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LP BI DNG KIN THC HA HC 10, 11, 12

18A/88-INH VN T-TP.HI DNG

G G i i l l i ig gi i i i t th hi it tu uy y n ns si in nh h i ih h c c c ca ao o n ng gn n m m2 20 00 09 9 M M n n tth hii:: H H a aH H c c -- K Kh h ii B B -- M M 6 63 37 7

y l gi gii thi i hc, cao ng - khi B - nm 2009. Gi li gii ny ti a nn ch vi mc ch cho cc em hc sinh, cng nh cc bn ng nghip tham kho bit c hng v cch lm mt thi sao cho tt nht trong khong thi gian ngn nht. c rt nhiu thy c gio nhit tnh a ra li gii chi tit v trn vn cho thi ha khi B nm nay, trong c nhiu bi vit kh hay. Tuy c a ra hi mun so vi cc p n khc, nhng trong bi vit ny ti s a ra nhng kin ring ca bn thn ti v thi, ti hi vng nhng kin ca bn thn ti v thi ny s gip ch cho cc em hc sinh cng nh cc bn ng nghip trong qu trnh dy v hc ha hc. Trong li gi gii cc cu, ti c gng phn tch nhng li v nhng sai lm m cc em hc sinh c th mc phi trong qu trnh lm bi. Nhng li gi v phng php ti a ra c th cha phi l phng php nhanh nht hoc tt nht v cn c rt nhiu phng php v cch lm khc nhau, nhng ti hi vng rng vi cch m ti a ra s l mt trong nhng cch m hc sinh cm thy d hiu nht. Li gi ny c a ra c a ra trong thi gian rt ngn sau khi kt thc k thi khi B nm 2009, nn trong qu trnh nh my s khng trnh khi nhng sai xt trong qu trnh nh my. Trong qu trnh c v tm hiu v li gi , nu nh c bt k ai pht hin ra c nhng li sai xt trong cc cu, ti rt mong s nhn c nhng li gp chn thnh ca cc bn ti hon thin hn na v li gi gii. Mi gp xin lin h qua + E_mail: netthubuon@yahoo.com hoc hoahoc.org@gmail.com + in thoi: 0979817885 + C s bi dng kin thc: 18A/88-inh Vn T-Thnh Ph Hi Dng Cho bit khi lng nguyn t (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t : H = 1; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; F = 19 ; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; P = 31; S = 32; Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Ag = 108 ; I = 127 ; Ba = 137 ; Au = 197 I. Phn chung cho tt c th sinh (40 cu, t cu 1 n cu 40) Cu 1: Cho m gam bt Fe vo 800 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO3)2 0,2M v H2SO4 0,25M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 0,6m gam hn hp bt kim loi v V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi tr ca m v V ln lt l B. 17,8 v 2,24. C. 10,8 v 4,48. D. 10,8 v 2,24. A. 17,8 v 4,48. Gi : Ta c: nNO = 2nCu ( NO3 )2 = 2.0,8.0, 2 = 0, 32mol v n H+ = 2nH 2 SO4 = 0, 4mol
3

Ta c; 4 H + NO3 + 3e NO + 2 H 2O H + c kh nng s tham gia phn ng ht v NO-3 d


0,4 mol 0,32 mol 0,1mol

Theo bi, sau phn ng thu c hn hp 2 kim loi Vy chng t rng Fe vn cn d sau => khi th N +5 + 3e N +2 ; Cu +2 + 2e Cu v
0,1mol 0,3 mol 0,1mol 0,16 mol 0,32 mol 0,16 mol

Fe
0,4m + 0,16.64 56

2.

2e
0,4m + 0,16.64 56

Fe+2

(ti sao th bn t tm hiu nu cha bit) Khi lng ca Fe cn d l: 0,6m 0,16.64 => khi lng tham gia phn ng l 0,4m + 0,16.64 Theo nh lut bo ton electron ta c: 2.(0,4m.56 + 0,16.64) = (0,3 + 0,32).56 => m = 17,8 gam Vy p n l: B

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LP BI DNG KIN THC HA HC 10, 11, 12

18A/88-INH VN T-TP.HI DNG

Nhn xt: bi cho kim loi tc dng vi dung dch hn hp cha NO -3 v H +


Chng ta cn phi vn dng phng php bo ton electron - in tch v s dng phng trnh ion thu gn. Qua cu hi ny cc em hc sinh cn ghi nh v: + Hiu c bn cht ca phn ng ha hc trong dung dch. + Tnh oxi ha ca ion NO -3 ca dung dch mui trong mi trng axit (H + ) . Fe2+ Cu 2+ Fe3+ Fe Cu Fe 2+ + Rn luyn phng php tnh ton bi ton (bo ton electron, ion, ) v k nng tnh ton. y l mt dng ton kh l quen thuc trong chng trnh ha hc ph thng. im mu cht ca bi ton l bit da vo d kin: thu c 0,6m gam hn hp bt kim loi Cu 2: C cc th nghim sau: (I) Sc kh CO2 vo nc Gia-ven. (III) Nhng thanh st vo dung dch H2SO4 long, ngui. (IV) Nhng l nhm vo dung dch H2SO4 c, ngui. (II) Sc kh SO2 vo nc brom. S th nghim xy ra phn ng ha hc l B. 3. C. 1. D. 2. A. 4. Gi : Vi cu hi ny ch yu l yu cu cc em hc sinh ghi nh c kin thc, nn em no lm c kin thc th vic gii quyt bi ton ch cn khong thi gian 20s. Phng trnh phn ng: CO2 + NaClO + H 2O NaHCO3 + HClO + V tr cp oxi ha kh ca kim loi v ngha ca chng;
Fe + H 2 SO4 (long, ngui) FeSO4 + H 2 SO2 + Br2 + H 2O 2 HBr + H 2 SO4 Al + H 2 SO4 (c, ngui) do Al th ng trong dung dch H 2 SO4 c, ngui Vy c 3 phng trnh phn ng ha hc xy ra => p n B. Nhn xt: y l mt cu hi tng i d, nhng do n ri vo phn kin thc ha hc lp 10, nn rt nhiu cc em hc sinh quan tm nhiu, nn s c s lng tng khi a ra p n. Nhng vi kin thc lp 12 v ta s loi c IV, cn II c th thy rng n ng da vo tnh oxi ha kh, cn III th khi phi ni l cng bit n ng, khi bn ch phn vn p n B v D. Cu 3: Dy gm cc cht u c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng hp l: A. 1,1,2,2-tetrafloeten; propilen; stiren; vinyl clorua. B. buta-1,3-ien; cumen; etilen; trans-but-2-en. C. stiren; clobenzen; isopren; but-1-en. D. 1,2-iclopropan; vinylaxetilen; vinylbenzen; toluen. Gi : Vi cu hi ny, cc em hc sinh cn ghi nh v iu kin xy ra phn ng trng hp: Phi c lin kt i hoc c vng khng bn v phi ghi nh v xc nh c chnh xc c im cu to ca cc cht m bi cho. Trong cc cht bi cho th c mt s cht khng c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng hp:

Vy khi p n A l p n ng. (phng trnh phn ng ca cc cht kia cc em t vit ghi nh) Nhn xt: y l cu hi tng i n gin, khng c tnh cht nh , ch yu l yu cu hc sinh ghi nh kin thc. Cu 4: t chy hon ton mt hp cht hu c X, thu c 0,351 gam H2O v 0,4368 lt kh CO2 ( ktc). Bit X c phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 trong mi trng kim khi un nng. Cht X l

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LP BI DNG KIN THC HA HC 10, 11, 12

18A/88-INH VN T-TP.HI DNG

A. CH3COCH3. B. O=CH-CH=O. C. CH2=CH-CH2-OH. D. C2H5CHO. Gi : Vi cu hi ny, khi c ta phi ngay v d kin: X phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 trong mi trng kim khi un nng => X s l hp cht cha nhm CHO, khi ta s loi ngay c p n A v C. Ta c: n CO2 =0,0195mol v n H 2 O =0,0195mol Vy khi ta s suy ra ngay p n s l B. (da vo s nguyn t H v C trong phn t) Vi cu hi ny, chng ta phi c s kt hp gia cc p n a ra v cc d kin ca bi ton ra kt qu. Cu 5: Cho cc nguyn t: K (Z = 19), N (Z = 7), Si (Z = 14), Mg (Z = 12). Dy gm cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu gim dn bn knh nguyn t t tri sang phi l: D. K, Mg, Si, N. A. N, Si, Mg, K. B. Mg, K, Si, N. C. K, Mg, N, Si. Gi : y l mt cu hi thuc chng trnh ha hc lp 10 phn bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc. c th xt c, ta cn phi sp xp cc nguyn t trn vo trong bng tun hon theo chu k v nhm (sp xp da vo cu hnh electron ca nguyn t)
IA IIA IVA VIA 2 2 6 2 {Chu k 3 - nhm IIA N 12 Mg :1s 2 s 2 p 3s 2 2 6 2 2 Mg Si {Chu k 3 - nhm IVA 14 Si :1s 2 s 2 p 3s 3 p 2 2 6 2 6 1 K {Chu k 4 - nhm IA 19 K :1s 2 s 2 p 3s 3 p 4 s Trong mt chu k, theo chiu tng dn in tch ht nhn th bn knh nguyn t gim dn
7

{chu k 2 - nhm VA N :1s 2 2 s 2 2 p 3

Tuy cc nguyn t cc nguyn t c cng s lp electron, nhng khi in tch ht nhn tng, lc ht gia ht nhn v electron ho tr lp ngoi cng cng tng dn, lm bn knh nguyn t gim dn.

Trong mt nhm theo chiu t trn xung di, bn knh nguyn t tng dn.

Theo chiu t trn xung di, s lp electron tng dn, in tch ht nhn tng dn, nhng do s lp electron tng mnh nn lm cho bn knh nguyn t tng dn

Qua s miu t trn ta nhn thy rng p n D l p n chnh xc nht. Nhn xt : y l mt cu hi khng kh, nhng do n thuc vo mng kin thc ha hc lp 10, nn s c nhiu em hc sinh khng . Cu 6: Pht biu no sau y l ng? A. Trng hp stiren thu c poli (phenol-fomanehit). B. Trng ngng buta-1,3-ien vi acrilonitrin c xc tc Na c cao su buna-N. C. Poli (etylen terephtalat) c iu ch bng phn ng trng ngng cc monome tng ng. D. T visco l t tng hp. Gi : Vi cu hi ny ch yu l mang tnh cht l thuyt, yu cu hc sinh nm c : - Cng thc ca cc cht: Stiren, poli(phenol-fomandehit), buta-1,3-dien, acrilonitrin, poli (etylen terephtalat), cao su buna-N, to visco - Cch vit sn phm phn ng trng hp, trng ngng. - Tn gi ca polime bao gm tn quc t v tn thng. + Trng hp Stiren => poli stiren + Buta-1,3-dien + acilonitrin => Cao su buna-N bng phn ng trng hp + Poli (etylen terephtalat) l loi t lapsan c to ra do phn ng trng ngng gia etylen glicol v axit tetraphtalic + T visco l loi t bn tng hp hay cn c gi l t nhn to. Qua p n C l p n ng. HOOC COOH ( axit terephtalic) ( CO C6H4 COO (CH2)2 O )n + nH2O

nHOOC C6H4 COOH + nHO (CH2)2 OH Nhn xt: y l mt cu khng kh

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LP BI DNG KIN THC HA HC 10, 11, 12

18A/88-INH VN T-TP.HI DNG

Cu 7: Cho 61,2 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long, un nng v khuy u. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 3,36 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc), dung dch Y v cn li 2,4 gam kim loi. C cn dung dch Y, thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 151,5. B. 97,5. C. 137,1. D. 108,9. 2+ 2+ 3+ Fe Cu Fe Gi : ta c: nNO = 0,15 mol v ta ch v cp oxi ha - kh: Fe Cu Fe 2+ Qua d kin bi ra, ta nhn s c : 2,4 gam kim loi cha phn ng l Cu v Fe3O4 to thnh Fe(NO3)2.

N +5 + 3e N +2 Cu 2e Cu +2
x 2x x 0,45 0,15

3 Fe

8 + 3

+ 2e 3 Fe+2
2y 3y

Gi x, y ln lt l s mol Cu v Fe3O4 tham gia phn ng.

3y

p dng nh lut bo ton nguyn t v bo ton electron ta s c: 64 x + 2, 4 + 232 y = 61, 2 x = 0,375mol 2 x = 2 y + 0, 45 y = 0,15mol Vy khi lng mui thu c sau phn ng l: 0,375.(64 + 62.2) + 0,15.3.(56 + 62.2) = 151,5 gam Nhn xt: y l mt bi c th ni l tng i l kh, n i hi s t duy cao v c kh nng khi qut ha, tng hp cc kin thc lm. Cu 2+ Fe3+ Cu Fe 2+ Cu 8: Khi nhit phn hon ton tng mui X, Y th u to ra s mol kh nh hn s mol mui tng ng. t mt lng nh tinh th Y trn n kh khng mu, thy ngn la c mu vng. Hai mui X, Y ln lt l: A. KMnO4, NaNO3. B. Cu(NO3)2, NaNO3. C. CaCO3, NaNO3. D. NaNO3, KNO3. Gi : S c nhiu em hc sinh qun phn ng gia cp oxi ha kh
K 2 MnO4 + O2 + MnO2 2 KMnO4 2 NaNO2 + O2 2 NaNO3 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

Ta c cc phng trnh phn ng nhit phn mui:

2CuO + 4 NO2 + O2 2Cu ( NO3 ) 2 CaO + CO2 CaCO3 2 KNO3 2 KNO2 + O2

Qua cc phng trnh trn ta thy rng phng trnh (1), (2) v (5) l cc phng trnh c s mol kh nh hn s mol ca mui. => loi p n B v C v c hai p n cn la chn l A v D. + Tinh th Y khi t trn n kh khng my li c thy ngn la mu vng => tinh th Y phi l mui cha ion kim loi Na => loi p n D Vy p n chnh xc l p n A Cu 9: Hn hp X gm axit Y n chc v axit Z hai chc (Y, Z c cng s nguyn t cacbon). Chia X thnh hai phn bng nhau. Cho phn mt tc dng ht vi Na, sinh ra 4,48 lt kh H2 ( ktc). t chy hon ton phn hai, sinh ra 26,4 gam CO2. Cng thc cu to thu gn v phn trm v khi lng ca Z trong hn hp X ln lt l B. HOOC-COOH v 60,00%. A. HOOC-CH2-COOH v 70,87%. C. HOOC-CH2-COOH v 54,88%. D. HOOC-COOH v 42,86%. Gi : Ta c nH 2 = 0, 02mol v n CO2 = 0, 06mol

2 RCOOH x

+2 Na 2 RCOONa +

H2 x/2

R ( COOH )2 y

+2 Na R ( COONa ) 2 +

H2 y
4

tm hiu v ng k hc, hy gi in ti s 09798.17.8.85 (gp Thy Qunh) Bin son v ging dy: Thy Ng Xun Qunh (E_mail: hoahoc.org@gmail.com Website: hoahoc.org)

LP BI DNG KIN THC HA HC 10, 11, 12

18A/88-INH VN T-TP.HI DNG

x (1) nH 2 = + y = 0, 02mol 2 1, 5 < n < 3 => n = 2 n CO = nx + ny = 0, 06mol (2) (vi n l s nguyn t C trong axit) 2 Vy axit Y: CH3COOH v axit Z: HOOC-COOH Thay vo (1), (2) x = 0,02 , y = 0,01
%HOOC COOH = 0,1.90 .100 = 42, 86(%) 0,1.90 + 0,2.60

Nhn xt: y l mt bi tp tnh ton tng i n gin, n kh quen thuc vi dng p dng phng php trung bnh Cu 10: Dy gm cc cht c sp xp theo chiu tng dn nhit si t tri sang phi l: A. CH3CHO, C2H5OH, HCOOH, CH3COOH. B. CH3COOH, HCOOH, C2H5OH, CH3CHO. C. HCOOH, CH3COOH, C2H5OH, CH3CHO D. CH3COOH, C2H5OH, HCOOH, CH3CHO. Gi : Ta da vo kh nng lin kt hidro sp xp.
o o o - Cht no c lin kt hidro cng mnh th cng c nhit si cao nht: t s (axit) > t s (ancol) > t s (andehit)

- M cng ln th nhit si cng ln. Vy p n l A. Cu 11: Cho dung dch cha 6,03 gam hn hp gm hai mui NaX v NaY (X, Y l hai nguyn t c trong t nhin, hai chu k lin tip thuc nhm VIIA, s hiu nguyn t ZX < ZY) vo dung dch AgNO3 (d), thu c 8,61 gam kt ta. Phn trm khi lng ca NaX trong hn hp ban u l A. 58,2%. B. 52,8%. C. 41,8%. D. 47,2%.

Gi : Gi s hai mui NaX v NaY u to kt ta vi AgNO3 => Cng thc chng cho hai mui: Na X
Na X (23 + X ) 6, 03 + AgNO3 Ag X + NaNO3 (108+X ) 8,61 23 + X 108 + X = => X = 175, 66 6, 03 8, 61

Khng c halogen tho mn c NaF (AgF khng kt ta) cn li NaCl


%mNaF = Ta d dng tnh c: nNaCl = nAgCl = 0,06
6, 03 0, 06.58, 5 .100 = 41, 8(%) 6, 03

Cu 12: Ha tan hon ton 20,88 gam mt oxit st bng dung dch H2SO4 c, nng thu c dung dch X v 3,248 lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). C cn dung dch X, thu c m gam mui sunfat khan. Gi tr ca m l D. 58,0. A. 52,2. B. 48,4. C. 54,0. Gi : nSO2 = 0,145mol + Cch 01: i s + bo ton electron FexOy : a mol xFe+3 xFe+2y/x - (3x 2y)e ax a(3x 2y) +6 S + 2e S+4 0,29 0,145 (3x - 2y)a = 0,29 x = y (56x + 16y)a = 20,88 Oxit st: FeO; s mol FeO = 20,88/72 = 0,29 mol => S mol : Fe2(SO4)3 = 0,29/2 = 0,145 mol m = 0,145. 400 = 58,0 + Cch 02: p dng phng php quy i Qui FexOy thnh Fe v O Cho : Fe - 3e Fe3+ . Nhn: O + 2e O2- v S+6 + 2e S+4 x 3x x y 2y 0,29 0,145
tm hiu v ng k hc, hy gi in ti s 09798.17.8.85 (gp Thy Qunh) Bin son v ging dy: Thy Ng Xun Qunh (E_mail: hoahoc.org@gmail.com Website: hoahoc.org) 5

LP BI DNG KIN THC HA HC 10, 11, 12

18A/88-INH VN T-TP.HI DNG

56x + 16y = 20, 88 x = 0, 29 Fe2 ( SO4 )3 mmui = 05.0, 29.400 = 58 gam 3 x 2 y 0, 29 y 0,29 = + = Nhn xt: y l mt bi ton tng i n gin, n ch mang tnh cht tnh ton v vn dng phng php gii, vi nhng hc sinh hi t K3P th vic gii qut bi ton ny kh n gin Cu 13: Cho cc phn ng ha hc sau:
(1) (NH4)2SO4 + BaCl2 (3) Na2SO4 + BaCl2 (6) Fe2(SO4)3 + Ba(NO3)2 (5) (NH4)2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 Cc phn ng u c cng mt phng trnh ion thu gn l? A. (1), (2), (3), (6). B. (3), (4), (5), (6). C. (2), (3), (4), (6). D. (1), (3), (5), (6). 2+ 2 Gi : (1), (2), (3) v (6) u c cng phng trnh ion thu gn l: Ba + SO4 BaSO4 (2) CuSO4 + Ba(NO3)2 (4) H2SO4 + BaSO3

Cu 14: Ha tan m gam hn hp gm Al, Fe vo dung dch H2SO4 long (d). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 (d) vo dung dch X, thu c kt ta Y. Nung Y trong khng kh n khi lng khng i, thu c cht rn Z l B. hn hp gm BaSO4 v FeO. A. hn hp gm Al2O3 v Fe2O3. C. hn hp gm BaSO4 v Fe2O3. D. Fe2O3. Gi : FeSO4 Fe(OH)2 Fe(OH)3 Fe +H SO +Ba(OH)2 , du +O2 +H2O, t0 t0 2 4 Fe2O3 ,BaSO4 Al(OH)3 , tan Al Al (SO ) BaSO BaSO 2 4 3 4 4 Cu 15: Cho 0,02 mol amino axit X tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,1M thu c 3,67 gam mui khan. Mt khc 0,02 mol X tc dng va vi 40 gam dung dch NaOH 4%. Cng thc ca X l B. H2NC2H3(COOH)2. A. (H2N)2C3H5COOH. C. H2NC3H6COOH. D. H2NC3H5(COOH)2. Gi : Theo bi da vo d kin 0,02 mol amino axit X tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch HCl 0,1M ta loi ngay c p n A Ta c nNaOH = 0,04 mol = 2naxit => c 2 nhm axit => loi tip c p n C Ta c cng thc ca amino axit dng: H2N-R-(COOH)2 (HOOC)2RNH3Cl (HOOC)2RNH2 + HCl 3, 67 0,02 0,02 Mmui = 45.2 + R + 52,5 = = 183, 5 R = 41 (-C3H5-) 0, 02 Vy X l: (HOOC)2C3H5NH2 Cu 16: Cho 2,24 gam bt st vo 200 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm AgNO3 0,1M v Cu(NO3)2 0,5M. Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch X v m gam cht rn Y. Gi tr ca m l A. 2,80. B. 4,08. C. 2,16. D. 0,64. Gi : Ta ch v v tr ca cp oxi ha kh trong dy in ha:

Fe2 + Fe

Cu 2+ Cu

Fe3+ Fe 2+

Ag + Ag
Fe + Cu 2+ Fe 2+ + Cu
0,03 0,03 0,03

Ta c: nFe = 0,04 mol; nAgNO3 = 0, 02mol v n Cu(NO3 )2 = 0,1mol

Fe2 + + 2 Ag Ta c th t phng trnh phn ng: Fe + 2 Ag +


0,01 0,02 0,02

Khi lng cht rn Y ;: 0,02.108 + 0,03.64 = 4,08 gam Cu 17: Cho X l hp cht thm; a mol X phn ng va ht vi a lt dung dch NaOH 1M. Mt khc nu cho a mol X phn ng vi Na (d) th sau phn ng thu c 22,4a lt kh H2 ( ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l tm hiu v ng k hc, hy gi in ti s 09798.17.8.85 (gp Thy Qunh) Bin son v ging dy: Thy Ng Xun Qunh (E_mail: hoahoc.org@gmail.com Website: hoahoc.org) 6

LP BI DNG KIN THC HA HC 10, 11, 12

18A/88-INH VN T-TP.HI DNG

A. CH3-C6H3(OH)2. C. HO-CH2-C6H4-OH.

B. HO-C6H4-COOCH3. D. HO-C6H4-COOH.

Gi : X tc dng c vi NaOH => X cha mt nguyn t H linh ng (Nhm -OH lin kt trc tip vi vng benzen hoc c nhm -COOH) => loi p n A Mt khc: nH 2 = nX => c cha cha 2 nguyn t H linh ng
Vy loi p n B v D v cui cng l p n ng: C Cu 18: Hn hp kh X gm H2 v mt anken c kh nng cng HBr cho sn phm hu c duy nht. T khi ca X so vi H2 bng 9,1. un nng X c xc tc Ni, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp kh Y khng lm mt mu nc brom; t khi ca Y so vi H2 bng 13. Cng thc cu to ca anken l A. CH3-CH=CH-CH3. B. CH2=CH-CH2-CH3. C. CH2=C(CH3)2. D. CH2=CH2. Gi : V Anken c kh nng cng HBr cho sn phm duy nht => loi ngay p n B v C v theo quy tc cng c kh nng to ra hai sn phm (sn phm chnh v sn phm ph) Ta gi cng thc ca anken l : CnH2n vi s mol l a mol => s mol ca H2 l 1-a mol (coi hn hp c 1 mol) Cn H 2 n + H 2 Cn H 2 n + 2 1 x Tng s mol l 1 x 0 1 2x x Theo bi ta c: + Trc p: 14nx+(1-x).2=9,1.2 Tng s mol l 1-x

x = 0,3mol Anken : CH 3 CH = CH CH 3 + Sau p: x(14n+2) + 2(1-2x) = 13.2(1-x) n = 4 Cu 19: Th nghim no sau y c kt ta sau phn ng? A. Cho dung dch NaOH n d vo dung dch Cr(NO3)3. B. Cho dung dch HCl n d vo dung dch NaAlO2 (hoc Na[Al(OH)4]). C. Thi CO2 n d vo dung dch Ca(OH)2. D. Cho dung dch NH3 n d vo dung dch AlCl3. Gi : Da vo tnh cht ha hc ca cc cht +) 3NaOH + Cr(NO3)3 => 3NaNO3 + Cr(OH)3 v NaOH + Cr(OH)3 => NaCrO2 + 2H2O v Al(OH)3 + 3HCl => AlCl3 + 3H2O +) HCl + NaAlO2 + H2O => NaCl + Al(OH)3 +) CO2 + Ca(OH)2 => CaCO3 + H2O v CO2 + CaCO3 + H2O => Ca(HCO3)2 +) 3NH3 + 3H2O + AlCl3 => Al(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl Cu 20: Cho mt s tnh cht: c dng si (1) tan trong nc (2) tan trong nc Svayde (3) phn ng vi axit nitric c (xc tc axit sunfuric c) (4) tham gia phn ng trng bc (5) b thu phn trong dung dch axit un nng (6). Cc tnh cht ca xenluloz l: B. (1), (3), (4) v (6) C. (2), (3), (4) v (5) D. (1,), (2), (3) v (4) A. (3), (4), (5) v (6) Gi : Xem li SGK Cu 21: Cho cc hp cht sau : (b) HOCH2-CH2-CH2OH (a) HOCH2-CH2OH (c) HOCH2-CH(OH)-CH2OH (d) CH3-CH(OH)-CH2OH (f) CH3-O-CH2CH3 (e) CH3-CH2OH Cc cht u tc dng c vi Na, Cu(OH)2 l C. (a), (c), (d) D. (c), (d), (e) A. (c), (d), (f) B. (a), (b), (c) Gi : Tc dng c vi Na => Cht phi cha nhm OH; tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 => cha nhm OH lin k nhau tm hiu v ng k hc, hy gi in ti s 09798.17.8.85 (gp Thy Qunh) Bin son v ging dy: Thy Ng Xun Qunh (E_mail: hoahoc.org@gmail.com Website: hoahoc.org) 7

LP BI DNG KIN THC HA HC 10, 11, 12

18A/88-INH VN T-TP.HI DNG

Vy p n l C. Cu 22: S ipeptit ti a c th to ra t mt hn hp gm alanin v glyxin l C. 4 D. 1 A. 2 B. 3 Gi : lm bi ny ta c th hnh dung l t hai s 1 v 2 th c th c bao nhiu cch ghp n lin li vi nhau thnh thnh 1 s gm c hai s: 11; 22; 12; 21 => p n l C Cu 23: Cho cc phn ng sau :

PbCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O (a) 4HCl + PbO2

(b) HCl + NH4HCO3 NH4Cl + CO2 + H2O

(c) 2HCl + 2HNO3 2NO3 + Cl2 + 2H2O (d) 2HCl + Zn ZnCl2 + H2 S phn ng trong HCl th hin tnh kh l A. 2 B. 4 C. 1 D. 3 Gi : ta mun xc nh c phn ng m HCl th hin tnh kh => Cl s cho i electron thnh s oxi ha

Cl2 dng cao hn. 2Cl 2e

Cu 24: Cho hai hp cht hu c X, Y c cng cng thc phn t l C3H7NO2. Khi phn ng vi dung dch NaOH, X to ra H2NCH2COONa v cht hu c Z ; cn Y to ra CH2=CHCOONa v kh T. Cc cht Z v T ln lt l B. C2H5OH v N2 A. CH3OH v CH3NH2 C. CH3OH v NH3 D. CH3NH2 v NH3 Gi : Ta vo d kin Y (C3H7NO2) + NaOH => CH2=CHCOONa v kh T Ta nhn thy rng T s khng cn cha nguyn t C na (Loi ngay p n A). Mt khc X (C3H7NO2) + NaOH => H2NCH2COONa v cht hu c Z. Theo nh lut bo ton nguyn t => Z khng c cha nguyn t N => loi tip c p n D v B (do X cha nhiu hn 1 nguyn t C) Vy p n chnh xc l p n C C3H7NO2 + NaOH H2NCH2COONa + CH3OH ; C3H7NO2 + NaOH CH2=CHCOONa + NH3 + H2O (X) (Z) (Y) (T) Cu 25: Nung nng m gam hn hp gm Al v Fe3O4 trong iu kin khng c khng kh. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c hn hp rn X. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d) thu c dung dch Y, cht rn Z v 3,36 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Sc kh CO2 (d) vo dung dch Y, thu c 39 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l A. 48,3 B. 57,0 C. 45,6 D. 36,7 Gi : Theo bi sau X + NaOH => kh H2 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O => 2NaAlO2 + 3H2 => p nhit nhm th Al cn d 9Fe + 4Al2O3 8Al + 3Fe3O4 0,4 0,4.3/8 Cht rn X: Fe ; Al2O3 ; Al d Dd Y: NaAlO2 NaAlO2 + CO2 + 2H2O => NaHCO3 + Al(OH)3 S mol Al d sau p nhit nhm = 2/3 s mol H2 = 2/3. 3,36/22,4 = 0,1 mol S mol Al ban u = s mol Al(OH)3 = 39/78 = 0,5 mol S mol Al tham gia p nhit nhm = 0,5 0,1 = 0,4 mol S mol Fe3O4 = 0,4.3/8 = 0,15 mol => m = 0,5. 27 + 0,15. 232 = 48,3 Cu 26: Cho hn hp X gm CH4, C2H4 v C2H2. Ly 8,6 gam X tc dng ht vi dung dch brom (d) th khi lng brom phn ng l 48 gam. Mt khc, nu cho 13,44 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X tc dng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 36 gam kt ta. Phn trm th tch ca CH4 c trong X l D. 50% A. 40% B. 20% C. 25% Gi : 13,44 lit X : S mol hn hp X = 13,44/22,4 = 0,6 mol S mol C2Ag2 = 36/240 = 0,15 mol. Suy ra s mol C2H2 = 0,15 mol
tm hiu v ng k hc, hy gi in ti s 09798.17.8.85 (gp Thy Qunh) Bin son v ging dy: Thy Ng Xun Qunh (E_mail: hoahoc.org@gmail.com Website: hoahoc.org) 8

LP BI DNG KIN THC HA HC 10, 11, 12

18A/88-INH VN T-TP.HI DNG

S mol Br2 p = 48/160 = 0,3 mol Trong 8,6gam X: CH4: amol; C2H4: bmol; C2H2: c mol Trong 13,44 lit X: CH4: na mol; C2H4: nb mol; C2H2: nc mol Ta c: 16a + 28b + 26c = 8,6 a = 0,2 b + 2c = 0,3 b = 0,1 nc = 0,15 c = 0,1 na + nb + nc = 0,6 %V ca CH4 = (0,2/0,4).100 = 50% Cu 27: Cho cht xc tc MnO2 vo 100 ml dung dch H2O2, sau 60 giy thu c 3,36 ml kh O2 ( ktc). Tc trung bnh ca phn ng (tnh theo H2O2) trong 60 giy trn l B. 5,0.10-4 mol/(l.s) C. 1,0.10-3 mol/(l.s) D. 5,0.10-5 mol/(l.s) A. 2,5.10-4 mol/(l.s) MnO2 Gi : 2 H 2O2 2 H 2O + O2
H 2O2 nH 2O2 = 3.104 mol CM = 3.10 3 M V = 5.105 mol / l.s Ta c nO2 = 1,5.10 4 mol

Cu 28: Trn 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm H2SO4 0,05M v HCl 0,1M vi 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm NaOH 0,2M v Ba(OH)2 0,1M thu c dung dch X. Dung dch X c pH l A. 1,2 B. 1,0 C. 12,8 D. 13,0 Gi : S mol H2SO4 = 0,05.0,1 = 0,005 mol, suy ra s mol H+ = 0,01 mol S mol HCl = 0,1.0,1 = 0,01 mol , suy ra s mol H+ = 0,01 mol Tng s mol H+ = 0,01 + 0,01 = 0,02 mol S mol NaOH = 0,2. 0,1 = 0,02 mol, suy ra s mol OH- = 0,02 mol S mol Ba(OH)2 = 0,1. 0,1 = 0,01 mol, suy ra s mol OH- = 0,02 mol Tng s mol OH- = 0,04 mol H2 O H+ + OH0,02 0,02 S mol OH- d = 0,04 0,02 = 0,02 mol => [OH-]d = 0,02/(0,1 + 0,1) = 0,1 mol/lit = 10-1 pOH = 1 => pH = 14 1 = 13 Cu 29: in phn c mng ngn 500 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm CuCl2 0,1M v NaCl 0,5M (in cc tr, hiu sut in phn 100%) vi cng dng in 5A trong 3860 giy. Dung dch thu c sau in phn c kh nng ho tan m gam Al. Gi tr ln nht ca m l B. 2,70 C. 1,35 D. 5,40 A. 4,05 Gi :

mCl2 =

35, 5.5.3860 = 7,1(g ) ng vi nCl = 0,1 (mol); nCuCl = 0,05; nNaCl = 0,25 96500.1
2 2

dpdd dpdd Cu + Cl2 ; 2NaCl + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2 + Cl2 ; Al + NaOH + H2O NaAlO2 + 3/2H2 CuCl2 0,05 0,05 0,1 0,1 0,05 0,1 0,1 mAlmax = 0,1.27= 2,7 (g) Cu 30: Cho hn hp X gm hai hp cht hu c no, n chc tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch KOH 0,4M, thu c mt mui v 336 ml hi mt ancol ( ktc). Nu t chy hon ton lng hn hp X trn, sau hp th ht sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d) th khi lng bnh tng 6,82 gam. Cng thc ca hai hp cht hu c trong X l B. CH3COOH v CH3COOC2H5 A. HCOOH v HCOOC2H5 C. C2H5COOH v C2H5COOCH3 D. HCOOH v HCOOC3H7 Gi : Ta c nancol = 0,015 mol nKOH = 0,04 mol = nX m X li gm hai hp cht hu c no, n chc v tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch KOH 0,4M, thu c mt mui v 336 ml hi mt ancol Vy hn hp X cha 1 axit hu c v mt este ca chnh axit hu c => CT: Cn H 2 n O2

Cn H 2 n O2 nCO2 + nH 2O => 0,04 n.44 + 0, 04.n.18 = 6,82 n = 2, 75 tm hiu v ng k hc, hy gi in ti s 09798.17.8.85 (gp Thy Qunh) Bin son v ging dy: Thy Ng Xun Qunh (E_mail: hoahoc.org@gmail.com Website: hoahoc.org) 9

LP BI DNG KIN THC HA HC 10, 11, 12

18A/88-INH VN T-TP.HI DNG

CnH2nO2 (l axit) v CmH2mO2 (l esste) =>

0, 015.m + (0, 04 0, 015).n = 2, 75 => 0,11 = 0,015m + 0,025n 0, 04

3m + 5n = 22 => n =2; m =4 Cu 31: Cho cc hp cht hu c : (1) ankan; (2) ancol no, n chc, mch h; (3) xicloankan; (4) ete no, n chc, mch h; (5) anken; (6) ancol khng no (c mt lin kt i C=C), mch h (7) ankin; (8) anehit no, n chc, mch h; (9) axit no, n chc, mch h (10) axit khng no (c mt lin kt i C=C), n chc Dy gm cc cht khi t chy hon ton u cho s mol CO2 bng s mol H2O l : A. (3), (5), (6), (8), (9) B. (3), (4), (6), (7), (10) C. (2), (3), (5), (7), (9) D. (1), (3), (5), (6), (8) Gi : t chy mt cht m c c nCO2 = nH 2O Cc cht c dng CT l: C n H 2 n Ox ....

Cu 32: in phn nng chy Al2O3 vi anot than ch (hiu sut in phn 100%) thu c m kg Al catot v 67,2 m3 ( ktc) hn hp kh X c t khi so vi hiro bng 16. Ly 2,24 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh X sc vo dung dch nc vi trong (d) thu c 2 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l B. 75,6 C. 67,5 D. 108,0 A. 54,0 Gi :
pnc 2 Al2O3 4 Al + 3O2

O2 + 2C 2CO

O2 + C CO2

Ta c M X = 32 Gi s rng trong X c cha a mol CO2, b mol CO v c mol O2 44a + 28b + 32c => ta c: a + b + c = 3 mol v = 32 Mt khc ta c nCaCO3 = 0, 02mol nCO2 / 2,24 l = 0, 02mol 3 => a = 0,6 mol => a = 0,6 ; b = 1,8 v c = 0,6 vy m = (0,6 + 0,9 + 0,6).(4/3). 27 = 75,6 gam Cu 33: Khi nhit phn hon ton 100 gam mi cht sau : KClO3 (xc tc MnO2), KMnO4, KNO3 v AgNO3. Cht to ra lng O2 ln nht l B. AgNO3 C. KMnO4 D. KClO3 A. KNO3 Gi : Phng trnh nhit phn:
MnO2 2 KClO3 2 KCl + 3O2

2 KNO3 2 KNO2 + O2 2 AgNO3 2 Ag + 2 NO2 + O2

2 KMnO4 K 2 MnO4 + MnO2 + O2

Da theo phng trnh v t l s phn t kh O2 to ra, ta nhn thy rng KClO3 l cht c kh nng to ra lng kh O2 nhiu nht Cu 34: Hn hp X gm hai este no, n chc, mch h. t chy hon ton mt lng X cn dng va 3,976 lt kh O2 ( ktc), thu c 6,38 gam CO2. Mt khc, X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, thu c mt mui v hai ancol l ng ng k tip. Cng thc phn t ca hai este trong X l A. C2H4O2 v C3H6O2 B. C3H4O2 v C4H6O2 C. C3H6O2 v C4H8O2 D. C2H4O2 v C5H10O2 Gi : Theo bi X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, thu c mt mui v hai ancol l ng ng k tip vy hai este ny no, n chc, mch h v k tip nhau trong dy ng ng => CT: Cn H 2 n O2

3n 2 3n 2 nCO2 + nH 2O O2 a = 0, 04mol = 0,1775 a. 2 Theo bi ta c: 2 3n 2 n = 3, 6 a n = 0,145 a mol a. an 2 Vy cng thc cu to ca hai este l: C3H6O2 v C4H8O2 => p n C Cn H 2 n O2 +
tm hiu v ng k hc, hy gi in ti s 09798.17.8.85 (gp Thy Qunh) Bin son v ging dy: Thy Ng Xun Qunh (E_mail: hoahoc.org@gmail.com Website: hoahoc.org) 10

LP BI DNG KIN THC HA HC 10, 11, 12

18A/88-INH VN T-TP.HI DNG

Cu 35: Hai hp cht hu c X v Y l ng ng k tip, u tc dng vi Na v c phn ng trng bc. Bit phn trm khi lng oxi trong X, Y ln lt l 53,33% v 43,24%. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y tng ng l A. HO-CH2-CH2-CHO v HO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CHO B. HO-CH(CH3)-CHO v HOOC-CH2-CHO C. HO-CH2-CHO v HO-CH2-CH2-CHO D. HCOOCH3 v HCOOCH2-CH3 Gi : Ta ch vo d kin bi ton v cc p n a ra => Loi p n D do khng cha cht tc dng vi Na. V loi p n B do hai cht cho khc dy ng ng. Vy cn li hai p n A v C, cc cht trong hai p n A v C u c cng dng cng thc: CnH2nO2 32 53, 33 = n = 2 => p n C Theo bi ra ta c: %OX = 14n + 32 100 Cu 36: Hp cht hu c X tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH un nng v vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3. Th tch ca 3,7 gam hi cht X bng th tch ca 1,6 gam kh O2 (cng iu kin v nhit v p sut). Khi t chy hon ton 1 gam X th th tch kh CO2 thu c vt qu 0,7 lt ( ktc). Cng thc cu to ca X l A. CH3COOCH3 B. O=CH-CH2-CH2OH C. HOOC-CHO D. HCOOC2H5 Gi : Ta d dng xc nh MX = 74 => S nguyn t C 2,3125 => Loi p n C Theo bi X tc dng c vi NaOH => Loi p n B Mt khc X tc dng c vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 => p n D Cu 37: Thc hin cc th nghim sau : (I) Cho dung dch NaCl vo dung dch KOH. (II) Cho dung dch Na2CO3 vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 (III) in phn dung dch NaCl vi in cc tr, c mng ngn (IV) Cho Cu(OH)2 vo dung dch NaNO3 (V) Sc kh NH3 vo dung dch Na2CO3. (VI) Cho dung dch Na2SO4 vo dung dch Ba(OH)2. Cc th nghim u iu ch c NaOH l: B. II, III v VI C. I, II v III D. I, IV v V A. II, V v VI Cu 38: Ho tan hon ton 2,9 gam hn hp gm kim loi M v oxit ca n vo nc, thu c 500 ml dung dch cha mt cht tan c nng 0,04M v 0,224 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Kim loi M l A. Ca B. Ba C. K D. Na Gi : 2M + 2nH2O 2M(OH)n + H2 0,02/n 0,02/n 0,01 2M(OH)n M2On + nH2O 0,01 0,01/n 0,02 0,02/n S mol H2 = 0,224/22,4 = 0,01mol S mol M(OH)n = 0,5.0,04 = 0,02mol M.0,02/n + (0,01 0,01/n)(2M + 16n) = 2,9 => 0,02M + 0,16n = 3,06. Suy ra: n = 2, M = 137 Cu 39: Khi cho a mol mt hp cht hu c X (cha C, H, O) phn ng hon ton vi Na hoc vi NaHCO3 th u sinh ra a mol kh. Cht X l A. etylen glicol B. axit aipic C. axit 3-hiroxipropanoic D. ancol o-hiroxibenzylic Gi : Theo bi n phn ng c vi Na, vi c NaHCO3 v nX = nkh => phn t cha 2 nguyn t H linh ng trong c 1 nguyn t H mang tnh axit => p n C (HO-CH2-CH2-COOH) Do etylen glicol v ancol o-hiroxibenzylic khng tc dng c vi NaHCO3 cn axit aipic th cha ti tn 2 nguyn t H mang tnh axit. Cu 40: Pht biu no sau y l ng?
tm hiu v ng k hc, hy gi in ti s 09798.17.8.85 (gp Thy Qunh) Bin son v ging dy: Thy Ng Xun Qunh (E_mail: hoahoc.org@gmail.com Website: hoahoc.org) 11

LP BI DNG KIN THC HA HC 10, 11, 12

18A/88-INH VN T-TP.HI DNG

A. Nc thuc loi tinh th phn t. B. th rn, NaCl tn ti di dng tinh th phn t C. Photpho trng c cu trc tinh th nguyn t D. Kim cng c cu trc tinh th phn t. Gi : y l mt cu kh n gin nhng a s cc em hc sinh s lng tng khi gp cu ny v n thuc vo phn m cc em hu nh khng quan tm nhiu trong ha hc lp 10 + NaCl thuc loi tinh th ion + P trng thuc loi tinh th phn t + Kim cng thuc loi tinh th nguyn t

II. Phn RING [10 cu] Th sinh ch c chn lm mt trong hai phn (phn A hoc B) A. Theo chng trnh Chun (10 cu, t cu 41 n cu 50)
Cu 41: Pht biu no sau y l ng ? B. Xenluloz c cu trc mch phn nhnh A. Glucoz b kh bi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3 C. Amilopectin c cu trc mch phn nhnh D. Saccaroz lm mt mu nc brom Gi : - A sai v y glucozo kh c Ag+ thnh Ag (Ag+ l cht oxi ha hay cht b kh) - B sai v Xenlulozo l cht c cu trc mch thng, c to ra bi cc mt xch glucozo vi lin kt

1, 4 glicozit
- D sai v saccarozo khng cn c nhm -OH semiaxetal => khng c tnh kh - C ng v amilopectin c cu to mch phn nhnh cn amilozo li c cu to mch thng. Cu 42: Nhng mt thanh st nng 100 gam vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm Cu(NO3)2 0,2M v AgNO3 0,2M. Sau mt thi gian ly thanh kim loi ra, ra sch lm kh cn c 101,72 gam (gi thit cc kim loi to thnh u bm ht vo thanh st). Khi lng st phn ng l D. 1,40 gam A. 2,16 gam B. 0,84 gam C. 1,72 gam

Gi : Ta c v tr cc cp in oxi ha kh trong dy in ha:


Ta c: nCu ( NO3 )2 = 0, 02mol v n AgNO3 = 0, 02mol
Fe + 2 Ag + Fe 2+ + 2 Ag
0,01 0,02 0,02

Fe2+ Fe

Cu 2+ Cu

Fe3+ Fe2+

Ag + Ag

Fe + Cu 2+ Fe 2+ + Cu
x x x

Theo bi ra ta c: 100 (0,01+x).56 + 0,02.108 + 64x = 101,72 => x = 0,015mol Vy khi lng st tham gia phn n l: (0,01 + 0,015).56 = 1,4 gam => p n D Nhn xt: y l mt dng ton quen thuc v phn ng gia kim loi v dung dch mui. Cu 43: Hir ho hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai anehit no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng thu c (m + 1) gam hn hp hai ancol. Mt khc, khi t chy hon ton cng m gam X th cn va 17,92 lt kh O2 ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l B. 17,8 C. 8,8 D. 24,8 A. 10,5 Gi : Gi cng thc TB ca hai andehit no, n chc mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng l: Cn H 2 nO
C n H 2 n+ 2O C n H 2nO + H 2 C n H 2nO + 3n 1 nC O 2 + nH 2 O O2 2

Ta c: mH 2 = 1 gam => nH 2 = 0,5 mol => 0, 5.

3n 1 = 0,8 => n = 1, 4 => m = 0,5.(14.1, 4 + 16) = 17,8 gam 2

tm hiu v ng k hc, hy gi in ti s 09798.17.8.85 (gp Thy Qunh) Bin son v ging dy: Thy Ng Xun Qunh (E_mail: hoahoc.org@gmail.com Website: hoahoc.org) 12

LP BI DNG KIN THC HA HC 10, 11, 12

18A/88-INH VN T-TP.HI DNG

Nhn xt: y l bi tp rt n gin, quen thuc i vi phng php t cng thc trung bnh cho hai cht k tip nhau trong cng mt dy ng ng. Cu 44: Cho 100 ml dung dch KOH 1,5M vo 200 ml dung dch H3PO4 0,5M, thu c dung dch X. C cn dung dch X, thu c hn hp gm cc cht l B. KH2PO4 v K3PO4 A. K3PO4 v KOH C. KH2PO4 v H3PO4 D. KH2PO4 v K2HPO4 n Gi : Ta c nKOH = 0,15mol v n H3 PO4 = 0,1mol KOH = 1,5 n H3 PO4
Ta c:

Vy dung dch X thu c sau phn ng s cha KH2PO4 v K2HPO4 => p n D Cu 45: ng dng no sau y khng phi ca ozon? A. Cha su rng B. Ty trng tinh bt, du n C. iu ch oxi trong phng th nghim D. St trng nc sinh hot Gi : Xem li ng dng ca ozon trong bi oxi ozon Cu 46: Cho hirocacbon X phn ng vi brom (trong dung dch) theo t l mol 1 : 1, thu c cht hu c Y (cha 74,08% Br v khi lng). Khi X phn ng vi HBr th thu c hai sn phm hu c khc nhau. Tn gi ca X l A. but-1-en B. but-2-en C. propilen D. xiclopropan Gi : Theo bi th X s cha 1 lin kt i (cng vi HBr => 2 sn phm) CnH2n + Br2 => CnH2nBr2 Ta c %mBr = 74,08% => n = 4 v da vo X cng vi HBr => 2 sn phm => p n A Nhn xt: Vi bi ton ny ch cn da vo d kin: Khi X phn ng vi HBr th thu c hai sn phm hu c khc nhau, chng ta cng s d dng loi c hai p n B v C. Khi nu theo phng php ngu nhin th chng ta s c hiu qu l 50% Cu 47: Cho s chuyn ho gia cc hp cht ca crom :
+ ( Cl2 + KOH ) + H 2 SO4 + ( FeSO4 + H 2 SO4 ) + KOH Cr (OH )3 X Y Z T

Cc cht X, Y, Z, T theo th t l: A. KCrO2; K2CrO4; K2Cr2O7; Cr2(SO4)3 B. K2CrO4; KCrO2; K2Cr2O7; Cr2(SO4)3 D. KCrO2; K2Cr2O7; K2CrO4; Cr2(SO4)3 C. KCrO2; K2Cr2O7; K2CrO4; CrSO4 Gi : Da vo tnh cht ha hc ca Crom v cc hp cht ca Crom
+ KOH d CrO2 => loi p n B Cr(OH)3 c tnh lng tnh tng t nh Al(OH)3. + ( Cl2 + KOH ) + ( Cl2 + KOH ) 2 KCrO2 Y th Clo l cht c tnh oxi ha mnh => CrO2 CrO4

vy p n l A. Cu 48: Este X (c khi lng phn t bng 103 vC) c iu ch t mt ancol n chc (c t khi hi so vi oxi ln hn 1) v mt amino axit. Cho 25,75 gam X phn ng ht vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr m l A. 29,75 B. 27,75 C. 26,25 D. 24,25 Gi : nX = 0,25 mol < nNaOH = 0,3 mol => NaOH d sau phn ng Theo bi: M ( H 2 N ) x R (COOR ') y = 103 = 16 x + R + 44 y + R ' y do Mancol > 32 => ROH khng th l CH3OH Nn ta s c x = y = 1 => M H 2 NRCOOR ' = 103 = 16 + R + 44 + R ' R + R ' = 43
tm hiu v ng k hc, hy gi in ti s 09798.17.8.85 (gp Thy Qunh) Bin son v ging dy: Thy Ng Xun Qunh (E_mail: hoahoc.org@gmail.com Website: hoahoc.org) 13

LP BI DNG KIN THC HA HC 10, 11, 12

18A/88-INH VN T-TP.HI DNG

=> R l C2H5- c M = 29 v R l -CH2- c M = 14 H 2 NCH 2COONa + C2 H 5OH

H 2 NCH 2COOC2 H 5 + NaOH

0,25

0,25

NaOH
0,05

Vy m = 26,25 gam

Nhn xt: y l mt bi tp rt hay, i hi nhiu k nng t duy, phn tch v nhn xt im mu cht ca bi ton l vic phn tch d kin Este X (c khi lng phn t bng 103 vC) c iu ch t mt ancol n chc (c t khi hi so vi oxi ln hn 1) v mt amino axit. Nu nh cc em hc sinh khng phn tch c d kin ny th bi ton gn nh b tc. Cu 49: Ho tan hon ton 24,4 gam hn hp gm FeCl2 v NaCl (c t l s mol tng ng l 1 : 2) vo mt lng nc (d), thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch AgNO3 (d) vo dung dch X, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton sinh ra m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l A. 68,2 B. 28,7 C. 10,8 D. 57,4 Gi : Vi bi ton ny, cc em hc sinh thng qun khng v gi tr in cc c sp xp theo th t:

Fe2+ Cu 2+ Fe3+ Ag + Fe Cu Fe2+ Ag Khi s c phn ng gia: 3FeCl2 + 3AgNO3 => 2FeCl3 + Fe(NO3)3 + 3Ag V Ag+ + Cl- => AgCl Ta d dng tnh c s mol ca FeCl2 0,1 mol v NaCl 0,2 mol => nCl = 0, 4mol
Vy khi lng cht rn l: 0,4.(108+35,5) + 0,1.108 = 68,2 gam Cu 50: t chy hon ton 1 mol hp cht hu c X, thu c 4 mol CO2. Cht X tc dng c vi Na, tham gia phn ng trng bc v phn ng cng Br2 theo t l mol 1 : 1. Cng thc cu to ca X l A. HOOC-CH=CH-COOH B. HO-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-CHO C. HO-CH2-CH2-CH2-CHO D. HO-CH2-CH=CH-CHO Gi : Theo bi th X s c cha 4 nguyn t C => loi p n B X tc dng vi Na => X cha nhm -OH hoc nhm -COOH X c phn ng trng bc => c cha nhm -CHO => loi p n A X c phn ng cng Brom => c cha lin kt i => p n cn la chn l D

B. Theo chng trnh Nng cao (10 cu, t cu 51 n cu 60)


2 4 Butan 2 ol X (anken) Y Z Cu 51: Cho s chuyn ho: Trong X, Y, Z l sn phm chnh. Cng thc ca Z l A. CH3-CH(MgBr)-CH2-CH3 B. (CH3)3C-MgBr D. (CH3)2CH-CH2-MgBr C. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-MgBr Gi : da theo cc quy tc: tch nc (quy tc Zaixep), quy tc cng HBr (Cng maccopnhicop)

H SO c, t0

+ HBr

+Mg, ete khan

Vy p n A l p n chnh xc.

Cu 52: Cho cc th in cc chun : EAl3+

Al

0 0 0 = 1,66V ; EZn = 0,76V ; EPb = 0,13V ; ECu 2+ 2+ 2+ Zn Pb

= +0,34V .
Cu

Trong cc pin sau y, pin no c sut in ng chun ln nht? A. Pin Zn - Pb B. Pin Pb - Cu C. Pin Al - Zn

D. Pin Zn Cu

Gi : Ta c v tr th t ca cc cp:

Al Al

3+

Zn Zn

2+

Pb Pb

2+

Cu Cu

2+

tm hiu v ng k hc, hy gi in ti s 09798.17.8.85 (gp Thy Qunh) Bin son v ging dy: Thy Ng Xun Qunh (E_mail: hoahoc.org@gmail.com Website: hoahoc.org) 14

LP BI DNG KIN THC HA HC 10, 11, 12

18A/88-INH VN T-TP.HI DNG

Pin no c cp cht cng xa nhau th cng c sut in ng cng ln. Qua v tr ta thy cp km - ng l xa nhau nht => p n l D Chng ta cng c th tnh ton c th s liu da vo cng thc: o EPin = E(0+ ) E(0 ) ( kim loi yu lm cc dng) Pin Zn - Pb Pin Pb - Cu Pin Al - Zn Pin Zn Cu 0,63V 0,47V 0,9V 1,1V Cu 53: Pht biu no sau y khng ng? A. Glucoz tn ti dng mch h v dng mch vng B. Glucoz tc dng c vi nc brom C. Khi glucoz dng vng th tt c cc nhm OH u to ete vi CH3OH D. dng mch h, glucoz c 5 nhm OH k nhau. Gi : Vi cu hi ny chng ta phi nm tht r c im cu to, cu trc v tnh cht ha hc ca glucozo Ta nhn thy c mt sai: l to ete vi CH3OH. Ch c duy nht nhm OH semiaxetal dng mch vng vi c kh nng thay th bng nhm -OCH3. Cu 54: Cho dung dch X cha hn hp gm CH3COOH 0,1M v CH3COONa 0,1M. Bit 250C Ka ca CH3COOH l 1,75.10-5 v b qua s phn li ca nc. Gi tr pH ca dung dch X 25o l D. 4,76 A. 1,00 B. 4,24 C. 2,88 Gi : CH 3COO + H+ CH3COOH x.(0,1 + x) = 1,75.105 0 0,1 0,1 Ban u Ka = 0,1 x pH = 4,76 x Phn ly x x x x = 1, 7497.105 x Sau phn ng 0,1-x 0,1+x Nhn xt: y l mt cu hi kh n gin, thuc vo chng trnh ha hc lp 11. Trong bi ton ny chng ta Ka rt l nh nn c th tnh ton gn ng v khi th chp nhn x = Ka Cu 55: Khi ho tan hon ton 0,02 mol Au bng nc cng toan th s mol HCl phn ng v s mol NO (sn phm kh duy nht) to thnh ln lt l B. 0,06 v 0,02 C. 0,03 v 0,02 D. 0,06 v 0,01 A. 0,03 v 0,01 Gi : Ta c nc cng ton l hn hp: 3 HCl : 1 HNO3 Phng trnh phn ng: Au + 3 HCl + HNO3 AuCl3 + 2 H 2O + NO
Au 3e Au +3 nNO = 0, 02mol => p n B n mol = 0, 06 N +5 + 3e N +2 HCl Cu 56: Cho 0,04 mol mt hn hp X gm CH2=CH-COOH, CH3COOH v CH2=CH-CHO phn ng va vi dung dch cha 6,4 gam brom. Mt khc, trung ho 0,04 mol X cn dng va 40 ml dung dch NaOH 0,75 M . Khi lng ca CH2=CH-COOH trong X l A. 1,44 gam B. 2,88 gam C. 0,72 gam D. 0,56 gam CH 2 = CH COOH + Br2 CH 2 Br CHBr COOH

Gi : CH 2 = CH CHO + 2 Br2 + H 2O CH 2 Br CHBr COOH + HBr


CH 3 COOH

Gi s mol ca CH2=CH-COOH, CH3COOH v CH2=CH-CHO ln lt l x, y v z mol

x + y + z = 0,04 mol x = 0,02mol Ta c: x + 2z = 0,04 mol y = 0,01mol mCH2 =CH COOH = 0,02.72 = 1,44gam x + y = 0,03 mol z = 0,01mol
tm hiu v ng k hc, hy gi in ti s 09798.17.8.85 (gp Thy Qunh) Bin son v ging dy: Thy Ng Xun Qunh (E_mail: hoahoc.org@gmail.com Website: hoahoc.org) 15

LP BI DNG KIN THC HA HC 10, 11, 12

18A/88-INH VN T-TP.HI DNG

Vy p n A Nhn xt : - y l mt cu hi rt hay, n nh gi c kh nng hiu v vn dng kin thc ca hc sinh v tnh oxi ha ca dung dch Brom hay ni cch khc l kh nng b oxi ha ca nhm CHO trong dung dch brom - Trong bi ton ny, nhiu em hc sinh s qun v phn ng oxi ha nhm -CHO ca Br2 trong dung dch.

Cu 57: Ngi ta iu ch anilin bng s sau:

Fe + HCl 3 c Benzen Nitrobenzen Anilin H 2 SO4 c t0

+ HNO

Bit hiu sut giai on to thnh nitrobenzen t 60% v hiu sut giai on to thnh anilin t 50%. Khi lng anilin thu c khi iu ch t 156 gam benzen l A. 186,0 gam B. 111,6 gam C. 55,8 gam D. 93,0 gam Gi : T s iu ch:
3 c Fe + HCl C H NO H 2 SO4 c C6 H 5 NH 2 6 5 2 t0 78 123 93 mC6 H5 NH 2 = 55,8 gam 156 156.123 60 156.123 93 60 50 . . 78 100 78 123 100 100 Nhn xt : y l mt cu hi n gin, ch yu cu v mt k nng tnh ton da theo hiu sut ca phn ng. Cu 58: Phn bn no sau y lm tng chua ca t? A. NaNO3 B. KCl C. NH4NO3 D. K2CO3 Gi : Ta cn c vo kh nng phn li trong dung dch ca mui: + NH 4 NO3 K 2CO3 NO3 + NH 4 2 K + + CO32 + NaNO3 Na + + NO3 + + 2 + NH 3 + H 3O + HCO3 + OH + KCl K + + Cl NH 4 + H 2O CO3 + H 2O Vy phn bn NH4NO3 c kh nng tng thm H+ => lm tng chua ca t => p n l C. Nhn xt: - y l mt bi kh n gin thuc chng trnh ha hc lp 11 phn in ly, cc em hc sinh ch cn hiu r v qu trnh phn li ca cc cht, cc ion trong dung dch l c th lm c. Cu 59: Hn hp X gm hai ancol no, n chc, mch h, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Oxi ho hon ton 0,2 mol hn hp X c khi lng m gam bng CuO nhit thch hp, thu c hn hp sn phm hu c Y. Cho Y tc dng vi mt lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3, thu c 54 gam Ag. Gi tr ca m l A. 15,3 B. 8,5 C. 8,1 D. 13,5 Gi : ta c nAg = 0,5 mol > 0,2.2 mol => c andehit HCHO trong hn hp Y Vy hai ru s l CH3OH v C2H5OH vi s mol ln lt l x v y mol CH 3OH HCHO 4 Ag

C6 H 6

+ HNO

CH 3CH 2OH

CH 3CHO 2 Ag

x + y = 0, 2mol x = 0, 05mol m = 8,5 gam Ta c : 4 x + 2 y = 0,5mol y = 0,15mol Vy p n l B. Nhn xt : - y l mt kh quen thuc v bi ton andehit. - Trong bi ton ny im mu cht l bit nhn xt v mi quan h gia s mol ca Ag vi s mol ca Andehit. Cu 60: Ho tan hon ton 1,23 gam hn hp X gm Cu v Al vo dung dch HNO3 c, nng thu c 1,344 lt kh NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch Y. Sc t t kh NH3 (d) vo dung dch Y, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam kt ta. Phn trm v khi lng ca Cu trong hn hp X v gi tr ca m ln lt l B. 78,05% v 0,78 C. 78,05% v 2,25 D. 21,95% v 2,25 A. 21,95% v 0,78
tm hiu v ng k hc, hy gi in ti s 09798.17.8.85 (gp Thy Qunh) Bin son v ging dy: Thy Ng Xun Qunh (E_mail: hoahoc.org@gmail.com Website: hoahoc.org) 16

LP BI DNG KIN THC HA HC 10, 11, 12

18A/88-INH VN T-TP.HI DNG

Gi : nNO2 = 0, 06 mol
S ha bi ton:

Cu 2+ Cu 2e
Al 3e Al
3+

N +5 + 1e N +4

Gi s mol ca Cu v Al ln lt l x v y mol => 64x + 27y = 1,23 gam Theo nh lut bo ton electron ta c : 2x + 3y = 0,06 64 x + 27 y = 1, 23 x = 0, 015mol %mCu = 78, 05% Kt hp ta c: 2 x + 3 y = 0, 06 y = 0, 01mol Theo s trn ta c khi lng Al(OH)3 l: 0,01.78 = 0,78 gam. Vy p n l B. Nhn xt: - y l mt dng ton rt quen thuc thng gp trong cc thi tuyn sinh. - Cc p n nhiu a ra kh hp l. i vi nhng hc sinh qun mt v vic to phc ca ng trong dung dch NH3 th s chn kt qu C.

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tm hiu v ng k hc, hy gi in ti s 09798.17.8.85 (gp Thy Qunh) Bin son v ging dy: Thy Ng Xun Qunh (E_mail: hoahoc.org@gmail.com Website: hoahoc.org) 17

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