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M t chuyn
nh hng ca hiu ng nh knh Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin ca biodiesel u v nhc im ca biodiesel Cng ngh sn xut biodiesel
Ni dung chuyn
I. Gii thiu chung v biodiesel
Chng 1
Tit dy 8
10
29/10 12/11
3 1 22
Phng php nh gi
Stt
Ni dung
Tit dy
1 2 3
+1
+2
Tiu lun 1. Mc ch
K nng
Tm kim ti liu c ti liu ting Anh Trnh by vn KHTH K nng trnh by vn bn
2. Yu cu
SV phi
c ti liu ting Anh Trnh by mt vn trong sn xut nghin cu, nh gi biodiesel Format chun theo quy nh
Kin thc
S liu thng k v d bo Phng php nghin cu LCA
3. Tn ti
BQ-9000 Program Phn tch vng i sn phm (Life Cycle Assessment) Tng hp biodiesel s dng xc tc CaO- Review Xu hng mi trong nghin cu v sn xut biodiesel Ha hc xanh Ngn chn nhim v Duy tr pht trin bn vng
i hc Idaho: http://www.cals.uidaho.edu/bioenergy
Hi ng biodiesel quc gia (USA): http:// www.biodiesel.org Hi ng biodiesel chu u: http://www.ebb-eu.org/
UFOP: http://www.ufop.de/english
http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel.html http://www.biodieselmagazine.com/
Sch, bo:
1. Dmytryshyn S, Dalai A, Synthesis and characterization of vegetable oil derived esters: evaluation for their diesel additive properties, Bioresource Technology, 92, 55-64, (2004). 2. Knothe G, Analyzing Biodiesel: Standards and Other Methods, Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society (JAOCS), 83 (10), 823-833, (2006). 3. Mittelbach M, Diesel fuel derived from vegetable oils, VI: Specifications and Quality Control of biodiesel, Biosource Technology, 56, 3, (1996). 4. Knothe G, Analytical methods ued in the production and fuel quality assement of biodiesel, Trans ASAE, 44, (2), 143-200, (2001). 5. Schuchardt U, Transesterification of Vegetable Oils: a Review, Journal of Brazilian of Chemical Society, 9(1), 199-210, (1998).
10
6. Lotero E, Goodwin J, Lopez D. The Catalysis of Biodiesel Synthesis, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Catalysis, 19, 50-58, (2006).
7. Gerpen J, Shanks R.Prusko R, Clements D. Biodiesel Production Technology. National Renewable Energy Laboratory NREL/SR-51036244, (2004).
8. Lotero E, Liu Y, Lopez D, Synthesis of Biodiesel via Acid Catalysis, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, 44, 5353-5363, (2005). 9. Leung D, Guo Y, Transesteification of neat and used frying oil: Optimization for biodiesel production, Fuel Processing Technology, 87, 883890, (2006). 10.Muniyappa P, Noureddini H, Improved conversion of plant oils and animal fats into biodiesel and co-product, Bioresource Technology, 56, 19-24, (1996).
11
11.Zullaikah S, A two-step acid-catalyzed process for the production of biodiesel from rice bran oil, Bioresource Technology, 96, 18891896, (2005). 12.Canakci, Gerpen, Biodiesel Production via acid catalysis, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 42(5), 1203-1210, (1999). 13.Ma F, Hanna M, Biodiesel production: a review, Bioresource Technology, 70, 1-15, (1999). 14.Vicente G, Martnez M, Aracil J, Integrated biodiesel production: a comparison of different homogeneous catalysts systems, Bioresource Technology, 92, 297305, (2004). 15.Canakci M, Gerpen J, Biodiesel Production from Oils and Facts with High Free Fatty Axits, Transactions of ASAE, ISSN 0001-2351, 44(6), 1430, (2001).
12
14
C 3 loi: No. 1-D, No. 2-D, No. 4-D Diesel No. 1-D
o Phn on chng ct nh 170 270 oC o ng c c bin thin rng v vn tc, ti trng o Kerozen, nhin liu phn lc
o Chy:
Qu trnh t chy xy ra Qu trnh dn n sinh cng lm chy ng c
o X: kh thi
16
17
18
19
Xu th s dng ng c diesel
20
Diesel c t s nn cao hn xng (14/1 17/1) Cng sut s dng ca diesel ln hn xng Nhin liu diesel r hn v khng qua ch bin phc tp Kh thi t c hn v khng cn c ph gia
nh ngha biodiesel
Cha c nh ngha chnh xc Theo ASTM D6751:
o o o o o L monoalkyl ester (FAME) K hiu B100 i t acid bo mch thng di ca du m ng thc vt S dng trc tip vi ng c diesel m khng cn hiu chnh Phi trn vi diesel k hiu BXX: XX: Vbiodiesel (%) trong du pha trn B5, B20, B25
21
Petroleum diesel
New Holland
Caterpillar Chrysler Cummins Detroit Diesel Ford
B100
B5, B20, B30 B5, B20 (Dodge Ram) B20 (ISX, ISM, ISL, ISC, ISB) B5 B5, tng lai B20
General Motors
Isuzu John Deere Mack Mercedes Volvo Truck VW 23
Website:
24
The National Biodiesel Board (NBB): http://www.nbb.org/ The Biodiesel Industry website: http://www.biodiesel.org/
Nh my sn xut biodiesel MN
Source: http://www.mnsoy.com/biodiesel_pricing.htm
25
Ngun: http://www.ecomotion.de/en/eco/thecompany/locations/sternberg/
26
28
29
o M ng vt:
M b, cu, m heo, m g M c,.
o Du khng n c:
Du Jatropha, du vi to, du c, Du Pangomia,
o Du qua s dng
30
6,08
10,58 28-30 24-32 23,24
3,26
4,76
16,93
22,52 40-50 37-43 44,32
73,73
52,34 7-13 2-3 6,97
8,19 0,67
9,34
15,34 41-50 47-63 38,63
M heo
M b M vng M nu 31
3,79
1,66
22,83
3,13
12,54
42,36
12,09
0,82
37,03
o im chp chy rt cao (> 200oC) o im c (CP), im chy (PP) cao hn o Ch s cetan (CN) thp hn: 32 40 o Nhit tr: 39 40 MJ/kg < diesel (45 MJ/kg)
32
33
Ch s cetan thp
o o o o T bc chy thp To nhiu cn, mui than Tnh nhn thp Khi ng phi gia nhit
36
Diesel No.2
S dng dung mi alcohol pha long vi du thc vt Hn hp ng nht v bn vng? T l trn vi diesel ti a l 8% (i vi du da) Vn to cn ni u phun
38
39
40
41
42
43
Ti to: renewable Gim nhim: low emission profile Thn thin vi mi trng: environmentally beneficial T phn hy: biodegradable
45
46
47
u nhc im ca biodiesel
u im
o Gim nhim mi trng o Khng gy ting n o C th ti to o T phn hy o Tng tui th ca ng c
o Gim l thuc vo du m
o Pht trin nng nghip
48
49
50
Kh nh knh:
Hi nc, CO2, CH4, N2O, O3, CFCs, HFCs, PFCs Kh nng hp th cc bc x sng di (hng ngoi)
Bc x mt tri:
Di nh sng vi cc bc sng khc nhau Tia t ngoi: b O3 hp thu mnh Tia hng ngoi: kh nh knh hp thu v lu gi nh sng nhn thy:
o B hp thu bi nc, cy, t sinh ra bc x hng ngoi IR
o Mt phn bc x ny b gi bi cc kh nh knh o CO2 va , gi nhit cho tri t 30 oC o Lng kh nh knh tng nhiu IR b gi li tng nhit ton cu
51
(Ngun: Dr. Peter J. Bryant - University of California, Irvine, Courses in Global Sustainability, 1999)
52
53
D bo
280 ppm 700 ppb 270 ppb 0
Hin nay
387 ppm 1,745 ppb 314 ppb 533 ppt
54
55
Ngun: T.S. Ledley, EOS, Climate Change and Greenhouse Gases, p.453, 1999
56
Ngun: hftp://ftp.eia.doe.gov/pub/oiaf/1605/cdrom/pdf/ggrpt/057304.pdf
Bc cc tan bng
57
58
Ma axit chu u
59
Kho st pH nc ma ca M
60
61
62
Biodiesel t du ci
Biodiesel t du ht hoa hng dng
88
90
63
Nhc
o o o o o o Tnh cht nhit thp NOX hi cao hn diesel T l s dng 92% diesel C th b oxy ha Cng ngh k thut cao Gi thnh cao hn diesel
Tn nhin liu Gi bn (USD/gallon)
Diesel
Biodiesel (B 20) Biodiesel (B 2-B5) Biodiesel (B 100) 64
2.63
2.53 2.60 3.31
66
67
68
69
70
Ln nht l EU: 75% (c, Php, v Ba Lan) c: 1/2 sn lng biodiesel trn th gii (2005), M, Malaysia, Thi Lan, Trung Quc,: pht trin vng nguyn liu v sn xut biodiesel
71
http://www.thebioenergysite.com/articles/716/eu-biodiesel-industry-showing-restrained-growth (2010) 72
2. Phn ng iu ch biodiesel
73
Cc vn ca nguyn liu
Gi cao nh hng an ninh lng thc Hm lng du trong nguyn liu Tm ngun nguyn liu mi
o o o
74
Tim nng, sn c, r tin, khng n c Khng nh hng n t trng Du thi, vi to, jatropha
C
To (70% du)
5,950
136,900
Jatropha
To (30% du)
1,892
58,700
75
Ngun: W. Koerbitz, New Trends in the Development of Biodiesel World-wide, Austrian Biofuels Institute (2005)
76
Ngun: W. Koerbitz, New Trends in the Development of Biodiesel World-wide, Austrian Biofuels Institute (2005)
77
Ngun: W. Koerbitz, New Trends in the Development of Biodiesel World-wide, Austrian Biofuels Institute (2005)
78
79
80
Cy Jatropha:
81
Cy diesel, cy cc ro Trng trn t cn, lng ma t Gi t, chng xi mn Chu k ngn, hm lng du cao Khng n c, ht c c t Thnh phn chnh C18:1, C18:2
82
83
84
Vn ca cy jatropha
o o o o Ging, iu kin trng Nng sut, hm lng du K thut trch ly du c t ca ph phm
85
Vi to
Aquatic Species Program ASP NREL tin hnh 19781996 36 000 loi, hm lng du cao Khng n c Khng tn in tch nui trng D mc, chu k pht trin rt ngn Gim kh CO2 Hiu sut biodiesel > 200 ln
www.nrel.gov/docs/legosti/fy98/24190.pdf
86
Nui to:
o Dinh dng: nh sng, kh CO2, nc, mui nitrat, photphat, st o Ngun nc: bin, ao, h hoc nc l o Nhit n nh: 20 30oC.
88
Trch du t to:
o C hc: To kh, p c hc T l du 70% Phng php n gin, r tin o Trch ly bng dung mi Dung mi hecxan, c T l trch cao 95 % Chi ph ln o Trch ly trong mi trng CO2 siu ti hn CO2 iu kin siu ti hn (super critical), dng lng Nhanh, hiu qu 100 % Chi ph ln
89
Du to Nc/dinh dng nh sng CO2 sinh khi to Nng lng cho qu trnh sinh khi CO2 Li in Nng lng Qu trnh k kh Sn xut Thu hi sinh khi Tch chit sinh khi
Sn xut biodiesel
Phn bn
90
93
94
95
o o o o
96
97
T trng (kg/L)
chp chy (K) im chy (K) CN Hm lng tro (%) Hm lng sunfat Cn cacbon (%) Hm lng nc (%) Nhit tr (MJ/kg) Ch s axit (mgKOH/g)
0,924
485 284 49 0,006 0,09 0,46 0,42 41,40 1,32
0,897
469 262 54 0,004 0,06 0,33 0,04 42,65 0,1
0,075-0,840
340-358 254-260 40-46 0,008-0,01 0,35-0,55 0,35-0,4 0,02-0,05 45,62-46,48
98
T chc h thng thu gom du qua s dng lm nguyn liu sn xut biodiesel M
99
2011:
o 1,1 t galon
o 39 027 vic lm
101
Ngun: S. Kent Hoekman, Review of biodiesel composition, properties, and specifications, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16, 143 169 (2012)
102
103
o Mc no cao:
CN cao hn (c, m > ci, u nnh) nht cao Tnh cht nhit thp km: CP, PP, CFPP cao D b kt tinh, khng bn trong mi trng lnh
Du c, m ng vt: % no cao, tnh cht nhit thp km
105
o o o
Tc cht: ru, TG Tnh cht: thun nghch, ta nhit Xc tc: tng vn tc phn ng
106
Ancol ROH:
o o o o Bc nht, thng: metanol, etanol, propanol, butanol, amylol Thng s dng metanol (metanol phn) Ancol nhnh: ci thin tnh cht nhit thp Tng hiu sut phn ng: dng d ancol
107
108
MeOH thu hi
Chuyn ha este
Thu hi MeOH
Pha FAME
Ra FAME
MeOH tch ra
Sy FAME
MeOH
Chng ct glyxerin
GLYXERIN
BIODIESEL
109
110
111
Biodiesel from Waste Vegetable Oil and Titrations Topics: Utilizing waste cooking oil, titration (acid/base), neutralizing solutions
Making Liquid Soap - From Biodiesel Glycerin Topics: Utilizing waste glycerin and controlling physical properties Biofuel Life Cycle Analysis Topics: Diagram life cycles of ethanol and biodiesel then estimate/test/correct various process inputs Combustion of Renewable and Fossil Fuel Topics: Emissions, completeness of combustion, and how matter is affected Properties of Liquids Topics: Differentiate and identify density and viscosity Biodiesel Viscosity Topics: How to identify and manipulate viscosity and its importance
112
http://www.luc.edu/biodiesel/education/labs
113
Ngun: E. Santacesaria, Main technologies in biodiesel production: State of the art and future challenges, Catalysis Today, (2012)
C ch phn ng xc tc baz ng th
115
Xc tc axit ng th
Axit Brnsted:
o HCl, H2SO4, H3PO4, o p-toluen sulfonic (PTSA)
Axit Lewis:
o Nhn eo BF3, acetat ca Ba, Ca, Mg, Zn, TiCl2, TiCl4,..
116
C ch phn ng xc tc axit ng th
117
118
119
Hiu sut gim t 97% 6 % khi hm lng FFA trong du t 0,3 % 5,3 %
120
(2): Xc tc baz : o Tnh ton thm xc tc NaOH/KOH v MeOH o Phn ng trao i este: chuyn TG thnh FAME
123
3. Glyxerin bt u tch ra
4. Ra biodiesel ln 1
5. Sau khi ra ln 1
6. Sau khi ra ln 3
124
Ngun: Zullaikah S, Lai C, Vali S, Ju Y, A two-step acid-catalyzed process for the production of 125 biodiesel from rice bran oil, Bioresource Technology, 96, 18891896, (2005).
% xc tc H2SO4 0,5
0,5 0,65 1,43 2,0 Fe2SO4
126
X l kim:
o Ra du m vi dung dch NaOH/ KOH o Ly tm tch lp du m trn, lp nc x phng nmdi
Ty trng :
o Dng cao lanh ty trng du m, ly i mu, keo, khong v c o Lc b cht cn
127
b. X l kim
Lc
Lm lnh
a. Kh gum
Du m tinh ch
c. Ty trng d. Kh sp
128
Ngun: Lotero E, Goodwin J, A.Bruce Jr, Suwannakarn K, Yijun Liu, Lopez D. The Catalysis of Biodiesel Synthesis, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Catalysis, 19, 50-58, (2006)
Lc
Hp cht Phospho
Xc tc enzym
Enzym hot ng ti b mt phn chia pha ca h nh tng du nc C ch: thy phn v este
o TG b thy phn to glyxerin v axit bo o Axit bo phn ng vi ancol to thnh este mi
Li th so vi xc tc ha hc
Gi thnh cao kh thng mi ha sn xut
129
Hot ha xc tc Trung ha xc tc
Pha este
Biodiesel
H3PO4
Trung ha xc tc MeOH, nc
Lng tch
Mui photphat
Glyxerin
130
Ngun: Lotero E, Goodwin J, A.Bruce Jr, Suwannakarn K, Yijun Liu, Lopez D. The Catalysis of Biodiesel Synthesis, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Catalysis, 19, 50-58, (2006)
c im xc tc baz ng th:
- iu kin m du
- Thi gian phn ng ngn Hiu sut cao - Hm lng xc tc thp - To x phng - Khng thch hp vi FFA cao 90%
131
Biodiesel MeOH, nc
Hot ha xc tc
Glycerin, nc
MeOH
Ra nc
Trung ha xc tc
H2SO4 + CaO = CaSO4 + H2O
CaO
132
Ngun: Lotero E, Goodwin J, A.Bruce Jr, Suwannakarn K, Yijun Liu, Lopez D. The Catalysis of Biodiesel Synthesis, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Catalysis, 19, 50-58, (2006)
c im phn ng xc tc axit ng th
o Este ha v ancol phn ng thi o Phn ng nhit cao, thi gian di, hm lng xc tc cao o Thch hp vi nguyn liu r tin c FFA v H2O cao - T l alcol/du m ln - Nhit phn ng cao Hiu sut cao 90%
Hot ha xc tc
Este ha
Lng tch
Lp trn
Biodiesel
Thu hi glycerin
134
Ngun: Lotero E, Goodwin J, A.Bruce Jr, Suwannakarn K, Yijun Liu, Lopez D. The Catalysis of Biodiesel Synthesis, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Catalysis, 19, 50-58, (2006)
Lp di
Glyxerin
So snh cc loi xc tc
c im Nhit phn ng FFA Nc trong nguyn liu Hiu sut Thu hi glycerin Tinh ch sn phm Xc tc Chi ph Qu trnh Xc tc baz ng th 40 70 oC To x phng nh hng n phn ng Trung bnh Kh Ra nhiu ln v x phng Kh ti s dng R Ch yu gin on Xc tc axit ng th 60 100 oC Khng nh hng Khng nh hng Cao Kh Ra d dng hn Kh ti s dng R Ch yu gin on Xc tc enzyme 30 40 oC Khng nh hng Khng nh hng Cao D Khng ra D ti s dng t Lin tc
135
1,5 kg KOH
136
FFA v nc
T l mol du/MeOH
Nhit phn ng
Dung mi kt hp
Xc tc
137
Nguyn liu:
138
Ngun: Jaturong Jitputti, Transesterification of crude palm kernel oil and crude coconut oil by different solid catalysts, Chemical Engineering Journal, 116, 6166, (2006)
o Xc tc KOH: 1/6
o Xc tc H2SO4: 1/30
Ngun: B.L. Salvi, N.L. Panwar, Biodiesel resources and production technologies A review, Renewable and 139Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16, 3680 3689, (2012)
140
141
Ngun: Gemma Vicente, Kinetics of Sunflower Oil Methanolysis, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.,44,5447-5454 (2005)
1. NaOH
2. Ba(OH)2 3. Ca(CH3O)2
4. CaO
142
Ngun: Gryglewicz S, Rapeseed oil methyl esters preparation using heterogeneous catalysts, Bioresource Technology, 70, 249-253, (1999).
143
Ngun: Ayhan Demirbas, Progress and recent trends in biodiesel fuels, Energy Conversion and Management, 50, 1434 (2009)
144
Ngun: Madhu Agarwal, Study of catalytic behavior of KOH as homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 43, 8994, (2012)
Ngun: Ma F, Clements L, Hanna M, The effect of mixing on transesteification of beef tallow, Bioresource Technology, 69, 289-293, (1999)
145
o Glycerin tng:
GTNG = GTD + GLK GLK = Mono- + Di- + Tri-glyxerit
nh gi mc chuyn ha ca phn ng
D bo hm lng cn carbon
Khng cn ancol
o im chp chy cc kn (ASTMD 6751, EN 14214) o Hm lng metanol hoc etanol (EN 14214)
Khng cn xc tc
o Hm lng tro sulfat: ASTM D6751, EN 14214 o Hm lng kim loi (Na, K, Ca, Mg): EN 14214
Khng cn axit bo t do
o Ch s axit AV: s mg KOH cn thit trung ha ht 1g biodiesel o nh gi kh nng n mn ng c
nht:
o Biu th lc ma st i vi dng chy ca biodiesel o nht cao: gim hiu qu t chy, tng lng kh thi v cn
148
Dng m
Alcol Ester
Bnh phn ng
Nc
Nc
Sy Tch alcol Ra
Biodiesel
Tch
Nc ra
Nc
Ra
Glycerin th
Dng lin tc
Alcol
Du bo Alcol Xc tc un nh
Phn ng ln 1
Bay hi Alcol
Phn ng
Alcol
Ester
ln 2
Glycerin
150
Hiu sut cao, chi ph thp An ton cao, ri ro thp Kh thay i cng ngh hay ngun nguyn liu u t thit b ln
Chu u
Tn tiu chun EN 14214:2003 FAME
c
DIN V 51606 FAME
M
ASTM D 6751 FAMAE
Chu u
EN 590:1999 Diesel
M
ASTM D 975 Diesel
Phm vi p dng
152
Hi ng chu u 5/2003:
Hi ng chu u CEN = EEC + EFTA Hip hi ng kinh t chu u : EEC Cc quc gia ca t chc t do thng mi chu u: EFTA Mc tiu ca h thng tiu chun Cht lng sn phm, quy trnh v dch v Tnh kinh t, hiu qu cng nghip Thng mi quc t bng cch loi b cc ro cn
154
Cng ha Sec: CSN 656507 (RME) CSN 656509 (5% RME) CSN 656508 (30% RME) M: ASTM D 6751-02, 17 ch tiu Khng y cht ch nh ca CEN C tnh cp nht Khng c tiu chun cho biodiesel pha trn Brazin: ANP 255
156
Phm vi B100
Khng quy nh xut x nguyn liu, mc ch s dng 18 ch tiu k thut Khng c hm lng ancol Ch tiu, gii hn, phng php th nghim tham kho tiu chun ca ASTM D6751 v EN 14214
157
FAME: ty thuc tiu chun Glyxerin tng = MG + DG + TG + glyxerin Glyxerin t do: G Metyl este ca axit linoleic (C18:3): ty thuc tiu chun
Ch s cetan:
o Cetan number o ASTM D 613 o Kim tra trn ng c
Tr s cetan:
o Cetan index o Tnh ton gin tip thng qua cc ch tiu khc o ASTM D4737:
o ASTM D 976 :
V d: T trng 15 oC: 0.8537 g/mL T10 = 413F (212.0C) T50 = 502F (261.4C) T90 = 592F (311.4C)
ASTM D4737:
DN = 0.8537 - 0.85 = 0.0037 B = exp(-3.5 x 0.0037) - 1 = -0.0129 CI = 45.2 + 0.0892(-3.0) + 0.131(1.4) + 0.0523(1.4) + 0.901(-0.0129)(1.4) -0.42(-0.0129)(1.4) + 4.9x10-4(-3)2- 4.9x10-4(1.4)2 + 107(-0.0129) + 60(-0.0129)2 = 43.8
Mc chuyn ha este
Tn tr & vn chuyn
163
BQ-9000 program
Nhn Good Housekeeping TM cho nh sn xut v phn phi biodiesel H thng kim sot cht lng: sn xut , kim tra, pha trn, lu kho, xut hng v phn phi biodiesel Cht lng sn phm t ASTM Cng ty t chun quc gia BQ-9000
164
http://www.bq-9000.org
165
ASTM D 6751
EN 14214
DIN V 51606
TCVN
TCVN 7717:2007
166
D 1160
360 max
D 86
282-338
B. Nhm ch tiu c trng cho tnh cht nguyn liu 1 2 3 Ch s axit (mmgKOH/g) Glycerin t do (% khi lng) Tng glycerin (% khi lng) D 664 D 6584 D 6584 0.5 0.02 0.24
167
D 4951
0.001 max
Gii hn
500 mg/kg 860 900 kg/m3 360 oC 0.020% khi lng 1.9 6.0 m2/s 130.0 oC 0.05 % khi lng 0.050% th tch 96.5% khi lng 10 mg/kg 0.5 mg KOH/g
Phng thp th
ASTM D 5453/TCVN 6701 (ASTM D2622) TCVN 6594 (ASTM D 1298) ASTM D 1160 TCVN 2689 (ASTM D 874) TCVN 3171 (ASTM D 445) TCVN 2693 (ASTM D 93) ASTM D 4530 TCVN 7757 (ASTM 2709) TCVN 7868 (EN 14103) TCVN 7866 (ASTM D 4951) TCVN 7630 (ASTM D 664)
Glycerin t do
Tng glycerin n nh oxy ha 110 oC Kim loi n mn ng (3 gi 50 oC) Tr s cetane
168 Tr s iod
120 g I2/100g
4. Kt lun
169
Gii php hu hiu thay th cho diesel Cha thay th han tan c diesel
Chin lc quc gia: Cng ngh: xc tc, ngun nguyn liu Chnh sch:
o o o Thu u i, khuyn khch cng nghip, thng mi u t ngun nguyn liu Kt hp ngun nguyn liu ca ngnh cng nghip khc
u t nghin cu:
o o o o Thit b h lin tc Nguyn liu khng n c, khng tn din tch Xc tc r, sn c, ti sinh v ti s dng c Cng ngh hin i ti u ha qu trnh
171
172
Ngun: W. Koerbitz, New Trends in the Development of Biodiesel World-wide, Austrian Biofuels Institute (2005)
Nhit (o C)
p sut (MPa)
T l mol metanol/du Hm lng xc tc (%)
Thng
30:1 3
Thng
6:1 1,5
43
42:1 Khng
48
Khng
174