(Trithuctoan - Blogspot.com) Hinh Hoc Giai Tich Oxy Tran Phuong

http://trithuctoan.blogspot.
com/
11
PHNG TRNH NG THNG TRONG MT PHNG
I. VCT C TRNG CA NG THNG:
1. Vct ( )
1 2
; v a a =
l vc t ch phng (VTCP) ca () () // gi ca v
2. Vct ( ) ; n a b =
l vc t php tuyn (VTPT) ca () () gi ca n
3. Nhn xt:
() c v s vct ch phng v v s vct php tuyn ng thi v n

.
II. PHNG TRNH NG THNG
1. Phng trnh tham s: PT t () i qua M
0
(x
0
, y
0
) v c VTCP ( )
1 2
; v a a =
:
( )
0 1
0 2
x x a t
t
y y a t
= +
= +

2. Phng trnh chnh tc: PT t () i qua M
0
(x
0
, y
0
) v c VTCP ( )
1 2
; v a a =
:
0 0
1 2
x x y y
a a

=
3. Phng trnh h s gc: PT t () vi h s gc a l: y = ax + b.
4. Phng trnh tng qut: PT t () tng qut: 0 Ax By C + + = vi
2 2
0 A B + >
Nhn xt: (): 0 Ax By C + + = vi
2 2
0 A B + > c
VTCP ( ) ; v B = A
v VTPT ( ) ; n A B =
5. Phng trnh t () i qua M

0
(x
0
, y
0
) vi h s gc k l: ( )
0 0
y k x x y = +
0
(x
0
, y
0
) vi VTPT ( ) ; n A B =
l:
( ) ( )
0 0
0 A x x B y y + =
0
(x
0
, y
0
) vi VTCP ( ) ; v A B =
l:
( ) ( )
0 0
0 B x x A y y =
8. Phng trnh t () i qua 2 im M
1
(x
1
, y
1
), M
2
(x
2
, y
2
):
1 1
2 1 2 1
x x y y
x x y y

=

9. Phng trnh on chn i qua A(0; a), B(0; b) l: 1
y
x
a b
+ =
10. Phng trnh chm ng thng: Cho 2 ng thng ct nhau
( ) ( )
1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
: 0; : 0 a x b y c a x b y c + + = + + = vi I = ( ) ( )
1 2
.
ng thng () i qua I l: ( ) ( )
1 1 1 2 2 2
0 p a x b y c q a x b y c + + + + + = vi
2 2
0 p q + >
H
HH
N
NNH
HH G
GGI I I
I I I
T
TT
C
CCH
HH T
TTR
RRO
OON
NNG
GG M
MM
T
TT P
PPH
HH
N
NNG
GG O
OOX
XXY
YY
Thy Trn Phng

http://trithuctoan.blogspot.com/
Chng IV. Hnh gii tch Trn Phng
12
III. V TR TNG I CA 2 NG THNG
1. Dng tham s: (
1
) i qua M
1
(x
1
; y
1
):
( )
1 1
1 1
x x a t
t
y y b t
= +
= +
,
(
2
) i qua M
2
(x
2
; y
2
):
( )
2 2
2 2
x x a t
t
y y b t
= +
= +

Nu ( )
1 1 1
; // v a b =
( )
2 2 2
; v a b =

1 2 2 1
0 a b a b th ( ) ( )
1 2
= im I.
Nu ( ) ( )
1 1 1 2 2 2
; // ; v a b v a b =
//
1 2
M M
( ) ( )
1 2 2 1
1 2 1 1 2 1
0
0
a b a b
a y y b x x
=
th (
1
) // (
2
).
Nu ( ) ( )
1 1 1 2 2 2
; // ; v a b v a b =
1 2
// M M
( ) ( )
1 2 2 1
1 2 1 1 2 1
0
0
a b a b
a y y b x x
=
th (
1
) (
2
).
2. Dng tng qut:
(
) ( )
( ) ( )
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
: 0; ;
: 0; ;
a x b y c n a b
a x b y c n a b
+ + = =
+ + = =
;
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
; ;
x y
a b b c c a
D D D
a b b c c a
= = =
Nu D 0
1 2 2 1
0 a b a b th ( ) ( )
1 2
= im ;
y
D
x
D
I
D D
| |
|
\

Nu D = 0 v
2 2
0
x y
D D + >
1 2 1
1 2 2
a a c
b b c
= th (
1
) // (
2
).
Nu 0
x y
D D D = = =
1 2 1
1 2 2
a a c
b b c
= = th (
1
) (
2
).
IV. GC GIA 2 NG THNG:
1. Dng h s gc:
Cho
( )
( )
1 1 1
2 2 1
:
:
y a x b
y a x b
= +
= +
. Gc ( ) [ ]
1 2
1 2
1 2
, 0; 90 : tg
1
a a
a a
= =
+
2. Dng tng qut:
Cho
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
: 0; ;
: 0; ;
a x b y c n a b
a x b y c n a b
+ + = =
+ + = =
;
1 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2
cos
a a b b
a b a b
+
=
+ +

Bi 2. Phng trnh ng thng trong mt phng
13
V. KHONG CCH V PHNG TRNH NG PHN GIC
1. Khong cch t M
0
(x
0
, y
0
) n (): 0 ax by c + + = l:
( )
( )
0 0
2 2
,
ax by c
d M
a b
+ +
=
+
2. Cho
( )
( )
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
: 0
: 0
a x b y c
a x b y c
+ + =
+ + =
ct nhau th phng trnh 2 ng phn gic

1 1 1 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2
a x b y c a x b y c
a b a b
+ + + +
=
+ +
VI. CC BI TP MU MINH HA
Bi 1. Trn mt phng Oxy cho im A(2;2). Vit phng trnh ng thng
i qua im ( ) 3;1 M v ct trc Ox, Oy ti B v C sao cho tam gic ABC cn
Gii
Gi ( ) ; 0 B b Ox = v ( ) 0; C c Oy = suy ra ():
( )
1
y
x
0 bc
b c
+ =
(3;1) ( ) M
3 1
1
b c
+ = , (1). Tam gic ABC cn ti A
2 2
AB AC =
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 4
2 4 4 2
2 2
b c b c
b c
b c b c
= + = +
+ = + +

= =

Vi 4 b c = + :
( )
2
1 2
2, 6
1 4 ( ) : 1; ( ) : 1
6 2 2 2 2, 2
c b
y y
x x
c
c b
= =
= + = + =
= =

Vi b c = :
( )
1 2 2 b c = = (loi, do trng vi
( )
2
)
Bi 2. Cho tam gic ABC c nh A(1; 3)
a. Gi s hai ng cao (BH): 5 3 25 0 x y + = , (CK): 3 8 12 0 x y + = .
Hy vit phng trnh cnh BC.
b. Gi s ng trung trc ca AB l (): 3 2 4 0 x y + = v G(4; 2) l
trng tm ca tam gic ABC. Xc nh ta cc nh B v C .
Du hiu Phn gic gc nhn Phn gic gc t
1 2 1 2
0 a a b b + >
1 1 1 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2
a x b y c a x b y c
a b a b
+ + + +
=
+ +
1 1 1 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2
a x b y c a x b y c
a b a b
+ + + +
=
+ +
1 2 1 2
0 a a b b + <
1 1 1 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2
a x b y c a x b y c
a b a b
+ + + +
=
+ +
1 1 1 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2
a x b y c a x b y c
a b a b
+ + + +
=
+ +

14
Gii
a. (AB) (CK) nn (AB) c phng trnh l 8 3 0 x y c + =
im
( ) ( )
1 : 8 3 1 0 A AB c AB x y = = .
( ) ( )
AC BH nn
( )
AC c phng trnh 3 5 0 x y m + =
im
( ) ( )
12 : 3 5 12 0 A AC m AC x y = =
( ) ( ) B BH AB Ta ca B tha mn h: ( )
8 3 1 0
2; 5
5 3 25 0
x y
B
x y
=

+ =

( ) ( ) C CK AC Ta ca C tha mn h: ( )
3 5 12 0
4; 0
3 8 12 0
x y
C
x y
=

+ =

Phng trnh cnh BC l (BC):
5
2
5 2 20 0
4 2 0 5
y
x
x y
= + =

b. (AB)
( )
: 3 2 4 0 x y + = v cha A(1;3)
( )
: 2( 1) 3( 3) 0 AB x y + + =
hay
( )
: 2 3 7 0 AB x y = . Gi M l trung im AB suy ra ta ca M tha h:
( )
3 2 4 0
2; 1
2 3 7 0
x y
M
x y
+ =

, khi : ( )
2 5
5;1
2 1
B M A
B M A
x x x
B
y y y
= =
= =
im G(4;2) l trng tm ABC nn:

3
3
A B C G
A B C G
x x x x
y y y y
+ + =
+ + =
( )
1 5 12 8
8; 4
3 1 6 4
C C
C C
x x
C
y y
+ + = =

+ + = =

. Vy ( ) ( ) 5;1 , 8; 4 B C
Bi 3. Cho
1 2
( ) : 5 0; ( ) : 2 7 0 d x y d x y + + = + = v im ( ) 2; 3 A .
Tm
1
B ( ) d v
2
C ( ) d sao cho ABC c trng tm ( ) 2; 0 G .
Gii
t
( )
1 1 1
B ; 5 ( ) t t d v
( )
2 2 2
C 7 2 ; ( ) t t d
im G(2; 0) l trng tm ABC nn:
3
3
A B C G
A B C G
x x x x
y y y y
+ + =
+ + =
1 2 1 2 1
1 2 1 2 2
2 7 2 6 2 3 1
3 5 0 2 1
t t t t t
t t t t t
+ + = = =

+ = = =

. Vy ( ) ( ) 1; 4 , 5;1 B C


15
Bi 4. Cho
1 2
( ) : 1 0 ; ( ) : 2 1 0 x y x y + = + + = v im M(2;1).
Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) i qua im M v ct
1 2
( ), ( )
ln lt ti A, B sao cho M l trung im ca on thng AB.
Gii
im
( ) ( )
1 1 1
A A ; 1 t t + ; im
( ) ( )
2 2 2
B B ; 2 1 t t
M(2; 1) l trung im AB nn:
1 2
1 2
2 4
2 2 2
A B M
A B M
x x x t t
y y y t t
+ = + =

+ = =

1 2
10 2
,
3 3
t t = = . Suy ra
( ) ( )
( )
10 13 7 2 4
; , ; AB 2; 5
3 3 3 3 3
A B =

(d) qua M v nhn AB
lm VTCP c PT l:
1
2
5 2 8 0
2 5
y
x
x y
= =
Bi 5. Cho
1 2
( ) : 2 5 0 ; ( ) : 3 0 x y x y + = + = v im M(2; 0).
Vit phng trnh ng thng (d) i qua im M v ct
1 2
( ), ( )
ln lt ti A v B sao cho MA 2MB =

Gii
im
( ) ( )
1 1 1
A A ; 2 5 t t + ; im
( ) ( )
2 2 2
B B ; 3 t t
Suy ra:
( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
MA 2; 2 5 , MB 2; 3 t t t t = + + = +

( )
( )
1 2
1 2
2 2 2
MA 2MB
2 5 2 3
t t
t t
+ = +
=

+ =

( )
1
1 2
1 2 2
1
2 2
MA 3; 7
1
2 2 1
2
t
t t
t t t
=
=

=

+ = =

(d) qua M v nhn MA
lm VTCP c PT l:
2
7 3 14 0
3 7
y
x
x y
+
= + =
Bi 6. Cho ABC c nh A(2;7) phng trnh mt ng cao v mt trung
tuyn v t hai nh khc nhau ln lt l: 3 11 0, 2 7 0 x y x y + + = + + = .
Vit phng trnh cc cnh ca tam gic ABC.
Gii
Nhn xt: Do A(2; 7) c ta khng tha mn phng trnh mt trong hai
ng thng cho nn cc ng cao v trung tuyn khng i qua A(2; 7).
t (BH): 3 11 0 x y + + = v (CM): 2 7 0 x y + + = .
Ta c:
( )
( ) B BH B ; 3 11 t t . Gi M l trung im AB khi ta M l


16
A
C B
H
M

2
2 2
3 18
2 2
A B
M
A B
M
x x
t
x
y y
t
y
+
+
= =
+

= =

( )
( )
2 3 18
M CM 2 7 0
2 2
t t +
+ + =
( ) 4 B 4;1 t =
Phng trnh ng thng cha cnh AB l:
7
2
4 3 13 0
4 2 1 7
y
x
x y
+
= + + =
+

(AC) (BH): 3 11 0 x y + + = v (AC) i qua im A(2; 7) nn phng trnh
(AC) l: ( 2) 3( 7) 0 x y + =
( )
AC : 3 23 0 x y =
im C (AC) (CM) suy ra ta C tha h: ( )
3 23 0
5; 6
2 7 0
x y
C
x y
=

+ + =

Phng trnh cnh BC l (BC):
1
4
7 9 19 0
5 4 6 1
y
x
x y
+
= + + =
+

Bi 7. Cho ABC c nh A(1; 2), ng trung tuyn (BM): 2 1 0 x y + + = v
phn gic trong (CD): 1 0 x y + = .Vit phng trnh ng thng BC.
Gii
im C(CD): 1 0 x y + = ( ) ;1 C t t
trung im M ca AC l
( )
1 3
;
2 2
t t
M
+

im M(BM): 2 1 0 x y + + =

( )
( )
1 3
2 1 0 7 7;8
2 2
t t
t C
+
+ + = =
T A(1;2) k (AK) (CD): 1 0 x y + = ti I (im
( )
K BC )
Suy ra (AK): ( 1) ( 2) 0 x y = 1 0 x y + =
Ta ca I tha h: ( )
1 0
0;1
1 0
x y
I
x y
+ =

+ =
. Tam gic ACK cn ti C nn

I l trung im ca AK Ta ca K: ( )
2 1
1; 0
2 0
K I A
K I A
x x x
K
y y y
= =

= =

ng thng BC i qua C, K nn c phng trnh:
1
4 3 4 0
7 1 8
y
x
x y
+
= + + =
+

A
B C
D M
K
I


17
Bi 8. Vit phng trnh ng thng () i qua M(4; 1) v ct cc tia Ox, Oy
ln lt ti A v B theo cc trng hp sau:
a. Din tch OAB nh nht. b. Tng OA + OB nh nht.
Gii
Gi s () ct tia Ox ti A(a; 0) v Oy ti B(0; b) (vi a, b > 0)
suy (): 1
y
x
a b
+ = . Do M(4; 1) () nn
4 1
1
a b
+ =
4
a
b
a
=
a > 4
a. Ta c:
4 1 4 4
1 2
a b ab
ab
= + =
1
. 8
2 2
OAB
ab
S OAOB = =
Du bng xy ra
4 1 1
8; 2
2
a b
a b
= = = = (): 4 8 0 x y + =
b.
4
4 5
4 4
a
OA OB a b a a
a a
+ = + = + = + +

( )
4
2 4 5 9
4
a
a
+ =

Du bng xy ra
4
4 2 6
4
a a
a
= = =
b = 3
( )
: 2 6 0 x y + =
Bi 9. Lp phng trnh ng thng () i qua im M(2; 1) v to vi
ng thng (d): 2 3 4 0 x y + + = mt gc
o
45
Gii
Phng trnh () i qua im M c dng:
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 1 0 0 A x B y A B + = +
2 0 Ax By A B + = v c vect php tuyn ( )
1
; n A B =

ng thng (d) c VTPT l ( )
2
2; 3 n =
. () hp vi (d) mt gc
o
45 th:
1 2 o
2 2
1 2
.
2 3 2
cos 45
2
.
. 4 9
n n
A B
n n
A B
+
= =
+ +

( ) ( )
2
2 2
2 2 3 13 A B A B + = +
2 2
5 24 5 0 B AB A + =
1
2
( ) : 5 11 0 5
5 ( ) : 5 3 0
x y A B
B A x y
+ = =

= + =

Vy c hai ng thng cn tm l
1 2
( ) : 5 11 0 ; ( ) : 5 3 0 x y x y + = + =
Bi 10. Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c din tch bng 4. Bit A(1; 0), B(0; 2)
v giao im I ca hai ng cho nm trn ng thng y x = .
Tm ta nh C v D.
Gii


18
Ta c: ( ) 1; 2 5 AB AB = =

Phng trnh (AB) l: 2 2 0 x y + =
( )
( ) : ; I d y x I t t =
I l trung im ca AC v BD nn ta c:
( ) ( ) 2 1; 2 , 2 ; 2 2 C t t D t t
Mt khc: . 4
ABCD
S AB CH = = (CH: chiu cao)
4
5
CH =
Ngoi ra:
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
5 8 8 4 2
; , ;
6 4 4
3 3 3 3 3
, 3 2 2
5 5
0 1; 0 , 0; 2
t C D
t
d C AB CH t
t C D

= = =

Vy ta ca C v D l
( ) ( )
5 8 8 2
; , ;
3 3 3 3
C D hoc ( ) ( ) 1; 0 , 0; 2 C D
Bi 11. Cho ( ) ( ) 0; 6 , 2; 5 A B . Tm trn
( )
: 2 2 0 d x y + = im M sao cho:
a. MA + MB c gi tr nh nht. b. MA MB c gi tr ln nht.
Gii
t ( ) , 2 2 f x y x y = + .
Ta c:
( )
( )
( ) ( )
10
. 0
6
f A
f A f B
f B
=
>

Suy ra hai im A v B nm cng pha
i vi ng thng (d)
1. Gi A l i xng ca A qua (d)
Ta c: MA MB MA MB A B + = + (c nh)
( )
min MA MB A B + = , t c khi ba im , , A M B thng hng
( ) ( )
M A B d =
( ) ( ) ( )
: 2 0 AA d AA x y C + + =
( ) ( )
6 : 2 6 0 A AA C AA x y = + =
Gi
( ) ( )
H AA d = th ta ca H tha mn h: ( )
2 6 0
2; 2
2 2 0
x y
H
x y
+ =

+ =

A i xng vi A qua (d) nn ta c: ( )
2 4
4; 2
2 2
A H A
A H A
x x x
A
y y y
= =

= =

A
A
H
M

(d)
B
M
0
C
H B A
D
y = x
I


19
Phng trnh ng thng
( )
A B l
2
4
7 2 24 0
2 4 5 2
y
x
x y
+
= + =
+

Ta ca M tha h:
( )
11
2 2 0
9 19 11
;
4 8 19 7 2 24 0
8
x
x y
M
x y
y
=
+ =

+ =

2. Ta c: MA MB AB (c nh)
max MA MB AB = , t c khi ba im M, A, B thng hng
( ) ( )
M AB d = . Phng trnh ng thng (AB) l: 2 12 0 x y + =
Ta ca M l nghim ca h phng trnh:
( )
5
2 2 0
7
5;
7
2 2 12 0
2
x
x y
M
y x y
=
+ =

= + =

Bi 12. Cho
( )
1
: 0 D kx y k + = v
( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2
: 1 2 1 0 D k x ky k + + =
a. Chng minh khi k thay i
( )
1
D lun lun qua mt im c nh.
b. Tm giao im ca
( )
1
D v
( )
2
D suy ra qu tch giao im ny khi k thay i.
Gii
a. Ta c
( )
1
D t:
( )
1 0 k x y + = . Ta im c nh m
( )
1
D lun i qua l
nghim ca
1 0
1, 0
0
x
x y
y
+ =
= =
. Vy
( )
1
D lun qua im A(1, 0).
b. Ta giao im ca
( )
1
D v
( )
2
D l nghim ca h phng trnh
( )
2
2
1 2 1
kx y k
k ky k
=
+ = +
gii h ta c
2
2 2
1 2
,
1 1
k k
x y
k k
= =
+ +

Vy
( )
1
D
( )
2
D =
2
2 2
1 2
,
1 1
k k
M
k k
| |
|
+ + \

2
2
2
2 2
2 2
1 2
1
1 1
k k
x y
k k
| |
| |
+ = + =
| |
+ + \ \

Do qu tch ca M l ng trn tm O bn knh R = 1.
Bi 13. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho cc im A(0; 1), B(2; 1) v cc ng thng
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2
: 1 2 2 0 ; : 2 1 3 5 0 d m x m y m d m x m y m + + = + + =
a. Chng minh
1
d v
2
d lun ct nhau.
b. Gi P l giao im ca
1
d v
2
d , tm m sao cho PA + PB ln nht.


20
Gii
a. Xt
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 2 2 0
2 1 3 5 0
m x m y m
m x m y m
+ + =
+ + =
c:
2
1 2
2 6 5
2 1
m m
D m m
m m

= = +

2 2
2 2 2 1
4 14 12 ; 2 4 1
1 3 5 3 5 2
x y
m m m m
D m m D m m
m m m m

= = + = = +

Do
( )
2
3 1
2 0,
2 2
D m = + > nn h phng trnh c nghim duy nht.
Vy
1
d v
2
d lun lun ct nhau ti im P (pcm)
b. Tm m PA + PB ln nht
Ta ca P l:
2
2 2
2
2 2
4 14 12 2 2
2
2 6 5 2 6 5
2 4 1 4 2
1
2 6 5 2 6 5
x
y
D
m m m
x
D
m m m m
D
m m m
y
D
m m m m
+
= = = +
+ +
+
= = = +
+ +

Ta c:
2
2 2 2
2 2 2 4 4
2 ; 2 8
2 6 5 2 6 5 2 6 5
m m
PA PA
m m m m m m
| |
= + + =
|
+ + + \

2
2 2 2
2 2 2 4 4
;
2 6 5 2 6 5 2 6 5
m m
PB PB
m m m m m m
| |
= =
|
+ + + \

Suy ra:
2 2
8 PA PB + = . Theo bt ng thc Bunhiacpski, ta c:
( ) ( )
2
2 2
2 16 4 PA PB PA PB PA PB + + = +
( )
max 4 PA PB + = , t c
2 2 2
2 2
1
4 4
8 3 2 0
2 2 6 5 2 6 5
m
PA PB PA PB m m
m m m m m
=
= = = + =
= + +

Cch 2:
1
d v
2
d c vect php tuyn l: ( ) ( )
1 2
1; 2 , 2 ; 1 n m m n m m = =

Ta c
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2
. 1 2 2 1 0 n n m m m m = + =

nn
1 2
d d ti im P.
rng
1 2
, A d B d v 2 2 AB = nn theo bt ng thc Bunhiacpski th
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
2 2 16 4 PA PB PA PB AB PA PB + + = = +
( )
max 4 PA PB + = ,
t c khi PA PB PAB = vung cn ti P
( )
o
1
, 45 d AB =
Ta c:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 o
2 2
1
.
2 3 1
cos 45 ; 1,1
2 .
2. 1 2
AB
AB
AB
n n
m
n
n n
m m
= = =
+

( )
2
2 2
2 3 2 6 5 3 2 0 1 2 m m m m m m m = + + = = =

Bi 3. ng trn

21
NG TRN
I. PHNG TRNH:
1. Dng chnh tc:
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2
: C x a y b R + = Tm I(a, b) ; bn knh R.
2. Dng khai trin:
( )
2 2
: 2 2 0 C x y ax by c + + =
Tm I(a, b) ; bn knh
2 2
R a b c = + vi
2 2
0 a b c + >
II. TIP TUYN:
1.
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
2
: C x a y b R + = Tip tuyn ti ( )
( )
0 0 0
, M x y C :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0 0 0 0
0 x a x x y b y y + =
2.
( )
2 2
: 2 2 0 C x y ax by c + + = Tip tuyn ti ( )
( )
0 0 0
, M x y C :
( ) ( )
0 0 0 0
0 x x y y a x x b y y c + + + + =
3.
( )
: 0 D Ax By C + + = tip xc (I, R)
( )
( ) , d I D R =
III. PHNG TCH:
( )
2 2
: 2 2 0 C x y ax by c + + = ; im M(m, n)
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
0 :
2 2 0:
0 :
M
M m n am bn c M
C
M C
>
= + + <
nm ngoi
nm trong P
IV. TRC NG PHNG:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
1 1 1 1
2 2
2 2 2 2
: , 2 2 0
: , 2 2 0
C f x y x y a x b y c
C g x y x y a x b y c
= + + =
= + + =

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 1 2 2 1
1 2
, , 2 2 0 M M f x y g x y a a x b b y c c
C C
= = + + = P P
V. CC DNG BI TP C BN
A. XC NH PHNG TRNH NG TRN THEO CC YU T HNH HC CHO TRC
1. VPT ng trn ng knh AB bit A(4, 1); B(3, 5)
2. VPT ng trn i qua A(2, 0); B(0, 1); C(1, 2)
3. VPT ng trn i qua A(2, 3); B(1, 1) v tm 3 11 0 x y =
4. VPT ng trn tm I(1, 2) v tip xc
( )
: 2 2 0 D x y =
5. VPT ng trn i qua A(1, 2) v tip xc
( )
: 3 4 2 0 D x y + = ti (2, 1)


22
6. VPT ng trn i qua A(6, 3); B(3, 2) v tip xc
( )
: 2 2 0 D x y + =
7. VPT ng trn tm
( )
: 5 0 x y + = ; 10 R = v tip xc
( )
: 3 3 0 D x y + =
8. VPT ng trn tm I(3, 1) v ct
( )
: 2 4 0 x y + = mt on c di = 4
9. Vit phng trnh ng trn tm
( )
: 4 3 2 0 x y + = v tip xc vi
( )
1
: 4 0 D x y + + = v ( )
2
: 7 4 0 D x y + =
10. Vit phng trnh ng trn i qua O(0, 0) v tip xc vi 2 ng thng
( ) ( )
1 2
: 2 1 0; : 2 2 0 D x y D x y + = + =
11. Vit phng trnh ng trn i qua A(4, 2) v tip xc vi 2 ng thng
( ) ( )
1 2
: 3 2 0; : 3 18 0 D x y D x y = + =
12. Vit phng trnh ng trn i qua A(1, 2) v cc giao im ca
( )
: 7 10 0 D x y + = vi
( )
2 2
: 2 4 20 0 C x y x y + + =
B. S TNG GIAO GIA NG THNG V NG TRN
1.
( )
( )
2 2
: 2 4 0
: 1 0
C x y x y
D x y
+ =
+ =
2.
( )
( )
2 2
: 6 4 9 0
: 2 0
C x y x y
D x y
+ + + + =
+ =

3.
( )
( )
2 2
: 8 2 1 0
: 2 1 0
C x y x y
D x y
+ + =
+ =

C. S TNG GIAO GIA 2 NG TRN
( )
( )
1 1 1
2 2 2
( ) : ,
( ) : ,
C I R
C I R

1 2
d I I =
1 2 1 2 1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
: ( ), ( )
:
:
:
:
R R d R R C C
d R R
d R R
d R R
d R R
< < +
= +
> +
<
ct nhau
tip xc ngoi
tip xc trong
ngoi nhau
trong nhau

1.
2 2
1
2 2
2
( ) : 4 6 4 0
( ) : 10 14 70 0
C x y x y
C x y x y
+ + =
+ + =
2.
2 2
1
2 2
2
( ) : 2 6 15 0
( ) : 6 2 3 0
C x y x y
C x y x y
+ =
+ =

3.
2 2
1
2 2
2
( ) : 6 10 24 0
( ) : 6 4 12 0
C x y x y
C x y x y
+ + + =
+ =
4.
2 2
1
2 2
2
( ) : 2 4 5 0
( ) : 5 4 0
C x y x y
C x y x y
+ + =
+ + =

Bi 3. ng trn

23
D. QU TCH TM NG TRN
1. ( )
2 2
: 4 2 2 3 0
m
C x y mx my m + + + + =
2. ( )
2 2 2
: 2e 4e 1 e 0
m m m
m
C x y x y

+ + + =
3. ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
: 2 cos 2 2sin 1 0 C x y x y
+ + =
4. ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
: 2 1 cos 2 1 sin sin 2 0 C x y x y
+ + + + =
E. NG THNG TIP XC NG TRN C NH
1.
( )
( ) : 1 cos 1 sin 4 0 D x y
+ =
2. : cos sin 2cos 1 0 D x y
+ + + =
3. : sin cos 3sin 2cos 6 0 D x y
+ + =
4. : cos sin 2cos sin 9 0 D x y
+ =
5.
2
: cos 2 sin 2 cos 3 0 D x y
+ =
F. TIP TUYN VI NG TRN
1. VPT tip tuyn ti giao im
( )
2 2
: 4 4 5 0 C x y x y + = vi Ox.
2. VPT tip tuyn ti giao im
( )
2 2
: 7 0 C x y x y + = vi 3 4 3 0 x y + =
3. VPT tip tuyn ca
( )
2 2
: 2 8 1 0 C x y x y + + + = // vi 5 12 6 0 x y + =
4. VPT tip tuyn ca
( )
2 2
: 6 2 5 0 C x y x y + + + = // vi 2 4 0 x y + + =
5. VPT tip tuyn ca
( )
2 2
: 6 2 5 0 C x y x y + + = vi 2 1 0 x y =
6. VPT tip tuyn ca
( )
2 2
: 6 2 0 C x y x y + + = vi 3 6 0 x y + =
7. VPT tip tuyn ca
( )
2 2
: 2 8 19 0 C x y x y + + = (45) vi 2 1 0 x y + =
8. VPT tip tuyn a. i qua A(1, 1) n:
( )
2 2
: 4 6 4 0 C x y x y + + + =
b. i qua A(3, 3) n:
( )
2 2
: 7 0 C x y x y + =
c. i qua A(1, 3) n:
( )
2 2
: 6 2 6 0 C x y x y + + + =

d. i qua A(3, 4) n:
( )
2 2
: 4 2 0 C x y x y + =
e. i qua A(5, 7) n:
( )
2 2
: 4 4 5 0 C x y x y + =
g. i qua A(4, 7) n:
( )
2 2
: 2 4 0 C x y x y + + =
f. i qua A(3, 1) n:
( )
2 2
: 4 3 0 C x y x y + =


24
9. Cho ( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2
: 2 1 2 2 8 13 0
m
C x y m x m y m m + + + + =
a. Tm qu tch tm I ca h ng trn. b. VPT tip tuyn i qua A(1, 5)
n ng trn (C
4
)
10. VPT tip tuyn chung ca 2 ng trn:
2 2
1
2 2
2
( ) : 4 8 11 0
( ) : 2 2 2 0
C x y x y
C x y x y
+ + =
+ =

2 2
1
2 2
2
( ) : 2 2 2 0
( ) : 6 2 9 0
C x y x y
C x y x y
+ + =
+ + =

2 2
1
2 2
2
( ) : 10 24 56 0
( ) : 2 4 20 0
C x y x y
C x y x y
+ + =
+ =

2 2
1
2 2
2
( ) : 6 5 0
( ) : 12 6 44 0
C x y x
C x y x y
+ + =
+ + =

11.
( )
( )
( )
2 2 2 2
: 1 0; : 2 1 4 5 0
m
C x y C x y m x my + = + + + =
a. Tm qu tch tm I ca h ng trn ( )
m
C
b. CMR: C 2 ng trn ca h ( )
m
C tip xc vi (C). Vit PTTT chung khi .
G. NG DNG TH NG TRN TRN CC BI TON I S
1. Cho
2 2
8 6 16 a b a b + = + + . Tm Max, Min 4 3 S a b = +
2. Cho
( )
2 2
1 2 a b a b + + = + v
( )
2 2
36 12 c d c d + + = + .
Chng minh rng:
( ) ( )
2 2
5 2 7 ` 5 2 7 a c b d + +
3. Cho
2 2
1 a b + = v 6 c d + = . Chng minh rng:
2 2
2 2 18 6 2 c d ac bd +
4. Tm m h sau c ng 2 nghim
( )
( )
2 2
2
2 1
4
x y m
x y
+ = +
+ =

5. Tm m h sau c 2 nghim phn bit
2 2
0
0
x my m
x y x
+ =
+ =

Chng minh rng: ( ) ( )
2 2
2 1 2 1
1 x x y y +
6. Tm m h sau c nghim
2 2
1 x y
x y m
+ =
+ <

7. Tm m h c nhiu nghim nht
2 2
1 1 1 x y
x y m
+ + =
+ =

Bi 3. ng trn

25
VI. MT S BI TP MU MINH HA V PHNG TRNH NG TRN
Bi 1. Vit phng trnh ng trn (C) c tm I(3; 1) v chn trn ng
thng (): 2 4 0 x y + = mt dy cung c di bng 4.
Gii
Gi s (C) chn trn mt dy cung c di bng 4.
T I k IH AB ti H th H l trung im ca AB.
Khi :
1
2
2
HA AB = = v ( ) , 5 IH d I = =
Gi R l bn knh ca (C) ta c:
2 2
5 4 3 R IH HA = + = + =
Phng trnh ca (C) l:
( )
( )
2 2
3 1 9 x y + =
Bi 2. Vit phng trnh ng trn (C) i qua hai im A(2; 3), B(1, 1) v
c tm nm trn ng thng : 3 11 0 x y = .
Gii
Cch 1: Gi I, R ln lt l tm v bn knh ca (C). Ta c:
im ( ) ( ) 3 11; I I t t + . im
( )
2 2
, A B C IA IB R IA IB = = =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2 2
5 7 5 65
3 9 3 3 12 1 ; ,
2 2 2 2
t t t t t I R + + = + + = =
Phng trnh ca (C) l:
( ) ( )
2 2
7 5 65
2 2 2
x y + + =
2 2
7 5 14 0 x y x y + + =
Cch 2: Gi s (C) :
2 2
2 2 0 x y ax by c + + = . Tm ca (C) l I(a; b) ()
suy ra: 3 11 0 a b = (1). Ta c:
( )
( )
( )
4 6 13 2
,
2 2 2 3
a b c
A B C
a b c
+ =

+ =

T (1), (2), (3) ta c:
7 5
, , 14
2 2
a b c = = = . Vy (C):
2 2
7 5 14 0 x y x y + + =
Bi 3. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hai im A(0; 5), B(2; 3). Vit phng trnh
ng trn (C) i qua hai im A, B v c bn knh 10 R = .
Gii
Gi ( ) ; I a b l tm ca (C). T gi thit, ta c: 10 IA IB R = = =
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2
3 5 2 3
2 3 0 10
5 10
b a IA IB a b a b
a a IA
a b
= + = + = +

= = + =

I
A B
()
H


26
1 3
2 6
a a
b b
= =

= =

. Vy c hai ng trn cn tm l:
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 2 2 2
1 2
: 1 2 10; : 3 6 10 C x y C x y + + = + =
Bi 4. Vit phng trnh ng trn (C) c tm I
( )
: 5 0 x y + = ;
bn knh 10 R = v tip xc vi ng thng
( )
:3 3 0 d x y + =
Gii
Tm
( )
( ) ; 5 I I t t . ng trn (C) tip xc vi
( ) ( )
( ) , d d I d R =
( )
( )
4 4;1
2 2
10 1 5
6 6;11 10
t I
t
t
t I
=
+
= + =

=

Vy c hai ng trn cn tm l:
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 2 2 2
1 2
: 4 1 10 ; : 6 11 10 C x y C x y + = + + =
( )
:2 0 x y + =
v tip xc vi ng thng
( )
: 7 10 0 d x y + = ti im A(4; 2).
Gii
Cch 1: Ta c tm
( )
( ) ; 2 I I t t
2
5 20 IA t = + .
ng trn (C) tip xc vi (d) ti A
( )
( )
2 3 2
, 5 20
2
t
d I d IA t
+
= = +
( ) ( )
2
2
3 2 2 5 20 t t + = + ( )
2
12 36 0 6 6; 12 , 10 2 t t t I R + = = =
Vy phng trnh ng trn (C) l:
( )
( )
2 2
6 12 200 x y + + =
Cch 2: Gi I, R ln lt l tm v bn knh ca (C).
Gi (d) l ng thng vung gc vi (d) ti A
( )
:7 0 d x y c + + =
( ) ( )
30 :7 30 0 A d c d x y = + =
Do (C) tip xc vi (d) ti A nn
( )
I d
Mt khc
( )
I nn ta I tha mn h
( )
7 30 0
6; 12 10 2
2 0
x y
I IA
x y
+ =
=
+ =

Vy phng trnh ca (C) l:
( )
( )
2 2
6 12 200 x y + + = .
I
A
( )
(d)

Bi 3. ng trn

27
Bi 6. Vit phng trnh ng trn (C) c bn knh R = 5 v tip xc vi
ng thng
( )
:3 4 31 0 x y = ti im A(1; 7).
Gii
ng thng (d) () ti A(1; 7) c phng trnh tham s (d):
1 3
7 4
x t
y t
= +

Do (C) tip xc vi () ti A nn c tm
( )
( ) 1 3 , 7 4 I d I t t +
Mt khc:
( )
( )
( )
( )
1 2, 3
25
, 5 1
5
1 4, 11
t I
t
d I R t
t I
= =
= = =

=

Vy c hai ng trn cn tm l:
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 2 2 2
1 2
: 2 3 25 ; : 4 11 25 C x y C x y + + + = + + =
Bi 7. Vit phng trnh ng trn (C) i qua im A(6; 4) v tip xc vi
ng thng
( )
: 2 5 0 x y + = ti im B(3; 1).
Gii
Gi I, R ln lt l tm v bn knh ca (C); ng thng (d)() ti B(3;1)
( )
:2( 3) ( 1) 0 d x y =
( )
: 2 5 0 d x y =
Do (C) tip xc vi () ti B nn tm
( )
( ) I I ; 2 5 d t t
Mt khc:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 2
6 9 2 3 6 2 4 IA IB IA IB t t t t t = = + = + =
( ) I 4; 3 ; 5 R IA = = . Phng trnh ng trn (C) l:
( )
( )
2 2
4 3 5 x y + = .
( )
:4 3 2 0 x y + = ;
tip xc vi hai ng thng
( )
1
: 4 0 d x y + + = v
( )
2
:7 4 0 d x y + = .
Gii
Phng trnh tham s ca () l:
1 3
2 4
x t
y t
=
= +

Ta c:
( )
( ) 1 3 ; 2 4 I I t t + . Gi R l bn knh ca (C)
(C) tip xc vi
( )
1
d v
( )
2
d
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 2
, , d I d d I d R = =
( )
( )
1 4; 6 , 3 2
5 5 1
5 5 1
2 2 1 2; 2 , 2 2
t I R
t t
t t
t I R
= =
+ +
= + = +
= =

Vy
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
: 4 6 18 C x y + + = hoc
( ) ( )
( )
2 2
: 2 2 8 C x y + + =


28
Bi 9. Vit phng trnh ng trn (C) tip xc vi trc honh ti A(2; 0) v
khong cch t tm ca (C) n im B(6; 4) bng 5.
Gii
Gi I(a; b) v R ln lt l tm v bn knh ca (C)
Do (C) tip xc vi trc Ox ti A nn ta c: ( ) 2 2;
I A
x x I b = = v R b =
Mt khc:
( ) ( )
2 2
2
5 25 6 2 4 25 IB IB b = = + =
( )
2
4 9 b =
( )
( )
7 2;7 , 7
1 2;1 , 1
b I R
b I R
= =

= =
. Vy c hai ng trn cn tm l:
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 2 2 2
1 2
: 2 7 49; : 2 1 1 C x y C x y + = + =
Bi 10. Trong mt phng Oxy cho ng thng
( )
: 7 10 0 d x y + = v ng
trn
( )
2 2
: 2 4 20 0 C x y x y + + = . Vit phng trnh ng trn (C) i qua
im A(1; 2) v cc giao im ca ng thng d v ng trn (C').
Gii
ng trn (C) qua giao im ca (d) v (C') nn phng trnh c dng:
( )
2 2
2 4 20 7 10 0 x y x y m x y + + + + =
( ) ( )
2 2
1 : 3 10 0 A C m C x y x y = + =
Bi 11. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho ng trn
( )
2 2
: 12 4 36 0 C x y x y + + = .
Vit phng trnh ng trn
( )
1
C tip xc vi hai ta Ox, Oy ng thi
tip xc ngoi vi ng trn (C).
Gii
ng trn (C) c tm I(6; 2), bn knh R = 2.
Gi ( )
1
; I a b ,
1
R ln lt l tm v bn knh ca
( )
1
C .
( )
1
C tip xc vi hai trc Ox, Oy nn ta c:
( ) ( )
1 1 1
, , d I Oy d I Ox R = =
1
1
1
,
,
a b R a
a b R
a b R a
= =
= =

= =

( )
1
C tip xc vi
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 2 2 2
2
1 1 1 1 1
6 2 2 1 C II R R II R R a b R = + = + + = +
Trng hp 1:
1
, a b R a = =

Bi 3. ng trn

29
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2
1 6 2 2 16 4 36 0 a a a a a a + = + + =
2 2
0 0
20 36 0 12 36 0
a a
a a a a
> <

+ = + =

: v nghim
( )
( )
1 1
2 2
18 18;18 , 18
2 2; 2 , 2
a I R
a I R
= =

= =

Trng hp 2:
1
, a b R a = =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2
2
1 6 2 2 8 4 36 0 a a a a a a + + = + + =
2 2
0 0
12 36 0 4 36 0
a a
a a a a
> <

+ = + =

: v nghim
( )
1 1
6 6; 6 , 6 a I R = = . Vy c ba ng trn cn tm l:
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
18 18 324; 2 2 4; 6 6 36 x y x y x y + = + = + + =
Bi 12. Trong mt phng Oxy, cho ba im A(1; 7), B(4; 3), C(4; 1). Hy
vit phng trnh ng trn (C) ni tip tam gic ABC.
Gii
Gi I(a; b), R ln lt l tm v bn knh ca (C).
Gi M(x; y) l chn ng phn gic trong ca gc A trong tam gic ABC.
Ta c:
5 5 5
3
3 5
MB AB
MB MC
MC AC
= = =

. Suy ra M chia on BC theo t s
5
3
k = nn ta c ta im M l:
( )
1
1 1
: 1;
2
1
1 2
B C
B C
x kx
x
k
M M
y ky
y
k

= =
= =

I l tm ng trn ni tip tam gic ABC nn 2 2
IA BA
IA IM
IM BM
= = =

Suy ra im I chia on AM theo t s 2 k = ( )
1
1
: 1; 2
2
1
A M
A M
x kx
x
k
I I
y ky
y
k

= =
= =

Phng trnh cnh (AB) l:
( )
( ) 2 5 0 , 5 x y R d I AB + = = =
Phng trnh ng trn (C) l:
( )
( )
2 2
1 2 5 x y + + = .


30
Bi 13. Lp phng trnh ng thng
( )
i qua gc ta O v ct ng
trn (C):
( )
( )
2 2
1 3 25 x y + + = theo mt dy cung c di bng 8.
Gii
ng trn (C) c tm I(1; 3) v bn knh R = 5.
Phng trnh ng thng qua O l:
( )
2 2
0 0 ax by a b + = + >
Gi s
( )
ct (C) theo dy cung AB c di bng 8.
K IH
( )
ti H th H l trung im ca on AB 4
2
AB
HA = =
Tam gic IHA vung ti H, ta c:
2 2
25 16 3 IH IA HA = = = . Mt khc:
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
2 2
3
, 3 3 9 4 3 0
a b
d I IH a b a b a ab
a b
= = = + + =
+

0: 1
4
: 3, 4
3
A chon B
B A chon A B
= =
= = =
. Suy ra:
( ) ( )
1 2
: 0; : 3 4 0 y x y = = .
Bi 14. Trong mt phng vi h ta cac vung gc Oxy, cho ng trn
(C) c phng trnh:
2 2
2 4 20 0 x y x y + + = v im A(3; 0). Vit phng
trnh ng thng
( )
i qua im A v ct ng trn (C) theo mt dy cung
MN sao cho a. MN c di ln nht. b. MN c di nh nht.
Gii
a. ng trn (C) c tm I(1,2), bn knh R = 5
Dy MN ln nht khi MN l ng knh ca (C).
Do
( )
l ng thng i qua hai im A, I.
Phng trnh ca
( )
l:
3
2 3 0
1 3 2
y
x
x y
= + =

b. Ta c: ( ) 4; 2 2 5 IA IA = =

K IH MN ti H. Dy MN nh nht khi IH ln nht.
Ta c:
max
2 5 2 5 IH IA IH = = khi
( )
H A IA ti A
( )
qua A v nhn IA
lm vect php tuyn c phng trnh:

( )
( ) 4 3 2 0 0 2 6 0 x y x y = =
I
M
N
()
H A

Bi 3. ng trn

31
Bi 15. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho ng trn (C) c phng trnh:
2 2
2 4 4 0 x y x y + + + = . Vit PT ng thng
( )
//
( )
: 3 4 7 0 d x y + =
v chia ng trn (C) thnh hai cung m t s di bng 2.
Gii
ng trn (C) c tm ( ) 1; 2 I v bn knh R = 1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
// : 3 4 0 7 d x y c c + + =
Gi s
( )
chia hai ng trn (C)
thnh hai cung
AmB v
AnB sao cho:

s
AmB = 2 s
AnB s
AnB =120
o
120 AIB =
K IH AB ti H, ta c:

o o 1 1
60 . cos 60
2 2
AIH AIB IH IA = = = =
Mt khc: ( )
5 15 5 1
,
5 2 2 2
c
d I IH c c
= = = =
Vy c hai ng thng cn tm l:
( ) ( )
1 2
15 5
: 3 4 0; : 3 4 0
2 2
x y x y + + = + + =
Bi 16. Trong mt phng ta Oxy cho ng trn (C) c phng trnh:
2 2
2 4 4 0 x y x y + + + = c tm I v im M(1; 3). Vit phng trnh ng
thng (d) i qua im M v ct (C) ti hai im phn bit A v b sao cho tam
gic IAB c din tch ln nht.
Gii
ng trn (C) c tm I(1; 2), bn knh R = 3.
Phng trnh ng thng (d) qua M c dng:
( )
( )
( )
2 2
1 3 0 0 2 0 a x b y a b ax by a b + + + = + + + + =
Din tch tam gic IAB l:
9 1
. sin ,
2 2
S IA IB = = vi
AIB = v ( ) 0;
9
max
2
S = t c khi sin 1
2
= = .
K IH AB ti H, ta c:
3 1
. cos
2 4 4
2
AIH AIB IH IA

= = = = . Mt khc:
( )
( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2
, 2 2 9 7 8 0 d I d IH a b a b b ab a = + = + + = 7 b a a b = = .
Vy c hai ng thng cn tm l:
( ) ( )
1 2
: 4 0; :7 10 0 d x y d x y + + = + + = .
A
B
(d)
H
I
m
n
A
B
(d)
H
I


32
VII. TIP TUYN CHUNG CA HAI NG TRN
Cho ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2
1 1 1 1
: C x a y b R + = v ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2
2 2 2 2
: C x a y b R + = .
Vit phng trnh tip tuyn chung ca hai ng trn (C
1
) v (C
2
).
1. PHNG PHP TNG QUT:
(C
1
) c tm ( )
1 1 1
; I a b bn knh R
1
v (C
2
) c tm ( )
2 2 2
; I a b bn knh R
2
.
Xt (): 0 Ax By C + + =
( )
2 2
0 A B + l tip tuyn chung ca (C
1
) v (C
2
).

( )
( )
1 1
2 2
,
,
d I R
d I R
=

1 1 2 2
1 1
2 2 2 2
;
Aa Bb C Aa Bb C
R R
A B A B
+ + + +
= =
+ +

T suy ra h 2 phng trnh ba n A, B, C. Gii 2 n theo 1 n ri rt gn
(v d: gii A, C theo B) suy ra phng trnh tip tuyn chung ca (C
1
) v (C
2
).
V d: Cho ( )
2 2
1
: 9 C x y + = v ( )
2 2
2
: 6 8 0 C x y x + + = .
Vit phng trnh tip tuyn chung ca (C
1
) v (C
2
).
Gii: ( )
2 2
1
: 9 C x y + = c tm ( )
1
0; 0 I O bn knh R
1
= 3 ;
( )
( )
2
2
2
: 3 1 C x y + = c tm ( )
2
3; 0 I bn knh R
2
= 1.
Xt (): 0 Ax By C + + =
( )
2 2
0 A B + l tip tuyn chung ca (C
1
) v (C
2
).

( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
1
2 2
2 2
2
2 2
.0 .0
, 3
3 1
3 0.
, 1
3 2
A B C
d I
C A B
A B
A B C
d I
A C A B
A B
+ +
= =

= +

+

+ +

= =
+ = +

3 3 C A C = +
9
9 3
2
9 3 9
4
A
C
C A C
C A C A
C

=
= +

=

Xt
9
2
A
C = : T h thc (1) ta suy ra:
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5
3 9 5
2 4 4 2
A
A B A A B A B B A = + = + = = A 0
():
5 5
9 9
0 0 2 5 9 0
2 2 2 2
Ax Ay A x y x y = = =

Bi 3. ng trn

33
Xt
9
4
C A = : T h thc (1) ta suy ra:
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 9 7
0 0
4 16 16
A
A B A A B A B A B = + = + + = = = v l
Vy (C
1
) v (C
2
) c 2 ng tip tuyn chung l:
( )
1
: 2 5 9 0 d x y = v ( )
2
: 2 5 9 0 d x y + =
2. PHNG PHP TIP IM:
Gi s tip tuyn chung tip xc vi (C
1
) ti ( ) ( )
0 0 1
, M x y C , khi
( ) ( )
2 2
2
0 1 0 1 1
x a y b R + = (1)
v phng trnh tip tuyn c dng (): ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 x a x x y b y y + =
() tip xc (C
2
) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
0 1 2 0 0 1 2 0
2 2 2
2 2
0 1 0 1
,
x a a x y b b y
d I R R
x a y b
+
= =
+
(2)
T (1), (2)
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2
0 1 0 1 1
0 1 2 0 0 1 2 0 1 2
x a y b R
x a a x y b b y R R
+ =
+ =

Gii h ta ( )
0 0
, M x y Phng trnh tip tuyn.
V d: Cho ( )
2 2
1
: 4 C x y + = v ( )
2 2
2
: 2 2 1 0 C x y x y + + = .
1
) v (C
2
).
Gii: (C
1
) c tm ( )
1
0; 0 I O bn knh R
1
= 2;
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2
: 1 1 1 C x y + = c tm ( )
2
1;1 I bn knh R
2
= 1
Gi s tip tuyn chung tip xc vi (C
1
) ti ( )
0 0
, M x y , khi
2 2
0 0
4 x y + = (1)
v phng trnh tip tuyn c dng: ():
0 0
4 0 x x y y + = .
ng thng () tip xc vi (C
2
) ( )
0 0
2 2
2 2
0 0
4
, 1
x y
d I R
x y
+
= =
+

2 2
0 0 0 0
4 2 x y x y + = + =
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
6 6
2 2
x y y x
x y y x
+ = =

+ = =

.
Kt hp vi
2 2
0 0
4 x y + =
0 0
0 0
2; 0
0; 2
x y
x y
= =
= =
2 tip tuyn chung l: 2 x = v 2 y =


34
3. PHNG PHP XT CC TRNG HP V TR TNG I CA 2 NG TRN:
TH1:
1 2 1 2
I I R R > + (C
1
) v (C
2
) ngoi nhau c 4 tip tuyn chung.
Nu
1 2
R R = th 2 tip tuyn chung ngoi //
1 2
I I , 2 tip tuyn chung trong ct nhau
ti K l trung im ca
1 2
I I
Nu
1 2
R R th 2 tip tuyn chung ngoi ct nhau ti J v 2 tip tuyn chung
trong ct nhau ti K.

TH2:
1 2 1 2
I I R R = + (C
1
) v (C
2
) tip xc ngoi c 3 tip tuyn chung.
Nu
1 2
R R = th 2 tip tuyn chung ngoi song song vi
1 2
I I , tip tuyn chung
trong i qua tip im K l trung im ca
1 2
I I v vung gc vi
1 2
I I .
Nu
1 2
R R th 2 tip tuyn chung ngoi ct nhau ti J, tip tuyn chung trong
i qua tip im K ca (C
1
), (C
2
).

TH3:
1 2 1 2 1 2
R R I I R R < < + (C
1
) v (C
2
) ct nhau c 2 tip tuyn chung.
Nu
1 2
R R = th 2 tip tuyn chung song song vi
1 2
I I . Nu
1 2
R R th 2 tip
tuyn chung ct nhau ti J.

I
1
I
2

I
2

I
1

J
K
I
1
I
2

K I
2

I
1

J
K
I
1
I
2

K
I
2
I
1

J

Bi 3. ng trn

35
TH4:
1 2 1 2
I I R R = (C
1
) v (C
2
) tip xc trong c 1 tip tuyn chung.
Nu
1 2
R R th (C
1
) v (C
2
) c 1 tip tuyn
chung ti tip im K ca 2 ng trn.
Nu
1 2
R R = th 2 ng trn trung nhau
v s tip tuyn chung
TH5:
1 2 1 2
I I R R < (C
1
) v (C
2
) nm trong nhau khng c tip tuyn chung
Cch xc nh ta im J, K:
Ta c:
1 1 1
2 2 2
KI R JI
KI R JI
= =
1 1
1 2 1 2
2 2
;
R R
KI KI JI JI
R R
= =

Ta 2 im J, K
Phng trnh tip tuyn chung ca (C
1
) v (C
2
) l phng trnh tip tuyn i
qua J, K ca (C
1
), (C
2
).
Sau khi tm c ta ca J v K, ta vit phng trnh tip tuyn chung
theo phng php sau:
Cch 1: ng thng i qua J l (): ( ) ( ) 0
J J
A x x B y y + =
( )
2 2
0 A B + >
tip xc vi (C
1
) ( )
( ) ( )
1 1
1 1 1
2 2
,
J J
A a x B b y
d I R R
A B
+
= =
+

Tnh B theo A hoc tnh A theo B, rt gn ()
Cch 2: Gi s tip tuyn chung tip xc vi (C
1
) ti ( )
0 0
, M x y , khi
( ) ( )
2 2
2
0 1 0 1 1
x a y b R + = (1) v phng trnh tip tuyn () c dng:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 x a x x y b y y + = (2)
im J () ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
0 1 0 0 1 0
0
J J
x a x x y b y y + = (3).
T (1) v (3) suy ra ( )
0 0
, M x y , thay vo (2) Phng trnh tip tuyn ()
V d 1: Cho ( )
2 2
1
: 4 3 0 C x y x + + + = v ( )
2 2
2
: 8 12 0 C x y x + + = .
1
) v (C
2
).
Gii: (C
1
) tm ( )
1
2; 0 I , R
1
= 1; (C
2
) tm ( )
2
4; 0 I , R
2
= 2.
Ta c:
1 2 1 2
6 I I R R = > + (C
1
) v (C
2
) ngoi nhau c 4 tip tuyn chung.
Hai tip tuyn chung ngoi ct nhau ti J, 2 tip tuyn chung trong ct nhau ti K
Ta c
1 1 1
2 2 2
KI R JI
KI R JI
= =
1 2 1 2
1 1
;
2 2
KI KI JI JI = =

( ) ( ) 0; 0 , 8; 0 K O J
I
2

I
1

K


36
ng thng i qua J c phng trnh ():
( )
8 0 A x By + + =
( )
2 2
0 A B + >
tip xc vi (C
1
) ( )
( )
1
2 2
2 8 .0
, 1 1
A B
d I
A B
+ +
= =
+

2 2 2 2
6 35 35 A A B A B B A = + = = A 0
():
( )
8 0 A x By + + =
( )
8 35 0 35 8 0 A x Ay x y + = + =
ng thng i qua K c phng trnh (): 0 Ax By + =
( )
2 2
0 A B + >
tip xc vi (C
1
) ( )
( )
1
2 2
2 0 .0
, 1 1
A B
d I
A B
+ +
= =
+

2 2 2 2
2 3 3 A A B A B B A = + = = A 0
(): 0 Ax By + = 3 0 3 0 Ax Ay x y = =
Vy (C
1
) v (C
2
) c 4 tip tuyn chung l: 35 8 0 x y + = v 3 0 x y =
V d 2: Cho ( )
( )
( )
2 2
1
: 1 1 1 C x y + = v ( )
( )
( )
2 2
2
: 2 3 16 C x y + + + = .
1
) v (C
2
).
Gii: (C
1
) tm ( )
1
1;1 I , bn knh R
1
= 1; (C
2
) tm ( )
2
2; 3 I , bn knh R
2
= 4.
Ta c:
1 2 1 2
5 I I R R = = + (C
1
) v (C
2
) tip xc ngoi ti K
c 3 tip tuyn chung. Hai tip tuyn chung ngoi ct nhau ti J.
Ta c
1 1 1
2 2 2
KI R JI
KI R JI
= =
1 2 1 2
1 1
;
2 2
KI KI JI JI = =

( )
2 1
;
5 5
K ,
( )
7
2;
3
J
ng thng i qua J l ():
( )
( )
7
2 0
3
A x B y + =
( )
2 2
0 A B + >
tip xc vi (C
1
) ( )
( )
( )
1
2 2
7
1 2 1
3
, 1 1
A B
d I
A B
+
= =
+

( )
2 2
2 2 2 7 8 4
0 0 7 24
3 9 3
A B A B B AB B B A + = + + = = =
- Vi
24
7
B A = A 0 ():
( )
( )
7 24
2 0 7 24 30 0
7 3
A x A y x y + = + =
- Vi B = 0 A 0 ():
( )
2 0 2 A x x = =
ng thng qua K
( )
2 1
;
5 5
vi vct php tuyn ( )
2 1
3; 4 I I
c PT: 3 4 2 x y + =
Vy (C
1
), (C
2
) c 3 tip tuyn chung l: 7 24 30 0 x y + = ; 2 x = v 3 4 2 x y + =

Bi 4. ng Elip

37
NG ELIP
I. CC DNG ELIP V C IM
Trc
ln
Hnh dng Elip
Phng trnh v cc yu t trong Elip
Ox
(a > b)

2
2
2 2 2
2 2
1;
y
x
a b c
a b
+ = = +
;
c
e
a
= .
( ) ( )
1 2
; 0 ; ; 0 F c F c . Tiu c: F
1
F
2
= 2c.
A
1
(a; 0); A
2
(a; 0) Trc ln. A
1
A
2
= 2a.
B
1
(0; b); B
2
(0; b) Trc nh. B
1
B
2
= 2b.
1
2
MF a ex
MF a ex
= +
; ng chun
2
a a
x
c e
= =
Oy
(a < b)

2
2
2 2 2
2 2
1;
y
x
b a c
a b
+ = = +
;
c
e
b
= .
( ) ( )
1 2
0 ; ; 0 ; F c F c . Tiu c: F
1
F
2
= 2c.
A
1
(a; 0); A
2
(a; 0) Trc nh. A
1
A
2
= 2a.
B
1
(0; b); B
2
(0; b) Trc ln. B
1
B
2
= 2b.
1
2
MF b ey
MF b ey
= +
; g chun
2
b b
y
c e
= =
y =
(a > b)

( )
2
2
2 2 2
2 2
( )
1;
y
x
a b c
a b
+ = = +
;
c
e
a
=
( ) ( )
1 2
; ; ; F c F c + ; F
1
F
2
= 2c.
( ) ( )
1 2
; ; ; A a A a + A
1
A
2
= 2a.
( ) ( )
1 2
; ; ; B b B b + B
1
B
2
= 2b.
( )
( )
1
2
MF a e x
MF a e x
= +
; g chun
2
a
x
c
= +
x =
(a < b)

( )
2
2
2 2 2
2 2
( )
1;
y
x
b a c
a b
+ = = +
;
c
e
b
=
( ) ( )
1 2
; ; ; F c F c + ; F
1
F
2
= 2c.
( ) ( )
1 2
; ; ; A a A a + A
1
A
2
= 2a.
( ) ( )
1 2
; ; ; B b B b + B
1
B
2
= 2b.
( )
( )
1
2
MF b e y
MF b e y
= +
; g chun
2
b
y
c
= +
A
1
A
2
B
2
B
1
F
1
F
2
M

I
x

y

O

A
1
A
2
B
2
B
1
F
1
F
2
M

O
x

y

A
1
A
2
B
2
B
1
F
1
F
2
M

I

O

A
1
A
2
B
2
B
1
F
1
F
2
M

O

x

y


38
II. XC NH PHNG TRNH ELIP THEO CC YU T
Bi 1. Vit phng trnh elip (E) bit 2 tiu im F
1
(8; 0); F
2
(8; 0) v e = 4/5
1
(0; 4); F
2
(0; 4) v e = 4/5
1
(6; 0); F
2
(6; 0) v
5
4
a
b
=
Bi 4. Vit PT elip (E) bit 2 tiu im F
1
(3; 0); F
2
(3; 0) v i qua
( )
5
; 15
4
M
Bi 5. Vit PT elip (E) bit 2 tiu im F
1
(7; 0); F
2
(7; 0) v i qua M(2; 12)
Bi 6. Vit PT elip (E) bit 4 nh l: A
1
(6; 0), A
2
(6; 0), B
1
(0; 3), B
2
(0; 3)
Bi 7. Vit phng trnh ca elip (E) bit 2 nh ca (E) l: (4; 0), ( ) 0; 15
Bi 8. Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) bit tiu im nm trn trc Ox,
i qua im M(8, 12) v
1
20 MF = .
Bi 9. Vit PT chnh tc ca elip (E) bit di trc ln bng 8, khong cch
hai nh lin tip A
1
B
1
= 5.
Bi 10. Vit PT chnh tc ca elip (E) bit mt cnh ca hnh ch nht c s l
x 2 = 0 vi di ng cho bng 6.
Bi 11. Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) bit tiu im nm trn Oy,
e 1 2 = v khong cch 2 ng chun l 8 2 .
Bi 12. Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) bit tiu im nm trn Ox,
( ) ( )
M 5; 2 E v khong cch 2 ng chun l 10.
Bi 13. Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) i qua M
1
(2; 1), ( )
2
M 5;1 2
Bi 14. Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) i qua ( ) ( )
1 2
M 3 3; 2 , M 3; 2 3
Bi 15. Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca elip (E) i qua
( )
5 4
M ; 2 2 v e
3 5
=
3 5 4 5
M ;
5 5
| |
|
\

v M nhn F
1
F
2
Ox di gc
2

4 2
1
M ;
3 2
| |
|
\

v M nhn F
1
F
2
Ox di gc
3

Bi 18. Tm M(E):
2
2
1
9 4
y
x
+ = sao cho M nhn 2 tiu im di gc bng
2

Bi 19. Tm M(E):
2
2
1
100 25
y
x
+ = sao cho M nhn 2 tiu im di gc bng
2
3

Bi 4. ng Elip

39
III. MT S BI TP MU MINH HA
Bi 1.
( )
2
2
: 1
2 8
y
x
E + = . Tm im M (E) tho mn: 1. C ta nguyn.
2. C tng 2 ta t: a. Gi tr ln nht. b. Gi tr nh nht.
Gii
1. im (x, y) (E) (x, y), (x, y), (x, y) cng (E)
Ta ch cn xt M(x
0
, y
0
) (E) vi x
0
, y
0
0
Ta c:
( )
2 2
0
0 0
2 0 0
0 0
0
0 0
0
0, 2 2
1 2 0 2
2 8
1
1, 2
x
x y
x y
x x
x
x y
= = =
+ =
=
= =

loi
M(1; 2)
Vy cc im thuc (E) c ta nguyn l: (1; 2), (1; 2), (1; 2), (1; 2)
2. im M(x, y) (E)
2
2
1
2 8
y
x
+ = . Theo bt ng thc Bunhiacpski ta c:
Suy ra ( )
( )
2
2
2
2 8 10 10 10
2 8
y
x
x y x y
| |
+ + + = + |
\
. Du bng xy ra

( )
2
4
2 8
10
10
5
y
y x x
x
x y
=
=

=

+ =

1 2
10 4 10 10 4 10
; ; ;
5 5 5 5
M M
| | | |
| |
\ \

Bi 2. Cho (E):
2
2
1
9 5
y
x
+ = . Tm im M (E) tho mn:
a. Bn knh qua tiu im ny bng 2 ln bn knh qua tiu kia ng vi M(E)
b. M nhn on ni 2 tiu im di gc 60
c. M nhn on ni 2 tiu im di gc 90
Gii
M(x, y)(E)
2
2
1
9 5
y
x
+ = . Ta c:
2
2 2 2 2
3 9 3
2 4 5
a a a
c c a b b
= = =

= = = =

( ) ( )
1 2
2; 0 , 2; 0 F F
1 2
2 2
3 ; 3
3 3
c c
F M a x x F M a x x
a a
= + = + = =
a. Yu cu bi ton
( )
( )
1 2
1 2
2 2 3
3 2 3
2
3 3 2
2 3 2 2
3 2 3
2 3 3
x x
x
F M F M
F M F M
x x x

+ =
=
=

=

= = +

15 15 15 15
3 3 3 3
; ; ; ;
2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4
M M M M
| | | | | | | |
| | | |
\ \ \ \


40
b. Xt MF
1
F
2
ta c:
2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
2 . cos 60 F F MF MF MF MF = +
( )
2
2
1 2 1 2 1
3 . F F MF MF MF MF = +
( ) ( )
2 2
1 2
2 2 3 . c a MF MF =
( )( )
2 2
2 2
1 2
4 4 20 25 2 2 21
. 3 3
3 3 3 3 4 12
a c
MF MF x x x y
= + = = =
5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 21 21 21 21
; ; ; ;
2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6
M M M M
| | | | | | | |
| | | |
\ \ \ \

c. Xt MF
1
F
2
ta c:
2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
2 . cos 90 F F MF MF MF MF = +
( )
2
2
1 2 1 2 1
2 . F F MF MF MF MF = +
( ) ( )
2 2
1 2
2 2 2 . c a MF MF =
( )( )
2 2
2
1 2
4 4 9 2 2
. 3 3 10
2 3 3 4
a c
MF MF x x x
= + = = (v nghim)
Bi 3. Cho (E):
( )
2
2
2 2
1 0
y
x
a b
a b
+ = > > . Tiu im ( )
1
; 0 F c . Tm M(E):
a. on
1
F M ngn nht. b. on
1
F M di nht.
Gii
M(x, y) (E)
2
2
2 2
1
y
x
a b
+ = . Ta c:
1
c
F M a x
a
= + v a x a

c
c x c
a

1
a c F M a c +
a. Xt
1
F M a c x a = = M(a; 0). Vy
1
F M ngn nht khi M(a; 0).
b. Xt
1
F M a c x a = + = M(a; 0). Vy
1
F M di nht khi M(a; 0).
Bi 4. Cho (E):
( )
2
2
2 2
1 0
y
x
a b
a b
+ = > > . Tm ta M(E) sao cho tip tuyn
ca (E) ti M to vi hai trc ta mt tam gic c din tch nh nht.
Gii
M(x
0
, y
0
) (E)
2 2
0 0
2 2
1
x y
a b
+ = . PTTT () ca (E) ti M l:
0 0
2 2
1
x x y y
a b
+ =
Gi
( ) ( )
O ; O A y B x
2 2
0 0
0; , ; 0
b a
A B
y x
| | | |
| |
\ \

Bi 4. ng Elip

41

2 2
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1
.
2 2 2 2
A B
b a b a
S OA OB y x ab
y x y x
= = = = . Ta c:
2 2
0 0 0 0
2 2
0 0
1 1 1
2 2 2
y x x y
ab
S ab
b a y x a b
b a
| |
+ = =
|
\
. Du bng xy ra
2 2
0 0
2 2
1
2
x y
a b
= =
1 2 3 4
; ; ; ; ; ; ;
2 2 2 2
a b a b a b a b
M M M M
a a a a
| | | | | | | |

| | | |
\ \ \ \

Bi 5. Cho (E):
( )
2
2
2 2
1 0
y
x
a b
a b
+ = > > . a. CMR: b OM a M (E)
b. Tm 2 im A, B thuc (E) tho mn OA OB v
AOB
S
nh nht.
Gii
M(x, y) (E)
2
2
2 2
1
y
x
a b
+ = .
Ta c:
2 2
1 1
a b
<
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
y y y
x x x
a a a b b b
+ + +
2 2 2 2
2 2
1
x y x y
a b
+ +

2 2 2 2
b x y a + m
2 2
OM x y = + b OM a.
b. Nu A, B l cc nh trn trc th
1
2
OAB
S ab = . Xt A, B khc cc nh suy
ra phng trnh ng thng (OA) c dng y = kx, khi ta c:
2 2 2
2 2
2
2 2 2 2 2
1
A A
A
x k x
a b
x
a b b a k
+ = =
+

( )
( )
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
1
1
A A A
k a b
OA x y k x
b a k
+
= + = + =
+
.
Do OA OB H s gc ca (OB) l
1
k
. Tng t ta suy ra:

( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2
2 2
2
1
1
1
1
a b
k k a b
OB
a b k
b a
k
| |
+
|
+ \
= =
+
+

( )
( ) ( )
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
1
1 1
.
2 2
OAB
k a b
S OAOB
a b k b a k
+
= =
+ +

Ta c:
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 1
2 2
a b k b a k k a b
a b k b a k
+ + + + +
+ + =
2 2
2 2
OAB
a b
S
a b

+
. Du bng xy ra
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 a b k b a k k k + = + = = .
Do
2 2 2 2
2 2
1
2 2
a b a b
ab
ab
a b
=
+

2 2
2 2
Min
AOB
a b
S
a b
=
+

Vy
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
; ; ;
ab ab ab ab
A B
a b a b a b a b
| | | |
| |
+ + + +
\ \


42
hoc
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
; ; ;
ab ab ab ab
A B
a b a b a b a b
| | | |

| |
+ + + +
\ \

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2
1
1
2
2 1
OAB
k a b
ab
a b k b a k ab abk ab k S
ab k
+
+ + + = + =
+

Bi 6. Cho A(3; 0). Tm B, C (E):
2
2
1
9 3
y
x
+ = sao cho B, C i xng qua Ox
ng thi tho mn ABC u.
Gii
Khng mt tnh tng qut gi s B(x
0
, y
0
) v C(x
0
, y
0
) vi y
0
> 0.
Ta c:
2 2
2 2 0 0
0 0
1 3 9
9 3
x y
x y + = + =
Ta c:
0
2 BC y = v phng trnh (BC): x = x
0

( )
( )
0
, 3 d A BC x =
Do AOx v B, C i xng qua Ox ABC cn ti A
suy ra ABC u
( )
( )
3
,
2
d A BC BC = ( )
2
2
0 0 0 0
3 3 3 3 x y y x = =
( )
2
2 2
0 0 0 0 0 0
3 9 2 6 0 0 3 x x x x x x + = = = =
Vi ( )
0 0
3 0 x y = = loi . Vi x
0
= 0
0
3 y = ( ) ( ) 0; 3 , 0; 3 B C
Bi 7. Cho (E):
2
2
2 2
1
y
x
a b
+ = (a > b > 0). Chng minh rng:
Tch cc khong cch t F
1
, F
2
n 1 tip tuyn bt k khng i.
Gii
Gi F
1
(c; 0), F
2
(c; 0). Tip tuyn ti im M(x
0
, y
0
) l
(d):
0 0
2 2
1
x x y y
a b
+ =
2 2 2 2
0 0
0 b x x a y y a b + =
Tch cc khong cch F
1
, F
2
n (d) l:
T =
( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 4
0 0 0
4 2 2 2 2
4 2 4 2 4 2 4 2
0 0
0 0 0 0
b x c a b b x c a b b x c a
b x a a y
b x a y b x a y

=
+
+ +

M(E)
2 2 2 2 2 2
0 0
b x a y a b + = , suy ra:
T =
( )
( ) ( )
4 2 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 4
0 0 0 2
4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 2
0 0 0 0
b x a b a b a x b x a
b
b x a a b b x b b x a a x

= =
+ +
= const

Bi 4. ng Elip

43
Bi 8. Cho elip (E):
2
2
2 2
1
y
x
a b
+ = (a > b > 0).
Tip tuyn (t) ct 2 ng thng x a = ti M, N
a. CMR: A
1
M.A
2
N = const. b. Xc nh (t)
2
F MN
S nh nht
c. Gi
1 n
I A N A M . Tm qu tch I. d. CMR:
1 1 2 2
; F M F N F M F N
Gii
a. Tip tuyn (t) tip xc (E) ti T(x
0
, y
0
) c PT:
(t):
0 0
2 2
1
x x y y
a b
+ =
2
0
2
0
1
x x
b
y
y
a
| |
=
|
\
vi
2 2
0 0
2 2
1
x y
a b
+ =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
0 0
0 0
; 1 ; ; 1
x x
b b
t x a M a t x a N a
y a y a
| | | |
| | | |
= = + = = | |
| |
\ \
\ \

Do M, N lun cng pha so vi Ox nn A
1
M.A
2
N =
2
4
2 0
2 2
0
. 1
M N
x
b
y y b
y a
| |
= =
|
\

b. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 1 2 1 2 2 2
S F MN S A MNA S A MF S A NF =
( )
1 2 1 1 2 2 2 2
1 1
. .
2 2
A M A N a A M A F A N A F = + ( )
1 2 1 2
2 2
a c a c
A M A N a A M A N
+
= +
( ) ( )
2
1 2 1 2
2 2
a c a c
A M A N a c A M a c A N b
+
= + + =
xy ra
( ) ( )
2
1 2
a c A M a c A N b = + =
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
1
2
2
; , ; : 0
; , ; : 0
A M a c M a a c N a a c t cx ay a
A N a c M a a c N a a c t cx ay a
= + + + =
= + =

c. ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
0 0
1 2
2 2
0 0
: ; :
2 2
b a x b a x
A N y x a A M y x a
a y a y
+
= + =

( )
2 2 2
0 0
1 0 0
2
0
; ;
2
2
n
b a x y
A N A M I x x
a y
| |
| |
| = |
|
\
\
. Ta c:
2 2
0 0
2 2
1
x y
a b
+ =

( )
( )
2
2
0 0
2 2
/ 2
1
/ 2
y x
a
b
+ = Qu tch im I l elip ( )
( )
2
2
1
2 2
: 1
/ 2
y
x
E
a
b
+ =
d.
( ) ( )
2
1 2 2 2 1 2
. . A M A N b a c a c A F A F = = + =
1 1 2
2 2 2
A M A F
A F A N
=


44
A
1
MF
2
~ A
2
F
2
N

1 2 2 2
A MF A F N = .
M A
1
MF
2
vung ti A
1

1 2 2 2 2 2 2
90 90 A F M A F N MF N F M F N + = =
Bi 9. Cho 2 im M, N thuc tip tuyn (t) ca (E):
2
2
2 2
1
y
x
a b
+ = (a > b > 0)
sao cho cc tiu im F
1
, F
2
nhn MN di 1 gc 90. Tm honh M, N
Gii
Hai im ( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
; , , M x y N x y (t):
0 0
2 2
1
x x y y
a b
+ =

2
0
2
0
1
x x
b
y
y
a
| |
=
|
\
vi
2 2
0 0
2 2
1
x y
a b
+ = ; F
1
(c; 0), F
2
(c; 0)
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2
2 2 2 2 1 2 1 2
0 0 1
0 0 2
F M F N F M F N x c x c y y
F M F N F M F N x c x c y y
= + + + =
`
= + =
)

( ) ( )
1 2 1 2
2 2 2
1 2 1 1 2 1 2
0 1 2 : 0
0
x x x x
y y x c x x y y c
+ = + =

= + + =

Do M, N (t) nn
2 2
0 1 0 2
1 2
2 2
0 0
1 ; 1
x x x x
b b
y y
y y
a a
| | | |
= =
| |
\ \

( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
4 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 4 2 2
1 0 1 0 1 0
1 2
4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
0 0 0
b a x x b a x x b a x x
y y
a a x a a y a a b b x

= = =

( )
( )
2 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 2 1 1
2 2 4 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 2 2 2
0 0 0
x a x a x x a x x x x c y y x c b x a
b b a a x b a a x b a a x

= = = =

( )
( )
2
2 2 2 2 0
1 1 1
2 2 2 2
0
1
0 0
x
x a x a x a
b a a x
(
+ = = =
(
(

Bi 10. Cho (E):
2
2
2 2
1
y
x
a b
+ = (a > b > 0). Trong tt c cc hnh ch nht Q
ngoi tip (E), hy xc nh hnh ch nht c din tch Max, Min.
Gii
Gi mt cnh hnh ch nht Q l (d
1
): 0 Ax By C + + =
2 2 2 2 2
a A b B C + =

Bi 4. ng Elip

45

( )
2
2 2 2 2
a A b B C + = (d
1
): 0 Ax By C + = // (d
1
) v cng tip xc (E)
(d
1
) l cnh ca Q i din vi (d
1
). Phng trnh cnh (d
2
) (d
1
) l:
0 Bx Ay D + + = vi
2 2 2 2 2
a B b A D + = v (d
2
): 0 Bx Ay D + =
Khong cch gia (d
1
) v (d
1
) l:
2 2
2 C
A B +
; gia (d
2
) v (d
2
) l:
2 2
2 D
B A +

Khng mt tnh tng qut gi s
2 2
1 A B + =
S =
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 1 1 CD a A b A a A b A
( (
= + +

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 1 b a b A a a b A a b a b A A
( (
= + = +

( )
( )
2
2 2
2 2 1 1
0 1
2 4
A A
A A
(
+
=
(

( )
( )
2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
4 4 2
4
a b
a b S a b a b
+ = +
Min S = 4ab ; Max S =
( )
2 2
2 a b +
Bi 11. Cho ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 2
: 4; : 1 C x y C x y + = + = . Cc im A, B di ng trn
(C
1
), (C
2
) sao cho Ox l phn gic ca gc AOB. Gi M l trung im AB.
Tm qu tch im M.
Gii
Ly B
1
i xng B qua Ox ( )
1
;
B B
B x y OA v
1
2 OA OB =

( ) 2 ; 2
B B
A x y

3
;
2 2
B B
x y
M
| |
|
\
. M
2 2
1
B B
x y + = nn nu M(x; y) th
2
2
1
9 / 4 1/ 4
y
x
+ =
Tng qut: Cho ( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
1 2
: ; : C x y a b C x y a b + = + + = (0 < b < a).
Cc im A, B di ng trn (C
1
), (C
2
) sao cho Ox l phn gic ca gc AOB.
Gi M l trung im AB, khi M (E):
2
2
2 2
1
y
x
a b
+ =
Bi 12. Cho A(2; 0) v (C):
( )
2
2
2 36 x y + + = . Vit phng trnh qu tch tm
cc ng trn i qua A v tip xc (C).
Gii
(C):
( )
2
2
2 36 x y + + = l ng trn tm B(2; 0), bn knh R = 6.
Gi M l tm ng trn i qua A v tip xc (C) ti N
MA + MB = MN + MB = BN = 6.


46
Vy qu tch M l elip (E) nhn A, B lm tiu im v c di trc ln bng 6.
V A, B Ox v i xng nhau qua O nn (E) c dng
( )
2
2
2 2
: 1
y
x
E
a b
+ = (0 < b < a)
Vi 2a = 6; b
2
= a
2
c
2
=
2 1
9 5
4
AB =
( )
2
2
: 1
9 5
y
x
E + =
Bi 13. Cho ( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
1 2
: 5 441; : 5 25 C x y C x y + + = + = . Gi M l tm
ng trn (C) di ng tip xc vi (C
1
), (C
2
). Tm qu tch M bit:
a. (C) tip xc trong vi (C
1
) v tip xc ngoi vi (C
2
).
b. (C) tip xc trong vi (C
1
) v (C
2
).
Gii
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1 2 2 2
: 5; 0 , 21 ; : 5; 0 , 5 C O R C O R = =
a. M(x; y) l tm:
1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2
; 26 R R MO R R MO MO MO R R = + = + = + =
T suy ra tp hp cc im
( )
2
2
: 1
169 144
y
x
M E + =
b. M(x; y) l tm:
1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2
; 16 R R MO R R MO MO MO R R = = + = =
T suy ra tp hp cc im
( )
2
2
: 1
64 39
y
x
M E + =
Bi 14. Cho elip (E):
( )
2
2
2 2
1 0
y
x
a b
a b
+ = > > vi cc tiu im
1 2
, F F .
Chng minh: Vi mi im M(E) ta lun c:
2 2 2
1 2
. OM MF MF a b + = +
Gii
t
( )
( )
2 2
0 0
0 0
2 2
; 1
x y
M x y E
a b
+ = , (1)
Ta c:
2 2 2
0 0 1 0 2 0
, ,
c c
OM x y MF a x MF a x
a a
= + = + =
Do :
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 2 0 0 0 0 0
2 2
.
c a c
OM MF MF x y a x a x y
a a
| |
+ = + + = + +
|
\

2 2
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0
0 0
2 2 2
x y
b
a x y a b a b
a a b
| |
= + + = + + = + |
\
(pcm)

Bi 4. ng Elip

47
Bi 15. Cho elip (E) c phng trnh
( )
2
2
2 2
1 0
y
x
a b
a b
+ = > >
Gi A v B l hai im thuc elip (E) sao cho OA vung gc vi OB.
1. Chng minh rng
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
OA OB a b
+ = +
2. CMR: ng thng AB lun lun tip xc vi mt ng trn c nh.
Gii
1. Trng hp 1. A, B nm trn cc trc Ox, Oy.
Ta c:
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
OA OB a b
+ = +
Trng hp 2: A, B khng nm trn cc trc Ox, Oy.
Phng trnh ng thng OA l:
( )
0 y kx k =
Ta ca A tha h
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
2 2 2
1
1
*
A
A A
A
a b
x y
x
a k b k a b
OA x y
a b
a k b a b k
y
y kx
a k b
+ = + +
= + =

+

=
=

+

OB OA nn phng trnh ca OB c dng:
1
y x
k
=
Thay x bng
1
k
vo (*) ta c:
( )
2 2 2
2
2 2 2
1 k a b
OB
a b k
+
=
+

Ta c:
( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1
1 1 1 1
1
k a b a b
OA OB a b a b k a b
+ + +
+ = = = +
+

Vy c hai trng hp trn ta u c:
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
OA OB a b
+ = + (pcm)
2. Trong tam gic OAB k ng cao OH, ta c:
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
OH OA OB a b
= + = +
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
a b ab
OH OH
a b
a b
= =
+
+
. Vy ng thng AB lun lun tip xc
vi ng trn c nh, tm O(0; 0) v bn knh
2 2
ab
R
a b
=
+

O

A
B
x
y


48
Bi 16. Cho (E):
2
2
1
9 4
y
x
+ = v
( ) ( )
1 2
: 0, : 0 d mx ny d nx my = + = , vi
2 2
0 m n + .
1. Xc nh giao im M, N ca
1
d vi (E) v giao im P, Q ca
2
d vi (E)
2. Tnh theo m, n din tch t gic MPNQ.
3. Tm iu kin i vi m, n din tch t gic MNPQ nh nht.
Gii
1. Phng trnh tham s ca
1
d v
2
d l:
( ) ( )
1 2
: ; :
x nt x mt
d d
y mt y nt
= =

= =

Ta ca M, N l nghim ca phng trnh tng giao gia (
1
d ) v (E):
2 2 2 2
2 2
6
1
9 4
9 4
n t m t
t
m n
+ = =
+

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
6 6 6 6
; , ;
9 4 9 4 9 4 9 4
n m n m
M N
m n m n m n m n
| | | |
| |
+ + + +
\ \

Ta ca P, Q l nghim ca phng trnh tng giao gia (
2
d ) v (E):
2 2 2 2
2 2
6
4
9 4
4 9
m t n t
t
m n

+ = =
+

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
6 6 6 6
; , ;
4 9 4 9 4 9 4 9
m n m n
P Q
m n m n m n m n
| | | |
| |
+ + + +
\ \

2. Ta c: MN PQ ti trung im O ca mi ng nn t gic MPNQ l hnh
hnh thoi. Din tch hnh thoi MPNQ l:
S =
1
2
MN.PQ = 2OM.OP =
2 2 2 2
2 .
M M P P
x y x y + +
( )
( )( )
2 2
2 2 2 2
72
9 4 4 9
m n
m n m n
+
=
+ +

3. Theo bt ng thc Cauchy, ta c
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 9 4 4 9 13
9 4 4 9
2 2
m n m n
m n m n m n
+ + +
+ + = +
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
72
144 144
min =
13 13 13
2
m n
S S
m n
+
=
+
t c khi
2 2 2 2 2 2
9 4 4 9 m n m n m n m n + = + = =
Q
N
P
M
O
x
y

Bi 4. ng Elip

49
Bi 17. Cho elip (E) c phng trnh
( )
2
2
2 2
1 0
y
x
a b
a b
+ = > > , vi cc tiu im
1 2
, F F . Chng minh rng tip tuyn ti mt im M bt k trn (E) l phn
gic ca gc
1 2
F MF .
Gii
Ly bt k im
( )
( )
0 0
; M x y E .
Phng trnh tip tuyn ca (E) ti im M
c dng
0 0
2 2
1
x y
x y
a b
+ =
Gi
( )
2
0
0
; 0 0
a
I Ox I x
x
| |
=
|
\

Ta c:
1 0 2 0
,
c c
MF a x MF a x
e a
= + = nn
2
0
0 1 1 1
2
2 2
0 2
0
IF IF
IF
IF
c
a x
a cx MF
a
c MF
a cx
a x
a
+
+
= = = =

T suy ra l phn gic ngoi ca gc
1 2
F MF (pcm)
Bi 18. Trn mt phng ta Oxy, cho im F
1
(2,1), F
2
(6, 4). Mt elip (E)
nhn F
1
, F
2
lm 2 tiu im v tip xc vi Ox ti M. Tm ta M.
Gii
Nhn xt: Nu tip cn bi ton bng cch
lp phng trnh tng qut ca elip (E)
nhn F
1
, F
2
lm 2 tiu im v tip xc vi
Ox

sau tm ta th chng ta rt v
vng khi lp phng trnh ca elip (E).
Chng ta s gii bi ton ny bng cch s
dng bi 17 vi tnh cht tip tuyn Ox l
phn gic ngoi ca gc
1 2
F MF .
Ly ( )
1
2, 1 F
i xng vi ( )
1
2,1 F . Do
Ox l phn gic ngoi ca gc
1 2
F MF nn
1 2
, , F M F
thng hng. Gi M(x, 0) th

( ) ( )
( )
( ) 1 1 2
14 14
2,1 4, 5 5 2 4 ; 0
5 5
F M kF F x k x x M

= = = =

4
1
1
2
M 6
F
1
F
2
F
1

x
y
0
O
M
x
y
F
2
F
1
()
I


50
IV. CC BI TP DNH CHO BN C T GII
Bi 1. Cho (E):
2
2
1
16 9
y
x
+ = v (d): 3 4 12 0 x y + = .
1. Chng minh rng:ng thng (d) ct elip (E) ti 2 im A, B. Tnh AB.
2. Tm C(E) sao cho: a. ABC c S = 6. b. ABC c S Max.
c. ABC cn A hoc B d. ABC vung.
Bi 2. Cho hai im ( ) ( )
1 2
; 0 , ; 0 A a A a vi a > 0 v hng s k 0, k 1.
Lp phng trnh qu tch cc im M tho mn:

2
1 2 2 1
tg . tg MA A MA A k = .
Bi 3. Cho im A(4; 0) v ng trn (C):
( )
2
2
4 100 x y + = .
Lp phng trnh qu tch tm cc ng trn i qua A v tip xc vi (C)
Bi 4. Cho im A(0; 6) v ng trn (C) c phng trnh
2 2
100 x y + = .
Lp phng trnh qu tch tm cc ng trn i qua A v tip xc vi (C).
Bi 5. Cho im A(3; 3) v ng trn (C):
( )
( )
2 2
1 1 16 x y + = .
Lp phng trnh qu tch tm cc ng trn i qua A v tip xc vi (C).
Bi 6. Cho A(3; 3) v 2 ng trn ( )
( )
( )
( )
2 2
2 2
1 2
: 1 16; : 1 1 C x y C x y + + = + = .
Gi M l tm ng trn (C) di ng tip xc vi (C
1
), (C
2
).
Tm qu tch im M, bit:
a. (C) tip xc trong vi (C
1
) v tip xc ngoi vi (C
2
).
b. (C) tip xc trong vi (C
1
) v (C
2
).
Bi 7. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho elip (E):
2
2
1
25 16
y
x
+ =
1. Tm iu kin k v m ng thng
( )
: d y kx m = + tip xc vi elip (E).
2. Khi (d) l tip tuyn ca (E), gi giao im ca (d) v cc ng thng 5 x =
v 5 x = l M v N. Tnh din tch tam gic FMN theo k, trong F l tiu
im ca (E) c honh dng.
3. Xc nh k tam gic FMN c din tch b nht.
Bi 8. Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho elip (E):
2
2
1
25 16
y
x
+ = v im M(8;6)
trn mt phng ta . Qua M v cc tip tuyn vi (E) v gi s T
1
, T
2
l cc
tip im. Vit phng trnh ng thng ni T
1
, T
2
.

Bi 5. ng Hypecbol

51
NG HYPECBOL
I. CC DNG HYPECBOL V C IM
Trc
thc
Hnh dng Hypecbol
Phng trnh v cc yu t trong Hypecbol
Ox

2
2
2 2 2
2 2
1;
y
x
c a b
a b
= = +
; Tm sai
c
e
a
= .
( ) ( )
1 2
; 0 ; ; 0 F c F c . Tiu c: F
1
F
2
= 2c.
A
1
(a; 0); A
2
(a; 0) Trc thc. A
1
A
2
= 2a.
B
1
(0; b); B
2
(0; b) Trc o. B
1
B
2
= 2b.
Tim cn
b
y x
a
= ; g chun
2
a a
x
c e
= = ,
( )
( )
1
2
e
e
MF x a
MF x a
= +

1 0
1 0
x
x
= >
= <
nu
nu

Oy
2
2
2 2 2
2 2
1;
y
x
c a b
b a
= = +
; Tm sai
c
e
b
= .
( ) ( )
1 2
0 ; ; 0 ; F c F c . Tiu c: F
1
F
2
= 2c.
A
1
(a; 0); A
2
(a; 0) Trc o. A
1
A
2
= 2a.
B
1
(0; b); B
2
(0; b) Trc thc. B
1
B
2
= 2b.
Tim cn
b
y x
a
= ; g chun
2
b b
y
c e
= =
( ) ( ) {
1 2
; MF ey b MF ey b = + = vi 1 =
y =
( )
2
2
2 2 2
2 2
( )
1;
y
x
c a b
a b
= = +
; Tm sai
c
e
a
=
( ) ( )
1 2
; ; ; F c F c + . Tiu c: F
1
F
2
= 2c.
( ) ( )
1 2
; ; ; A a A a + Trc thc. A
1
A
2
= 2a.
( ) ( )
1 2
; ; ; B b B b + Trc o. B
1
B
2
= 2b.
Tim cn ( )
b
y x
a
= ; g chun
2
a
x
c
=

x =
( )
2
2
2 2 2
2 2
( )
1;
y
x
c a b
b a

= = +
; Tm sai
c
e
b
=
( ) ( )
1 2
; ; ; F c F c + . Tiu c: F
1
F
2
= 2c.
( ) ( )
1 2
; ; ; A a A a + Trc o. A
1
A
2
= 2a.
( ) ( )
1 2
; ; ; B b B b + Trc thc. B
1
B
2
= 2b
Tim cn ( )
b
y x
a
= ; g chun
2
b
y
c
=

F1
A1
F2
B2
B1
A2
I x
y
O

F
1
A1
F
2
B
2
B
1
A2
O

x

y

O

F1
A1
F2
B2
B1
A2
I
x
y
F
1
A1
F
2
B
2
B
1
A2
O

x

y


52
II. XC NH PHNG TRNH HYPECBOL THEO CC YU T
Bi 1. VPTCT ca (H) i qua ( ) M 5 2, 2 5 v c tiu im ( ) ( )
1 2
3 5;0 ; 3 5;0 F F
Bi 2. VPTCT ca (H) i qua M(2; 0) c tiu im F
1
(4; 0), F
2
(4; 0)
Bi 3. VPTCT ca (H) i qua O(0; 0) c tiu im F
1
(2; 0), F
2
(0; 3)
Bi 4. VPTCT ca (H) i qua M(5; 3) v c tm sai 2 e =
Bi 5. VPTCT ca hypecbol (H) i qua ( ) ( )
1 2
M 4; 6 ;M 6;1
Bi 6. VPTCT ca hypecbol (H) i qua ( ) M 6; 2 3 bit di trc thc bng 6
Bi 7. VPTCT ca hypecbol (H) i qua ( ) M 3; 3 bit di trc o bng 2
Bi 8. VPTCT ca (H) i qua
4 34 9
M ;
5 5
| |
|
\
v M nhn F
1
F
2
Ox di gc
2

Bi 9. VPTCT ca (H) i qua ( ) M 4 10;9 v M nhn F
1
F
2
Ox di gc vung.
4 5
2
M ;
3 3
| |
|
\
v M nhn F
1
F
2
Ox di gc
2
3

4 5
2
M ;
3 3
| |
|
\
v M nhn F
1
F
2
Oy di gc
3

Bi 12. VPTCT ca (H) bit di trc o bng 6 v 2 tim cn vi nhau.
Bi 13. VPTCT ca (H) i qua M(24; 5) v 2 ng tim cn l: 5 12 0 x y =
Bi 14. VPTCT ca (H) i qua M(2; 1) v gc t ca 2 ng tim cn l 120
Bi 15. VPTCT ca (H) i qua M(6; 4) v gc gia 2 ng tim cn l 60.
Bi 16. Vit phng trnh chnh tc ca hypecbol (H) c 2 ng tim cn l
3 4 0 x y = v 2 ng chun 5 16 0 x =
Bi 17. VPTCT ca (H) c cng hnh ch nht c s vi elip (E):
2 2
9 16 144 x y + =
Bi 18. VPTCT ca hypecbol (H) c nh A(1; 1) nm trn trc thc v ng trn
ngoi tip hnh ch nht c s ca (H) l (C):
2 2
2 2 7 0 x y x y + =

Bi 5. ng Hypecbol

53
III. MT S BI TP TNG GIAO CA HYPECBOL
Bi 1. Cho (H):
2
2
1
4 9
y
x
= . Gi (d) i qua O v (d): y = kx
a. Tm iu kin ca k (d) v (d) u ct (H).
b. Tnh din tch hnh thoi vi 4 nh l 4 giao im ca (d), (d) v (H).
c. Xc nh k hnh thoi y c din tch nh nht.
Gii
a. Ta c: (d): y = kx v
( )
1
: d y x
k
= . Ta c (d) ct (H) khi v ch khi

2 2 2
1
4 9
x k x
=
( )
2 2
9 4 36 k x = c nghim
2
9 4 0 k >
(d) ct (H) khi v ch khi
2 2
2
1
4
9
x x
k
=
2
2
4
9 36 x
k
| |
=
|
\
c nghim
Yu cu bi ton
2
2
4
9 4 0, 9 0 k
k
> >
2 9 3 4 2
9 4 3 2
k k < < < <
b. Vi
3 2
3 2
k < < th (d): y = kx ct (H) ti 2 im A, C phn bit vi cc ta
l
2 2
2
36
9 4
A C
x x
k
= =
;
2
2 2
2
36
9 4
A C
k
y y
k
= =
v
( )
1
: d y x
k
= ct (H) ti 2 im
B, D phn bit vi
2
2 2
2
36
9 4
B D
k
x x
k
= =
;
2 2
2
36
9 4
B D
y y
k
= =

Ta c AC BD ti trung im O ca mi on nn ABCD l hnh thoi.
( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2
2 2
72 1
1
4 4 . 2
2
9 4 9 4
ABCD AOB A A B B
k
S S OAOB x y x y
k k
+
= = = + + =

c.
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 5 1
9 4 9 4 9 4 9 4 1
2 2
k k k k k
(
+ = +

144
5
ABCD
S
Du bng xy ra
2 2
9 4 9 4 1 k k k = = . Vy
144
Min
5
ABCD
S = .
Bi 2. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho (H):
2 2
9 9 0 x y = .
Tm trn (H) nhng im nhn on ni hai tiu im di gc vung.
Tm trn (H) nhng im nhn on ni hai tiu im di gc 60
Tm trn (H) nhng im c ta nguyn.


54
Gii
(H):
2
2 2 2
9 9 0 1
9
y
x y x = = . Ta c: a = 1, b = 3 10 c =
M(x
0
, y
0
) (H)
2 2
0 0
9 9 x y = (1) . im M nhn on ni hai tiu im di gc
vung nn M thuc ng trn (C) ng knh
1 2
F F , tc l tm O,
2 2
10
2
F F
R= = .
M(C):
2 2
10 x y + =
2 2
0 0
10 x y + = . Kt hp vi (1)
2 2
0 0
19 81
;
10 10
x y = =
1 2 3 4
190 9 10 190 9 10 190 9 10 190 9 10
, , , , , , ,
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
M M M M
| | | | | | | |

| | | |
\ \ \ \

b. M(x
0
, y
0
) nhn
1 2
F F di gc 60
2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
2 . cos
3
F F MF MF MF MF

= +
( )
( ) ( )
2
2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 0 0
. 4 4
c c
F F MF MF MF MF c a x a x a
a a
= + = + +
2 2
0 0
37
40 4 10 1
10
x x = + =
2
0
27
9
10
y =

1 2 3 4
370 9 30 370 9 30 370 9 30 370 9 30
, , , , , , ,
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
M M M M
| | | | | | | |

| | | |
\ \ \ \

c. rng nu im M(x
0
, y
0
) l im c ta nguyn (H) th cc im
(x
0
, y
0
), (x
0
, y
0
), (x
0
, y
0
) (H) cng c ta nguyn.
Vy ta ch cn xt trng hp khi
0 0
, 0 x y .
Ta c: ( ) ( )
2 2
0 0 0 0 0 0
9 9 3 3 9 x y x y x y = + =
( )
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0
5
3 1;3 9 ; 4
3
3 3;3 3
1; 0
x y x y x y
x y x y
x y
= + = = =

= + =
= =
loi

Vy cc im c ta nguyn (H) l M
1
(1; 0), M
2
(1; 0)
Bi 3. Cho (H):
2
2
1
9 4
y
x
= v A(3; 2), B(0; 1). Tm im C(H) sao cho
ABC c din tch nh nht. Tnh gi tr nh nht .

Bi 5. ng Hypecbol

55
Gii
(AB): 1 0 x y = v 3 2 AB AB = =
. Gi C(x
0
, y
0
) (H)
2 2
0 0
1
9 4
x y
= .
Ta c:
( )
( )
0 0 0 0
3 3 1
, 1 1
2 2 2
S AB d C AB x y x y = = .
S dng bt ng thc ( )
( )
( )
2
2 2 2 2
, , , , , ax by a b x y a b c x y ta c
( )
2 2
0 0 0 0
0 0
3 2 9 4 5
3 2 9 4
x y x y
x y
| |
= = |
\

( )
3
5 1
2
S
Du bng xy ra
0 0
9 4
,
5 5
x y = = hay
9 4
;
5 5
C
| |
|
\

Bi 4. Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy cho (H):
2
2
1
16 9
y
x
= . Gi F l mt
tiu im ca (H) ( 0
F
x < ) v I l trung im ca on OF. Vit phng
trnh cc ng thng tip xc vi (H) v i qua I.
Gii
Ta c:
2 2
16, 9 5 a b c = = = F(5; 0)
( )
5
; 0
2
I .
ng thng (d) qua I:
( )
5
0
2
A x By + + =
( )
2 2
0 A B + >
5
0
2
Ax By A + + =
(d) tip xc (H)
( )
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 39
5
39 36 0
2 6
a A b B A A B B A = = =
A 0 (d):
39 39
5 5
0 0 6 39 15 0
6 2 6 2
Ax Ay A x y x y + = + = + =
Bi 5. Cho Hypecbol (H):
2
2
2 2
1
y
x
a b
= .
1. Tnh di phn ng tim cn chn bi 2 ng chun.
2. Tm khong cch t tiu im ca (H) ti cc ng tim cn.
3. Chng minh rng: Chn cc ng h t 1 tiu im ti cc ng tim
cn nm trn ng chun ng vi tiu im .


56
Gii
1. (H):
2
2
2 2
1
y
x
a b
= c 2 tiu im ( ) ( )
1 2
, 0 , , 0 F c F c vi
2 2
c a b = + .
Hai ng chun ca Hypebol (H) tng ng l
2 2
1,2
2 2
:
a a
x
c
a b
= =
+
.
Gi H, K l giao ng tim cn
b
y x
a
= vi
1 2
, khi ta c
2
2 2
2 2 2 2
, 2 2
H H H H
a ab
x y OH x y a KH OH a
a b a b
= = = + = = =
+ +

2. Khong cch t ( )
1
, 0 F c n
b
y x
a
= hay 0 bx ay = l
2 2
0 bc
d b
a b
= =
+

3. Ta c
( ) ( )
1
, ; ,
H H H H
OH x y F H x x y

suy ra
( )
2 2 2 2 2
1 1
, . 0
H H H H H H
OH F H x x c y x y c x a a F H OH = + = + = =

Bi 6. Cho Hypecbol (H):
2
2
2 2
1
y
x
a b
= . Chng minh rng tch cc khong cch
t mt im ty trn (H) n hai ng tim cn l khng i.
Gii
Ly im bt k
( )
( )
2 2
2
2
0 0
0 0
2 2 2 2
, : 1 1
x y y
x
M x y H
a b a b
= = . Vit phng
trnh hai ng tim cn c di dng 0
y
x
a b
= th khong cch t im M
n 2 ng tim cn l

2 2
0 0
0 0 0 0
2 2 2 2
1 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
1
.
1 1
1 1 1 1
x y x y x y
a b a b a b a b
d d
a b a b
a b
a b a b a b
+
= = = =
+ +
+
+ +

Bi 7. Vit phng trnh (d) i qua M(0; 2) v ct (H):
2
2
1
4 1
y
x
= ti A, B
phn bit sao cho M l trung im AB.

Bi 5. ng Hypecbol

57
IV. CC BI TON TIP TUYN HYPECBOL
Bi 1. Cho (H):
2
2
2 2
1
y
x
a b
= . CMR: a. Tip tuyn ca (H) ti M(x
0
, y
0
)(H) c
phng trnh:
0 0
2 2
1
x x y y
a b
=
b. iu kin cn v (): 0 Ax By C + + = tip xc (H) l
2 2 2 2 2
a A b B C =
Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (H) trong cc trng hp:
Bi 2. (H):
2 2
4 20 x y = v h s gc tip tuyn
3
4
k =
Bi 3. (H):
2 2
5 4 0 x y = v tip tuyn // (D): 3x + 2y 1 = 0.
Bi 4. (H):
2 2
4 5 20 0 x y + = v tip tuyn (D): 3x + 2y 1 = 0.
Bi 5. (H):
2 2
4 4 x y = + v tip tuyn to vi (D): x 2y + = 0 gc 45
Bi 6. (H):
2 2
2 4 x y = v tip tuyn i qua A(2; 3)
Bi 7. (H):
2 2
2 4 x y = v tip tuyn cch tm i xng ca (H) 1 khong 3
Bi 8. (H):
2 2
25 16 400 0 x y + = v tip tuyn i qua A(4; 1)
Vit phng trnh tip tuyn chung ca cc ng cong sau:
Bi 9. ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
1 2
: 1 v : 1
4 3 4 3
y y
x x
H H = =
Bi 10.
( ) ( )
2
2 2
2
: 1 v : 1
4 7 3
y
x x
H E y = + =
Bi 11.
( ) ( )
2
2
2 2
: 1 v : 1
2 7
y
x
H C x y = + =
Bi 12. ( )
2
2
1
: 1
9 4
y
x
H = v ( )
2
2
2
: 1
6 1
y
x
H =
Bi 13.
( )
2
2
: 1
8 27
y
x
H = v
( )
2
2
: 1
4 9
y
x
E + =


58
Bi 14.
( )
2
2
: 1
16 4
y
x
H = v
( ) ( )
2
2
: 2 4 C x y + + =
Bi 15. Vit phng trnh (H) bit (H) c trc trng vi cc trc ta v tip
xc vi cc ng thng: ( ) ( )
1 2
: 5 6 16 0; :13 10 48 0 x y x y = =
Bi 16. Cho (): 0 Ax By C + + = tip xc (H):
2
2
2 2
1
y
x
a b
=
a. F
1
, F
2
l tiu im, k F
1
H
1
(), F
2
H
2
(). CMR:
2
1 1 2 2
F H F H b =
b. Chng minh rng: H ng thng (D):
2
cos sin 4cos 1 0 x t y t t + + =
lun tip xc vi (H) c nh.
Bi 17. Cho (H):
2
2
2 2
1
y
x
a b
= ; A
1
, A
2
l nh, 1 tip tuyn () bt k ct 2 tip
tuyn ti nh A
1
, A
2
ln lt ti cc im M, N.
a. CMR: .
M N
y y const = b. Tm im
1 2
I A N A N
Bi 18. Cho (H):
2
2
2 2
1
y
x
a b
= . Tip tuyn tip im ti M (H) ct 2 tim cn
ti P, Q. Chng minh rng: a. M l trung im PQ.
b. OPQ c din tch khng i khi M di ng trn (H).
Bi 19. Cho (H):
2
2
2 2
1
y
x
a b
= . CMR: Tip tuyn tip im ti M bt k (H) l
phn gic trong ca
1 2
F MF
Bi 20. Cho (H):
2
2
2 2
1
y
x
a b
= . Tnh din tch hnh ch nht c 4 nh (H) v
c 2 cnh // Oy i qua 2 tiu im.
Bi 21. Cho (H):
2
2
2 2
1
y
x
a b
= . Ly
( )
0 0
, M x y thuc nhnh bn phi ca (H) v
khng trng vi nh ca (H). ng thng qua M song song vi trc
tung ct trc honh ti P v ct mt ng tim cn ti Q. Gi E v E
l giao im ca ng trn tm O bn knh a vi ng tim .
Chng minh rng QE = MF
2
, QE = MF
1

Bi 6. ng Parabol

59
NG PARABOL
I. CC DNG PARABOL V C IM
TX
Trc
thc
Hnh dng Hypecbol Phng trnh v cc yu t trong Parabol
O
(0; 0)
Ox

2
2 y px = ; Tiu im
( )
; 0
2
p
F Ox.
Tm sai e = 1. ng chun ():
2
p
x =
Bn knh qua tiu im: ( )
2
M
p
M P MF x = +
O
(0; 0)
Ox

2
2 y px = ; Tiu im
( )
; 0
2
p
F Ox.
2
p
x =
2
M
p
M P MF x =
O
(0; 0)
Oy

2
2 x py = ; Tiu im
( )
0;
2
p
F Oy.
2
p
y =
2
M
p
M P MF y = +
O
(0; 0)
Oy

2
2 x py = ; Tiu im
( )
0;
2
p
F Oy.
2
p
y =
2
M
p
M P MF y =
S(a; b) y = b

Phng trnh: ( )
( )
2
2 y b p x a = ;
Tiu im ( ; )
2
p
F a b + (y = b) // Ox.
2
p
x a =
2
M
p
MF a x = +
S(a; b) x = a

Phng trnh:
( )
( )
2
2 x a p y b = ;
Tiu im ( ; )
2
p
F a b + (x = a) // Oy.
2
p
y b =
2
M
p
MF b y = +
x

y

X

b

O

F

S

Y

a

F

S

x

y

X

Y

a

b

O

p/2

2
p

F

O

()

x

y

p/2
F

O

()

x

p/2
y

2
p

2
p

F

O

()

x

y

2
p

2
p

F

O
y

()

x


60
II. XC NH CC YU T CA PARABOL
Bi 1. VPT chnh tc ca (P) vi nh l gc ta O v bit:
Tiu im F(4; 0) Tiu im F(0; 2)
ng chun x = 3 ng chun y = 1/2
i qua A(2; 1) v nhn Oy lm trc i xng.
Nhn Ox lm trc X v chn trn y = x on 2 2
Bi 2. Lp phng trnh chnh tc ca Parabol (P) nh O bit (P) c:
Trc Ox, khong cch t tiu im n ng chun bng 2.
Trc Oy, tiu im F(0; 1)
Trc Oy v (P) i qua A(1; 1)
Trc Ox v (P) i qua ( ) A 2; 2 2
ng chun l 2x 7 = 0
Bi 3. Trong mt phng Oxy, lp PT ca Parabol (P)
Tiu im F(3; 2), ng chun l trc Ox.
nh S(2; 1), ng chun l trc Oy.
Tiu im
( )
3
F ; 2
2
, ng chun l: y + 1 = 0.
Tiu im O(0; 0), ng chun: 3x 4y 10 = 0.
Bi 4. Trong mt phng Oxy, lp PT ca Parabol (P)
nh S(1; 1), tiu im F(2; 1)
Tiu im F(2; 4), ng chun: y 4 = 0
nh S(1; 2), ng chun Oy.
nh S(1; 2), i qua O; trc cng phng trc ta .
Trc l ng x = 1, nh S ng y + 1 = 0 v (P) chn trn y = x 2 mt
on c di 4 2
Trc Ox, (P) chn Oy mt on 2b v khong cch t nh n gc O bng a.
nh S (D): x 1 = 0, trc cng phng Ox, (P) i qua A(2; 3) v B(5; 3)

Bi 6. ng Parabol

61
Bi 5. Lp phng trnh ca Parabol (P) c:
Tiu im l O, ng chun: x y 2 = 0
nh S(2; 1), tiu im F(3; 2)
nh S(1; 3), ng chun (D): x 2y = 0
nh O, trc Oy, tiu im F, dy AB = 1 Oy ti I l trung im OF.
Bi 6. Trong mt phng Oxy cho (P):
2
4 y x =
Tm M(P) c bn knh qua tiu im MF = 10; y
M
> 0
Tm thm N(P) sao cho OMN vung ti O.
Tm A, B (P) sao cho OAB u.
Bi 7. Trong mt phng Oxy cho Parabol (P): ( )
2
2 0 y px p = >
Tnh di dy MN Ox ti tiu im F.
Tm 2 im A, B (P) sao cho OAB u.
Bi 8. VPT cc cnh ca mt tam gic ni tip Parabol (P):
2
8 y x = , bit 1
nh l gc ta O v trc tm ca tam gic l tiu im ca (P)
Bi 9. Cho (P):
2
4 x y v (D): 2 4 0 x y + =
Tm ta giao im A, B ca
( ) ( )
P D
Tm M trn cung AB ca (P) sao cho tng din tch hai phn hnh phng gii
hn bi (P) v hai dy MA, MB l nh nht.
Bi 10. Tm im M(P):
2
64 y x = sao cho khong cch t M n (D):
4 3 86 0 x y + + = nh nht.
Bi 11. Cho (P):
2
y x = v (D): y = mx (m 0)
ng (D) ct (P) ti M O. ng (D) (D) ct (P) ti N O.
Chng minh rng: ng thng MN lun i qua 1 im c nh m.
Bi 12. Cho (D): 0 Ax By C + + = vi
2 2
0 A B + > v (P): ( )
2
2 0 y px p = > .
Bin lun theo A, B, C, p s giao im ca (D) vi (P).
Bi 13. Cho (P):
2
y x = v A(1; 1), B(3; 9).
Tm M(P) sao cho din tch ABM t Max.
Bi 14. Trong mt phng Oxy cho hnh vung ABCD c cnh AB nm trn (d):
x y 8 = 0 cn 2 nh C, D (P):
2
y x = . Tnh cnh hnh vung ABCD.


62
III. TIP TUYN V CC BI TON NH TNH CA PARABOL
III.1. Tip tuyn ti 1 im thuc Parabol
1. M(x
0
, y
0
) (P
1
):
2
2 y px = (t): ( )
0 0
yy p x x = +
2. M(x
0
, y
0
) (P
2
):
2
2 y px = (t): ( )
0 0
yy p x x = +
3. M(x
0
, y
0
) (P
3
):
2
2 x py = (t): ( )
0 0
xx p y y = +
4. M(x
0
, y
0
) (P
4
):
2
2 x py = (t): ( )
0 0
xx p y y = +
III.2. K cn v ( ): 0 Ax By C + + = tip xc (P)
1. () tip xc (P
1
):
2
2 y px =
2
2 . pB AC =
2. () tip xc (P
2
):
2
2 y px =
2
2 . pB AC =
3. () tip xc (P
3
):
2
2 x py =
2
2 . pA BC =
4. () tip xc (P
4
):
2
2 x py =
2
2 . pA BC =
Bi 1. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca (P):
2
4 0 y x + = ti cc giao im ca
(P) vi (C):
2 2
5 2 4 0 x y x y + + + =
Bi 2. Vit PT tip tuyn ca (P):
2
8 y x = // (D): 2x y = 0
2
2 0 x y + = vi h s gc k = 2.
2
36 x y = i qua im A(9; 2)
Bi 5. Vit PT tip tuyn chung ca (P):
2
12 y x = v elip (E):
2
2
1
8 6
y
x
+ =
Bi 6. Vit PT tip tuyn chung ca (P):
2
4 y x = v (C):
2 2
2 3 0 x y x + =
Bi 7. Cho (P): ( )
2
2 0 0 y px p + = > . CMR: m t ,
2
p
A m
| |
|
\
lun k c
2 tip tuyn vung gc nhau. Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua 2
tip im v chng minh n i qua mt im c nh.
Bi 8. Cho (P):
2
4 y x = . Vit PT cc tip tuyn ca (P) k t im A (1; 2).
Chng minh rng 2 tip tuyn ny vung gc vi nhau.

Bi 6. ng Parabol

63
IV. MT S BI TP MU MINH HA
Bi 1. Cho (P):
2
2 y px = v M (P).
ng () i qua M ct Ox ti A,
ct tip tuyn ti nh B v ct
(P) ti M, N. CMR:
2
. BA BM BN =
Gii
K MH v NK vung gc Oy
BN BA BM
OA MH NK
= =
2
2
.
.
BM BN BA
MH NK
OA
= (1)
t ; ;
M N A
x m x n m x a = = =
2 2
2 , 2
M N
y pm y pn = = . Do AM ~ AN m n
suy ra
M N
m a n a
y y

=
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2 2
2
0
2 2
m a n a
m n mn a
pm pn

= = .
Do m n
2
mn a =
2
. MH NK OA = (2). Suy ra
2
. BA BM BN =
Bi 2. Cho (P): ( )
2
2 0 y px p = > c ; 0
2
p
F
| |
|
\
v ng chun ():
2
p
x = .
Tip tuyn (D) ca (P) ti M ct Ox, Oy ti N, I.
a. CMR: I l trung im MN; FI (D) v im i xng ca F qua (D) thuc ()
b. Gi
( ) ( )
K D . ng thng qua F v Ox ct (D) ti L. CMR: FK = FL
Gii
K MG () MG = NF.
Theo nh l Pascal th

FMN FNM =
FM FN = MFNG l hnh thoi.
M G, F cch u Oy 1 khong
2
p

nn tm hnh thoi I Oy
Ta c LF Ox

IFL IGK = IFL = IGK FL = GK
m K(D) chnh l trung trc ca GF nn GK = FK FK = FL
A

O
x

y

B

M

N

n

m

H

K

F

O

x

y

B
M

N

p/2

I

K

p/2

G

L

()


64
Bi 3. Cho (P) c tiu im F. T im I v 2 tip tuyn IM, IN n (P)
a. CMR:
2
. FI FM FN = v
2
2
IM FM
FN
IN
=
b. Mt tip tuyn (d) tu ca (P) tip
xc (P) ti T v ct IM, IN ti Q, Q
CMR:
. FQ FQ
FT
khng ph thuc v tr ca (d)

Gii
Chn h Oxy sao cho (D):
2
2 y px = (p > 0)
Theo nh l Pascal

M
KMH KMF KMH KML MH ML x = = = =
M
2
M
p
MF x MH OF MF MH OF = + = + = FL OF =
FKO KFL =

90 KFL KFO MKF OKF KMF = = = .
Tng t ta c:

v FJ IN FNJ FJO =
a.

FKI FJI 90 = = IKFJ ni tip

FKJ FIJ = ,

KIF KJF =

FMI FIN, FIM FNI = = FIM ~ FNI
2
2
2
. v
FI FM IM IM FI FM FM
FI FM FN
FN FI IN FN FI FN
IN
= = = = =
b. Coi d v d
1
l 2 tip tuyn xut pht t Q, Q

2 2
. v . FQ FM FT FQ FN FT = =

2 2 2 2 2
.
. . . . .
FQ FQ
FQ FQ FM FN FT FI FT FQ FQ FI FT FI
FT
= = = =
Bi 4. Cho parabol (P): ( )
2
2 0 y px p = > . Gi s chm ng thng
( )
lun
i qua tiu im F v lun ct (P) ti hai im phn bit M, N. CMR: Tch cc
khong cch t M, N n trc honh Ox khng ph thuc vo v tr ca ()
Gii
Xt () i qua ; 0
2
p
F
| |
|
\
v ct (P) ti hai im phn bit M, N theo 2 kh nng:
F

x

y

M

I
K

H

L

N

J

Bi 6. ng Parabol
65
i
( )
:
2
p
x = ;
( )
( ) P ti M ; , N ;
2 2
p p
p p
| | | |
| |
\ \
( ) ( )
2
; . ; d M Ox d N Ox p =
i
( )
:
2
p
y k x
| |
= |
\
, 0 k . Ta ca M
1 1
( , ) x y ,
2 2
N( , ) x y l nghim ca h:
2
2
2
y px
kp
y kx

2
2 2
2
2 0
y
x
p
ky py kp

2
2
1 2
kp
y y p
k
= =
Ta c ( ) ( )
2 2
1 2 1 2
, , . . d M Ox d N Ox y y y y p p = = = = .
Bi 5. Cho parabol (P)
2
2 y px = . Gi s trn (P) ly im A c nh v hai
im B, C di ng c tung ln lt l a, b, c sao cho AB AC. CMR:
ng thng ni B, C lun i qua mt im c nh.
Gii
Cc im A, B, C ln lt c ta l
2 2 2
; , ; , ;
2 2 2
a b c
A a B b C c
p p p
| | | | | |
| | |
\ \ \
.
2 2
; // ; 1
2 2
b a b a
AB b a u
p p
| |
+ | |
=
| |
\ \

;
2 2
; // ; 1
2 2
c a c a
AC c a v
p p
| |
+ | |
=
| |
\ \

.
Do AB AC nn . 0 AB AC =

( ) ( )
2
1 0
4
b a c a
p
+ +
+ =
2
4 p
c a
a b
=
+
(1).
ng thng ni B, C c phng trnh
( ) ( )
2
2px c b c y b c c = + + (2)
Thay (1) vo (2) ta c:
2 2
4 4
2 0
p p
px b a y b a
a b a b
| | | |
+ = | |
+ + \ \

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
2 4 4 0 p a b x b a p y ba a b p b
(
+ + =

(3)
Gi s h (3) lun i qua im nh ( ) , I x y vi mi b. Khi :
( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2
2 4 2 4 0, b y a b px p a pax a y p y b + + + + + =

2 2
2
2 2
0
2 4 0
2
2
2 4 0
y a
y a
px p a
a
x p
p
pax a y p y
+ =
=

= =

= +

+ + =
im c nh
2
2 ;
2
a
U p a
p
| |
+
|
\
Bi 6. Gi s hai parabol
2
y ax b = + ;
( )
2
0 x cy d ac = + ct nhau ti 4 im
phn bit. Chng minh rng: Cc giao im ny nm trn mt ng trn.
Gii

66
Gi s
2
y ax b = + ;
( )
2
0 x cy d ac = + ct nhau ti
( )
( ) ; 1, 4
k k k
M x y k = .
Ta c
2
2
k k
k k
y ax b
x cy d
= +
= +

( )
( )
2
2
1
2
k
k
k
k
y
b
x
a a
x
d
y
c c
= +
= +
. Cng cc v ca (1), (2) vi nhau:

2 2 2 2
0
k k k k
k k k k
y x x y
b d b d
x y x y
a c a c c a a c
+ = + + + + + + =
( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
1 1 1 1
2 2
2 2
k k
b d
x y
c a a c
c a
+ = + . Do hai parabol ct nhau ti
bn im phn bit nn
2 2
1 1
0
2 2
b d
a c
c a
+ > . T
( )
( ) ; 1, 4
k k k
M x y k =
nm trn ng trn tm
( )
1 1
;
2
I
2 c a
v bn knh
2 2
1 1
2 2
b d
R
a c
c a
= + .
Bi 7. Vit PT cc cnh tam gic ni tip trn parabol (P):
2
8 y x = bit mt
nh l tm O v trc tm l tiu im ca (P)
HD: Trc tm F(2; 0), V OF AB A, B i xng nhau qua Ox.
Gi A(x, y); B(x; y) OA FB

( ) ( ) 10; 4 5 , 10; 4 5 A B
Bi 8. Cho (P): ( )
2
2 0 y px p = > ; (D) i qua tiu im F ca (P) ct (P) ti M,
N. t ( ) [ ] O , FM 0; 2 x = . a. Tnh FM, FN theo p, .
b. CMR:
1 1
const
FM FN
+ = c. CMR: FM.FN nh nht khi (D) Ox.
HD: a. ;
1 cos 1 cos
p p
FM FN = =
+
Bi 9. Cho (P): ( )
2
2 0 y px p = > . Ly M(P) O. Gi N, K l hnh chiu ca
M ln Ox, Oy. CMR: ng thng i qua K v OM lun i qua mt
im c nh. ng thng i qua K v NK lun i qua 1 im c
nh. ng thng NK lun tip xc vi mt parabol c nh.
Bi 10. Cho (P):
( )
2
4 0 y ax a = > tiu im F. Gi M (P). Tip tuyn (d) ca
(P) ti M ct Oy ti N. ng thng () qua M (d); K l hnh chiu
ca F ln (). CMR: FN MN v
2
FN
const
FM
= v K Parabol c nh.

(Trithuctoan - Blogspot.com) Hinh Hoc Giai Tich Oxy Tran Phuong

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

(Trithuctoan - Blogspot.com) Hinh Hoc Giai Tich Oxy Tran Phuong

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

http://trithuctoan.blogspot.

l vc t php tuyn (VTPT) ca () () gi ca n

5. Phng trnh t () i qua M

ct nhau th phng trnh 2 ng phn gic

im G(4;2) l trng tm ABC nn:

. Tam gic ACK cn ti C nn

lm vect php tuyn c phng trnh:

AnB sao cho:

2 tip tuyn chung l: 2 x = v 2 y =

. Tng t ta suy ra:

thng hng. Gi M(x, 0) th

= . Ta c (d) ct (H) khi v ch khi

khng ph thuc v tr ca (d)

. Cng cc v ca (1), (2) vi nhau:

You might also like