 : Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm 8,4 gam Fe v 6,4 gam Cu vo 350 ml dung dch AgNO3 2M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l bao nhiu? Nhn xt : - V Fe c tnh kh mnh hn Cu, nn Fe s tc dng vi Ag+ trc, nu Ag+ cn d mi tc dng vi Cu. - Bi ton tr thnh bi ton lng d, so snh tng s mol s bit c cht rn thu gm nhng kim loi no. - Lu rng nu Ag+ vn cn d, dung dch sau phn ng cn Fe2+ th c thm phn ng: Fe3+ + Ag Ag+ + Fe2+ p s: 70,2 gam Bi 3.2: Cho m gam hn hp bt gm Zn v Fe vo lng d dung dch CuSO4. Sau khi phn ng kt thc, lc b phn dung dch thu m gam bt rn. Thnh phn % ca Zn trong hn hp u. Nhn xt : - V d lng d dung dch CuSO4 nn sau phn ng Zn v Fe tham gia phn ng ht. - Cht rn c gi tr m gam sau phn ng ch c th l Cu. Hng dn: Gi a, B ln lt l s mol Zn v Fe Zn2+ + Cu Zn + Cu2+ a (mol) a (mol) Fe2+ + Cu Fe + Cu2+ b (mol) b (mol) V khi lng cht rn trc v sau phn ng u c gi tr l m nn ta c: mZn + mFe = mCu 65a + 56b = 64(a +b) a = 8b % Zn = (65a x 100)/(65a + 56b) (thay a = 8b) % Zn = 90,27% Bi 3.3: Cho 1,36g hn hp gm Fe v Mg vo 400ml dung dch CuSO4. Sau khi phn ng xong thu c 1,84g rn B v dung dch C. Thm NaOH d vo dung dch C th thu c kt ta. Nung kt ta ngoi khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c 1,2g cht rn D. Tnh % mi kim loi trong A v nng mol dung dch CuSO4 dng. Nhn xt : - Fe c tnh kh yu hn Mg nn Mg s tham gia phn ng vi Cu2+ trc, nu Mg ht m Cu2+ cn d th Fe mi tc dng. - i vi Fe(OH)2 nung ngoi khng kh th ra Fe2O3, cn nung trong chn khng ra FeO. - Ta nhn thy : nu Fe v Mg tham gia phn ng ht m mFe + mMg = 1,36gam mFe2O3 + mMgO = 1,2 gam v l loi trng hp ny Ta xt 2 trng hp Mg ht, Fe cha tham gia v trng hp Mg ht, Fe tham gia mt phn Hng dn: Mg2+ +Cu Mg + Cu2+ 2+ 2+ Fe +Cu Fe + Cu * Trng hp 1: ch c Mg phn ng, Fe cha tham gia (Cu2+ ht):

m tng = 1,84 1,36 = 0,48 Gi nMg tham gia phn ng l a (mol) 64a 24a = 0,48 a = 0,012 (mol) nh lut bo ton nguyn t ta c: Mg MgSO4 Mg(OH)2 MgO 0,012 (mol) 0,012 (mol) khi lng cht rn thu sau khi nung chnh l khi lng MgO m=0,012 x 40=0,48 < 1,2 ( v l ) * Trng hp 1: Mg tham gia phn ng ht ht v Fe tham gia phn ng mt phn (Cu2+ ht): Gi nMg = a (mol); nFe tham gia phn ng = b (mol); n Fe d = c (mol). Ta c : 24a + (b + c)56 = 1,36 Hn hp rn B gm (a+b) mol Cu v c mol Fe d: 64(a + b) + 56 c = 1,84 nh lut bo ton nguyn t ta c: Mg MgSO4 Mg(OH)2 MgO a (mol) a (mol) 2Fe 2FeSO4 2Fe(OH)2 Fe2O3 b (mol) b/2 (mol) 40a + 160.b/2 = 1,2 Gii h 3 phng trnh trn ta thu c a = b = c = 0,01 (mol) % mi kim loi. 2.4 Dng 4: Hai kim loi X, Y cho vo dung dch cha 2 ion kim loi Zn+, Tm+ (X, Y ng trc Z, Gi s X > Y, Zn+ > Tm+, ta xt cc trng hp sau: Trng hp 1: Nu bit s mol ban u ca X, Y, Zn+, Tm+, ta ch cn tnh s mol theo th t phn ng. X + Tm+ ... X + Zn+ ... (nu d X, ht Tm+) Y + Tm+ ... (nu ht X, d Tm+) Trng hp 2: Nu khng bit s mol ban u, da trn s ion tn ti trong dung dch sau phn ng d on cht no ht, cht no cn. V d: Nu dung dch cha ba ion kim loi (Xa+, Yb+, Zn+) Ht Tm+, ht X, Y (cn d Zn+), ... th ta s dng phng php tnh sau y: Tng s electron cho bi X, Y = tng s electron nhn bi Zn+, Tm+. Bi tp p dng: Bi 4.1 : Cho hn hp 1,2 mol Mg v x mol Zn vo dung dch cha 2 mol Cu2+ v 1 mol Ag+ n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c mt dung dch cha 3 ion kim loi. Xc nh gi tr ca x tha mn: A. 1,8 B. 1,5 C. 1,2 D. 2,0 Hng dn: Dung dch sau phn ng cha 3 ion kim loi th ch c th cha : Mg2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ - ne cho = (2,4 + 2x) mol v ne nhn = 1 + 2.2 = 5 mol - Yu cu bi ton tha mn khi ne cho < ne nhn hay (2,4 + 2x) < 5 x < 1,3 x =1,2 p n C Bi 4.2: Mt hn hp X gm Al v Fe c khi lng l 8,3 gam. Cho X vo 1 lit dung dch Y cha AgNO3 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,2M. Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c cht rn Z v dung dch T (khng cn mu xanh Cu2+). Cho cht rn Z tc dng vi dung dch HCl th khng thy kh thot ra. Khi lng cht rn Z v % khi lng ca Al trong X l bao nhiu? Nhn xt : - Al c tnh kh mnh hn Fe, Ag+ c tnh oxi ha mnh hn Cu2+ nn Al s tc dng vi Ag+ trc v phn ng c tip tc xy ra. - Dung dch sau phn ng khng thy mu xanh chng t Cu2+ ht (Ag+ ht) Cht rn sau phn ng khng tc dng vi dung dch HCl, c ngha l trong cht rn Z ch c Ag v Cu sinh ra; Al, Fe tham gia phn ng ht. Vy, cc cht u tham gia phn ng va vi nhau. p dng nh lut bo ton electron, vit cc bn phn ng, ta s ra c p s. T).

B. BI TP TRC NGHIM : Cu 1 : Cho cc kim loi sau : Al, Ag, Cu, Zn v Ni. S kim loi y c Fe ra khi dung dch mui Fe(III): A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 Cu 2 : Cho c mol Mg vo dung dch cha ng thi a mol Zn(NO3)2 v b mol AgNO3. iu kin cn v dung dch sau phn ng ch cha mt mui : A. 2c > b + 2a B. 2c a + 2b C. c b/2 + a D. c a + b Cu 3: Cho m gam Fe vo 100ml dung dch Cu(NO3)2 th nng ca Cu2+ cn li trong dung dch bng nng Cu2+ ban u v thu c cht rn A c khi lng bng (m + 0,16) gam. Tnh nng ban u ca Cu(NO3)2 (phn ng hon ton) A. 0,4M B. 0,2M. C. 0,3M. D. 0,15M. Cu 4 : Ngm 1 l Zn trong dung dch c ha tan 4.16g CdSO4. Phn ng xong khi lng l Zn tng 2.35%, hi khi lng l Zn trc phn ng l bao nhiu A. 20g. B. 40g. C. 25g. D. 50g. Cu 5: Nhng thanh kim loi Zn vo dung dch cha hn hp 3,2g CuSO4 v 6,24g CdSO4. Hi sau khi Cu v Cd b y hon ton khi dung dch th khi lng thanh km tng hay gim bao nhiu gam. A. tng 2,54g. B. gim 2,54g. C. tng 1,39g. D. gim 1,39g. Cu 6 : Nhng 2 thanh kim loi R ho tr II c khi lng bng nhau vo dung dch CuSO4, sau 1 thi gian ly thanh kim loi ra thy Khi lng gim 0,05%. Mt khc, nhng thanh kim loi trn vo dung dch Pb(NO3)2, sau 1 thi gian thy khi lng tng 7,1% . S mol R tham gia 2 trng hp l nh nhau. R l: A. Cd. B. Mg. C. Fe. D. Zn. Cu 7 : Nhng mt thanh kim loi M ha tr II nng m gam vo dung dch Fe(NO3)2 th khi lng thanh kim loi gim 6% so vi ban u, cn nu nhng thanh kim loi trn vo dung dch AgNO3 th khi lng thanh kim loi tng 25% so vi ban u. Bit s mol ca Fe(NO3)2 gp i s mol ca AgNO3 v kim loi sinh ra bm ht vo thanh kim loi M. M l: A. Pb. B. Ni. C. Cd. D. Zn. Cu 8 : Ha tan hn hp hai mui CuCl2 v AgCl vo 121,5 gam nc th thu c dung dch A c C% = 10%. Nhng Al vo dd A sau phn ng ly thanh nhm ra cn thy chnh lch 2% so vi lc u. Tm m ca thanh nhm tng sau phn ng : D. B v C ng. A. 4,6 g. B. 2,3 g. C. Fe3O4. Cu 9 : Ha tan 3,82 gam hn hp CuCl2 v Cu(NO3)2 vo nc thu c dung dch X. Cho thanh Mg vo dung dch X n khi mu xanh bin mt hon ton ly thanh Mg ra, ra nh v sy kh thy khi lng thanh Mg tng 0,8 gam. C cn dung dch th thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l: A. 2,56 gam. B. 4,48 gam. C. 2,44 gam. D. 2,48 gam. Cu 10 : Cho m gam Mg vo 100ml dung dch cha CuSO4 0,1M v FeSO4 0,1M sau khi phn ng kt thc ta thu c dung dch A (cha 2 ion kim loi ).Sau khi thm dung dch NaOH d vo dung dch A thu c kt ta B. Nung B ngoi khng kh n khi khi lng khng i thu 1,2 gam .Tnh m A. 0,24 gam. B. 0,36 gam. C. 0,12 gam. D. 0,48 gam. Cu 11: Cho 1,12 gam bt Fe v 0,24 gam bt Mg tc dng vi 250 ml dung dch CuSO4 x (mol/l) khuy nh cho n khi dung dch mt mu xanh thy khi lng kim loi sau phn ng l 1,88g. Gi tr ca x l : A. 0,04. B. 0,06. C. 0,1 D. 0,025 Cu 12 : Nhng 2 bn Zn v Fe vo cng mt dung dch CuSO4, sau mt thi gian ly 2 bn kim loi ra th thy nng mol ca ZnSO4 = 2,5 ln nng mol ca FeSO4 ng thi thy khi lng dung dch gim 0,11 gam. Khi lng Cu bm vo 2 bn kim loi Zn v Fe ln lt l A. 3,2 gam ; 1,28 gam . B. 1,6 gam ; 6,64gam. C. 1,28 gam ; 3,2 gam D. 0,64 gam ; 1,6 gam. Cu 13 : Ho tan m gam hn hp X gm Mg v FeCl3 vo nc ch thu c dung dch Y gm 3 mui v khng cn cht rn. Nu ho tan m gam bng HCl th thu c 2,688 lt H2 (ktc). Dung dch Y c th ho tan va ht 1,12 gam bt st. m c gi tr l: A. 46,82gam. B. 56,42gam. C. 41,88gam. D. 48,38gam. Cu 14 : Cho m(gam) hn hp bt cc kim loi Ni v Cu vo dung dch AgNO3 d.Khuy k cho n khi phn ng kt thc thu c 54 gam kim loi.Mt khc cng cho m(gam) hn hp bt cc kim loi trn vo dung dch CuSO4 u,khuy k cho n khi phn ng kt thc ,thu c kim loi c khi lng bng (m+0,5) gam.Ga tr ca m l:

A. 15,5 gam. B. 16 gam. C. 12,5 gam. D. 18,5 gam. Cu 15: Cho m gam bt Fe vo 800 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO3)2 0,2 M V H2SO4 0,25M.Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c 0,6m gam hn hp bt kim loi v V lt kh N0 (sn phm kh duy nht ktc).Ga tr m v V ln lt l: A. 17,8 v 4,48 B. 17,8 v 2,24 C. 10,8 v 4,48 D. 10,8 v 2,24 Cu 16 : Cho 0,387 gam hn hp A gm Zn v Cu vo dung dch Ag2SO4 c s mol l 0,005 mol. Khuy u ti phn ng hon ton thu c 1,144gam cht rn. Tnh khi lng Zn c trong hn hp trn. A. 0,195 gam. B. 0,2925 gam. C. 0,1625 gam. D. 0,2535 gam. Cu 17 : Cho 4,15 gam hn hp Fe, Al phn ng vi 200ml dung dch CuSO4 0,525M. Khuy k hn hp phn ng xy ra hon ton. em lc kt ta (A) gm hai kim loi nng 7,84 gam v dung dch nc lc (B). ha tan kt ta (A) cn t nht bao nhiu mililit dung dch HNO3 2M, bit phn ng to NO? A 0,18 lit. B 0,36 lit. C 0,42 lit. D. 0,21 lit. Cu 18: Cho hn hp (Y) gm 2,8 gam Fe v 0,81 gam Al vo 200ml dung dch (C) cha AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. Kt thc phn ng thu c dung dch (D) v 8,12 gam cht rn (E) gm ba kim loi. Cho (E) tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, ta thu c 0,672 lt H2 (ktc). Nng mol/l AgNO3, Cu(NO3)2 trc khi phn ng ln lt l: A. 0,15M v 0,25M. B. 0,12M v 0,26M. C. 0,35M v 0,42M D. 0,75M v 0,9M Cu 19: Cho hn hp gm Fe v Zn vo dung dch AgNO3 n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X gm hai mui v cht rn Y gm hai kim loi. Hai mui trong X l: B. Zn(NO3)2 v Fe(NO3)2. A. Fe(NO3)3 v Zn(NO3)2. D. Fe(NO3)2 v AgNO3. C. AgNO3 v ZnN(NO3)2. Cu 20: Cho 19,3 gam hn hp bt gm Zn v Cu c t l mol tng ng l 1:2 vo dung dch cha 0,2 mol Fe2(SO4)3. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c m gam kim loi. Gi tr ca m l: A. 12,80. B. 12,00. C. 6,40. D. 16,53. Cu 21: Cho 8,3 gam hn hp X gm Al, Fe (nFe = nAl) vo 100 ml dung dch Y gm Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3. Sau khi phn ng kt thc thu c cht rn A gm 3 kim loi. Ha tan hon ton cht rn A vo dung dch HCl d thy 1,12 lt kh thot ra (ktc) v cn li 28 gam cht rn khng tan B. Nng CM ca Cu(NO3)2 v ca AgNO3 ln lt l: A. 2 M v 1 M. B. 1 M v 2 M. C. 0,2 M v 0,1 M. D. Kt qu khc. Cu 22: Dung dch X gm Cu(NO3)2 v AgNO3 c cng nng . Ly mt lng hn hp gm 0,03 mol Al, 0,05 mol Fe cho vo 100 ml dung dch X cho ti khi phn ng kt thc thu c cht rn Y gm 3 kim loi. Cho Y vo HCl d gii phng 0,07 gam kh. Nng ca hai mui l: A. 0,3 M. B. 0,4 M. C. 0,42 M. D. 0,45 M. Cu 23: Cho Al tc dng vi dung dch B cha AgNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 mt thi gian thu c dung dch X v cht rn Y gm 3 kim loi. Cht chc chn phn ng ht l: C. AgNO3. D. Al v AgNO3. A. Al. B. Cu(NO3)2. Cu 24: Tin hnh hai th nghim sau : - TN 1: Cho m gam bt st d vo V1 lit dung dch Cu(NO3)2 1M. - TN 2: Cho m gam bt st vo V2 lt dung dch AgNO3 1M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton th thy khi lng cht rn thu c hai th nghim l bng nhau. Gi tr V1 so vi V2 l : B. V1 = 10V2. C. V1 = 5V2. D. V1 = 2V2. A. V1 = V2. Cu 25 : Cho 3,78 gam bt Al phn ng va vi dung dch mui XCl3 to thnh dung dch Y. Khi lng cht tan trong dung dch Y gim 4,06 gam so vi dung dch ban u. Xc nh cng thc mui XCl3: B. GaCl3. C. FeCl3. D. CrCl3. A. InCl3. Bin son : Nguyn Hong Qun