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Trng THPT KH
Chng 3
Bi 11: AMIN
I. NH NGHA, PHN LOI, DANH PHP V NG PHN 1. nh ngha Amin l nhng hp cht hu c c to ra khi thay th mt hoc nhiu nguyn t hiro trong phn t NH3 bng mt hoc nhiu gc hirocacbon. Th d: CH3-N-CH3 NH3 ; C6H5NH2 ; CH3NH2 ; | CH3-NH-CH3 CH3 2 . Phan loai Amin c phan loai theo 2 cach thong dung nhat : a. Theo ac iem cau tao cua goc hirocacbon Amin thm (anilin C6H5NH2), amin beo (etylamin ), amin d vong (piroliin NH ) b. Theo bac cua amin Bac cua amin c tnh bang so nguyen t H trong phan t NH3 c thay the bang goc hyro cacbon. R R-NH2 R-NH-R R-N-R amin bac I amin bac II amin bac III 3. Danh php Cch gi tn theo danh php gc-chc : Ankan + v tr + yl + amin Cch gi tn theo danh php thay th : Ankan+ v tr + amin Tn thng thng Ch p dng cho mt s amin nh : C6H5NH2 Anilin ; C6H5-NH-CH3 N-Metylanilin Hp cht CH3NH2 C2H5NH2 CH3CH2CH2NH2 CH3CH(NH2)CH3 Tn gc chc Metylamin Etylamin Prop-1-ylamin (n-propylamin) Prop-2-ylamin (isopropylamin) Phenylamin Metylphenylamin Tn thay th Metanamin Etanamin Propan-1-amin Propan-2-amin
C6H5NH2 Benzenamin C6H5 -NH-CH3 N-Metylbenzenamin 4. ng phn Amin c cc loi ng phn: - ng phn v mch cacbon.; - ng phn v tr nhm chc; - ng phn v bc ca amin. II- TNH CHT VT L - Metylamin, imetylamin, trietylamin va etylamin la nhng chat kh, mui khai kho chu, oc, de tan trong nc.Cac amin ong ang cao hn la nhng chat long hoac ran, o tan trong nc giam dan theo chieu tang cua phan t khoi. - Anilin la chat long, soi 1840C, khong mau, oc, t tan trong nc, tan trong etanol, benzen. e lau trong khong kh, anilin chuyen sang mau nau en v b oxi hoa bi oxi khong kh. III- CU TO PHN T V TNH CHT HA HC - CTCT amin cc bc v anilin:
N H R H
R R
N H
N R R R
N
H H
- Do phn t amin c nguyn t N cn i e cha lin kt nn amin c tnh baz. - Nguyn t N trong phn t amin c s oxi ha -3 nn amin thng d b oxi ha. - Cc amin thm, th d nh anilin, cn d dng tham gia phn ng th vo nhn thm do anh hng cua
Gv : V Phm Nht T
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oi electron cha lien ket nguyen t nit. 1. Tnh cht ca nhm -NH2 a) Tnh baz * CH3NH2 + HCl [CH3NH3]+ClMetylamin Metylaminclorua * Tc dng vi qu hoc phenolphtalein Metylamin Anilin Qu tm Xanh Khng i mu Phenolphtalein Hng Khng i mu * So snh tnh baz : CH3-NH2 >NH3 > C6H5NH2 b) Phn ng vi axit nitr *Ankylamin bc 1 + HNO2 Ancol + N2 + H2O : C2H5NH2 + HO NO C2H5OH + N2 + H2O * Amin thm bc 1 + HONO (to thp) mui iazoni : C6H5NH2+ HONO + HCl C6H5N2+Cl- + 2H2O Phenyliazoni clorua c) Phn ng ankyl ho thay th nguyn t hiro ca nhm -NH2 C6H5N H2 + CH3 I C6H5-NHCH3 + HI Anilin Metyl ioua N-metylanilin 2. Phn ng th nhn thm ca anilin: Phn ng vi nc brom Do nh hng ca nhm -NH 2 nguyn t Br d dng thay th cc nguyn t H v tr 2, 4, 6 trong nhn thm ca phn t anilin.
:NH2
+ 3Br2
Br
NH2
Br
+ 3HBr
Br
IV. NG DNG V IU CH a) Ankylamin c iu ch t amonic v ankyl halogenua NH3 CH3NH2
-HI + CH3I + CH3I -HI Fe + HCl + CH3I -HI
(CH3)2NH (CH3)3N
b) Anilin thng c iu ch bng cch kh nitro benzen bi hiro mi sinh (Fe + HCl) C6H5 NO2 + 6H C6H5 NH2 + 2 H2O t0
Gv : V Phm Nht T
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3. Danh php Tn thay th: axit + (v tr nhm NH2 : 1, 2,) + amino + tn axit cacboxylic tng ng. Tn bn h thng: axit + (v tr nhm NH2: , , , ..) + amino + tn thng thng axit cacboxylic tng ng. Tn thay th Tn bn h thng Tn thng K hiu Cng thc
CH2 -COOH NH2 CH3 - CH - COOH NH2 CH3 - CH CH -COOH CH3 NH2
Axit aminoetanoic Axit 2 - aminopropanoic Axit - 2 amino -3 metylbutanoic Axit - 2 - amino -3(4 hiroxiphenyl)propanoic Axit 2 - aminopentanioic Axit 2,6 - iaminohexanoic
Axit aminoaxetic Axit - aminopropanoic Axit - aminoisovaleric Axit -amino - (p hiroxiphenyl) propionic Axit - aminoglutamic Axit , - iaminocaproic
HO
II- TNH CHT VT L Cc amin axit l cc cht rn khng mu, v hi ngt, nhit nng chy cao, d tan trong nc. III- TNH CHT HA HC 1. Tnh cht axit baz ca dd amino axit a) Mi trrng dd aminoaxit. Xt vi aminoaxit (H2N)xR(COOH)y: - Khi x=y: dd gn nh trung tnh pH =7 - Khi x<y: dd c mi trng axit pH < 7 - Khi x>y: dd c mi trng baz pH > 7 b) Amino axit c tnh lng tnh + Amino axit tc dng vi axit v c mnh -> mui : HOOC CH 2 NH2 + HCl -> HOOC CH2 NH3Cl + Amino axit tc dng vi baz mnh -> mui v nc : NH 2 CH2 COOH + NaOH -> NH2 CH2 COONa +H2O 2. Phn ng este ha nhm COOH khiHCl NH2 CH2 COOH + C2H5OH NH2 CH2 COOC2H5 + H2O 3. Phn ng ca nhm NH2 vi HNO2 NH2 CH2 COOH + HNO2 > HOCH2COOH + N2+H2O 4. Phn ng trng ngng ... +H - NH -[CH2]5CO- OH +H - NH[CH2]5CO - OH +H - NH - [CH2]5CO -OH + . . . - NH - [CH2]5CO - NH - [CH2]5CO - ... + nH2O Hay vt gn l : nH NH [CH2]5CO OH > (- NH [CH2]5CO -)n + nH2O IV- NG DNG - Aminoaxit thin nhin (hu ht l - aminoaxit) l c s kin to nn cc loi protein ca c th sng. - Mt s amino axit c dng ph bin trong i sng nh mui mononatri ca axit glutamic dng lm gia v thc n (gi l m chnh hay bt ngt); axit glutamic l thuc h tr thn kinh, methionin l thuc b gan. - Axit 6 - aminohexanoic v axit 6 - aminoheptanoic l nguyn liu dng sn xut nilon -6 v nilon - 7.
T
A - PEPTIT
I- KHI NIM V PHN LOI
1. Khi nim
- Lien ket cua nhom CO vi nhom NH gia hai n v - amino axit c goi la lien ket peptit. - Peptit la nhng hp chat cha t 2 en 50 goc - amino axit lien ket vi nhau
Gv : V Phm Nht T
bang cac lien ket peptit. 2 . Phan loai
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Cac peptit c chia lam 2 loai : a. Oligopeptit gom cac peptit co t 2 en 10 goc - amino axit va c goi tng ng la ipeptit, tripeptit,... ecapeptit. b. Polipeptit gom cac peptit co t 11 en 50 goc - amino axit. Popipeptit la c s tao nen protein II. CU TO, NG PHN V DANH PHP 1. Cu to - Phn t peptit hp thnh t cc gc - amino axit ni vi nhau bi lin kt peptit theo mt trt t nht nh : amino axit u N cn nhm NH2, amino axit u C ca nhm COOH. H2NCH CONHCHCONHCHCO....NHCHCOOH R1 R2 R3 Rn u N Lin kt peptit u C 2. ng phn, danh php - Mi phn t peptit gm mt s xc nh cc gc - amino axit lin kt vi nhau theo mt trt t nghim nght. Vic thay i trt t s dn ti cc peptit ng phn. Th d : H2NCH2 CONHCHCOOH ; H2NCHCONHCH2 COOH CH3 CH 3 - Nu phn t peptit cha n gc - amino axit khc nhau th so ong phan loai peptit se la n! - Ten cua cac peptit c hnh thanh bang cach ghep ten goc axyl cua cac amino axit bat au t au N, roi ket thuc bang ten cua axit au C (c gi nguyen) III- TNH CHT 1. Tnh cht vt l : Cc peptit thng th rn, c nhit nng chy cao v d tan trong nc. 2. Tnh cht ha hc : Do peptit c cha cc lin kt peptit nn n c hai phn ng in hnh l phn ng thy phn v phn ng mu biure. a. Phn ng mu biure : Dd peptit ho tan Cu(OH)2 to ra dd phc cht c mu tm c trng. ipeptit ch c mt lin kt peptit nn khng c phn ng ny. b. Phn ng thy phn Peptit b thy phn thnh hn hp cc - amino axit khi un nng dung dch peptit vi axit hoc kim H2NCH CONHCHCONHCHCO....NHCHCOOH R1 R2 R3 Rn H ,t + nH2O H2NCHCOOH +H2NCHCOOH R1 R2 + H2NCHCOOH+.... + H2N CH COOH R3 Rn
+ 0
I- KHAI NIEM VA PHAN LOAI Protein la nhng polipeptit. cao phan t co phan t khoi t vai chuc nghn en vai trieu. Protein co vai tro la nen tang ve cau truc va chc mang cua moi c the song. Protein c phan thanh 2 loai : - Protein n gian la nhng protein c tao thanh ch t cac goc - amino axit.
B- PROTEIN
- Protein phc tap la nhng protein c tao thanh t protein n gian cong vi thanh phan phi protein, nh axit nucleic, lipit, cacbohirat,... II- S LC V CU TRC PHN T PROTEIN
-PT protein c cau tao t mot hay nhieu chuoi polipeptit ket hp vi nhau hoac vi
Gv : V Phm Nht T
Trng THPT KH
cac thanh phan phi protein khac. - Cac phan t protein khac nhau ve ban chat cac mat xch - amino axit, so lng va trat t sap xep cua chung, nen trong cac sinh vat t khoang tren 20 - amino axit thien nhien a tao ra mot lng rat ln cac protein khac nhau. - ac tnh sinh l cua protein phu thuoc vao cau truc cua chung. Co bon bac cau truc cua phan t protein : cau truc bac I, bac II, bac III va bac IV. III. TNH CHT CA PROTEIN 1. Tnh cht vt l ca protein Dng tn ti: protein tn ti 2 dng chnh l dng si v dng hnh cu. Tnh tan ca protein khc nhau: protein hnh si khng tan trong nc, protein hnh cu tan trong nc. - S ng t : khi un nng, hoc cho axit, baz, mt s mui vo dung dch protein, protein s ng t li, tch ra khi dung dch. 2. Tnh cht ho hc ca protein a) Phn ng thu phn Trong mi trng axit hoc baz, protein b thu phn thnh cc aminoaxit.
H2N CH CO NH CH CO NH CH CO .... NH CH COOH + (n 1) H2O R1 R2 R3 Rn H2N CH COOH + H2N CH COOH + H2N CH COOH + .... + H2N CH COOH R1 R2 R3 Rn
hay enzim
+ 2H2O
Gv : V Phm Nht T
Trng THPT KH
BI TP TRC NGHIM AMIN- AMINO AXIT- PROTEIN CU HI 1/ Hp chat CH 3 N(CH 3 ) CH 2CH 3 co ten la: A Trimetylmetanamin B imetyletanamin C. N-imetyletanamin D. N,Nimetyletanamin 2/ ng vi cng thc C3H9N c s ng phn amin l : A. 3 B . 4 C. 5 D. 6 3/ ng vi cong thc C4H11N co so ong phan amin bac 2 la : A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 4/ ng vi cng thc C5H13N c s ng phn amin bc 3 l : A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 5/ ng vi cong thc C7H9N co so ong phan amin cha vong benzen la : A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 6/ Anilin (C6H5NH2) v phenol (C6H5OH) u c phn ng vi : A dd HCl B dd NaOH C nc Br2 D dd NaCl 7/ Aminoaxit nao sau ay co hai nhom amino. A Axit Glutamit B Lysin C Alanin D Valin 8/ Mt amino axit c cng thc phn t l C4H9NO2. S ng phn amino axit l A 3 B 4 C 5 D 9/ Hp chat A co cong thc phan t CH 6N2O3. A tac dung c vi KOH tao ra mot baz va cac chat vo c. Cong thc cau tao cua A la: + A H2N COO NH3OH B CH3NH 3 NO 3 . C.HONHCOONH4. D.H2NCHOHNO2 10/ Peptit c cng thc cu to nh sau: H 2 N CH CO NH CH 2 CO NH CH COOH
CH 3 CH(CH 3 ) 2 Tn gi ng ca peptit trn l: A AlaAlaVal B AlaGlyVal C.Gly Ala Gly D. GlyValAla 11/ Cong thc nao sau ay cua pentapeptit (A) thoa ieu kien sau: + Thuy phan hoan toan 1 mol A th thu c cac - amino axit la: 3 mol Glyxin , 1 mol Alanin, 1 mol Valin. + Thuy phan khong hoan toan A, ngoai thu c cac amino axit th con thu c 2 i peptit: Ala-Gly; Gly- Ala va 1 tripeptit Gly-Gly-Val. A Ala-Gly-Gly-Gly-Val B. Gly-Gly-Ala-Gly-Val C. Gly-Ala-Gly-Gly-Val D.Gly-Ala-Gly-Val-Gly 12/ Thu phn khng hon ton tetra peptit (X), ngoi cc -amino axit cn thu c cc i petit: Gly-Ala; Phe-Va; AlaPhe. Cu to no l ng ca X. A Val-Phe-Gly-Ala B Ala-Val-Phe-Gly C Gly-Ala-Val-Phe D. Gly-Ala-Phe-Val 13/ Bradikinin co tac dung lam giam huyet ap, o la mot nonapeptit co cong thc la: Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe-Arg Khi thuy phan khong hoan toan peptit nay co the thu c bao nhieu tri peptit ma thanh phan co cha phenyl alanin (phe). A.3 B.4 C.5 D. 6 14/ Cho cc cht sau y: (1) Metyl axetat. (2) Amoni axetat.(3) Glyxin. (4) Metyl amoni fomiat. (5) Metyl amoni nitrat (6) Axit Glutamic. C bao nhiu cht lng tnh trong cc cht cho trn: A.3 B. 4 C.5 D.2 15/Alanin co the phan ng c vi bao nhieu chat trong cac chat cho sau ay: Ba(OH)2; CH3OH; H2N CH2 COOH; HCl, Cu, CH3NH2, C2H5OH, Na2SO4, H2SO4. A 7 B 4 C 5 D 6 + NaOH + HCl 16/Cho s bin ha sau: Alanin X Y Cht Y l cht no sau y: A. CH3-CH(NH2)-COONa B. H2N-CH2-CH2-COOH C. CH3-CH(NH3Cl)COOH D. CH3-H(NH3Cl)COONa 17/Mt - amino axit X ch cha 1 nhm amino v 1 nhm cacboxyl. Cho 10,68 gam X tc dng vi HCl d thu c 15,06 gam mui. X c th l :
Gv : V Phm Nht T
Trng THPT KH
A axit glutamic B valin C glixin D alanin 18/1 mol -aminoaxit X tc dng va ht vi 1 mol HCl to ra mui Y c hm lng clo l 28,287%. Cng thc cu to ca X l A CH3 CH(NH2) COOH B H2N CH2 CH2 COOH C NH2 CH2 COOH D H2N CH2 CH(NH2) COOH 19/ Khi trung ngng 13,1g axit -aminocaproic vi hieu suat 80%, ngoai aminoaxit con d ngi ta thu c m gam polime va 1,44g nc. Gia tr m la A 10,41g B 9,04g C 11,02g D 8,43g 20/ t chy hon ton mt amin no n chc thu c V H2O = 1,5V CO2 . Cng thc phn t ca amin l : A C2H7N B C3H9N C C4H11N D C5H13N 21/ Cho 3,04g hon hp A gom 2 amin no n chc tac dung va u vi 400ml dd HCl 0,2M c 5,96g muoi. Tm the tch N2 (ktc) sinh ra khi ot het hon hp A tren ? A 0,224 lt B 0,448 lt C 0,672 lt D 0,896 lt 22/ Cho 17,7g mt ankylamin tc dng vi dung dch FeCl3 d thu c 10,7g kt ta. Cng thc phn t ca ankylamin l : A. C2H7N B. C3H9N C. C4H11N D. CH5N 23/ Cho 10 gam hn hp gm 3 amin n chc, ng ng k tip nhau tc dng va vi dung dch HCl 1M, ri c cn dung dch th thu c 15,84 gam hn hp mui. Nu trn 3 amin trn theo t l mol 1 : 10 : 5 theo th t phn t khi tng dn th cng thc phn t ca 3 amin l p n no sau y? A CH5N, C2H7N, C3H7NH2 B. C2H7N, C3H9N, C4H11N C C3H9N, C4H11N, C5H11N D. C3H7N, C4H9N, C5H11N 24/ t chy hon ton 6,2 gam mt amin no, n chc phi dng ht 10,08 lt kh oxi (ktc). Cng thc ca amin l cng thc no sau y? A C2H5NH2 B. CH3NH2 C.C4H9NH2 D. C3H7NH2 25/ t chy hon ton 100ml hn hp gm imetylamin v hai hirocacbon ng ng k tip thu c 140ml CO 2 v 250ml hi nc (cc th tch o cng iu kin). Cng thc phn t ca hai hirocacbon l p n no? A C2H4 v C3H6 B.C2H2 v C3H4 C. CH4 v C2H6 D. C2H6 v C3H8 26/ t chy hon ton hn hp hai amin no n chc ng ng lin tip, ta thu c hn hp sn phm kh vi t l th tch nCO2: nH2O = 8 : 17. Cng thc ca hai amin l p n no? A. C2H5NH2, C3H7NH2 B. C3H7NH2, C4H9NH2 C. CH3NH2, C2H5NH2 D. C4H9NH2, C5H11NH2 27/Cho 1,52 gam hn hp hai amin no n chc (c s mol bng nhau) tc dng va vi 200ml dung dch HCl, thu c 2,98g mui. Kt lun no sau y khng chnh xc. A Nng mol ca dung dch HCl bng 0,2M B S mol ca mi cht l 0,02mol C Cng thc thc ca hai amin l CH5N v C2H7N D Tn gi hai amin l metylamin v etylamin 28/ Ngi ta iu ch anilin bng cch nitro ha 500g benzen ri kh hp cht nitro sinh ra. Khi lng anilin thu c l bao nhiu, bit hiu sut mi giai on 78% ? A 346,7g B 362,7g C 463,4g D 358,7g 29/Este X c iu ch t aminoaxit v ru etylic. T khi hi ca X so vi hiro 5,15 . t chy hon ton 10,3 gam X thu c 17,6gam kh CO2 v 8,1gam nc v 1,12 lt nit (ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l cng thc no sau y? A H2N (CH2)2 COO C2H5 B. H2N CH(CH3) COOC2H5 C H2N CH2 CH(CH3) COOH D. H2N CH2 COO CH3 30/ Cht A c % khi lng cc nguyn t C, H, O, N ln lt l 32%, 6,67% 42,66%, 18,67%. T khi hi ca A so vi khng kh nh hn 3. A va tc dng NaOH va tc dng dd HCl, A c cng thc cu to nh th no? A CH3 CH(NH2) COOH B H2N (CH2)2 COOH C H2N CH2 COOH D H2N (CH2)3 COOH 31/ Cht A c thnh phn % cc nguyn t C, H, N ln lt l 40,45%, 7,86%, 15,73% cn li l oxi. Khi lng mol phn t ca A <100 g/mol. A tc dng c vi NaOH v vi HCl, c ngun gc t thin nhin, A c CTCT nh th no. A. CH3 CH(NH2) COOH B . H2N (CH2)2 COOH C. H2N CH2 COOH D. H2N (CH2)3 COOH 32/ Dung dch X gm HCl v H2SO4 c pH = 2. trung ho hon ton 0,58g hn hp 2 amin no n chc bc 1 (c s ngt C nh hn hoc bng 4) phi dng 1 lt dd X. Cng thc ca 2 amin c th l A CH3NH2 v C4H9NH2 B. C2H5NH2 v C4H9NH2 C. C3H7NH2 va C4H9NH2 D. Ca A va B 33/ ot chay hoan toan a mol aminoaxit A thu c 2a mol CO 2 va a/2 mol N2. Aminoaxit A la : A . H2NCH2COOH B. H2N[CH2]2COOH C. H2N[CH2]3COOH D. H2NCH(COOH)2 34/Nguyn nhn gy nn tnh baz ca amin l: A Do amin tan nhiu trong H2O B Do phn t amin b phn cc mnh C Do nguyn t N c m in ln nn cp electron chung ca nguyn t N v H b ht v pha N D Do nguyn t N cn cp eletron t do nn phn t amin c th nhn proton 35/ Mt peptit c cng thc:
Gv : V Phm Nht T
H 2 N CH CO NH CH 2 CO NH CH COOH
Tn ca peptit trn l
Trng THPT KH
CH 3 CH(CH 3 ) 2 A glyxinalaninvalin B glyxylalanylvalyl C. glyxylalanylvalin D. glyxylalanyllysin 36/ t chy hon ton hn hp X gm 2 amin no n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng, thu c 22 g CO 2 v 14,4 g H2O. Cng thc phn t ca hai amin l : A CH3NH2 v C2H7N B C2H7N v C3H9N C .C3H9N v C4H11N D.C4H11N v C5H13 N 37/ Mt hp cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C 3H9O2N. Cho X phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, un nh thu c mui Y v kh Z lm giy qu tm nc ho xanh. Cht rn Y tc dng vi NaOH rn (CaO, t 0 cao) thu c CH4. X c cng tc cu to : A CH3 COO NH4 B C2H5 COO NH4 C. CH3 COO H3NCH3 D. A v C u ng 38/ Mt hn hp gm 2 amin no n chc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Ly 21,4 gam hn hp cho vo dung dch FeCl3 c d thu c mt kt ta c khi lng bng khi lng ca hn hp trn. Cng thc phn t ca hai amin l: A C3H7NH2 v C4H9NH2 B. CH3NH2 v C2H5NH2 C C2H5NH2 v C3H7NH2 D. C4H9NH2 v C5H11NH2 39/ t chy hon ton m gam mt amin X bng lng khng kh va thu c 17,6 gam CO 2, 12,6 gam H2O v 69,44 lt N2. Bit trong khng kh ch cha N2 v O2 (80%). Cc th tch kh o ktc. Amin X c Cng thc phn t: A C3H7NH2 B CH3NH2 C. C4H9NH2 D. C2H5NH2 40/Hp cht hu c X mch h, thnh phn phn t gm C, H, N. Trong %N chim 23,7% (theo khi lng), X tc dng vi HCl theo t l mol 1:1. X c Cng thc phn t: A C3H7NH2 B. CH3NH2 C.C4H9NH2 D.C2H5NH2 41/ t chy hon ton mt amin thm X thu c 3,29 gam CO 2, 0,99 gam H2O v 336ml N2 (ktc). trung ho 0,1 mol X cn 600ml dung dch HCl 0,5M. Cng thc phn t ca X: A C7H11N B.C7H7NH2 C.C7H11N3 D. C7H9N2 42/ C hai amin bc mt: A (ng ng ca anilin) v B (ng ng ca metylamin). t chy hon ton 3,21g amin A sinh ra 336ml kh N2 (ktc). Khi t chy hon ton amin B cho n H2 O : n CO2 = 3: 2 . Cng thc phn t ca hai amin l: A. CH3C6H4NH2 v CH3CH2CH2NH2 B. C2H5C6H4NH2 v CH3CH2CH2NH2 C. CH3C6H4NH2 v CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2 D.C2H5C6H4NH2 v CH3CH2CH2CH2NH2 43/ Hn hp X gm hai amin no bc mt X v Y. X cha 2 nhm axit v mt nhm amino, Y cha mt nhm axit v mt nhm amino. t chy hon ton 1 mol X hoc 1 mol Y th thu c s mol CO 2 < 6. Bit t l khi lng phn t MX = 1,96 .CTCT ca 2 amino axit l: MY A H2NCH2CH(COOH)CH2COOH v H2NCH2COOH B. H2NCH2CH(COOH)CH2COOH v H2N(CH2)2COOH C H2NCH(COOH)CH2COOH v H2N(CH2)2COOH D. H2NCH(COOH)CH2COOH v H2NCH2COOH 44/ tch ring hn hp gm ba cht lng: C6H6, C6H5OH v C6H5NH2 ngi ta c th tin hnh theo trnh t sau: A Dng dung dch HCl, lc, chit, sc kh CO2 B Dng dung dch NaOH, lc nh, chit, dung dung dch HCl, chit, dng dung dch NaOH C Dng dung dch NaOH, lc nh, chit, sc kh CO2. D Dng dung dch brom, lc nh, chit, dng dung dch NaOH, kh CO 2 45/ Mt hp cht hu c X c Cng thc phn t C 3H7O2N. X phn ng vi dung dch brom, X tc dng vi dung dch HCl v dung dch NaOH. Cht hu c X c cng thc cu to: A H2N CH = CHCOOH B CH2 = CH COONH4 C. H2N CH2 CH2COOH D. A v B ng 46/ un nng 100ml dung dch mt aminoaxit 0,2 M tc dng va vi 80ml dung dch NaOH 0,25M. Sau phn ng ngi ta c cn dung dch thu c 2,5 g mui khan. Mt khc, ly 100g dung dch aminoaxit trn c nng 20,6 % phn ng va vi 400ml dung dch HCl 0,5 M. Cng thc phn t ca aminoaxit l: A H2NCH2COOH B.CH3CH(NH2)COOH C. CH3CH2CH(NH2)COOH D. CH3COONH4 47/ Aminoaxit X cha mt nhm amin bc mt trong phn t. t chy hon ton mt lng X thu c CO 2 v N2 t l th tch l 4:1 . X c cng thc cu to l: A H2NCH2COOH B CH3CH(NH2)COOH C. NH2CH2CH2COOH D. CH3CH2CH(NH2)COOH 48/ Vi hn hp gm hai axit amin l glixin (glycine, Gly) v alanin (alanine, Ala), c th thu c ti a bao nhiu tripeptit khi cho chng kt hp vi nhau? (Bit rng trong mi tripeptit u c cha hai aminoaxit ny) A. 4 B. 6 C. 8 D. nhiu hn 49/ Mt hemoglobin (hng cu ca mu) cha 0,4% Fe (mi phn t hemoglobin ch cha 1 nguyn t Fe). Phn t khi gn ng ca hemoglobin trn l : A. 12000 B. 14000 C. 15000 D. 18000 50/ Aminoaxit X c 1 nhm amino v 1 nhm cacboxyl trong phn trm khi lng ca oxi l 31,068%. C bao nhiu aminoaxit ph hp vi X? A.3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 51/t chy hon ton 5,9g mt hp cht hu c n chc X thu c 6,72 lt CO 2, 1,12 lt N2 (ktc) v 8,1g H2O. Cng thc ca X l : A. C3H6O B. C3H5NO3 C. C3H9N D.C3H7NO2
Gv : V Phm Nht T
Trng THPT KH
52/ Khi cho metylamin v anilin ln lt tc dng vi HBr v dung dch FeCl 2 s thu c kt qu no di y? A. C metylamin v anilin u tc dng vi c HBr v FeCl 2. B. Metylamin ch tc dng vi HBr cn anilin tc dng c vi c HBr v FeCl 2. C. Metylamin tc dng c vi c HBr v FeCl2 cn anilin ch tc dng vi HBr. D. C metylamin v anilin u ch tc dng vi HBr m khng tc dng vi FeCl 2 53/ Mt amin A thuc cng dy ng ng vi metylamin c hm lng cacbon trong phn t bng 68,97%. Cng thc phn t ca A l... A. C2H7N. B. C3H9N. C. C4H11N. D. C5H13N. 54/ Khi trng ngng 13,1 g axit - aminocaproic vi hiu sut 80%, ngoi amino axit cn d, ngi ta thu c m gam polime v 1,44 g nc. Gi tr ca m l ? A. 10,41. B. 9,04. C. 11,02. D. 8,43. 55/ Cho hn hp X gm hai cht hu c c cng cng thc phn t C2H7NO2 tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, un nng c dung dch Y v 4,48 lt (ktc) hn hp Z gm 2 kh ( u lm xanh giy qu tm m). T khi hi ca Z i vi H2 bng 13,75. C cn dung dch Y thu c khi lng mui khan l : A. 16,5g B. 14,3g. C. 8,9g. D. 15,7g. 56/Hp cht X cha 2 loi nhm chc amino v cacboxyl. Cho 100ml dd X 0,3M phn ng va vi 48ml dd NaOH 1,25M. Sau em c cn dd th thu c 5,31g mui khan. Bit X c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh v c mt nhm amino v tr . Cng thc cu to ca X l: A. CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH. B. CH3-CH(NH2)-(COOH)2. C. HOOC-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH. D. H2N-CH2-COOH. 57/ Trong cc cht sau: Cu, HCl, C2H5OH, HNO2, KOH, Na2CO3, CH3OH/kh HCl. Glyxin tc dng c vi nhng cht no ? A.HCl, HNO2, KOH, Na2CO3, CH3OH/HCl. B. C2H5OH, HNO2, KOH, Na2CO3, CH3OH/kh HCl , Cu. C. Cu, KOH, Na2CO3,HCl, HNO2, CH3OH/kh HCl. D. Tt c cc cht. 58/ Este X c iu ch t Aminoaxit Y v ancol etylic. T khi hi ca X so vi hidro bng 51,5. t chy hon ton 10,3g X thu c 17,6g kh CO2, 8,1g nc v 1,12 lt N2(ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l cng thc no sau y ? A. H2N-(CH2)2-COO-C2H5. B.H2N-CH2-COO-C2H5. C. H2N-CH(CH3)-COOH. D. H2N-CH(CH3)-COO-C2H5. 59/ Thy phn n cng mt protein, ta thu c cc cht no? A. cc axit amin. B. Cc peptit. C. chui peptit. D. hn hp cc aminoaxit. 60/Cho 0,02 mol cht X (X l mt -aminoaxit) phn ng va ht vi 160ml dd HCl 0,152M th to ra 3,67g mui. Mt khc, 4,41g X khi tc dng vi mt lng NaOH va th to ra 5,73g mui khan. Bit X c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh. Vy cng thc cu to ca X l : A. HOOC-CH(NH2)-CH(NH2)-COOH. B.HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH. C. CH3-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH. D. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH 61/ cho 7,12g mt aminoaxit X l ng ng ca axit aminoaxetic vo 300ml dung dch HCl 0,4M. tc dng hon ton vi cc cht c trong dung dch sau phn ng, phi dng 0,2mol KOH. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l : A. C2H5-CH(NH2)-COOH. C. CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH. B. H2N-CH2-COOH. D. H2N-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH. 62/ t chy hon ton 5,15g mt cht X th cn va 5,88 lt oxi thu c 4,05g H 2O v 5,04 lt hn hp gm CO2 v N2. Bit X l mt aminoaxit c mt nhmNH2 trong phn t.Cng thc phn t ca X l (kh o ktc). A. C3H7O2N. B. C4H9O2N. C. C2H5O2N. D. C5H9O2N. 63/t chy hon ton 6,2 g mt amin no, n chc, mch h phi dng ht 10,08 lt kh oxy (ktc). TCPT ca amin l: A. C3H7NH2 B. C2H5NH2 C. C4H9NH2 D. CH3NH2 64/ Cho cc loi hp cht: aminoaxit (X), mui amoni ca axit cacboxylic (Y), amin (Z), este ca aminoaxit (T). Dy gm cc loi hp cht u tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH v u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl l A. X, Y, Z, T. B. X, Y, T. C. X, Y, Z. D. Y, Z, T. + 65/ Mui C6H5N2 Cl (phenyliazoni clorua) c sinh ra khi cho C6H5-NH2 (anilin) tc dng vi NaNO2 trong dung dch HCl nhit thp (0-5oC). iu ch c 14,05 gam C6H5N2+Cl- (vi hiu sut 100%), lng C6H5-NH2 v NaNO2 cn dng va l A. 0,1 mol v 0,4 mol. B. 0,1 mol v 0,2 mol. C. 0,1 mol v 0,1 mol. D. 0,1 mol v 0,3 mol. 66/ C cc dung dch ring bit sau: C6H5-NH3Cl (phenylamoni clorua), H2N-CH2-CH2CH(NH2)-COOH, ClH3N-CH2-COOH, HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH, H2N-CH2-COONa. S lng cc dung dch c pH < 7 l : A. 2. B. 5. C. 4. D. 3. 67/ Cho cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C2H8O3N2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, thu c cht hu c n chc Y v cc cht v c. Khi lng phn t (theo vC) ca Y l A. 85. B. 68. C. 45. D. 46. 9 L thuyt v bi tp AMIN AMINO AXIT-
PROTEIN
Gv : V Phm Nht T
Trng THPT KH
68/Hp cht X c cng thc phn t trng vi cng thc n gin nht, va tc dng c vi axit va tc dng c vi kim trong iu kin thch hp. Trong phn t X, thnh phn phn trm khi lng ca cc nguyn t C, H, N ln lt bng 40,449%; 7,865% v 15,73%; cn li l oxi. Khi cho 4,45 gam X phn ng hon ton vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH (un nng) thu c 4,85 gam mui khan. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l : A. H2NCH2COO-CH3. B. CH2=CHCOONH4. C. H2NCOO-CH2CH3. D. H2NC2H4COOH 69/ Cho X l NH3, Y l CH3NH2, Z l (CH3)2NH, T l C6H5NH2 v U l (C6H5)2NH. Trt t tng dn tnh baz l: A. U < Z< T < Y < X B. U < T < Z < Y < X C. X < Y < Z < T < U D. U < T < X < Y < Z 70/ trung ha 50 gam dung dch ca mt amin n chc X nng 12,4% cn dng 200ml dung dch HCl 1M. Cng thc phn t ca X l : A. C2H7N. B. C3H5N. C. CH5N. D. C3H7N 71/ t chy hon ton amin X bng lng khng kh va thu c 17,6 gam CO 2 ,12,6 gam H2O v 69,44 lt N2 .Gi thit khng kh gm N2 v O2 ,trong O2 chim 80% khng kh v th tch. Cc th tch o trong cng ktc .Cng thc ca amin l : A. C3H7NH2 B. C2H5NH2 C. C4H9NH2. D. CH3NH2 72/Cho hp cht hu c A c cng thc phn t C2H8N2O3. Bit 0,15 mol A tc dng vi dung dch cha 12 gam NaOH un nng thu c cht kh A1 lm xanh qu tm m v dung dch A2. C cn dung dch A2 c p gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ng ca p l : A.18,75 gam B.15 gam C.12,5 gam D.20,625 gam 73/ Tin hnh trng ngng hn hp glyxin v alanin. Hi c th thu c ti a bao nhiu ipeptit ? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 74/ Hn hp X gm benzen,anilin v phenol. m gam X tc dng vi nc brom d thu c 82,6 gam kt ta. m gam X tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch KOH 1M. t chy hon ton m gam X thu c 47,04 lt CO2(ktc). m c gi tr l : A. 31,15 B.35,25 C. 26,25 D. 35,55 75/ Cho mt hn hp A cha NH3, C6H5NH2 v C6H5OH. A c trung ha bi 0,02 mol NaOH hoc 0,01 mol HCl. A cng phn ng vi vi 0,075 mol Br 2 to kt ta. Lng cc cht NH 3, C6H5NH3 v C6H5OH ln lt bng bao nhiu? A. 0,01 mol; 0,005mol v 0,02mol B. 0,05 mol; 0,005mol v 0,02mol C. 0,05 mol; 0,002mol v 0,05mol. D. 0,01 mol; 0,005mol v 0,02mol 76/A l mt aminoaxit. Cho bit 1 mol A phn ng va vi 1 mol HCl, hm lng clo trong mui thu c l 19,346%. Cng thc ca A l : A. HOOCCH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH B. HOOCCH2CH2 CH2CH(NH2)COOH C. CH3CH2CH(NH2)COOH D. CH3CH(NH2)COOH 77/ Cho 11,25 gam C2H5NH2 tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch HCl x(M). Sau khi phn ng xong thu c dung dch c cha 22,2 gam cht tan. Xc nh x : A. 1,3M B. 1,25M C. 1,36M D. 1,5M 78/Hp cht hu c X c cng thc tng qut CxHyOzNt. Thnh phn % khi lng ca N v O trong X ln lt l 15,730% v 35,955%. Khi X tc dng vi HCl ch to ra mui R(Oz)NH3Cl (R l gc hirocacbon). Bit X c trong thin nhin v tham gia phn ng trng ngng. Cng thc cu to ca X l. A. CH2 = CHCOONH4 B. H2NCH(CH3)COOH. C. H2NCH2CH2COOH. D. H2NCH2COOCH3. 79/ Cht X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH to ra cht Y. t chy hon ton 11,1 gam cht Y c 0,3 mol hn hp CO 2 v N2 c t khi so vi H2 bng 20,667, ngoi ra cn 0,3 mol H2O v 0,05 mol Na2CO3. Bit X c tnh lng tnh v Y ch cha 1 nguyn t N. Cng thc cu to ca Y l. A. H2NCH = CHCOOONa. B. CH3CH(NH2)COOONa. C. H2NCH2COONa. D. CH2 = CHCOONH4. 80/28,1 gam hn hp propylamin, axit aminoaxetic v etylaxetat c th phn ng vi 6,72 lt hiroclorua ( ktc). Cng mt lng hn hp trn c th phn ng vi 100 ml dung dch KOH 1M (cc phn ng va ). % khi lng ca aminoaxit trong hn hp l : A. 23,3%. B. 26,69%. C. 54,7%. D. 22%. 81/ Khi thy phn mt protein (X) thu c hn hp gm 2 aminoaxit no k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Bit mi cht u cha mt nhm - NH2 v mt nhm - COOH. t chy hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp 2 aminoaxit ri cho sn phm chy qua bnh ng dung dch NaOH d, thy khi lng bnh tng 32,8 gam. Cng thc cu to ca 2 aminoaxit l. : A. H2NCH2COOH, H2NCH(CH3)COOH. B. H2NCH(CH3)COOH, H2N(CH2)3COOH. C. H2NCH2COOH, H2NCH2CH2COOH. D. H2NCH(CH3)COOH, C2H5CH(NH2)COOH. 82/ Khi thy phn hon ton mt polipeptit ta thu c cc aminoaxit X, Y, Z, E, F. Cn khi thu phn tng phn th thu c cc i- v tripeptit XE, ZY, EZ, YF, EZY. Trnh t cc aminoaxit trong polipeptit trn l. A. X - Z - Y - F - E. B. X - E - Z - Y - F. C. X - Z - Y - E - F. D. X - E - Y - Z - F. 83/ Khi t chy hon ton mt amin n chc X, thu c 8,4 lt kh CO2, 1,4 lt kh N2 (cc th tch kh o ktc) v 10,125 gam H2O. Cng thc phn t ca X l : A. C2H7N. B. C4H9N. C. C3H7N. D. C3H9N. 84/ Cho s chuyn ho sau:
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Gv : V Phm Nht T
(1)
Trng THPT KH
(2)
Benzen
(4)
Clobenzen Nitrobenzen
X Y
(3)
Phenol Anilin
.
(5)
(6)
X, Y ln lt l. A. C6H5NH3Cl, C6H5ONa. B. C6H5Br, C6H5CH2NH3Cl. C. C6H5ONa, C6H5CH2NH3Cl. D. C6H5ONa, C6H5NH3Cl 85/ t chy hon ton 0,02 mol mt amin bc 1 (X) vi lng O2 va , cho ton b sn phm chy qua bnh cha Ca(OH)2 d thy khi lng bnh tng 3,02 gam v cn li 0,224 lt ( ktc) mt cht kh khng b hp th. Khi lc dung dch thu c 4 gam kt ta. Cng thc cu to ca X l. : A. (CH2)2(NH2)2. B. CH3CH(NH2)2. C. CH2 = CHNH2. D. CH3CH2NH2. 86/ Cho s sau:
cht Y v Z ln lt l. A. CH3OH, HCHO. B. C2H5OH, HCHO. C. CH3OH, HCOOH. D. C2H5OH, CH3CHO 89/ Cho 0,1 mol hp cht X tc dng va vi 80 ml dung dch HCl 1,25M, sau c cn dung dch thu c 18,75 gam mui. Mt khc, cho 0,1 mol X tc dng vi NaOH va ri c cn th c 17,3 gam mui. Bit X l mt - aminoaxit v c kh nng phn ng vi Br2/Fe cho hp cht C8H9O2NBr. Cng thc cu to ca X l. A. C6H5CH(NH2)COOH. B. H2NCH2C6H4COOH. C. H2NC6H4CH2COOH. D. H2NC6H4COOH. 90/ Dung dch X cha HCl v H2SO4 c pH = 2. trung ha hon ton 0,59 gam hn hp hai amin no, n chc, bc 1 (c s nguyn t C nh hn hoc bng 4 v cc cht c cng s mol) phi dng 1 lt dung dch X. Cng thc phn t ca 2 amin ln lt l. A. CH3NH2 v C4H9NH2. B. C2H5NH2 v C4H9NH2. C. C3H7NH2 v C4H9NH2. D. CH3CH2CH2NH2 v CH3CH(CH3)NH2. 91/ trung ho 25 gam dung dch ca 1 amin n chc X nng 12,4% cn dng 100 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Cng thc phn t ca X l : A. C2H7N. B. CH5N. C. C3H7N. D. C3H5N.
dA
H2
t cua A. Xac nh cong thc cau tao cua A biet A la este cua ru metylic 3/ Hp chat A la 1 -amino axit. Cho 0,01 mol A tac dung va u vi 80ml dung dch HCl 0,15M, co can th thu c 1,835g muoi. a)Tnh khoi lng phan t cua A. b)Trung hoa 2,94g A bang 1 lng va u dung dch NaOH, co can c 3,82g muoi. Viet CTCT cua A, biet A co mach Cacbon khong phan nhanh. Cho biet ng dung cua A. 4/ Cho 1,52 g hn hp 2 amin n chc no mch h bc I tc dng va vi 200ml dd HCl thu c 2,98g mui. a)Tnh tng s mol ca 2 amin trong hn hp v CM dd HCl. b)Tnh th tch N2 va CO2 thu c ieu kien chuan neu ot chay hoan toan 1,52g hon hp 2 amin tren.
11
Gv : V Phm Nht T
Trng THPT KH
c)Xac nh CTCT cua 2 amin, biet hon hp 2 amin c tron theo so mol bang nhau. 5/ X l mt aminoaxt . Khi cho 200ml dung dch X 0,1 M tc dng vi HCl th cn ht 80 ml dung dch HCl 0,25 M. Cn khi cho 500ml dd X trn tc dng vi 100ml dd HCl 0,6 M th thu c dung dch A. tc dng ht vi cc cht trong dung dch A cn dng 6,4 g NaOH , sau phn ng thu c 12,36 gam mui. Tm CTCT ca X. 6/ Cho 200ml dd Amino Axit X. Co 1 nhom amin tac dung va u vi 80ml dd HCl 0,5M, ta c dung dch A. e tac dung het vi dung dch can 60ml Ba(OH) 2 1M. Neu lay 250ml dd X trung hoa vi KOH c 111,5g muoi khan. a/ Tnh nong o mol/l cua dung dch X. b/ Tm CTPT cua X. Viet CTCT mach thang. 7/ ot chay hoan toan m gam mot Amin c 7,84 lt CO 2 (kc) va 4,05g H2O. Mat khac e trung hoa m gam A can 50ml dung dch HCl 1M va thu c 7,175g muoi. a/ Tm CTN cua A. b/ Suy ra CTPT, CTCT va goi ten A, biet A la ong ang cua Anilin. 8/ Este A c ieu che t aminoaxit B va ancol metylic. T khoi hi cua A so vi hiro la 44,5. ot chay hoan toan 8,9 gam este A thu c 13,2 gam kh CO 2, 6,3 gam H2O va 1,12 lit N2 (o ktc). Viet cong thc phan t va cong thc cau tao cua cac chat A va B. 9/ A l mt amino axit. Ly 0,02 mol A phn ng vi 160ml dung dch HCl 0,125M thu c 3,67 gam mui. Mt khc 4,41 gam A phn ng ht bi NaOH thu c 5,73 gam mui. a) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca A. b) Vit cng thc cu to ca A bit A c mch cacbon khng c nhnh v nhm amino v tr . 10/ Hp chat hu c (A) co cong thc tng qut CXHYNO khoi lng phan t cua (A) bang 113 .v.C. A co mach cacbon khong phan nhanh, khong lam mat mau dung dch Br2, nhng b thuy phan trong dung dch NaOH va co kha nang phan ng trung hp. a/ nh cong thc phan t, cong thc cau tao va goi ten A. b/ Viet phng trnh thoa man vi tnh chat tren. 11/ t chy 5,15 gam cht A cn va 5,88 lt O 2 thu c 4,05 gam H2O v 5,04 lt kh hn hp gm CO 2 v N2. Tm cng thc phn t ca A bit rng t khi hi ca A so vi H 2 l 51,5, cc th tch kh o ktc . 12/ ot hoan toan 8,7 gam aminoaxit A (axit n chc) th thu c 0,3 mol CO 2 ; 0,25mol H2O va 1,12 lt (ktc) cua mot kh tr. a/ Xac nh cong thc cau tao cua A. b/ Viet phan ng tao polyme cua A
12