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Nhin liu diesel sinh hc Biodiesel

TS. L Th Thanh Hng

Nhin liu diesel sinh hc - Biodiesel

TS. L Th Thanh Hng 10. 2012

Mc tiu chuyn Cung cp nhn thc v kin thc v


Tnh hnh kh pht thi trn th gii hin nay Hiu ng nh knh v kh hu nng m ton cu Biodiesel - Ngun nhin liu sinh hc c th thay th Cng ngh sn xut biodiesel Hin trng, thch thc v nh hng pht trin ca vic nghin cu v sn xut biodiesel

M t chuyn
nh hng ca hiu ng nh knh Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin ca biodiesel u v nhc im ca biodiesel Cng ngh sn xut biodiesel

Tiu chun, phng php nh gi cht lng biodiesel


Hin trng, thch thc v trin vng ca vic nghin c sn xut biodiesel Vit Nam v th gii

Ni dung chuyn
I. Gii thiu chung v biodiesel

II. Cng ngh sn xut biodiesel

III. nh gi cht lng biodiesel


IV. Kt lun
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Phn b thi gian

Chng 1

Ni dung Gii thiu chung v biodiesel

Tit dy 8

Thi gian 15/10 22/10

Cng ngh sn xut biodiesel

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29/10 12/11

KIM TRA GIA K 5/10 3 4 TNG


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nh gi cht lng biodiesel Kt lun

3 1 22

12/11 12/11 19/11

Phng php nh gi

Stt

Ni dung

Tit dy

1 2 3

Chuyn cn Thi gia k Thi cui k

+1

im cng (dch bi, tiu lun)

+2

Tiu lun 1. Mc ch
K nng
Tm kim ti liu c ti liu ting Anh Trnh by vn KHTH K nng trnh by vn bn

2. Yu cu
SV phi
c ti liu ting Anh Trnh by mt vn trong sn xut nghin cu, nh gi biodiesel Format chun theo quy nh

Kin thc
S liu thng k v d bo Phng php nghin cu LCA

3. Tn ti
BQ-9000 Program Phn tch vng i sn phm (Life Cycle Assessment) Tng hp biodiesel s dng xc tc CaO- Review Xu hng mi trong nghin cu v sn xut biodiesel Ha hc xanh Ngn chn nhim v Duy tr pht trin bn vng

Ti liu tham kho Internet:


i hc Berkeley: http://www.berkeleybiodiesel.org i hc Colorado: http:// www.cubiodiesel.org i hc Utah: http://www.utahbiodieselsupply.com

i hc Idaho: http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/bioenergy
Hi ng biodiesel quc gia (USA): http:// www.biodiesel.org Hi ng biodiesel chu u: http://www.ebb-eu.org/

UFOP: http://www.ufop.de/english
http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel.html http://www.biodieselmagazine.com/

Sch, bo:
1. Dmytryshyn S, Dalai A, Synthesis and characterization of vegetable oil derived esters: evaluation for their diesel additive properties, Bioresource Technology, 92, 55-64, (2004). 2. Knothe G, Analyzing Biodiesel: Standards and Other Methods, Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society (JAOCS), 83 (10), 823-833, (2006). 3. Mittelbach M, Diesel fuel derived from vegetable oils, VI: Specifications and Quality Control of biodiesel, Biosource Technology, 56, 3, (1996). 4. Knothe G, Analytical methods ued in the production and fuel quality assement of biodiesel, Trans ASAE, 44, (2), 143-200, (2001). 5. Schuchardt U, Transesterification of Vegetable Oils: a Review, Journal of Brazilian of Chemical Society, 9(1), 199-210, (1998).
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6. Lotero E, Goodwin J, Lopez D. The Catalysis of Biodiesel Synthesis, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Catalysis, 19, 50-58, (2006).

7. Gerpen J, Shanks R.Prusko R, Clements D. Biodiesel Production Technology. National Renewable Energy Laboratory NREL/SR-51036244, (2004).
8. Lotero E, Liu Y, Lopez D, Synthesis of Biodiesel via Acid Catalysis, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, 44, 5353-5363, (2005). 9. Leung D, Guo Y, Transesteification of neat and used frying oil: Optimization for biodiesel production, Fuel Processing Technology, 87, 883890, (2006). 10.Muniyappa P, Noureddini H, Improved conversion of plant oils and animal fats into biodiesel and co-product, Bioresource Technology, 56, 19-24, (1996).
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11.Zullaikah S, A two-step acid-catalyzed process for the production of biodiesel from rice bran oil, Bioresource Technology, 96, 18891896, (2005). 12.Canakci, Gerpen, Biodiesel Production via acid catalysis, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 42(5), 1203-1210, (1999). 13.Ma F, Hanna M, Biodiesel production: a review, Bioresource Technology, 70, 1-15, (1999). 14.Vicente G, Martnez M, Aracil J, Integrated biodiesel production: a comparison of different homogeneous catalysts systems, Bioresource Technology, 92, 297305, (2004). 15.Canakci M, Gerpen J, Biodiesel Production from Oils and Facts with High Free Fatty Axits, Transactions of ASAE, ISSN 0001-2351, 44(6), 1430, (2001).
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I. TNG QUAN V BIODIESEL


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1.1. nh ngha biodiesel Diesel ha thch


Phn on chng ct trung bnh: 180 280C n-parafin, iso-parafin, cht thm, S, O, N,.

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C 3 loi: No. 1-D, No. 2-D, No. 4-D Diesel No. 1-D
o Phn on chng ct nh 170 270 oC o ng c c bin thin rng v vn tc, ti trng o Kerozen, nhin liu phn lc

Diesel No. 2-D


o o o o Diesel thng dng Phn on chng ct trung bnh 180 340 oC ng c c ti trng, vn tc cao Thnh phn: n-ankan, cycloankan, ankynbezen, vng thm

Diesel No. 4-D


o Phn on chng ct nng 170 270 oC o ng c diesel c vn tc thp, trung bnh trong iu kin vn tc v ti trng gn nh khng thay i
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Qu trnh chy ca nhin liu trong ng c diesel:


Rudolt Diesel (1858 1913) pht minh ng c 4 th o Np: a khng kh vo xylanh o Nn:
Nn khng kh n nhit (500 700 oC) v p sut cao Phun sng nhin liu vo xylanh

o Chy:
Qu trnh t chy xy ra Qu trnh dn n sinh cng lm chy ng c

o X: kh thi
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17

18

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Kh nng t bc chy ca diesel:


c trng bng ch s cetan CN Yu cu cho ng c diesel: 45 50 CN cao qu: lng ph nhin liu CN thp qu: xy ra qu trnh chy kch n

Xu th s dng ng c diesel

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Diesel c t s nn cao hn xng (14/1 17/1) Cng sut s dng ca diesel ln hn xng Nhin liu diesel r hn v khng qua ch bin phc tp Kh thi t c hn v khng cn c ph gia

nh ngha biodiesel
Cha c nh ngha chnh xc Theo ASTM D6751:
o o o o o L monoalkyl ester (FAME) K hiu B100 i t acid bo mch thng di ca du m ng thc vt S dng trc tip vi ng c diesel m khng cn hiu chnh Phi trn vi diesel k hiu BXX: XX: Vbiodiesel (%) trong du pha trn B5, B20, B25

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100 80 60 40 20 0 B2 B5 B10 B20 B100


Biodiesel
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Petroleum diesel

Tn hng sn xut Case IH

Biodiesel cho php s dng B20, B100

New Holland
Caterpillar Chrysler Cummins Detroit Diesel Ford

B100
B5, B20, B30 B5, B20 (Dodge Ram) B20 (ISX, ISM, ISL, ISC, ISB) B5 B5, tng lai B20

General Motors
Isuzu John Deere Mack Mercedes Volvo Truck VW 23

B5, B20 (yu cu thit b chuyn i c bit trn xe c th)


B5 B2, B5, B20 B5 (SME) B5 B5 B5, tng lai B20

Website:

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The National Biodiesel Board (NBB): http://www.nbb.org/ The Biodiesel Industry website: http://www.biodiesel.org/

Nh my sn xut biodiesel MN
Source: http://www.mnsoy.com/biodiesel_pricing.htm

Source: www.jsonline.com/bym/news/jan06/ 389013.asp

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Sternberg (c) 30 triu tn biodiesel/nm

Ngun: http://www.ecomotion.de/en/eco/thecompany/locations/sternberg/

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Nh my sn xut biodiesel Grand Couronne 250.000 tn/nm (Php)

Nh my sn xut biodiesel Fox - Petroli 120.000 tn/nm () 27

1.2. Lch s ca biodiesel


1890: Rudolf Diesel pht minh ra ng c diesel 1892 : Diesel chyng c bng du u phng 1930 1940: ng c chy bng du thc vt 1938: FAME chy xe but Brussels Louvain

1981: biodiesel thng phm Nam Phi


1985: 1 xng sn xut biodiesel o 1990: thng mi ha biodiesel o 1990: Ford, Massey-Ferguson, Mercedes, Sam tha nhn
Rudolf Diesel (c) (1858 1913)

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1.3. Tnh cht nhin liu ca du m Thnh phn ha hc:


Triglyxerit (TG) Axit bo t do (free fatty acid FFA) Sterol, lipit phospho Vitamin A, vitamin D Nc, mu, mi, v tp cht

Trng thi t nhin


Dng lng: du Dng rn: m

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Cc loi du m c th s dng lm nhin liu


o Thc vt n c:
Du da, u nnh, du ci, du ht hoa hng dng Du c

o M ng vt:
M b, cu, m heo, m g M c,.

o Du khng n c:
Du Jatropha, du vi to, du c, Du Pangomia,

o Du qua s dng
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Thnh phn axit bo trong mt s du m ng thc vt


Thnh phn axit bo (% khi lng) Du m C14:0 Ci Hoa hng dng u nnh C16:0 3,49 C16:1 C18:0 0,85 C18:1 64,40 C18:2 22,30 C18:3 8,23 Mc no (%) 4,34

1-2 3-6 2,4

6,08
10,58 28-30 24-32 23,24

3,26
4,76

16,93
22,52 40-50 37-43 44,32

73,73
52,34 7-13 2-3 6,97

8,19 0,67

9,34
15,34 41-50 47-63 38,63

M heo
M b M vng M nu 31

3,79

12-18 20-25 12,96

1,66

22,83

3,13

12,54

42,36

12,09

0,82

37,03

Thng s nhin liu ca du m so vi diesel


o nht ng hc : 30 40 cSt 38oC
nht cao: khi lng v cu trc phn t ln Khi lng phn t: 600 900, cao hn diesel 20 ln

o im chp chy rt cao (> 200oC) o im c (CP), im chy (PP) cao hn o Ch s cetan (CN) thp hn: 32 40 o Nhit tr: 39 40 MJ/kg < diesel (45 MJ/kg)

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Cc thng s k thut c trng ca du m


o Ch s axit AV: hm lng axit bo t do o Ch s x phng ha o Ch s it 0 200: khng no

o Hm lng oxy trong phn t (c trng): 10%


o Hm lng nc

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1.4. S dng du m lm nhin liu nht cao:


o o o o o nh hng n qu trnh phun t ng ca ng c Trn ln du m vi khng kh khng hiu qu Lm hng cc thit b t ng ca ng c Chy khng han tan u phun b tc nghn

Nhit chp chy cao:


o Gim kh nng bay hi o Chy khng han tan o u phun b tc nghn
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Ch s cetan thp
o o o o T bc chy thp To nhiu cn, mui than Tnh nhn thp Khi ng phi gia nhit

B oxy ha, polyme ha Tnh cht nhit thp Gi cao


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Tnh cht nhin liu mt s du m ng thc vt


Du m
Bp Ht bng Ht lanh u phng Ci Nnh Hng dng C nht ng hc, 38 oC (cSt) 34,9 33,5 27,2 39,6 37,0 32,6 33,9 39,6 3,06 Ch s xetan 37,6 41,8 34,6 41,8 37,6 37,9 37,1 42,0 50 43,8 Nhit tr (MJ/kg) 39,5 39,5 39,3 39,8 39,7 39,6 39,6 im c im chy im chp (oC) -1,1 1,7 1,7 12,8 -3,9 -3,9 7,2 31,0 -16,0 (oC) -40,0 -15,0 -15,0 -6,7 -31,7 -12,2 -15,0 chy (oC) 277 234 241 271 246 254 274 267 76,0 T trng (kg/L) 0,910 0,915 0,924 0,903 0,912 0,914 0,916 0,918 0,855

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Diesel No.2

1.5. Khc phc nhc im nhin liu du m Mc tiu


Gim nht Nng ch s cetan Ci thin tnh cht nhit thp

Phng php pha long:



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S dng dung mi alcohol pha long vi du thc vt Hn hp ng nht v bn vng? T l trn vi diesel ti a l 8% (i vi du da) Vn to cn ni u phun

Phng php sy nng:


Nguyn tc: nhit tng nht ca lu cht gim 35 45oC: nht du m 25 35 mm2/s 80 oC: bin tnh, nh hng n hot ng ca ng c Khng ci thin tr s cetan, nhit tr Phi ci t thm b phn

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Phng php nh tng ha:


To ra h nh tng gia du thc vt vi dung mi kt hp (cht phn tn) v cht hot ng b mt Dung mi: metanol, etanol, propanol, butanol-1 Sau pha trn vi diesel Ch s cetan, nhit tr ca h nh tng thp Phun sng trong bung t khng u, to nhiu cn H nh tng khng bn

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Phng php cracking nhit:


Xc tc (mui kim loi) hoc khng c xc tc Sn phm: parafin, olefin Tn nhiu nng lng, kinh ph u t thit b Sn phm biogasoil nhiu hn biodiesel CN = 43, nht = 10.2 cSt (cao hn diesel) Lu hunh, nc, ht (particulate matter-PM) nm trong gii hn cho php Hm lng cn, tro v im chy kh cao

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Cc phn ng c th xy ra trong qu trnh craking du m

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Phng php ha hc:


Este ha t axit bo, trao i este t du m vi ancol

c trng ca phn ng: thun nghch


Xc tc: axit, baz, enzym Gim ng k nht do gim trng lng phn t

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1.6. Tnh cht c trng ca biodiesel


Cht lng mu vng nht Mi nh, d bay hi T trng ~ 0,88 g/cm3 nht tng ng vi diesel

Khng tan trong nc


Cht kh i vi ng, ch thic Dung mi hu c tt hn diesel Thn thin vi mi trng

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Chy han tan, khng gy ting n Tnh cht nhit thp


o o o o Kt tinh, ng c nhit thp Gy tc nghn li lc, u phun ca ng c Nhit kt tinh ty thuc vo nguyn liu Thm diesel, ph gia, este mch nhnh

Vng i ca biodiesel (biodiesel cycle)


o o o o
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Ti to: renewable Gim nhim: low emission profile Thn thin vi mi trng: environmentally beneficial T phn hy: biodegradable

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46

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u nhc im ca biodiesel
u im
o Gim nhim mi trng o Khng gy ting n o C th ti to o T phn hy o Tng tui th ca ng c

o Gim l thuc vo du m
o Pht trin nng nghip

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Tc dng ca biodiesel i vi kh nh knh

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Th no l hiu ng nh knh ? (greenhouse gases effect)

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Kh nh knh:
Hi nc, CO2, CH4, N2O, O3, CFCs, HFCs, PFCs Kh nng hp th cc bc x sng di (hng ngoi)

Bc x mt tri:
Di nh sng vi cc bc sng khc nhau Tia t ngoi: b O3 hp thu mnh Tia hng ngoi: kh nh knh hp thu v lu gi nh sng nhn thy:
o B hp thu bi nc, cy, t sinh ra bc x hng ngoi IR
o Mt phn bc x ny b gi bi cc kh nh knh o CO2 va , gi nhit cho tri t 30 oC o Lng kh nh knh tng nhiu IR b gi li tng nhit ton cu
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(Ngun: Dr. Peter J. Bryant - University of California, Irvine, Courses in Global Sustainability, 1999)

Bc x mt tri chiu n tri t

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Lng kh thi d bo v hin nay


Kh
CO2 CH4 NOx CFCs

D bo
280 ppm 700 ppb 270 ppb 0

Hin nay
387 ppm 1,745 ppb 314 ppb 533 ppt

Cc nc c cng nghip pht trin th x kh thi cng nhiu


Ngun: Graham R. Thompson, Earth Science and the Environment, Cengage Learning, (2006)

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Lng kh nh knh tng nhanh ng k trong th k 20 Hp th IR tng, nhit ton cu tng

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Ngun: T.S. Ledley, EOS, Climate Change and Greenhouse Gases, p.453, 1999

Thng k mc cc ngun gy ra kh nh knh M (1990 2004)

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Ngun: hftp://ftp.eia.doe.gov/pub/oiaf/1605/cdrom/pdf/ggrpt/057304.pdf

Tng ozon suy yu

Bc cc tan bng

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nh hng n h sinh thi bin

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Ma axit chu u

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Kho st pH nc ma ca M
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S thay i phn b cc loi h sinh thi

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D bo v tng nhit ton cu

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Kh nng phn hy ca du m, biodiesel v diesel


Mu nhin liu Kh (gas ch s octan 91) Du nng Du ci tinh luyn Du u nnh tinh luyn Mc phn hy sau 28 ngy (%) 28 11 78 76

Biodiesel t du ci
Biodiesel t du ht hoa hng dng

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90

Ngun: A. Demirbas, Energy Conversion and Management 50 (2009) 1434

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Nhc
o o o o o o Tnh cht nhit thp NOX hi cao hn diesel T l s dng 92% diesel C th b oxy ha Cng ngh k thut cao Gi thnh cao hn diesel
Tn nhin liu Gi bn (USD/gallon)

Diesel
Biodiesel (B 20) Biodiesel (B 2-B5) Biodiesel (B 100) 64

2.63
2.53 2.60 3.31

Ngun: US-EPA, A comprehensive analysis of biodiesel impacts on exhaust emissions, (2002) 65

So snh chi ph trong gi thnh sn xut biodiesel v diesel

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Cc phng tin s dng biodiesel

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Tnh hnh sn xut biodiesel

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Phn b vng nguyn liu sn xut biodiesel Brazin

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Ngun: Angelo C. Pinto, Biodiesel: an overview, J. Braz. Chem. Soc,16(6b) (2005)

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Ln nht l EU: 75% (c, Php, v Ba Lan) c: 1/2 sn lng biodiesel trn th gii (2005), M, Malaysia, Thi Lan, Trung Quc,: pht trin vng nguyn liu v sn xut biodiesel

Philipin d kin s dng 25% E10 vo nm 2010


Nh nc tr gi bn thng qua thu

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Tnh hnh sn xut biodiesel ca EU (2009)

http://www.thebioenergysite.com/articles/716/eu-biodiesel-industry-showing-restrained-growth (2010) 72

2. Phn ng iu ch biodiesel

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2.1. Nguyn liu iu ch biodiesel Phong ph


Du m ng vt : b, cu, heo Du thc vt: nnh, c, ci M qua s dng: vng, nu,

Cc vn ca nguyn liu
Gi cao nh hng an ninh lng thc Hm lng du trong nguyn liu Tm ngun nguyn liu mi
o o o
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Tim nng, sn c, r tin, khng n c Khng nh hng n t trng Du thi, vi to, jatropha

Hm lng du trong mt s du m ng thc vt


Loi nguyn liu Sn lng du (L/ha) Ng Canola 172 1,190 Loi nguyn liu u nnh u phng Sn lng du (L/ha) 446 2,689

C
To (70% du)

5,950
136,900

Jatropha
To (30% du)

1,892
58,700

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Gi ca mt s loi du m nguyn liu

Ngun: W. Koerbitz, New Trends in the Development of Biodiesel World-wide, Austrian Biofuels Institute (2005)

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Sn lng ca mt s loi du m nguyn liu

Ngun: W. Koerbitz, New Trends in the Development of Biodiesel World-wide, Austrian Biofuels Institute (2005)

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Nng sut biodiesel ca cc loi du m (gallon/acre)

Ngun: W. Koerbitz, New Trends in the Development of Biodiesel World-wide, Austrian Biofuels Institute (2005)

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So snh cc ngun nguyn liu c nghin cu

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Ngun: Angelo C. Pinto, Biodiesel: an overview, J. Braz. Chem. Soc,16(6b) (2005)

Sn lng v d bo sn xut biodiesel t 2007 n 2019

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Ngun: CECD-FAO, Agricultural Outlook 2011-2012

Ngun nguyn liu chnh sn xut hin nay


M: du ci, du thi, to Chu u: du hoa hng dng Brazin, Maylasia: du c n , Nam Phi: jatropha

Cy Jatropha:

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Cy diesel, cy cc ro Trng trn t cn, lng ma t Gi t, chng xi mn Chu k ngn, hm lng du cao Khng n c, ht c c t Thnh phn chnh C18:1, C18:2

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Cc giai on pht trin cy jatropha

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Ngun: The Community at the World Biofuels Conference '09 http://www.jatrophabook.com/news_detail.asp?news_page=27

Vn ca cy jatropha
o o o o Ging, iu kin trng Nng sut, hm lng du K thut trch ly du c t ca ph phm

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Vi to
Aquatic Species Program ASP NREL tin hnh 19781996 36 000 loi, hm lng du cao Khng n c Khng tn in tch nui trng D mc, chu k pht trin rt ngn Gim kh CO2 Hiu sut biodiesel > 200 ln
www.nrel.gov/docs/legosti/fy98/24190.pdf

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B nui to bn cnh nh my in Kona, Hawaii (NERL)


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Nui to:
o Dinh dng: nh sng, kh CO2, nc, mui nitrat, photphat, st o Ngun nc: bin, ao, h hoc nc l o Nhit n nh: 20 30oC.

o Gim chi ph: nh sng mt tri


o Phng php nui: raceway, photo-reactor o Photo-reator hiu qu hn o Du to c khng no cao (C20:5), (C22:6) o Biodiesel d b oxy ha

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Trch du t to:
o C hc: To kh, p c hc T l du 70% Phng php n gin, r tin o Trch ly bng dung mi Dung mi hecxan, c T l trch cao 95 % Chi ph ln o Trch ly trong mi trng CO2 siu ti hn CO2 iu kin siu ti hn (super critical), dng lng Nhanh, hiu qu 100 % Chi ph ln
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Quy trnh nui trng to lm nguyn liu sn xut biodiesel

Du to Nc/dinh dng nh sng CO2 sinh khi to Nng lng cho qu trnh sinh khi CO2 Li in Nng lng Qu trnh k kh Sn xut Thu hi sinh khi Tch chit sinh khi

Sn xut biodiesel

Phn bn

- Thc n gia sc - Sn phm khc

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Phng php nui raceway


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Phng php nui photo-reactor


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Nui trng to trong phng th nghim tng hp biodiesel

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So snh phng php photo-reator v raceway


Thng s Khi lng sinh khi (kg) Hiu qu tnh trn th tch sinh khi (kg/m3/ngy) Hiu qu tnh trn din tch (kg/m2/ngy) Nng sinh khi trong dch to (kg/m3) Din tch s dng (m2) Hiu sut du thu c (m3/ha) Khi lng CO2 tiu th (kg) Thng s ca h thng S lng kho st iu kin ca photoreactor 100 000 1,535 0,048 - 0,072 4,00 5681 136,9 58,7 183,333 iu kin ca raceway 100 000 0,117 0,035 0,14 7828 99,4 42,6 183,333

132 ng ni song song/b, d= 80 m, 978 m2/h r =12 m, 82 m, d=h= ng knh=0,06 m 0,30 m 6 b 8 h

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o o o o

K thut nui trng Ging, K thut p du Nc

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Du thi hoc qua s dng


Cn, mu, tp cht Gum, nc, axit bo t do Thu gom Gi r .

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So snh tnh cht nhin liu ca du thi, biodiesel v du diesel


Tnh cht nhin liu nht ng hc (mm2/s, 313K) Du qua s dng 36,4 Biodiesel t du qua s dng (WBO) 5,3 Du diesel 1,9-4,1

T trng (kg/L)
chp chy (K) im chy (K) CN Hm lng tro (%) Hm lng sunfat Cn cacbon (%) Hm lng nc (%) Nhit tr (MJ/kg) Ch s axit (mgKOH/g)

0,924
485 284 49 0,006 0,09 0,46 0,42 41,40 1,32

0,897
469 262 54 0,004 0,06 0,33 0,04 42,65 0,1

0,075-0,840
340-358 254-260 40-46 0,008-0,01 0,35-0,55 0,35-0,4 0,02-0,05 45,62-46,48

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Ngun: A. Demirbas, Energy Conversion and Management 50 (2009) 1434

T chc h thng thu gom du qua s dng lm nguyn liu sn xut biodiesel M

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Tng thng Obama k sc lnh gim thu biodiesel 12.2010

2011:

o 1,1 t galon
o 39 027 vic lm

Ngun: http://www.biodiesel.org/production/production-statistics 100

nh hng thnh phn FA n tnh cht biodiesel


Cc tnh cht b chi phi:
o o o o o o Ch s cetan CN Ccetan number) nht (Kinematic viscosity) Nhit tr (Heating value) im chp chy (Flash point) Ch s iot (Iodine Value) Tnh cht nhit thp (Low-temperature properties) im c (Cloud point - CP) bn oxy ha (Oxidation Stability) im chy (Pour point - PP) im tc li lc (Cold filter plugging point CFPP)

101

Cc yu t nh hng: o S ni i trong mch tng:


CN gim nht gim Ch s iot tng bn oxy ha gim Tnh cht nhit thp tt

Ngun: S. Kent Hoekman, Review of biodiesel composition, properties, and specifications, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16, 143 169 (2012)

102

103

o Mc no cao:
CN cao hn (c, m > ci, u nnh) nht cao Tnh cht nhit thp km: CP, PP, CFPP cao D b kt tinh, khng bn trong mi trng lnh
Du c, m ng vt: % no cao, tnh cht nhit thp km

o phn nhnh tng:


Tnh cht nhit thp tt: PP ca biodiesel t du nnh

iso-propyl = - 9oC 2-butyl = -12oC


Gii php cho biodiesel nhng vng lnh
104

o Chiu di mch C-C tng:


CN tng Nhit tr tng nht tng im c tng

105

2.2. Phn ng iu ch biodiesel c im ca phn ng


Ester ha:

Trao i este (transesterification), ancol phn (methanolysis)

o o o

Tc cht: ru, TG Tnh cht: thun nghch, ta nhit Xc tc: tng vn tc phn ng

106

Ancol ROH:
o o o o Bc nht, thng: metanol, etanol, propanol, butanol, amylol Thng s dng metanol (metanol phn) Ancol nhnh: ci thin tnh cht nhit thp Tng hiu sut phn ng: dng d ancol

C ch 3 giai on: sn phm chnh FAME v glyxerin


o Phng trnh tng qut:

107

108

Quy trnh iu ch biodiesel, thu hi metanol v glyxerin


Xc tc MeOH Du m

MeOH thu hi

Chuyn ha este

Pha Thu hi MeOH glycerin Tch pha ME/glyxerin

Thu hi MeOH

Pha FAME
Ra FAME

Chng ct MeOH Lm sch glyxerin

MeOH tch ra

Sy FAME

MeOH

Chng ct glyxerin

GLYXERIN

BIODIESEL

109

Hai giai on:


Phn ng metanol phn
FAME, G to thnh Pha trn: FAME (chnh), TG, DG, MG, G, MeOH Pha di: G (chnh), TG, DG, MG, G, MeOH, xc tc

Ra, tinh ch, thu hi


Thu hi MeOH, G Ra biodiesel Loi nc Loi b hoc thu hi xc tc

110

111

The Biodiesel Program at Loyola University Chicago (Updated: August 1, 2012)


Making Biodiesel from Virgin Vegetable Oil

Biodiesel from Waste Vegetable Oil and Titrations Topics: Utilizing waste cooking oil, titration (acid/base), neutralizing solutions
Making Liquid Soap - From Biodiesel Glycerin Topics: Utilizing waste glycerin and controlling physical properties Biofuel Life Cycle Analysis Topics: Diagram life cycles of ethanol and biodiesel then estimate/test/correct various process inputs Combustion of Renewable and Fossil Fuel Topics: Emissions, completeness of combustion, and how matter is affected Properties of Liquids Topics: Differentiate and identify density and viscosity Biodiesel Viscosity Topics: How to identify and manipulate viscosity and its importance

112

http://www.luc.edu/biodiesel/education/labs

S lng nghin cu ,patent c cng b trong nhng nm va qua

113

Ngun: E. Santacesaria, Main technologies in biodiesel production: State of the art and future challenges, Catalysis Today, (2012)

2.3. Xc tc ca phn ng iu ch biodiesel Xc tc baz ng th


MOH + ROH RO- +H2O + M+ ROM RO- + M+ M2CO3 + ROH ROM + HMCO3

K2CO3 + ROH ROK + HKCO3


Ancoxit (Na, K) Hydroxit (NaOH, KOH)
Kim loi kim Kim loi kim th

Oxit (CaO, MgO, ZnO)


114

Mui ccbonat (Na, K)

C ch phn ng xc tc baz ng th

115

Xc tc axit ng th
Axit Brnsted:
o HCl, H2SO4, H3PO4, o p-toluen sulfonic (PTSA)

Axit Lewis:
o Nhn eo BF3, acetat ca Ba, Ca, Mg, Zn, TiCl2, TiCl4,..

Sau phn ng, xc tc c trung ha Nu du m c FFA

116

C ch phn ng xc tc axit ng th

117

Du m c FFA (>0,5 %), H2O cao:


Thy phn TG Phn ng x phng:
o Tng nht, to keo o Gim tc dng ca xc tc o Tr ngi tch thu hi glyxerin v ra sn phm

118

nh hng ca hm lng nc n hiu sut biodiesel


Ngun: Canakci M, Gerpen J, Biodiesel Production from Oils and Facts with High Free Fatty Acids, Transactions of ASAE, ISSN 0001-2351, 44(6), 1430, (2001)

119

Hiu sut gim t 97% 6 % khi hm lng FFA trong du t 0,3 % 5,3 %

nh hng ca hm lng FFA n hiu sut biodiesel


Ngun: Malaya Naik, Production of biodiesel from high free fatty acid Karanja (Pongamia pinnata) oil, Biomass and Bioenergy, (2007)

120

Gii php thc hin phn ng hai giai an:


(1): Xc tc axit: o Phn ng este ha: chuyn FFA thnh FAME o AV < 0,5 %

(2): Xc tc baz : o Tnh ton thm xc tc NaOH/KOH v MeOH o Phn ng trao i este: chuyn TG thnh FAME

Trong cng nghip:


o Thit b a chc nng o Nguyn liu a dng
121

V d: Sn xut biodiesel bng phng php th cng 2 giai on


Giai on 1: este ha xc tc axit

1. Nu chy m 2. Thm metanol v axit 3. Este ha xong


122
Dr Wayne Davies, A talk for Design Students University of Sydney, 8.2005

Giai on 2: trao i este xc tc NaOH

1. Thm MeOH v NaOH

2. Phn ng hon thnh

123

3. Glyxerin bt u tch ra

4. Ra biodiesel ln 1

5. Sau khi ra ln 1

6. Sau khi ra ln 3

124

Dr Wayne Davies, A talk for Design Students University of Sydney, 8.2005

Thay i hm lng ca FFA, TG v FAME trong phn ng hai giai an

Ngun: Zullaikah S, Lai C, Vali S, Ju Y, A two-step acid-catalyzed process for the production of 125 biodiesel from rice bran oil, Bioresource Technology, 96, 18891896, (2005).

Kt qu x l hm lng FFA sau giai on 1 bng xc tc H2SO4


Du m Cao su
Tobacco Polanga Jatropha Karanja

FFA (%) trc x l 17,0


35,0 22,0 14,0 40,0

FFA (%) sau x l <2,0


0,95 <2,0 <1,0 <1,0

% xc tc H2SO4 0,5
0,5 0,65 1,43 2,0 Fe2SO4

126

Gii php tinh ch du m trc khi s dng:


Kh gum:
o Gum lm tng ng k nht v t trng ca biodiesel o Dng nc tch cc cht hu c phn cc nh phospholipid o Ly tm tch pha du m nm pha trn

X l kim:
o Ra du m vi dung dch NaOH/ KOH o Ly tm tch lp du m trn, lp nc x phng nmdi

Ty trng :
o Dng cao lanh ty trng du m, ly i mu, keo, khong v c o Lc b cht cn
127

Kh sp (kt tinh sp):


o H nhit du m ty trng xung 6 8oC o Lc b sp
Ra vi dung dch NaOH, Ra nc Ly tm KOH Khuy Ly tm

b. X l kim
Lc

Lm lnh

a. Kh gum
Du m tinh ch

c. Ty trng d. Kh sp

128

Ngun: Lotero E, Goodwin J, A.Bruce Jr, Suwannakarn K, Yijun Liu, Lopez D. The Catalysis of Biodiesel Synthesis, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Catalysis, 19, 50-58, (2006)

Lc

Hp cht Phospho

Xc tc enzym
Enzym hot ng ti b mt phn chia pha ca h nh tng du nc C ch: thy phn v este
o TG b thy phn to glyxerin v axit bo o Axit bo phn ng vi ancol to thnh este mi

Hiu sut: khng ph thuc vo FFA v nc

Li th so vi xc tc ha hc
Gi thnh cao kh thng mi ha sn xut

129

2.4. Qu trnh iu ch biodiesel


S quy trnh iu ch biodiesel xc tc baz ng th
Du m Xc tc MeOH

Hot ha xc tc Trung ha xc tc

Nc Lng tch Ra nc Chng ct chn khng

Ancol phn Pha glyxerin v ancol

Pha este

Biodiesel

Mui photphat Chng ct chn khng

H3PO4

Trung ha xc tc MeOH, nc

Lng tch

Chng ct chn khng

Mui photphat

Glyxerin

130

Ngun: Lotero E, Goodwin J, A.Bruce Jr, Suwannakarn K, Yijun Liu, Lopez D. The Catalysis of Biodiesel Synthesis, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Catalysis, 19, 50-58, (2006)

c im xc tc baz ng th:

- iu kin m du
- Thi gian phn ng ngn Hiu sut cao - Hm lng xc tc thp - To x phng - Khng thch hp vi FFA cao 90%

131

S quy trnh iu ch biodiesel xc tc axit H2SO4


Du m H2SO4 MeOH

Biodiesel MeOH, nc

Hot ha xc tc

Chng ct chn khng

Glycerin, nc

Alcol phn v este ha

MeOH

Ra nc

Chng ct chn khng

Trung ha xc tc
H2SO4 + CaO = CaSO4 + H2O

CaSO Lng tch


4

CaO

132

Ngun: Lotero E, Goodwin J, A.Bruce Jr, Suwannakarn K, Yijun Liu, Lopez D. The Catalysis of Biodiesel Synthesis, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Catalysis, 19, 50-58, (2006)

c im phn ng xc tc axit ng th
o Este ha v ancol phn ng thi o Phn ng nhit cao, thi gian di, hm lng xc tc cao o Thch hp vi nguyn liu r tin c FFA v H2O cao - T l alcol/du m ln - Nhit phn ng cao Hiu sut cao 90%

- Thi gian phn ng di


- iu kin khan nc - Thch hp vi FFA cao
133

S quy trnh iu ch biodiesel xc tc enzym


Du m Lipase
MeOH

Hot ha xc tc

Este ha

Lng tch

Lp trn

Biodiesel

Thu hi glycerin

134

Ngun: Lotero E, Goodwin J, A.Bruce Jr, Suwannakarn K, Yijun Liu, Lopez D. The Catalysis of Biodiesel Synthesis, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Catalysis, 19, 50-58, (2006)

Lp di
Glyxerin

So snh cc loi xc tc
c im Nhit phn ng FFA Nc trong nguyn liu Hiu sut Thu hi glycerin Tinh ch sn phm Xc tc Chi ph Qu trnh Xc tc baz ng th 40 70 oC To x phng nh hng n phn ng Trung bnh Kh Ra nhiu ln v x phng Kh ti s dng R Ch yu gin on Xc tc axit ng th 60 100 oC Khng nh hng Khng nh hng Cao Kh Ra d dng hn Kh ti s dng R Ch yu gin on Xc tc enzyme 30 40 oC Khng nh hng Khng nh hng Cao D Khng ra D ti s dng t Lin tc

135

2.5. Yu t nh hng n phn ng iu ch biodiesel


n cng ngh sn xut: 100 kg biodiesel t du thc vt, MeOH, xc tc KOH

100 kg du + 21,7 kg MeOH

100 kg biodiesel + 10,4 kg glyxerin + 11,3 kg MeOH

1,5 kg KOH

136

2.5. Yu t nh hng n hiu sut biodiesel


Cc yu t nh hng n hiu sut iu ch biodiesel
Nguyn liu
Mc khuy trn

FFA v nc

T l mol du/MeOH

Nhit phn ng

Dung mi kt hp

Xc tc

Thi gian phn ng

137

Nguyn liu:

Phn ng metanol phn ca du c v du da s dng xc tc SO42/ZrO2

138

Ngun: Jaturong Jitputti, Transesterification of crude palm kernel oil and crude coconut oil by different solid catalysts, Chemical Engineering Journal, 116, 6166, (2006)

T l mol du m/ancol: Dng d ancol Ty thuc vo


o Loi nguyn liu

o Xc tc KOH: 1/6
o Xc tc H2SO4: 1/30

Ngun: B.L. Salvi, N.L. Panwar, Biodiesel resources and production technologies A review, Renewable and 139Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16, 3680 3689, (2012)

Thi gian phn ng:


Xc tc baz: 60 pht Xc tc axit: > 30 gi Thi gian tng, hiu sut tng

Phn ng metanol phn du bng vi


Ngun: Ayhan Demirbas, Progress and recent trends in biodiesel fuels, Energy Conversion and Management, 50, 1434 (2009)

140

Nhit phn ng:


H d th Xc tc baz: 50 60 oC Xc tc axit: > 70 oC

nh hng ca nhit phn ng meatanol phn du hoa hng dng xc tc KOH

141

Ngun: Gemma Vicente, Kinetics of Sunflower Oil Methanolysis, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.,44,5447-5454 (2005)

nh hng ca xc tc v hm lng xc tc Hat tnh ca NaOH > Ba(OH)2 > Ca(CH3O)2

1. NaOH
2. Ba(OH)2 3. Ca(CH3O)2

4. CaO

142

Ngun: Gryglewicz S, Rapeseed oil methyl esters preparation using heterogeneous catalysts, Bioresource Technology, 70, 249-253, (1999).

nh hng hm lng xc tc CaO

143

Ngun: Ayhan Demirbas, Progress and recent trends in biodiesel fuels, Energy Conversion and Management, 50, 1434 (2009)

nh hng ca xc tc KOH v KOH/Al2O3 (s dng c 3 ln) ca phn ng metanol phn du thi

144

Ngun: Madhu Agarwal, Study of catalytic behavior of KOH as homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 43, 8994, (2012)

nh hng ca mc khuy trn


H d th Tng tip xc, tng hiu sut S dng cc phng php h tr hin i: vi sng, siu m

Ngun: Ma F, Clements L, Hanna M, The effect of mixing on transesteification of beef tallow, Bioresource Technology, 69, 289-293, (1999)

145

nh hng ca dung mi kt hp (co-solvent)


Dung mi kt hp: d th ng th tng vn tc phn ng

nh hng ca dung mi kt hp tetrahydrofuran THF (CH2)4O


146
Ngun: Zhenqiang Yang, Soybean oil transesterification over zinc oxide modified with alkali earth metals, Fuel Processing Technology, 88, 631638 (2007)

Cc thng s k thut quan trng ca biodiesel:


Phn ng hon ton v thu hi ht glyxerin:
o Hm lng glycerin t do:
Thu hi Tri theo nc ra Lm tng hm lng cn carbon do chy khng han tan

o Glycerin tng:
GTNG = GTD + GLK GLK = Mono- + Di- + Tri-glyxerit

nh gi mc chuyn ha ca phn ng
D bo hm lng cn carbon

o Tnh cht nhit thp:


vn c: CP
im ng c: PP 147 nht

Khng cn ancol
o im chp chy cc kn (ASTMD 6751, EN 14214) o Hm lng metanol hoc etanol (EN 14214)

Khng cn xc tc
o Hm lng tro sulfat: ASTM D6751, EN 14214 o Hm lng kim loi (Na, K, Ca, Mg): EN 14214

Khng cn axit bo t do
o Ch s axit AV: s mg KOH cn thit trung ha ht 1g biodiesel o nh gi kh nng n mn ng c

nht:
o Biu th lc ma st i vi dng chy ca biodiesel o nht cao: gim hiu qu t chy, tng lng kh thi v cn
148

2.6. Cng ngh sn xut biodiesel

Dng m
Alcol Ester
Bnh phn ng

Nc

Nc

Sy Tch alcol Ra

Biodiesel

Tch

Alcol Tch alcol

Nc ra

Nc

Ra

Glycerin th

Cng sut nh Hiu sut khng cao Tin li khi vn hnh

a dng cng ngh, ngun nguyn liu


149

Dng lin tc
Alcol

Du bo Alcol Xc tc un nh

Phn ng ln 1

Bay hi Alcol
Phn ng

Alcol

Ester

Triglyceride Tch Ester

ln 2

Glycerin


150

Hiu sut cao, chi ph thp An ton cao, ri ro thp Kh thay i cng ngh hay ngun nguyn liu u t thit b ln

3. nh gi cht lng biodiesel


151

3.1. H thng tiu chun ca biodiesel H tiu chun


Do hip hi cc cng ty s dng nhin liu xy dng Ty thuc vo i tng s dng v nguyn liu Cc h tiu chun biodiesel quan trng:
Biodiesel Thng s Diesel pha biodiesel Diesel

Chu u
Tn tiu chun EN 14214:2003 FAME

c
DIN V 51606 FAME

M
ASTM D 6751 FAMAE

Chu u
EN 590:1999 Diesel

M
ASTM D 975 Diesel

Phm vi p dng

152

Mc tiu ca tiu chun


Chun ha cht lng biodiesel Bo v ngi tiu dng Quy nh r i tng p dng Ch nh r mt hay nhiu phng php kim tra

Ni dung tiu chun


Hai loi ch tiu k thut:
o Tnh cht nhin liu o Ngun gc nguyn liu

Gii hn cho php ca ch tiu k thut Phng php th


153

Hi ng chu u 5/2003:
Hi ng chu u CEN = EEC + EFTA Hip hi ng kinh t chu u : EEC Cc quc gia ca t chc t do thng mi chu u: EFTA Mc tiu ca h thng tiu chun Cht lng sn phm, quy trnh v dch v Tnh kinh t, hiu qu cng nghip Thng mi quc t bng cch loi b cc ro cn

154

EN/TC19/WG24: c im ca biodiesel t: EN 590, EN 14214 CEN/TC19/WG25: c im ca ME nhin liu t: EN 14213

CEN/TC19/WG26: Kim tra phng php th: EN 14213, EN 14214


CEN/TC307/WG1: Cc phng php xc nh thnh phn FAME Tiu chun cht lng chu u: Biodiesel B100 cho ng c: EN 14214, 24 ch tiu Biodiesel t nng: EN 14213, 19 ch tiu Nhin liu B5: EN 590

c: p dng nguyn liu du ci


DIN V 51606: 1994 DIN 51606: 1997 DIN EN 14214: 2003
155

Cng ha Sec: CSN 656507 (RME) CSN 656509 (5% RME) CSN 656508 (30% RME) M: ASTM D 6751-02, 17 ch tiu Khng y cht ch nh ca CEN C tnh cp nht Khng c tiu chun cho biodiesel pha trn Brazin: ANP 255
156

Vit Nam: TCVN 7717:2007


Ban hnh 30/09/2009

Phm vi B100
Khng quy nh xut x nguyn liu, mc ch s dng 18 ch tiu k thut Khng c hm lng ancol Ch tiu, gii hn, phng php th nghim tham kho tiu chun ca ASTM D6751 v EN 14214

157

Phng php phn tch biodiesel


Tiu chun quy nh php th Ch tiu nhin liu: tng t diesel

Ngun gc nguyn liu


o Thnh phn axit bo: ty thuc tiu chun o AV, it, x phng ha

Mc chuyn ha thnh biodiesel


o o o o
158

FAME: ty thuc tiu chun Glyxerin tng = MG + DG + TG + glyxerin Glyxerin t do: G Metyl este ca axit linoleic (C18:3): ty thuc tiu chun

Ch s cetan:
o Cetan number o ASTM D 613 o Kim tra trn ng c

Tr s cetan:
o Cetan index o Tnh ton gin tip thng qua cc ch tiu khc o ASTM D4737:

CI = 454.74-1641.416 D + 774.74 D2 - 0.554 T50 + 97.803[log10(T50)]2


D: t trng 15oC T50 : nhit ng vi im 50 % trn ng cong chng ct
159

o ASTM D 976 :

CI = 45.2 + 0.0892(T10N) + 0.131(T50N) + 0.0523(T90N)

+ 0.901B(T50N) - 0.420B(T90N) + 4.9x10-4(T10N)2


-4.9x10-4(T90N)2+ 107B + 60 B2
T10, T50, T90: Nhit (oC) ng vi 10%, 50%, 90% th tch chng ct T10N = T10 215 T50N = T50 260 T90N = T90 310 B = [exp(-3.5DN)] - 1

DN: t trng 15 oC 0.85


160

V d: T trng 15 oC: 0.8537 g/mL T10 = 413F (212.0C) T50 = 502F (261.4C) T90 = 592F (311.4C)

ASTM D976: CI = 454.74 - 641.416(0.8537) + 774.74(0.8537)2 - 0.554 (261.4) + 97.803[log10(261.4)]2 = 44.8


161

ASTM D4737:
DN = 0.8537 - 0.85 = 0.0037 B = exp(-3.5 x 0.0037) - 1 = -0.0129 CI = 45.2 + 0.0892(-3.0) + 0.131(1.4) + 0.0523(1.4) + 0.901(-0.0129)(1.4) -0.42(-0.0129)(1.4) + 4.9x10-4(-3)2- 4.9x10-4(1.4)2 + 107(-0.0129) + 60(-0.0129)2 = 43.8

ASTM D 613: Ln 1: 47.8 Ln 2: 45.7 TB: 46.75


162

Mc chuyn ha este

Cht lng biodiesel

Tn tr & vn chuyn

163

BQ-9000 program
Nhn Good Housekeeping TM cho nh sn xut v phn phi biodiesel H thng kim sot cht lng: sn xut , kim tra, pha trn, lu kho, xut hng v phn phi biodiesel Cht lng sn phm t ASTM Cng ty t chun quc gia BQ-9000
164

http://www.bq-9000.org

165

Cht lng biodiesel

Phng php kim tra

ASTM D 6751

EN 14214

DIN V 51606

TCVN
TCVN 7717:2007

166

3.2. So snh phng php phn tch biodiesel & diesel


Biodiesel (ASTM 6751) Stt Tn ch tiu Phng php kim tra Gii hn Phng php kim tra Gii hn Diesel (ASTM D 975) 2-D

A. Nhm ch tiu c trng cho tnh cht nhin liu


1 2 3 Cn sunfat (% khi lng) Hm lng sulfur (% khi lng) Cn cacbon (% khi lng) D 874 D 5453 D 4530 0.020 max 0,0015 max 0.050 max D 482 D 129 D 524 0.01 0.50 max 0.35 max

Nhit chng ct, 90% thu hi

D 1160

360 max

D 86

282-338

B. Nhm ch tiu c trng cho tnh cht nguyn liu 1 2 3 Ch s axit (mmgKOH/g) Glycerin t do (% khi lng) Tng glycerin (% khi lng) D 664 D 6584 D 6584 0.5 0.02 0.24

167

Phosphorus (% khi lng)

D 4951

0.001 max

Tiu chun biodiesel Vit Nam TCVN 7717:2007


Thng s
Lu hunh T trng 15 oC Nhit chng ct 90% thu hi Tro sulfate nht 40 oC im chp chy Cn carbon 10% cn chng ct Nc v cn Hm lng este Phospho Tr s acid

Gii hn
500 mg/kg 860 900 kg/m3 360 oC 0.020% khi lng 1.9 6.0 m2/s 130.0 oC 0.05 % khi lng 0.050% th tch 96.5% khi lng 10 mg/kg 0.5 mg KOH/g

Phng thp th
ASTM D 5453/TCVN 6701 (ASTM D2622) TCVN 6594 (ASTM D 1298) ASTM D 1160 TCVN 2689 (ASTM D 874) TCVN 3171 (ASTM D 445) TCVN 2693 (ASTM D 93) ASTM D 4530 TCVN 7757 (ASTM 2709) TCVN 7868 (EN 14103) TCVN 7866 (ASTM D 4951) TCVN 7630 (ASTM D 664)

Glycerin t do
Tng glycerin n nh oxy ha 110 oC Kim loi n mn ng (3 gi 50 oC) Tr s cetane

0,020 % khi lng


0,240 % khi lng 6 gi 5mg/kg (Na, K) A (biodiesel 10 mg/kg S) 47

TCVN 7867 (ASTM D 6584)


TCVN 7867 (ASTM D 6584) TCVN 7895 (EN 14112) EN 14108, EN 14109 TCVN 2694 (ASTM D 130) TCVN 7760 (ASTM D 613)

168 Tr s iod

120 g I2/100g

TCVN 6122 (EN 14111)

4. Kt lun
169

Gii php hu hiu thay th cho diesel Cha thay th han tan c diesel

Ti to c, thn thin vi mi trng


C kh nng t phn hy Cng ngh sn xut: gin an vi xc tc baz ng th Xc tc axit: hiu sut cao s dng cho du m c hm lng nc v FFA cao

Gi thnh cao ch yu do gi nguyn liu


Tiu chun cht lng biodiesel km theo cc phng php kim tra bt buc nhm bo v ng c v ngi tiu dng khi cc sn phm km cht lng
170

Chin lc quc gia: Cng ngh: xc tc, ngun nguyn liu Chnh sch:
o o o Thu u i, khuyn khch cng nghip, thng mi u t ngun nguyn liu Kt hp ngun nguyn liu ca ngnh cng nghip khc

u t nghin cu:
o o o o Thit b h lin tc Nguyn liu khng n c, khng tn din tch Xc tc r, sn c, ti sinh v ti s dng c Cng ngh hin i ti u ha qu trnh

171

Vi chnh sch h tr gi ca chnh ph, gi biodiesel c thp hn gi diesel

172

Ngun: W. Koerbitz, New Trends in the Development of Biodiesel World-wide, Austrian Biofuels Institute (2005)

S dng mi trng siu ti hn


Hiu sut cao Thit b u t Gi thnh
Phng php iu ch Thng s Xc tc H2SO4 65 Xc tc NaOH 65 Metanol siu ti hn 350

Nhit (o C)

p sut (MPa)
T l mol metanol/du Hm lng xc tc (%)

Thng
30:1 3

Thng
6:1 1,5

43
42:1 Khng

Thi gian phn ng (gi)


173

48

Khng

La chn cng ngh thch hp cho cc ngun nguyn liu

Du khng n c Xc tc ? Cng ngh no?

Du thi Thu gom, tn tr? Cng ngh? Xc tc?

M ng vt Xc tc? Cng ngh

174

TS. L Th Thanh Hng Thnh ph H Ch Minh, 10.2012


175

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