Ti liu ha hc

lp 12

TI LIU N TP MN HA HC LP 12 THPT
Chng 1. ESTE LIPIT
Phn 1. Tm tt l thuyt . Bi 1. ESTE . I. Khi nim : Khi thay nhm OH nhm cacboxyl ca axit cacboxylic bng nhm OR th c este Este n chc RCOOR Trong R l gc hidrocacbon hay H; R l gc hidrocacbon Este no n chc : CnH2nO2 ( vi n 2) Tn ca este : Tn gc R+ tn gc axit RCOO (ui at) Vd : CH3COOC2H5 : Etylaxetat CH2=CH- COOCH3 : metyl acrylat II. L tnh :- nhit si , tan trong nc thp hn axit v ancol c cng s cacbon : axit > ancol > este - Mt s mi c trng : Isoamyl axetat : mi chui chn ; Etyl butiat ,etyl propionat c mi da III Tnh cht ha hc : 1.Thy phn trong mi trng axit : to ra 2 lp cht lng , l phn ng thun nghch (2 chiu ) H 2 SO4 d RCOOH + R,OH RCOOR + H2O
to

2.Thy phn trong mi trng baz ( Phn ng x phng ha ) : l phn ng 1 chiu RCOOR + NaOH t RCOONa + ROH 3. Phn ng gc hidrocacbon a) Phn ng trng hp + trng hp vinyl axetat thnh poli(vinyl axetat)
0

nCH2

CH OCOCH3

xt, to, p

CH

CH2 n OCOCH3

P.V.A + trng hp metyl metacrylat thnh poli(metyl metacrylat) thu tinh hu c plexiglas). nCH2 CH COOCH3
xt, to, p

CH3 CH CH2 n COOCH3 poli(metyl metacrylat) (PMM)

CH3 metyl metacrylat b) Phn ng cng vo gc khng no

CH2=CHCOOCH3 + Br2 CH2Br - CHBrCOOCH3 4. Phn ng ging andehit ca este HCOOR (phn ng trng gng v kh Cu(OH)2/OH- to ra Cu2O gch) HCOOR + 2AgNO3 + 2NH3 + H2O HOCOOR + 2Ag + 2NH4NO3 5. Phn ng kh este bi lti-nhm hirua LiAlH4 thnh ancol bc I
4 RCH2OH + R'OH RCOOR' 2) H3O +

1) LiAlH

V Th Ngc Hn___________________________________________________________________ 1

Ti liu ha hc IV. iu ch : H 2 SO ,0 4 t este + H2O 1) Este ca ancol: axit + ancol H 2 SO ,0 4 t RCOOR + H2O . RCOOH + ROH 2) Este ca phenol : phenol + anhidric axit este + axit C6H5OH + (RCO)2O RCOOC6H5 + RCOOH 3) Phng php ring iu ch RCOOCH=CH2 RCOOH + CHCH RCOOCH=CH2

lp 12

Bi 2. LIPIT
I. Khi nim:Lipit l nhng hp cht hu c c trong t bo sng, khng ha tan trong nc nhng tan nhiu trong dung mi hu c khng phn cc. II. Cht bo: 1/ Khi nim: Cht bo l trieste ca glixerol vi axit bo c mch cacbon di ( C 16) gi chung l triglixerit hay triaxylglixerol. Cng thc:R1COO-CH2 R1,R2,R3: l gc hidrocacbon 2 R COO-CH R3COO-CH2 Vd:[CH3(CH2)16COO]3C3H5 : tristearoylglixerol (tristearin) *Cc axit bo thng gp: + Axit bo no: C15H31COOH: axit panmitic C17H35COOH: axit stearic + Axit bo khng no C17H33COOH: axit oleic (1 ni i) C17H31COOH: axit linoleic (2 ni i) 2/ Tnh cht vt l: - nhit thng,cht bo trng thi lng khi trong phn t c gc hidrocacbon khng no. trng thi rn khi trong phn t c gc hidrocacbon no. 3/ Tnh cht ha hc: a.Phn ng thy phn: H 3CH3(CH2)16COOH+C3H5(OH)3 [CH3(CH2)16COO]3C3H5+3H2O t c. Phn ng cng hidro ca cht bo lng thnh cht bo rn (b nhn to) Ni (C17H33COO)3C3H5+3H2 1751950 C (C17H35COO)3C3H5 lng rn b. Phn ng x phng ha: t0 [CH3(CH2)16COO]3C3H5 + 3NaOH 3[CH3(CH2)16COONa] +C3H5(OH)3 tristearin Natristearat x phng
+ o

Phn 2: Trc nghim l thuyt

Cu 1: S ng phn este ng vi cng thc phn t C3H6O2 l A. 5. B. 4. C. 2. D. 3. Cu 2: S ng phn este ng vi cng thc phn t C4H8O2 l A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5. Cu 3: Cht X c cng thc phn t C3H6O2, l este ca axit axetic. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l V Th Ngc Hn___________________________________________________________________ 2

Ti liu ha hc lp 12 A. C2H5COOH. B. HO-C2H4-CHO. C. CH3COOCH3. D. HCOOC2H5. Cu 4: Este etyl axetat c cng thc l A. CH3CH2OH. B. CH3COOH. C. CH3COOC2H5. D. CH3CHO. Cu 5: un nng este HCOOCH3 vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sn phm thu c l A. CH3COONa v C2H5OH. B. HCOONa v CH3OH. C. HCOONa v C2H5OH. D. CH3COONa v CH3OH. Cu 6: Este etyl fomiat c cng thc l A. CH3COOCH3. B. HCOOC2H5. C. HCOOCH=CH2. D. HCOOCH3. Cu 7: un nng este CH3COOC2H5 vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sn phm thu c l A. CH3COONa v CH3OH. B. CH3COONa v C2H5OH. C. HCOONa v C2H5OH. D. C2H5COONa v CH3OH. Cu 8: Hp cht Y c cng thc phn t C 4H8O2. Khi cho Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH sinh ra cht Z c cng thc C3H5O2Na. Cng thc cu to ca Y l A. C2H5COOC2H5. B. CH3COOC2H5. C. C2H5COOCH3. D. HCOOC3H7. Cu 9: Thy phn este X trong mi trng kim, thu c natri axetat v ancol etylic. Cng thc ca X l A. C2H3COOC2H5. B. CH3COOCH3. C. C2H5COOCH3. D. CH3COOC2H5. Cu 10: Este metyl acrilat c cng thc l A. CH3COOCH3. B. CH3COOCH=CH2. C. CH2=CHCOOCH3. D. HCOOCH3. Cu 11: Este vinyl axetat c cng thc l A. CH3COOCH3. B. CH3COOCH=CH2. C. CH2=CHCOOCH3. D. HCOOCH3. Cu 12: un nng este CH2=CHCOOCH3 vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sn phm thu c l A. CH2=CHCOONa v CH3OH. B. CH3COONa v CH3CHO. C. CH3COONa v CH2=CHOH. D. C2H5COONa v CH3OH. Cu 13: Khi t chy hon ton mt este no, n chc th s mol CO 2 sinh ra bng s mol O2 phn ng. Tn gi ca este l A. n-propyl axetat. B. metyl axetat. C. etyl axetat. D. metyl fomiat. Cu 14: Cho glixerol phn ng vi hn hp axit bo gm C 17H35COOH v C15H31COOH, s loi trieste c to ra ti a l ( s trieste = n2(n+1)/2). A. 6. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4. Cu 15: Khi thu phn cht bo trong mi trng kim th thu c mui ca axit bo v A. phenol. B. glixerol. C. ancol n chc. D. este n chc. Cu 16: Khi x phng ha tristearin ta thu c sn phm l A. C15H31COONa v etanol. B. C17H35COOH v glixerol. C. C15H31COOH v glixerol. D. C17H35COONa v glixerol. Cu 17: Khi x phng ha tripanmitin ta thu c sn phm l A. C15H31COONa v etanol. B. C17H35COOH v glixerol. C. C15H31COONa v glixerol. D. C17H35COONa v glixerol. Cu 18: Khi x phng ha triolein ta thu c sn phm l A. C15H31COONa v etanol. B. C17H35COOH v glixerol. C. C15H31COONa v glixerol. D. C17H33COONa v glixerol. Cu 19: Este c CTPT C3H6O2 c gc ancol l etyl th axit to nn este l A. axit axetic B. Axit propanoic C. Axit propionic D. Axit fomic Cu 20: Metyl propionat l tn gi ca hp cht c cng thc cu to no sau y? A. HCOOC3H7 B. C2H5COOCH3 C. C3H7COOH D. CH3COOC2H5 Cu 21: Este C4H8O2 tham gia c phn ng trng bc, c cng thc cu to nh sau A. HCOOC2H5. B. C2H5COOCH3. C. CH3COOCH=CH2. D. HCOOCH2CH2CH3. Cu 22: Trong cc hp cht sau, hp cht no thuc loi cht bo? A. (C17H31COO)3C3H5. B. (C16H33COO)3C3H5. V Th Ngc Hn___________________________________________________________________ 3

Ti liu ha hc lp 12 C. (C6H5COO)3C3H5. D. (C2H5COO)3C3H5. Cu 23. Cho cc pht biu sau a. khi un cht bo vi dung dch NaOH th thu c x phng. b. Phn ng este ha l phn ng mt chiu. c. Etyl axetat c phn ng vi Na. d. Phn ng ca este vi dung dch kim gi l phn ng x phng ha. e. Cht bo l trieste ca glixerol vi cc axit bo. S pht biu ng l A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Cu 24: iu ch x phng, ngi ta c th thc hin phn ng A. un nng axt bo vi dd kim B. un nng glixerol vi axt bo C. un nng lipit vi dd kim D. A, C ng Cu 25: Sp xp theo ng th t nhit si ca cc cht: Ancol etylic, Axitaxetic, etylaxetat A. Ancol etylic< Axitaxetic< etylaxetat B. Ancol etylic<etylaxetat < Axitaxetic C. etylaxetat < Ancol etylic< Axitaxetic D. etylaxetat < Axitaxetic < Ancol etylic Cu 26 : Khng nn dng x phng khi git ra vi nc cng v: A. Xut hin kt ta lm gim tc dng git ra v nh hng n cht lng si vi. B. Gy hi cho da tay. C. Gy nhim mi trng. D. To ra kt ta CaCO3, MgCO3 bm ln si vi. Cu 27: Cht git ra tng hp c u im l A. c th dng git ra c trong nc cng B. r tin hn x phng C. d tm D. c kh nng ho tan tt trong nc Cu 28: Hp cht mch h X c CTPT C3H6O2. X khng tc dng vi Na v X c th cho phn ng trng gng. CTCT ca X l: A. CH3-CH2-COOH B. HO-CH2-CH2-CHO C. HCOOC2H5 D. CH3-COOCH3 Cu 29: Nhit si ca C2H5OH, CH3CHO, CH3COOH, CH3COOCH3 gim dn theo: A. CH3COOH > C2H5OH > CH3COOCH3 > CH3CHO B. CH3COOH > CH3COOCH3 > C2H5OH > CH3CHO C. C2H5OH > CH3COOH > CH3CHO> CH3COOCH3 D. C2H5OH > CH3CHO > CH3COOCH3 > CH3COOH Cu 30: Thy phn este X trong mi trng kim, thu c natri axetat v ancol etylic. Cng thc ca X l A. C2H3COOC2H5. B. CH3COOCH3. C. C2H5COOCH3. D. CH3COOC2H5. Cu 31: C th gi tn este (C17H33COO)3C3H5 l A. triolein B. tristearin C. tripanmitin D. Stearic

Phn 3: Cc dng bi tp thng gp

Dng 1: Tm CTPT ca este da vo phn ng t chy Phng php: + t CTTQ ca este: CnH2nO2 + Vit ptp chy: CnH2nO2 +

3n 2 O2 nCO2 + n H2O 2

+ t s mol ca CO2 hoc H2O vo ptr ri suy ra s mol ca CnH2nO2 + T CT : M Cn H 2 nO2 = Du hiu:

m . n

Th cc d kin bi cho vo CT => n => CTPT cn tm.

+ nH 2O = nCO2 + Este c to bi axt no n chc v ancol no n chc.

V Th Ngc Hn___________________________________________________________________ 4

Ti liu ha hc

lp 12

+ Nhn vo p n nu ch ton l este no n chc => Nu thy c 1 trong 3 du hiu ny th c t CTTQ l (CnH2nO2) ri gii nh hng dn trn.

* Este n chc chy cho nCO2 = nH 2O , suy ra este n chc khng no 1 ni i, mch h (CnH2n2O2) neste = nCO2 nH 2O

V d 1: t chy hon ton 1,48 g este A thu c 2,64g CO2 v 1,08 g H2O. Tm CTPT ca A. A. C2H4O2 B. C3H6O2 C. C4H8O2 D. C3H4O2 V d 2: t hon ton 4,2g mt este E thu c 6,16g CO 2 v 2,52g H2O. Cng thc cu to ca E l A. HCOOC2H5. B. CH3COOC2H5. C. CH3COOCH3. D. HCOOCH3. V d 3 : Este X to bi ancol no n chc v axit cacboxylic khng no (c 1 lin kt i) n chc. t chy m mol X thu c 22,4 lt CO2 (ktc) v 9g H2O .Gi tr ca m l bao nhiu trong cc s cho di y? A. 1 mol B. 2 mol C. 3 mol D. Kt qu khc V d 4: t chy hon ton 0,1 gam mt cht hu c X cn 4,48 lt kh oxi (kc) thu c nCO2 :nH2O = 1 : 1 . Bit rng X tc dng vi NaOH to ra hai cht hu c. CTCT ca X l: A. HCOOC3H7 B. HCOOCH3 C. CH3COOC2H5 D. C2H5COOCH3 V d 5: (H B-09) Hn hp X gm hai este no, n chc, mch h. t chy hon ton mt lng X cn dng va 3,976 lt kh O 2 ( ktc), thu c 6,38 gam CO 2. Mt khc, X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, thu c mt mui v hai ancol l ng ng k tip. Cng thc phn t ca hai este trong X l A. C2H4O2 v C3H6O2 B. C3H4O2 v C4H6O2 C. C3H6O2 v C4H8O2 D. C2H4O2 v C5H10O2 Dng 2: Tm CTCT ca este da vo phn ng x phng ha: 1. X phng ha este n chc: RCOOR + NaOH t RCOONa + ROH 2. Lu : Mt s este khi thu phn khng to ancol:
0

Este + NaOH 1 mui + 1 anehit Este n chc c gc ancol dng cng thc R-CH=CH-

Th d CH3COOCH=CH-CH3 Este + NaOH 1 mui + 1 xeton Este n chc vi dng cng thc R COO C(R)=C(R)R Th d : CH3-COO-C(CH3)= CH2 to axeton khi thu phn. Este + NaOH 2 mui + H2O Este ca phenol: C6H5OOC-R Este + NaOH 1 sn phm duy nht Este n chc 1 vng
R C O O

+NaOH

R OH

COONa

3. Xc nh cng thc cu to este hu c hai chc: a. Mt ancol v hai mui: V Th Ngc Hn___________________________________________________________________ 5

Ti liu ha hc R1 C
O

lp 12
O R O C O R2 + 2NaOH R1 COONa + R2 COONa + R(OH)2

nOH = 2neste=
b. Hai ancol v mt mui:

nmui; nancol = neste

R1

O
OH

R2 + 2NaOH

R1OH + R2OH + R(COONa)2

O O n = 2nmui = 2neste; nOH- = 2 nru. 4. Khi xc nh cng thc cu to este hu c ta nn ch : - Este c s nguyn t C 3 - Este c Meste 100 vC Este n chc. nNaOH - T l mol: = s nhm chc este. neste
t - Cho phn ng: Este + NaOH Mui + Ru p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c: meste + mNaOH = mmui + mru C cn dung dch sau phn ng c cht rn khan, ch n lng NaOH cn d hay khng.
0

V d 1: t chy hon ton 1 mol este X thu c 3 mol kh CO 2. Mt khc khi x phng ha 0,1 mol este trn thu c 8,2 gam mui cha natri. Tm CTCT ca X . A. HCOOC3H7 B. HCOOCH3 C. CH3COOC2H5 D. C2H5COOCH3 V d 2: Cho 20 gam mt este X (c phn t khi l 100 vC) tc dng vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Sau phn ng, c cn dung dch thu c 23,2 gam cht rn khan. Cng thc cu to ca X l A. CH2=CHCH2COOCH3. B. CH3COOCH=CHCH3. C. C2H5COOCH=CH2. D. CH2=CHCOOC2H5. V d 3: X phng ha 8,8 gam etyl axetat bng 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c cht rn khan c khi lng l A. 8,2 gam. B. 8,56 gam. C. 3,28 gam. D. 10,4 gam. V d 4: X l mt este no n chc, c t khi hi i vi CH4 l 5,5. Nu em un 2,2 gam este X vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c 2,05 gam mui. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. HCOOCH2CH2CH3. B. C2H5COOCH3. C. CH3COOC2H5. D. HCOOCH(CH3)2. V d 5: X phng ho hon ton 1,99 gam hn hp hai este bng dung dch NaOH thu c 2,05 gam mui ca mt axit cacboxylic v 0,94 gam hn hp hai ancol l ng ng k tip nhau. Cng thc ca hai este l A. CH3COOC2H5 v CH3COOC3H7. B. C2H5COOCH3 v C2H5COOC2H5. C. CH3COOCH3 v CH3COOC2H5. D. HCOOCH3 v HCOOC2H5. V d 6 : Este X khng no, mch h, c t khi hi so vi oxi bng 3,125 v khi tham gia phn ng x phng ho to ra mt anehit v mt mui ca axit hu c. C bao nhiu CTCT ph hp vi X? A. 5. B. 3. C. 4. D. 2.
Dng 3: Tm CTCT ca este da vo t khi hi Nh CT: deste/B =

M este MB

=> Meste => n=> CTPT

( Mkk = 29)

V d 1. T khi hi ca mt este so vi khng kh bng 2,07 . CTPT ca este l: A. C2H4O2 B. C3H6O2 C. C4H8O2 D. C5H10O2 V d 2. Este A iu ch t ancol metylic c t khi so vi oxi l 2,3125. Cng thc ca A l: A. C2H5COOC2H5. B. CH3COOCH3. C. CH3COOC2H5. D. C2H5COOCH3

V Th Ngc Hn___________________________________________________________________ 6

Ti liu ha hc
V d 3. Este A iu ch t ancol metylic c t khi so vi metan l 3,75. Cng thc ca A l: A. C2H5COOCH3. B. HCOOCH3. C. C2H5COOC2H5. D. HCOOC2H5. V d 4. Este A iu ch t ancol metylic c t khi so vi metan l 3,75. Cng thc ca A l: A. C2H5COOCH3. B. HCOOCH3. C. C2H5COOC2H5. D. HCOOC2H5

lp 12

Dng 4: Tnh hiu sut phn ng este ha H 2 SO ,0 4 t RCOOR + H2O . RCOOH + ROH Trc phn ng: a mol b mol Phn ng; x x x Sau phn ng; ax bx x . Tnh hiu sut phn ng - Nu a b H tnh theo ancol - Nu a < b H tnh theo axit V d 1: un 12 gam axit axetic vi 13,8 gam etanol (c H2SO4 c lm xc tc) n khi phn ng t ti trng thi cn bng, thu c 11 gam este. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l A. 62,5%. B. 75%. C. 55%. D. 50%. V d 2: un nng 6,0 gam CH3COOH vi 6,0 gam C2H5OH (c H2SO4 lm xc tc, hiu sut phn ng este ho bng 50%). Khi lng este to thnh l A. 6,0 gam. B. 4,4 gam. C. 8,8 gam. D. 5,2 gam
Dng 5: Hai este c cng KLPT tc dng vi NaOH Cn nh:

nNaOH

meste M este =

=> t

nNaOH suy ra

VNaOH

n mNaOH = CM hoc = n.M tu theo bi yu cu.

V d 1. X phng ha hon ton 37,0 gam hn hp 2 este l HCOOC 2H5 v CH3COOCH3 bng dung dch NaOH, un nng. Khi lng NaOH cn dng l A. 8,0g B. 20,0g C. 16,0g D. 12,0g V d 2. X phng ha 22,2g hn hp 2 este l HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3 dng ht 200 ml dd NaOH . Nng mol/l ca dung dch NaOH l. A. 0,5 B. 1 M C. 1,5 M D. 2M V d 3. X phng ha hon ton 17,6 gam hn hp 2 este l etyl axetat v metyl propionat bng lng va V (ml) dung dch NaOH 0,5M. Gi tr V l A. 200 ml. B. 500 ml. C. 400 ml. D. 600 ml.

Dng 6: Tnh khi lng cht bo hoc khi lng x phng Ta c PTTQ: (RCOO)3C3H5 + 3 NaOH 3RCOONa ( cht bo) (X phng) p dng LBT KL: +C3H5(OH)3 ( glixerol)

mcht bo + mNaOH = mx phng + mglixerol => m ca cht cn tm

V d 1. un nng cht bo cn va 40 kg dung dch NaOH 15%, gi s phn ng xy ra hon ton. Khi lng (kg) glixerol thu c l A. 13,8 B. 4,6 C. 6,975 D. 9,2 V d 2. X phng ha hon ton 17,24 gam cht bo cn va 0,06 mol NaOH. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c khi lng x phng l A. 16,68 gam. B. 18,38 gam. C. 18,24 gam. D. 17,80 gam.

V Th Ngc Hn___________________________________________________________________ 7

Ti liu ha hc

lp 12

V d 3. un nng 4,03 kg panmitin vi lng d dung dch NaOH th thu c bao nhiu kg x phng cha 72% mui natri panmitat ? A. 5,79 B. 4,17 C. 7,09 D. 3,0024 V d 3. Khi lng Glixerol thu c khi un nng 2,225 kg cht bo (loi tristearin) c cha 20% tp cht vi dung dch NaOH. (coi nh phn ng xy ra hon ton) l: A. 1,78 kg. B. 0,184 kg. C. 0,89 kg. D. 1,84 kg V d 4. X phng ha 8,8 gam etyl axetat bng 100 ml dung dch NaOH 2M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c cht rn khan c khi lng l A. 3,28 gam. B. 8,56 gam. C. 8,2 gam. D. 12,2 gam. V d 5. Thu phn este X c CTPT C4H8O2 trong dung dch NaOH thu c hn hp hai cht hu c Y v Z trong Y c t khi hi so vi H2 l 16. X c cng thc l A. HCOOC3H7 B. CH3COOC2H5 C. HCOOC3H5 D. C2H5COOCH

Dng 7: Xc nh ch s axit, ch s este ha, ch s x phng ha. Ton v cht bo - Ch s axit: l s mg KOH cn trung ho axit bo t do c trong 1g cht bo. - Ch s x phng ho : l tng s mg KOH cn x phng ho glixerit v trung ho axit bo t do c trong 1g cht bo. Ch s x phng ha = Ch s este ha + ch s axit - Ch s iot: l s gam iot c th cng hp vo cc lin kt bi c trong 100g cht bo. V d 1: trung ho lng axit t do c trong 14 gam mt mu cht bo cn 15ml dung dch KOH 0,1M. Ch s axit ca mu cht bo trn l A. 4,8. B. 6,0. C. 5,5. D. 7,2. V d 2: X phng ho hon ton 17,24 gam cht bo cn va 0,06 mol NaOH. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c khi lng x phng l A. 17,80 gam. B. 18,24 gam. C. 16,68 gam. D. 18,38 gam. V d 3: Thu phn hon ton cht bo E bng dung dch NaOH thu c 1,84g glixerol v 18,24g mui ca axit bo duy nht. Cht bo l A. (C17H33COO)3C3H5. B. (C17H35COO)3C3H5. C. (C15H31COO)3C3H5. D. (C15H29COO)3C3H5. V d 4: trung ha ht 4g cht bo c ch s axit bng 7 cn 1 lng NaOH l A. 0,028g B. 0,02g C. 0,28g D. 0,2g V d 5: Khi x phng ha hon ton 2,52g cht bo cn 90 ml dung dch KOH 0,1m. Ch s x phng ha ca cht bo l A. 200 B. 190 C.210 D.180 V d 6: Khi x phng ha hon ton 2,52g cht bo X c ch s x phng ha l 200 thu c 0,184g glixerol. Ch s axit ca X l A. 10,15 B. 66,67 C. 55,55 D. 67,87

Phn 4. Trc nghim chng 1

Cu 1: Este no khng thu c bng phn ng gia axit v ancol? A Allyl axetat B Vynyl axetat C Etyl axetat D Metyl arcrylat Cu 2: Thy phn este X trong mi trng kim thu c natri axetat v ru etylic. Cng thc ca X l A Etyl propionat B Etyl axetat C Metyl axetat D Metyl propionat Cu 3: ng dng ca este trong cuc sng cng nh trong cng nghip l: A c dng iu ch polime sn xut cht do B Dng lm hng liu trong CN thc phm C Dng lm dung mi D Tt c u ng Cu4: Khi x phng ha tristearin ta thu c sn phm l: V Th Ngc Hn___________________________________________________________________ 8

Ti liu ha hc lp 12 A C17H35COONa v glixerol B C17H35COOH v glixerol C C17H31COONa v etanol D C15H31COONa v glixerol Cu 5: Cho s : CH4 A B C D E CH4. Hai cht C, D ln lt l: A CH3COOH v CH3COONa B CH3CHO v CH3COOH C CH3COOH v CH3COO-CH=CH2 D C2H5OH v CH3COOH Cu 6: iu kin thng cht bo tn ti dng: A Lng hoc rn B Lng hoc kh C Lng D Rn Cu 7: Cho hn hp hai cht hu c mch thng X, Y tc dng vi NaOH d thu c mt ru n chc v mt mui ca mt axit hu c n chc. Nhn xt no sau y khng ng? A X, Y l 2 este n chc ca cng mt axit B X mt axit hu c n chc, Y ru n chc C X ru n chc, Y l mt este n chc c to ra t ru X D X axit n chc, Y l mt este n chc c to ra t axit X Cu 8: Thy phn este E c cng thc phn t C4H8O2 (c mt H2SO4 long), thu c 2 sn phm hu c X v Y. T X c th iu ch trc tip ra Y bng 1 phn ng duy nht. Tn gi ca E l: A Propyl fomat B Etyl axetat C Metyl propionat D Ancol etylic Cu 9: Hp cht X n chc c cng thc n gin nht l CH 2O. X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH nhng khng tc dng vi Natri. Cng thc cu to ca X l: A CH3COOCH3 B HCOOCH3 C CH3COOH D OHCCH2OH Cu 10: S ng phn n chc v tp chc ng vi cng thc phn t C3H6O2 l: A 3 v 4 B 3 v 3 C 2 v 3 D 2 v 5 Cu 11: C bao nhiu este c cng thc phn t C4H6O2 v chng u c th to ra t phn t este ha? A 5 B 2C 4 D 1 Cu 12: Cho cc cht c cng thc cu to nh sau: HOCH 2-CH2OH (X); HOCH2-CH2-CH2OH (Y); HOCH2-CHOH-CH2OH (Z); CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3 (R); CH3-CHOH-CH2OH (T). Nhng cht tc dng c vi Cu(OH)2 to thnh dung dch mu xanh lam l A X, Y, Z, T. B Z, R, T. C X, Y, R, T. D X, Z, T. Cu 13: Pht biu no sau y khng ng A Cht bo l Trieste ca glixerol vi cc axit monocacboxylic c mch cacbon di khng phn nhnh. B Cht bo cha ch yu cc gc khng no ca axit thng l cht lng nhit phng. C Phn ng thy phn cht bo trong mi trng kim l phn ng thun nghch. D Cht bo cha ch yu cc gc no ca axit thng l cht rn nhit phng. Cu 14: Lipit l nhng cht hu c c trong t bo sng v? A Tan trong nc v c dng lm dung mi hu c khng phn cc B Khng tan trong nc nhng tan nhiu trong dung mi hu c khng phn cc C Tan trong nc v tan nhiu trong dung mi hu c khng phn cc D Khng tan trong nc v khng tan dung mi hu c khng phn cc Cu 15: Axit bo l? A Nhng axit n chc c mch cacbon ngn phn nhnh B Nhng axit n chc c mch cacbon di phn nhnh C Nhng axit n chc c mch cacbon ngn, khng phn nhnh D Nhng axit n chc c mch cacbon di, khng phn nhnh Cu 16: Cho cc cht c cng thc cu to di y, cht no l este: a. CH 3CH2COOCH3 ;b. CH3OOCCH3; c. HOOCCH2CH2OH; d. HCOOC2H5 A a, b, c, d B a, c, d C a, b, d D b, c, d Cu 17: Cht bo c tnh cht chung no vi este? A Tham gia phn ng x phng ha B Tham gia phn ng thy phn trong mi trng baz C Tham gia phn ng thy phn trong mi trng axit v trong mi trng baz D Tham gia phn ng thy phn trong mi trng axit Cu 18: S ng phn cu to c chc este l dn xut ca benzen c cng thc phn t C8H8O2 l: A 3 B 6C 5 D 4 V Th Ngc Hn___________________________________________________________________ 9

Ti liu ha hc lp 12 Cu 19: Cht bo no sau y tn ti trng thi lng iu kin thng? A (C15H31COO)3C3H5 B (C17H31COO)3C3H5 C C15H31COOC3H5(OOCC17H35)2 D (C17H35COO)3C3H5 Cu 20: Cht bo l? A ieste ca glixerol vi cc axit B Trieste ca glixerol vi cc axit C ieste ca glixerol vi cc axit bo D Trieste ca glixerol vi cc axit bo Cu 21: Hp cht X c cng thc cu to: CH3OOCCH2CH3. Tn gi ca X l: A Etyl axetat B Metyl axetat C Metyl propionat D Propyl axetat Cu 22: Hp cht hu c X c cng thc C 4H8O2. Thy phn X trong mi trng axit thu c 2 cht hu c Y, Z. Oxi ha Y thu c Z. X l: A Metyl axetat B Etyl propionat C Etyl axetat D Metyl propionat Cu 23: Thy phn este X trong mi trng kim thu c natri axetat v ru metylic. Cng thc ca X l A Etyl propionat B Metyl axetat C Metyl propionat D Etyl axetat Cu 24: S hp cht hu c n chc, c cng thc phn t C2H4O2 v tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH l A 1 B 3 C 4 D 2 Cu 25: Cht bo c c im chung no sau y: A Khng tan trong nc, nng hn nc, c thnh phn chnh ca du, m ng, thc vt. B L cht lng, khng tan trong nc, nh hn nc, c thnh phn chnh ca du, m ng, thc vt. C L cht rn, khng tan trong nc, nh hn nc, c thnh phn chnh ca du, m ng, thc vt. D Khng tan trong nc, nh hn nc, c thnh phn chnh ca du, m ng, thc vt. Cu 26: Este X no, n chc, mch h c phn trm khi lng oxi xp x bng 36,364%. Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C2H4O2.. B. C4H8O2. C. C3H6O2. D. CH2O2. Cu 27: Cho cc cht sau: CH3OH (1); CH3COOH (2); HCOOC2H5 (3). Th t nhit si gim dn l A. (3);(1);(2). B. (2);(1);(3). C. (1);(2);(3). D. (2);(3);(1). Cu 28: metyl fomiat c cng thc phn t l: A. HCOOCH3. B. CH3COOCH3. C. CH3COOC2H5. D. HCOOC2H5. Cu 29: Este c cng thc phn t CH3COOCH3 c tn gi l: A. metyl axetat. B. vinyl axetat. C. metyl fomiat. D. metyl propionat. Cu 30: Pht biu no sau y l khng ng? A. Phn ng thu phn este trong mi trng axit c tnh thun nghch. B. Cng thc chung ca este gia axit no n chc v ru no n chc l CnH2n O2 (n 2). C. phn ng x phng ha este l phn ng khng c tnh thun nghch. D. Este l sn phm ca phn ng este ho gia axit hu c hoc axit v c vi ancol. Cu 31: Pht biu no sau y l ng: A. tt c cc este phn ng vi dung dch kim lun thu c sn phm cui cng l mui v ancol. B. phn ng gia axit hu c v ancol khi c H2SO4 c l phn ng mt chiu. C. khi thy phn cht bo lun thu c C2H4(OH)2. D. phn ng thy phn cht bo trong mi trng axit hoc baz lun thu c glixerol. Cu 32: Cht no sau y tham gia phn ng trng gng: A. CH3COOH. B. C3H7COOH. C. HCOOC3H7. D. CH3COOCH3. Cu 33: Este A iu ch t ancol metylic c t khi so vi metan l 3,75. Cng thc ca A l: A. C2H5COOCH3. B. HCOOCH3. C. C2H5COOC2H5. D. HCOOC2H5. Cu 34: Phn ng no sau y xy ra: V Th Ngc Hn___________________________________________________________________ 10

Ti liu ha hc lp 12 A. CH3COOCH3 + Na. B. CH3COOH + AgNO3/NH3. C. CH3COOCH3 + NaOH. D. CH3OH + NaOH Cu 35: Este X c CTPT C4H8O2 c th c to nn t ancol metylic v axit no di y A. Axit propionic. B. Axit butiric. C. Axit fomic. D. Axit axetic. Cu 36: Phn ng ha hc c trng ca este l: A. Phn ng trung ha. B. Phn ng x phng ha. C. Phn ng oxi ha. D. Phn ng este ha. Cu 37: Thu phn este trong mi trng kim, khi un nng, gi l phn ng: A. X phng ho B. Este ho C. Hirat ho D. Kim ho Cu 38. Khi 8,8g este n chc mch h X tc dng 100ml dd KOH 1M (va ) thu c 4,6g mt ancol Y. Tn gi ca X l: A. etyl fomat B. etyl propionat C. etyl axetat D. propyl axetat Cu 39. Mt este n chc A c phn t lng 88.Cho 17,6g A tc dng vi 300 ml dd NaOH 1M, un nng.C cn hn hp sau phn ng c 23,2g rn khan.Bit phn ng xy ra hon ton.CTCT A l: A.HCOOCH(CH3)2 B.CH3CH2COOCH3 C.C2H3COOC2H5 D.HCOOCH2CH2CH3 Cu 40: Cho 1,84 g axit fomic tc dng vi ancol etylic, nu H = 25% th khi lng este thu c l: A. 0,75 gam. B. 0,74 gam. C. 0,76 gam. D. Kt qa khc. Cu 41: Mt este n chc A c t khi so vi kh metan l 5,5. Cho 17,6 g A tc dng vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M un nng, c cn hn hp sau phn ng thu c 20,4 g cht rn khan. Cng thc cu to ca este A l A. n propyl fomiat B. iso propyl fomiat C. etyl axetat D. metyl propionat Cu42: Cho 26,8 gam hn hp gm este metylfomiat v este etylfomiat tc dng vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 2M th va . Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca este metylfomiat l: A. Kt qa khc. B. 68,4%. C. 55,2%. D. 44,8%. Cu 43: t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp gm etyl axetat v etyl propionat thu c 15,68 lit kh CO2 (ktc). Khi lng H2O thu c l A. 25,2 gam B. 50,4 gam C. 12,6 gam D. 100,8 gam Cu 44: Mnh khng ng l: A. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 c th trng hp to polime. B. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 cng dy ng ng vi CH2 = CHCOOCH3. C. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 tc dng c vi dung dch brom. D. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH thu c anhit v mui. Cu 45: ng vi cng thc C4H8O2 c bao nhiu ng phn n chc? A. 5 B. 3 C. 6 D. 4 Cu 746Cho 8,8 gam etyl axetat tc dng vi 150 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng th khi lng cht rn khan thu c l bao nhiu? A. 8,2 gam B. 10,5 gam. C. 12,3 gam D. 10,2 gam Cu 47: Cho 9,2g axit fomic t.dng vi ancol etylic d th thu c 11,3 g este.Hiu sut ca p.ng l: A. 65,4%. B. 76,4%. C. Kt qa khc. D. 75,4%. Cu 48: Cht no sau y tham gia phn ng trng gng: A. HCOOCH3. B. Tt c u c. C. HCOOC3H7. D. HCOOH. Cu 49: S ng phn este ca C4H8O2 l? A. 4 B. 5 C. 2 D. 3 Cu 50: X phng ha 6,6 gam etyl axetat bng 100 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c cht rn khan c khi lng l A. 1,64 gam. B. 4,28 gam. C. 5,20 gam. D. 4,10 gam. V Th Ngc Hn___________________________________________________________________ 11

Ti liu ha hc lp 12 Cu 50: Khi t chy hon ton 8,8 gam cht hu c X n chc thu c sn phm chy ch gm 8,96 lt CO2 ( ktc) v 7,2 gam nc. Nu cho 8,8 gam hp cht X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH va n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 9,6 gam mui ca axit hu c Y v cht hu c Z. Tn ca X l A. axit propionic. B. etyl axetat. C. metyl propionat. D. ancol metylic. Cu 51: Hai sn phm ca phn ng thy phn este X (trong mi trng axit) u tham gia phn ng trng bc. Cng thc phn t ph hp vi X c th l A. C2H6O2. B. C3H6O2. C. C2H4O2. D. C3H4O2. Cu 52: t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp gm etyl axetat v etyl propionat thu c 31,36 lit kh CO2 (ktc). Khi lng H2O thu c l A. 12,6 gam B. 50,4 g0am C. 100,8 gam D. 25,2 gam Cu 52: Cho 20,8 gam hn hp gm metyl fomiat v metyl axetat tc dng vi NaOH th ht 150 ml dung dch NaOH 2M. Khi lng metyl fomiat trong hn hp l A. 6 gam. B. 3 gam. C. 3,4 gam. D. 3,7 gam. Cu 53: un 24 gam axit axetic vi 27,6 gam etanol (c H2SO4 c lm xc tc) n khi phn ng t ti trng thi cn bng, thu c 22 gam este. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l A. 62,5%. B. 50%. C. 75%. D. 55%. Cu 54: un nng 6 gam axit axetic vi 6 gam ancol etylic c H2SO4 c lm xc tc. Khi lng este to thnh khi hiu sut phn ng 80% l A. 10,00 gam B. 7,04 gam C. 12,00 gam D. 8,00 gam Cu 55: Cho ancol etylic tc dng vi axit axetic th thu c 22 gam este. Nu H=25% th khi lng ancol etylic phn ng l: A. 26 gam. B. 46 gam. C. 92 gam. D. Kt qa khc Cu 56: ng vi cng thc C3H6O2 c bao nhiu ng phn tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 1 Cu 57: Cho 0,92 g axit fomic tc dng vi ancol etylic, nu H = 50% th khi lng este thu c l: A. 0,74 gam. B. 0,55 gam. C. 0,75 gam. D. 0,76 gam. Cu 58: Cho 23,6 gam hn hp gm este metyl fomiat v este etyl axetat tc dng vi 150 ml dung dch NaOH 2M th va . Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca este metyl fomiat l: A. 25,42%. B. Kt qa khc. C. 42,32%. D. 68,88%. Cu 59: Hp cht X n chc c cng thc phn t C3H6O2. Khi cho 7,40 gam X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH va n khi phn ng hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c 9,60 gam cht rn khan. Cng thc cu to ca X l A. HCOOC2H5. B. CH3CH2COOH. C. CH3COOCH3. D. HOC2H4CHO. Cu 60: Cu nhn xt no sau y khng ng: A. este c nhit si thp v axit c lin kt hir lin phn t. B. Este khng tan trong nc v khng to c lin kt hir vi nc. C. Este si nhit thp hn axit to ra n v este d bay hi. D. Axit si nhit cao v c lin kt hir lin phn t gia cc phn t axit. Cu 61: Este A iu ch t ancol metylic c t khi so vi oxi l 2,3125. Cng thc ca A l: A. C2H5COOC2H5. B. CH3COOCH3. C. CH3COOC2H5. D. C2H5COOCH3. Cu 62: Cho 0,01 mol este hu c mch h X phn ng va vi dd cha 0,03 mol KOH. E thuc loi este: A. n chc B. hai chc C. ba chc D. khng xc nh Cu 63: un nng lipit cn va 40kg dd NaOH 15%, gi s phn ng xy ra hon ton. Khi lng (kg) glixerin thu c l: A. 13,8 B. 6,975 C. 4,6 D. p n khc V Th Ngc Hn___________________________________________________________________ 12

Ti liu ha hc lp 12 Cu 64 : Khi cho 178 kg cht bo trung tnh phn ng va vi 120 kg dd NaOH 20%, gi s phn ng xy ra hon ton. Khi lng (kg) x phng thu c l : A. 61,2 B. 183,6 C. 122,4 D. 146,8 Cu 65: Triglixerit l este 3 ln este ca glixerin. C th thu c ti a bao nhiu triglixerit khi un glixerin vi hh 3 axit RCOOH, R'COOH, R''COOH (c H2SO4 c lm xc tc): A. 6 B. 9 C. 12 D. 18 Cu 66: Trong phn ng este ho gia ru v axit hu c th cn bng s dch chuyn theo chiu to ra este khi: A. gim nng ru hay axit B. cho ru d hay axit d C. dng cht ht nc tch nc D. c B, C Cu 67: Trong phn ng este ho gia ru v axit hu c th cn bng s dch chuyn theo chiu to ra este khi thc hin? A. Gim nng ru hay axit. B. Cho ru d hay axit d. C. Dng cht ht nc tch nc. D. Chng ct ngay tch este ra. Cu 68: Ru no cho phn ng este axit CH3COOH d nht: A. Butan-1-ol B. Butan-2-ol C. Ru isobutylic D. 2-metyl,propan-2ol Cu 69: Cht x c CTPT C4H8O2. Khi X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH sinh ra cht Y c cng thc C2H3O2Na v cht Z c cng thc C2H6O. X thuc loi cht no sau y: A. Axit B. Este C. Anhit D. Ancol Cu 70: Cho cc yu t sau y v phn ng este ho: 1) hon ton 2) C gii hn 3) to nhit mnh 4) Nhanh 5) Chm; phn ng este ho nghim ng cc yu t no? A. 1,3 B. 2,4 C. 2,5 D. 3,5 Cu 71: Lm bay hi 7,4 (g) mt este A no, n chc thu c mt th tch hi bng th tch ca 3,2 (g) kh oxi cng k v nhit , ap sut; cng thc phn t ca A l: A. C3H6O2 B. C4H8O3 C. C5H10O4 D. Kt qu khc Cu 72: X phng ho 22,2 (g) hn hp este l HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3 bng lng dd NaOH va , cc mui to ra c sy kh n khan v cn c 21,8(g). Gi thit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, S mol HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3 ln lt l: A.0,15(mol) v 0,15(mol) B. 0,2 (mol) v 0,1(mol) C. 0,1(mol) v 0,2(mol) D. 0,25(mol) v 0,5(mol) Cu 73.t chy 3,7g cht hu c X cn dng 3,92 lt O 2 (ktc) thu c CO2 v H2O c t l mol 1:1. Bit X tc dng vi KOH to ra 2 cht hu c. Vy cng thc phn t ca X l A. C3H6O2. B. C4H8O2. C. C2H4O2. D. C3H4O2. Cu 74. un nng 215g axit metacrylic vi 100g metanol (vi Hp = 60%). Khi lng este metyl metacrylat thu c l A. 100g. B. 125g. C. 150g. D. 175g. Cu 75: trung ho 2,8g cht bo cn 3ml dung dch KOH 0,1M. Ch s axit ca mu cht bo trn l A. 8. B. 15. C. 6. D. 16. ESTE TRONG CC THI CAO NG I HC Cu 1: (CA-2007) un 12 gam axit axetic vi 13,8 gam etanol (c H2SO4 c lm xc tc) n khi phn ng t ti trng thi cn bng, thu c 11 gam este. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l V Th Ngc Hn___________________________________________________________________ 13

Ti liu ha hc lp 12 A. 50%. B. 75%. C. 55%. D. 62,5%. Cu 2: (CA-2007)Khi t chy hon ton 4,4 gam cht hu c X n chc thu c sn phm chy ch gm 4,48 lt CO2 ( ktc) v 3,6 gam nc. Nu cho 4,4 gam hp cht X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH va n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 4,8 gam mui ca axit hu c Y v cht hu c Z. Tn ca X l A. isopropyl axetat. B. etyl axetat. C. metyl propionat. D. etyl propionat. Cu 3: (CA-2007)Cho cht X tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sau c cn dung dch thu c cht rn Y v cht hu c Z. Cho Z tc dng vi AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong dung dch NH3 thu c cht hu c T. Cho cht T tc dng vi dung dch NaOH li thu c cht Y. Cht X c th l C. HCOOCH3. D. A. CH3COOCH=CH2. B. HCOOCH=CH2. CH3COOCH=CH-CH3. Cu 4: (CA-2008)Este n chc X c t khi hi so vi CH4 l 6,25. Cho 20 gam X tc dng vi 300 ml dung dch KOH 1M (un nng). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 28 gam cht rn khan. Cng thc cu to ca X l A. CH2=CH-COO-CH2-CH3. B. CH3 -COO-CH=CH-CH3. C. CH2=CH-CH2-COO-CH3. D. CH3-CH2-COO-CH=CH2. Cu 5: (CA-2008)X phng ho hon ton 22,2 gam hn hp gm hai este HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3 bng dung dch NaOH 1M (un nng). Th tch dung dch NaOH ti thiu cn dng l: A. 400 ml. B. 200 ml. C. 300 ml. D. 150 ml. Cu 6: (CA-2008)un nng 6,0 gam CH3COOH vi 6,0 gam C2H5OH (c H2SO4 lm xc tc, hiu sut phn ng este ho bng 50%). Khi lng este to thnh l: A. 8,8 gam. B. 6,0 gam. C. 5,2 gam. D. 4,4 gam. Cu 7: (CA-2009)Cho 20 gam mt este X (c phn t khi l 100 vC) tc dng vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Sau phn ng, c cn dung dch thu c 23,2 gam cht rn khan. Cng thc cu to ca X l A. CH2=CHCH2COOCH3. B. CH3COOCH=CHCH3. C. C2H5COOCH=CH2. D. CH2=CHCOOC2H5. Cu 8: (CA-2010)Hn hp Z gm hai este X va Y tao bi cung mt ancol va hai axit cacboxylic k tip nhau trong day ng ng (MX < MY). t chay hoan toan m gam Z cn dung 6,16 lit khi O 2 (ktc), thu c 5,6 lit khi CO2 (ktc) va 4,5 gam H2O. Cng thc este X va gia tri cua m tng ng la A. CH3COOCH3 va 6,7 B. HCOOC2H5 va 9,5 C. HCOOCH3 va 6,7 D. (HCOO)2C2H4 va 6,6 Cu 9: (CA-2010)Cho 45 gam axit axetic phn ng vi 69 gam ancol etylic (xc tc H 2SO4 c), un nng, thu c 41,25 gam etyl axetat. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l A. 62,50% B. 50,00% C. 40,00% D. 31,25% Cu 10: (HA-2007)Thu phn hon ton 444 gam mt lipit thu c 46 gam glixerol (glixerin) v hai loi axit bo. Hai loi axit bo l A. C15H31COOH v C17H35COOH. B. C17H33COOH v C15H31COOH. C. C17H31COOH v C17H33COOH. D. C17H33COOH v C17H35COOH. Cu 11: (HA-2007)X phng ha 8,8 gam etyl axetat bng 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c cht rn khan c khi lng l A. 8,56 gam. B. 3,28 gam. C. 10,4 gam. D. 8,2 gam. Cu 12: (HA-2007)Hn hp X gm axit HCOOH v axit CH3COOH (t l mol 1:1). Ly 5,3 gam hn hp X tc dng vi 5,75 gam C2H5OH (c xc tc H2SO4 c) thu c m gam hn hp este (hiu sut ca cc phn ng este ho u bng 80%). Gi tr ca m l A. 10,12. B. 6,48. C. 8,10. D. 16,20. Cu 13: (HA-2007) Khi thc hin phn ng este ho 1 mol CH3COOH v 1 mol C2H5OH, lng este ln nht thu c l 2/3 mol. t hiu sut cc i l 90% (tnh theo axit) khi tin hnh este V Th Ngc Hn___________________________________________________________________ 14

Ti liu ha hc lp 12 ho 1 mol CH3COOH cn s mol C2H5OH l (bit cc phn ng este ho thc hin cng nhit ) A. 0,342. B. 2,925. C. 2,412. D. 0,456. Cu 14: (HB-2008) Hp cht hu c no, a chc X c cng thc phn t C7H12O4. Cho 0,1 mol X tc dng va vi 100 gam dung dch NaOH 8% thu c cht hu c Y v 17,8 gam hn hp mui. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l A. CH3OOC(CH2)2COOC2H5. B. CH3COO(CH2)2COOC2H5. C. CH3COO(CH2)2OOCC2H5. D. CH3OOCCH2COOC3H7. Cu 15: (HB-2008) X phng ho hon ton 17,24 gam cht bo cn va 0,06 mol NaOH. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c khi lng x phng l A. 17,80 gam. B. 18,24 gam. C. 16,68 gam. D. 18,38 gam. Cu 16: (HB-2008)Cho hn hp X gm hai hp cht hu c no, n chc tc dng va vi 100 ml dung dch KOH 0,4M, thu c mt mui v 336 ml hi mt ancol ( ktc). Nu t chy hon ton lng hn hp X trn, sau hp th ht sn phm chy vo bnh ng dung dch Ca(OH)2 (d) th khi lng bnh tng 6,82 gam. Cng thc ca hai hp cht hu c trong X l A. CH3COOH v CH3COOC2H5. B. C2H5COOH v C2H5COOCH3. C. HCOOH v HCOOC2H5. D. HCOOH v HCOOC3H7. Cu 17: (HB-2008)Este X (c khi lng phn t bng 103 vC) c iu ch t mt ancol n chc (c t khi hi so vi oxi ln hn 1) v mt amino axit. Cho 25,75 gam X phn ng ht vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr m l A. 27,75. B. 24,25. C. 26,25. D. 29,75. Cu 18: (HA-2008)Este X c cc c im sau: - t chy hon ton X to thnh CO2 v H2O c s mol bng nhau; - Thu phn X trong mi trng axit c cht Y (tham gia phn ng trng gng) v cht Z (c s nguyn t cacbon bng mt na s nguyn t cacbon trong X). Pht biu khng ng l: A. t chy hon ton 1 mol X sinh ra sn phm gm 2 mol CO2 v 2 mol H2O. B. Cht Y tan v hn trong nc. C. Cht X thuc loi este no, n chc. o D. un Z vi dung dch H2SO4 c 170 C thu c anken. Cu 19 : (HA-2009)X phng ha hon ton 66,6 gam hn hp hai este HCOOC 2H5 v CH3COOCH3 bng dung dch NaOH, thu c hn hp X gm hai ancol. un nng hn hp X vi H 2SO4 c 1400C, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam nc. Gi tr ca m l A. 18,00. B. 8,10. C. 16,20. D. 4,05. Cu 20: (HA-2009) X phng ha hon ton 1,99 gam hn hp hai este bng dung dch NaOH thu c 2,05 gam mui ca mt axit cacboxylic v 0,94 gam hn hp hai ancol l ng ng k tip nhau. Cng thc ca hai este l A. HCOOCH3 v HCOOC2H5. B. C2H5COOCH3 v C2H5COOC2H5. C. CH3COOC2H5 v CH3COOC3H7. D. CH3COOCH3 v CH3COOC2H5. Cu 21: (HA-2009)Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t C5H8O2. Cho 5 gam X tc dng va ht vi dung dch NaOH, thu c mt hp cht hu c khng lm mt mu nc brom v 3,4 gam mt mui. Cng thc ca X l A. CH3COOC(CH3)=CH2. B. HCOOC(CH3)=CHCH3. C. HCOOCH2CH=CHCH3 D. HCOOCH=CHCH2CH3. Cu 22: (HB-2010)Hp cht hu c mch h X c cng thc phn t C 6H10O4. Thy phn X to ra hai ancol n chc c s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t gp i nhau. Cng thc ca X l A. CH3OCO-CH2-COOC2H5. B. C2H5OCO-COOCH3. C. CH3OCO-COOC3H7. D. CH3OCO-CH2-CH2-COOC2H5.

V Th Ngc Hn___________________________________________________________________ 15

Ti liu ha hc lp 12 Cu 23: (HB-2010) Hn hp X gm axit panmitic, axit stearic v axit linoleic. trung ha m gam X cn 40 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Mt khc, nu t chy hon ton m gam X th thu c 15,232 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 11,7 gam H2O. S mol ca axit linoleic trong m gam hn hp X l A. 0,015. B. 0,010. C. 0,020. D. 0,005. Cu 24: (HA-2010)t chy hon ton mt este n chc, mch h X (phn t c s lin kt nh hn 3), thu c th tch kh CO2 bng 6/7 th tch kh O2 phn ng (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin). Cho m gam X tc dng hon ton vi 200 ml dung dch KOH 0,7M thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c 12,88 gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l A. 10,56. B. 7,20. C. 8,88. D. 6,66. Cu 25: (HA-2010)Thu phn hon ton 0,2 mol mt este E cn dng va 100 gam dung dch NaOH 24%, thu c mt ancol v 43,6 gam hn hp mui ca hai axit cacboxylic n chc. Hai axit l A. HCOOH v C2H5COOH. B. HCOOH v CH3COOH. C. C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH. D. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH. Cu 26: (H A-2010)Tng s cht hu c mach h, co cung cng thc phn t C2H4O2 la A. 3 B. 1 C. 2 D. 4

V Th Ngc Hn___________________________________________________________________ 16