TRNG I HC KHOA HC T NHIN THNH PH H CH MINH KHOA IN T VIN THNG

-----oOo-----

BO CO THC TP
TI: TM HIU V MNG FTTH
N V THC TP: CNG TY C PHN VIN THNG FPT

SVTH: HUNH MINH TRIT MSSV: 1020238 CBHD: L THANH PHONG

TP HCM, ngy 01 thng 08 nm 2013

LI CM N hon thnh bi bo co ny, trc ht em xin chn thnh cm n qu thy c b mn Vin Thng v Mng ca Khoa in t Vin thng, Trng i hc Khoa hc t nhin Thnh ph H Ch Minh trang b vn kin thc cho em trong sut qu trnh hc tp. iu c bit l to iu kin cho em c thc tp bn ngoi c xt thc t, hon thin kin thc trong nh trng. Em cng xin chn thnh cm n Ban lnh o ca Cng ty c phn Vin thng FPT chp thun cho em thc tp ti Cng ty, to iu kin thun li cho em c tham gia hc hi v ng dng cc kin thc m em c hc vo thc t. Em rt mong nhn c s gp ca thy c em c th khc phc nhng nhc im v ngy cng hon thin mnh hn. Mt ln na em xin chn thnh cm n qu thy c Trng i hc Khoa hc t nhin Thnh ph H Ch Minh, cn b, cng nhn vin Cng ty c phn Vin thng FPT gip em trong thi gian qua. Chc cc qu thy c, cn b, cng nhn vin Cng ty lun mnh khe v thnh t.

TP HCM, ngy 01 thng 08 nm 2013 Sinh vin: Hunh Minh Trit Khoa: in t vin thng Kha 2010

Mu TS2

TP HCM, ngy 01 thng 08 nm 2013 NHN XT KT QU THC TP H v tn CBHD thc tp: L Thanh Phong C quan thc tp: Cng ty C Phn Vin Thng FPT a ch: L 29B-31B-33B ng Tn Thun, KCX Tn Thun, Q7, TP HCM in thoi: +84 (8) 73002222 ............................... Fax: (84-8) 7300 8889 ....................... Email: ................................................................... Website: www.fpt.vn .......................... H v tn sinh vin thc tp: Hunh Minh Trit Thi gian thc tp: t ngy 01/06/2013 n ngy 01/08/2013 1. Tinh thn lm k lut, thi lm vic: 4 im (Thc hin ni qui c quan, chp hnh gi gic lm vic, thi giao tip, thc bo v ca cng, thi lm vic) Nghim chnh, c k lut Lun ng gi, ngh c xin php Tt Tt Tt 3.5 im tin thn cu tin, kh nng xut sng kin trong cng vic) Tt : 3 im Tt: 3 im Chu kh i xung i trm, khch hng xem m hnh chy thc t Cng 1 im
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2. Kh nng chuyn mn, nghip v: 3 im (Kh nng p ng nhu cu cng vic,

3. Kt qu cng tc: 3 im (Mc hon thnh thnh cng vic) 4. Cc kin khc: 2 im (nu c) -

5. im ngh: (Thang im 10) 9.5 im

Xc nhn ca c quan (K tn v ng du)

Cn b hng dn (K tn v ghi h tn)

M C L C Phn I- Gii thiu .......................................................................................................... 12 I. Gii thiu chung v FPT Telecom ........................................................................... 12 II. C cu t chc ca n v ...................................................................................... 12 III. Cc lnh vc hot ng ......................................................................................... 13 IV. Nng lc mng li .............................................................................................. 13 V. Cc dch v trin khai ............................................................................................ 14 Phn II: M hnh trin khai Mng cung cp dch v FTTH ............................................ 15 I. Tm hiu chung v h thng FTTH ......................................................................... 15 1. Gii thiu v FTTH ............................................................................................. 15 2. M hnh FTTH c bn......................................................................................... 15 3. Phn bit cc loi cp quang................................................................................ 16 II. H thng FTTH ca FPT Telecom ......................................................................... 23 1. Tng quan v thit b........................................................................................... 23 2. Hng dn ci t FTTH..................................................................................... 30 3. Mt s li thng gp khi trin khai FTTH ......................................................... 40 Phn III. Mt s hnh nh thc t ................................................................................... 42 1. Hnh nh ca POP FTTH .................................................................................... 42 2. Hnh nh v cc thit b thi cng cp quang v thit b khch hng thc t .......... 48 Phn IV. Tm tt chung ................................................................................................. 51 1. Ni dung cng vic c phn cng ................................................................. 51 2. Phng php thc hin ..................................................................................... 52 3. Kt qu t c .............................................................................................. 52 4. Rt kinh nghim bn thn ................................................................................. 52

DANH MC HNH, BNG BIU Hnh 1. 1. C cu t chc n v FPT Telecom ............................................................. 12 Hnh 1. 2. Mng li ng trc ca FPT Telecom ....................................................... 14 Hnh 2. 1. M hnh mt h thng FTTH ........................................................................ 15 Hnh 2. 2. Cu to cp quang ......................................................................................... 17 Hnh 2. 3. Loose-tube (Dy cp quang dng ngoi tri) ................................................. 18 Hnh 2. 4. Tight-buffer (Dy cp quang dng trong nh) ............................................... 18 Hnh 2.5. Cc kiu truyn sng ...................................................................................... 18 Hnh 2. 6. ng knh core, cladding ca MM v SM ................................................... 19 Hnh 2. 7. Hai dng truyn n cng v song cng ........................................................ 19 Hnh 2. 8. Cc loi dy quang ........................................................................................ 20 Hnh 2. 9. Cp dng Ribbon v Zipcord ......................................................................... 20 Hnh 2. 10. Cc loi u ni quang ................................................................................ 21 Hnh 2. 11. Ferrule......................................................................................................... 22 Hnh 2. 12. Cc dng im tip xc ca Ferrule ............................................................. 22 Hnh 2. 13. S truyn ti d liu trn h thng FTTH v FTTC ca FPT .................. 23 Bng 2. 1. Bng trng thi hot ng ca Converter Zyxel MC1000-SFP ...................... 24 Bng 2. 2. Bng trng thi hot ng ca Converter Zyxel MC100FX-SC30-A............. 26 Hnh 3. 1 nh thc t mt POP dch v ADSL v FTTH............................................... 42 Hnh 3. 2 DSLAM Zyxel IES 6000 ................................................................................ 42 Hnh 3. 3 Swich Zyxel GS-3012F cung cp lease line cho khch hng .......................... 43 Hnh 3. 4 Switch Zyxel MGS-3712F cung cp lease line cho khch hng ...................... 43 Hnh 3. 5 Card ELC1220G-55 cung cp cho thu bao FTTH ......................................... 44 Hnh 3. 6 ODF dng phi quang cho thu bao FTTH ................................................ 44 Hnh 3. 7 Ngun cho DSLAM Zyxel IES 6000 .............................................................. 45 Hnh 3. 8 Acquy d phng cho DSLAM Zyxel IES 6000 .............................................. 45 Hnh 3. 9 S u RING FTTH dng Switch ca FPT................................................ 46 Hnh 3. 10 S u RING ADSL v FTTH dng DSLAM ......................................... 47 Hnh 3. 11 Tp im dnh cho thu bao FTTH .............................................................. 48
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Hnh 3. 12 My hn quang Single Fiber Fusion Splicer DVP-730 ................................. 48 Hnh 3. 13 Cp quang 2FO dng trong thi cng FTTH ................................................. 49 Hnh 3. 14 Catset dng cha mi hn quang ca si quang v dy nhy ........................ 49 Hnh 3. 15 Catset, Converter MC100FX-SC30-A v Modem TP-Link TL-WR741ND 50

Mu TS1

TP HCM, ngy 01 thng 08 nm 2013 LCH LM VIC

H v tn sinh vin: Hunh Minh Trit C quan thc tp: Cng ty C Phn Vin Thng FPT H v tn cn b hng dn: L Thanh Phong Thi gian thc tp: t ngy 01/06/2013 n ngy 01/08/2013 Thi gian Tun 1 T 01/06 n 07/06 Tun 2 n 15/06 Tun 3 T 16/06 n 23/06 Tun 4 n 30/06 Nhn xt CBHD Ch k CBHD

Ni dung cng vic

T nhn xt

- Nhn cng vic ti ni - Cng ty thn thc tp. ng, cch t chc, qun l. - Bo co s kt tun 1. - Tm hiu qui trnh k ca FPT Telecom. - Bo co s kt tun 2. mc, thit b dng cho - Ti liu c cung cp y . - Cn b hng dn nhit tnh. cung cp y . Tt dn nhit tnh. - c quan st thc t vic thi cng mng cp Tt Tt T 08/06 thut, cng ngh FTTH thin, chuyn Tt, c mt y - Cn b hng dn nhit tnh. - Tm hiu m hnh hot nghip.

- Tm hiu cng c, my - Ti liu c h thng FTTH ca FPT - Cn b hng Telecom. - Bo co s kt tun 3. - Tm hiu vic thit k, thng FTTH.

T 24/06 trin khai, vn hnh h

- Trao i, tho lun, rt quang FTTH.

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kinh nghim. - Bo co s kt tun 4. - Tm hiu vic thit k, Tun 5 T 01/07 n 07/07 trin khai, vn hnh h thng FTTH. kinh nghim. - Bo co s kt tun 5. - Hon thin cc kin Tun 6 n 15/07

- Cn b hng dn nhit tnh, c th. - c tham gia hn cp quang v cu hnh thit b Tt - Cn b hng dn nhit tnh, d hiu. - Hon thin kin

- Trao i, tho lun, rt khch hng.

thc, cng vic, k nng thc v l thuyt yu cu ti ni thc tp. v thc t v kinh nghim. - Bo co s kt tun 6. Tt T 08/07 - Trao i, tho lun, rt trin khai mng FTTH. - Cn b hng dn gii thch c th, d hiu. Tun 7 T 16/07 n 23/07 - Vit bo co thc tp. - Gp , sa cha bo co. - Bo co s kt tun 7. - Hon tt bo co thc Tun 8 T 24/07 n 01/08 tp. - Gp , sa cha bo co. - Np bo co v B xt thc tp, Lch lm
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- Ti liu y vit bo co. - Cn b hng dn gp chnh sa bo co. - Bo co c bn hon thin. - Cn b hng dn gp nhng thiu st b Tt Tt

mn bao gm: Bn nhn sung.

vic, Quyn bo co thc tp.

Cn b hng dn (K tn v ghi h tn)

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Phn I- Gii thiu I. Gii thiu chung v FPT Telecom c thnh lp ngy 31/01/1997, Cng ty c phn vin thng FPT (FPT Telecom) khi u t Trung tm dch v trc tuyn vi 4 thnh vin sng lp cng sn phm mng intranet u tin Vit Nam mang tn Tr tu Vit Nam TTVN. Sau hn 15 nm hot ng, FPT Telecom tr thnh mt trong nhng nh cung cp dch v vin thng v Internet hng u khu vc vi hn 3500 nhn vin, 45 chi nhnh trong v ngoi nc. II. C cu t chc ca n v

Hnh 1. 1. C cu t chc n v FPT Telecom Trong , Trung tm Pht trin v Qun l h tng (INF) c cc nhim v chnh nh sau: - T vn, thit k, h tr lp t, bo tr h thng h tng vin thng ca cng ty v mng LAN, WAN, dch v ADSL, FTTH theo yu cu ca khch hng v i tc. - Thc hin thm nh, lp khi ton v ln phng n u t cc d n do cng ty thc hin.
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- Thc hin cng tc u thu, cng vn gi cc i tc thc hin d n. - Qun l cc d n mng ngoi vi bao gm mng ni ht v truyn dn ng trc. III. Cc lnh vc hot ng Cc lnh vc hot ng ca FPT Telecom: - Cung cp h tng mng vin thng cho dch v Internet bng thng rng. - Cung cp cc sn phm, dch v vin thng, Internet. - Dch v gi tr gia tng trn mng Internet, in thoi di ng. - Dch v tin nhn, d liu, thng tin gii tr trn mng in thoi di ng. - Thit lp h tng mng v cung cp cc dch v vin thng, Internet. - Xut nhp khu thit b vin thng v Internet. IV. Nng lc mng li C h thng mng ng trc trn 64 tnh thnh ti Vit Nam. Cc im chuyn mch th h mi t ti: H Ni, Nng, TP.H Ch Minh v Cn Th. H thng mng th h mi NGN, h thng truyn dn hin i s dng SDH (truyn dn quang), chuyn mch IP (IP swiching), cp quang, DWDM vi dung lng 40Gbps. Mch vng cp quang chuyn mch t ng m bo thng tin lin lc thng sut. H thng truyn dn hat ng c d phng. Nn tng chuyn mch a dch v MSSP (Multi-Service Switching Platform) c kh nng truyn ti a dch v nh thoi, d liu v hnh nh

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Hnh 1. 2. Mng li ng trc ca FPT Telecom V. Cc dch v trin khai Hin nay, FPT Telecom ang cung cp cc sn phm, dch v chnh bao gm: - Internet bng rng: ADSL/VDSL, Triple Play, FTTH. - Knh thu ring, tn min, Email, lu tr Web, Trung tm d liu. - Cc dch v gi tr gia tng trn nn Internet: Truyn hnh trc tuyn (OneTv), in thoi c nh (VoIP), gim st t xa (IP Camera), chng thc ch k s (CA), in ton m my (Cloud Computing). Vi phng chm Mi dch v trn mt kt ni, FPT Telecom lun khng ngng nghin cu v trin khai tch hp ngy cng nhiu cc dch v gi tr gia tng trn cng mt ng truyn Internet nhm mang n li ch ti a cho khch hng s dng. ng thi, vi vic y mnh hp tc vi cc i tc vin thng ln trn th gii, xy dng cc tuyn cp quang quc t l nhng hng i c trin khai mnh m a cc dch v tip cn vi th trng ton cu, nng cao hn na v th ca FPT Telecom ni ring v cc nh cung cp dch v vin thng Vit Nam ni chung.

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Phn II: M hnh trin khai Mng cung cp dch v FTTH I. Tm hiu chung v h thng FTTH 1. Gii thiu v FTTH FTTH l cng ngh kt ni vin thng hin i trn th gii vi ng truyn dn hon ton bng cp quang t nh cung cp dch v ti tn a im ca khch hng. Tnh u vit ca cng ngh cho php thc hin tc truyn ti d liu internet xung/ln (download/upload) ngang bng vi nhau, iu m cng ngh ADSL cha thc hin c. FFTH l mt cng ngh kt ni vin thng s dng cp quang t nh cung cp dch v ti a im ca khch hng (vn phng, nh, ). Cng ngh ca ng truyn c thit lp trn c s d liu c truyn qua tn hiu quang (nh sng) trong si cp quang n thit b u cui ca khch hng, tn hiu c converter, bin i thnh tn hiu in, qua cp mng i vo Broadband router. Nh , khch hng c th truy cp internet bng thit b ny qua c dy hoc khng dy. FTTH c bit hiu qu vi cc dch v: Hosting Server ring, VPN (mng ring o), Truyn d liu, Game Online, IPTV (truyn hnh tng tc), VoD (xem phim theo yu cu), Video Conferrence (hi ngh truyn hnh), IP Camera vi u th bng thng truyn ti d liu cao, c th nng cp ln bng thng ln ti 1Gbps, an ton d liu, n nh cao, khng b nh hng bi nhiu in, t trng . 2. M hnh FTTH c bn

Hnh 2. 1. M hnh mt h thng FTTH

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D kin FTTH s dn thay th ADSL trong tng lai gn mt khi bng thng ADSL khng sc cung cp ng thi cc dch v trc tuyn trong cng mt thi im. FTTH cung cp 1 IP tnh thch hp vi cc doanh nghip, t chc trin khai d dng cc dch v trc tuyn nh IP Camera, lu tr mail, truyn d liu tc cao... Theo mt bo co mi nht ca Heavy Reading, s h gia nh s dng kt ni bng rng FTTH trn ton th gii s tng trng hng nm trn 30% cho n nm 2012 v t 89 triu h khi . Hin Nht Bn, Trung Quc v M l cc quc gia i u trong lnh vc bng thng rng s dng cng ngh cp quang ny. Cng ngh FTTH c khong 20 triu kt ni ton cu, ch tnh ring 3 nc Nht Bn, Trung Quc v M c thm khong 6 triu thu bao, trong chu c nh gi l th trng c tim nng pht trin ln. Theo d on, vo cui nm 2012, ring chu s c 54 triu kt ni FTTH, tip theo l chu u, khu vc Trung ng Chu Phi, vi 16 triu, ri n Bc M v Nam M vi 15 triu. Hin nay, qu trnh chuyn i sang FTTH ang c thc hin nhiu nc, gm an Mch, Php, Hng Kng, Nht Bn, Hn Quc, Thy in, i Loan v M. 3. Phn bit cc loi cp quang a) Gii thiu chung v cp quang Cp quang dng nh sng truyn dn tn hiu, do t suy hao v thng c dng cho kt ni khong cch xa. Cp quang c cu to gm dy dn trung tm l si thy tinh hoc plastic c tinh ch nhm cho php truyn i ti a cc tn hiu nh sng. Si quang c trng mt lp lt nhm phn chiu tt cc tn hiu nh sng v hn ch s gy gp ca si cp quang. Si cp quang c cu to t ba thnh phn chnh: li (core), lp phn x nh sng (cladding), lp v bo v chnh (primary coating hay cn gi coating, primary buffer). Core c lm bng si thy tinh hoc plastic dng truyn dn nh sng. Bao bc core l cladding lp thy tinh hay plastic nhm bo v v phn x nh sng tr li

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core. Primary coating l lp v nha PVC gip bo v core v cladding khng b bi, m, try xc.

Hnh 2. 2. Cu to cp quang Hai loi cp quang ph bin l GOF (Glass Optical Fiber) cp quang lm bng thu tinh v POF (Plastic Optical Fiber) cp quang lm bng plastic. POF c ng knh core kh ln khong 1mm, s dng cho truyn dn tn hiu khong cch ngn, mng tc thp. Trn cc ti liu k thut, bn thng thy cp quang GOF ghi cc thng s 9/125m, 50/125m hay 62,5/125m, y l ng knh ca core/cladding; cn primary coating c ng knh mc nh l 250m. Bo v si cp quang l lp v ngoi gm nhiu lp khc nhau ty theo cu to, tnh cht ca mi loi cp. Nhng c ba lp bo v chnh l lp chu lc ko (strength member), lp v bo v ngoi (buffer) v lp o gip (jacket) - ty theo ti liu s c tn gi khc nhau. Strength member l lp chu nhit, chu ko cng, thng lm t cc si Kevlar. Buffer thng lm bng nha PVC, bo v trnh va p, m t. Lp bo v ngoi cng l Jacket. Mi loi cp, ty theo yu cu s dng s c thm cc lp jacket khc nhau. Jacket c kh nng chu va p, nhit v chu mi mn, bo v phn bn trong trnh m t v cc nh hng t mi trng. C hai cch thit k khc nhau bo v si cp quang l ng m khng cht (loose-tube) v ng m cht (tight buffer). Loose-tube thng dng ngoi tri (outdoor), cho php cha nhiu si quang bn trong. Loose-tube gip si cp quang gin n trc s thay i nhit , co gin t nhin, khng b cng, b gp nhng ch cong.

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Hnh 2. 3. Loose-tube (Dy cp quang dng ngoi tri) Tight-buffer thng dng trong nh (indoor), bao bc kht si cp quang (nh cp in), gip d lp t khi thi cng.

Hnh 2. 4. Tight-buffer (Dy cp quang dng trong nh) Trn mt s ti liu, ta thng s gp hai thut ng vit tt IFC, OSP. IFC (Intrafacility Fiber Cable) l loi cp dng trong nh, c t lp bo v vt l v vic thi cng lp t linh hot. OSP (Outside plant cable) l loi cp dng ngoi tri, chu c nhng iu kin khc nghit ca nhit , m, bi... loi cp ny c nhiu lp bo v. Cc tia sng bn trong cp quang c hai kiu truyn dn l n mt (Singlemode) v a mt (Multimode). Cp quang Singlemode (SM) c ng knh core kh nh (khong 9m), s dng ngun pht laser truyn tia sng xuyn sut v vy tn hiu t b suy hao v c tc kh ln. SM thng hot ng 2 bc sng (wavelength) 1310nm, 1550nm.

Hnh 2.5. Cc kiu truyn sng

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Cp quang Multimode(MM) c ng knh core ln hn SM (khong 50m, 62.5m). MM s dng ngun sng LED (Light Emitting Diode) hoc laser truyn tia sng v thng hot ng 2 bc sng 850nm, 1300nm; MM c khong cch kt ni v tc truyn dn nh hn SM. MM c hai kiu truyn: chit xut bc (Step index) v chit xut lin tc (Graded index). Cc tia sng kiu Step index truyn theo nhiu hng khc nhau v vy c mc suy hao cao v tc kh chm. Step index t ph bin, thng dng cho cp quang POF. Cc tia sng kiu Graded index truyn dn theo ng cong v hi t ti mt im. Do Graded index t suy hao v c tc truyn dn cao hn Step index. Graded index c s dng kh ph bin.

Hnh 2. 6. ng knh core, cladding ca MM v SM Truyn dn tn hiu trn cp quang c hai dng n cng (simplex) v song cng (duplex). Simplex truyn tn hiu ch 1 chiu. Duplex c th truyn nhn tn hiu 1 chiu bn song cng (half-Duplex) hoc c 2 chiu song cng ton phn (full-Duplex) cng thi im ty theo cch cu hnh.

Hnh 2. 7. Hai dng truyn n cng v song cng u ni cp quang vo bng u dy (Patch panel) hoc vo cc cng vo/ra (input/output) trn cc thit b truyn nhn quang, ngi ta thng s dng dy ni quang mt u c sn u ni (Pigtail) hoc c hai u c sn u ni (Pathcord).
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a. Dy quang pigtail b) Mt s loi cp quang

b. Dy quang pathcord

Hnh 2. 8. Cc loi dy quang - Ribbon: cp quang dng ruy-bng, cha nhiu si quang bn trong. - Zipcord: hai si quang c v ngoi lin nhau (nh dy in).

Hnh 2. 9. Cp dng Ribbon v Zipcord Bt k giao tip quang no cng bao gm 3 thnh phn: ngun pht, vt truyn dn trung gian (cp quang) v ngun thu. Ngun pht s chuyn i tn hiu in t thnh nh sng v truyn dn qua cp quang. Ngun thu chuyn i nh sng thnh tn hiu in t. C hai loi ngun pht l Laser v LED. Laser t tn sc, cho php truyn dn d liu tc nhanh, khong cch xa (trn 20km), dng c cho c Singlemode v Multimode nhng chi ph cao, kh s dng. LED tn sc nhiu, truyn dn tc chm hn, b li chi ph thp, d s dng, thng dng cho cp quang Multimode. LED dng cho h thng c khong cch ngn hn, c th s dng cho c si quang thy tinh, si quang plastic. c) Cc thng s cn quan tm - Suy hao quang (Optical loss): lng cng sut quang (optical power) mt trong sut qu trnh truyn dn qua cp quang, im ghp ni. K hiu dB. - Suy hao phn x (Optical Return loss): nh sng b phn x ti cc im ghp ni, u ni quang.
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- Suy hao tip xc (Insertion loss): gim cng sut quang hai u ghp ni. Gi tr thng thng t 0,2dB - 0,5dB. - Suy hao (Attenuation): mc suy gim cng sut quang trong sut qu trnh truyn dn trn mt khong cch xc nh. K hiu dB/km. V d, vi cp quang Multimode bc sng 850nm suy gim 3dB/km, trong khi bc sng 1300nm ch suy gim 1dB/km. Cp quang Singlemode: suy gim 0,4dB/km 1310nm, 0,3dB/km 1550nm. u ni (connector) suy gim 0,5dB/cp u ni. im ghp ni (splice) suy gim 0,2 dB/im. - Bc sng (Wavelength): l chu k di chuyn ca sng in t. K hiu nm (nanometer). nh sng chng ta nhn thy c c wavelength t 400nm n 700nm (mu tm n mu ). Cp quang s dng nh sng nm trong vng hng ngoi c wavelength ln hn wavelength m ta nhn thy trong khong 850nm, 1300nm v 1550nm. Cc bc sng truyn dn quang c xc nh da trn hai yu t nhm khc phc tnh trng suy hao do nng lng v vt liu truyn dn: cc bc sng nm trong vng hng ngoi v cc bc sng khng nm trong vng hp thu, cn tr nng lng nh sng truyn dn (absorption) do tp cht ln trong cp quang t qu trnh sn xut. d) u ni quang Gm nhiu thnh phn kt hp li vi nhau, chng c nhiu kiu nh SC/PC, ST/UPC, FC/APC... Nhng c hai thnh phn bn cn quan tm, l kiu u ni SC, ST, FC...v im tip xc PC, UPC, APC. SC (subscriber connector), ST (straight tip), FC (fiber connector) l cc kiu u ni quang c dng hnh vung, hnh trn...

Hnh 2. 10. Cc loi u ni quang

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Bn trong u ni l Ferrule, gip bo v v gi thng si cp quang. Ferrule c lm bng thy tinh, kim loi, plastic hoc gm (ceramic) - trong cht liu gm l tt nht.

Hnh 2. 11. Ferrule nh ca ferrule c lm nhn (polish) vi ba dng im tip xc chnh PC (Physical Contact), UPC (Ultra Physical Contact) v APC (Angled Physical Contact), gip m bo ch ghp ni c t nh sng b mt hoc b phn x nht.

Hnh 2. 12. Cc dng im tip xc ca Ferrule Dng PC c vt cong, s dng vi cc kiu u ni FC, SC, ST. PC, c gi tr suy hao phn x (optical return loss) l 40dB. V gi tr ny kh cao, nn thc y cc nh sn xut tip tc tm kim cc gii php tt hn. UPC l gii php tip theo, n cng c vt cong nh PC nhng gim return loss hn. UPC c gi tr return loss 50dB. UPC dng vi cc u ni FC, SC, ST, DIN, E2000. APC c vt cho 8 , loi b hu ht s phn x im ghp ni v c gi tr return loss 60dB. Bn nn lu l khi c cc thng s k thut quang cp mc suy hao c th lm bn d hiu sai v du + v -. Chng hn, vi kt qu tnh ton, o c mc suy hao l -40dB. Trn thng s k thut c th vit gi tr suy hao (loss values) l 40dB hoc s o mc phn x l -40dB hay li (gain) l -40dB. Tt c u nh nhau, do cn ch cch vit trnh hiu sai.
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Hin nay, gi thnh cp quang v cc ph kin quang thp hn so vi cch nay vi nm. Cng vi vic ng dng nhiu gii php nh IP Camera, VoIP, Hi ngh truyn hnh qua mng, kt ni mng gigabit gia cc ta nh, vn phng, xng sn xut; cp quang dn tr thnh la chn s mt cho vic trin khai h tng mng i hi nhiu bng thng v tc cao. II. H thng FTTH ca FPT Telecom

Hnh 2. 13. M hnh c bn FTTH ca FPT 1. Tng quan v thit b Hin nay trn h thng FTTH ca FPT s dng cc thit b sau: - Converter Zyxel MC1000-SFP - Converter Zyxel MC100FX-SC30-A - Modem Zyxel P320-W - SW GS3012F - CARD ELC1220G - MODULE ZYXEL LX-10 - MODULE ZYXEL LX-20 - Cc loi dy nhy quang
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a) Converter Zyxel MC1000-SFP

- Converter l mt thit b c bit c tnh nng chuyn d liu c truyn di dng xung nh sng sang tn hiu in tng thch chun 802.3 ( Ethernet) - Converter c 1 port ng v 1 khe cm quang SFP - Ph thuc vo khong cch ca tuyn cp quang ta c th s dng nhng loi module quang khc nhau , vi SFP multi-mode (550m), SFP single-mode (10Km , 20Km, 70Km maximum) - C th hot ng vi cc loi module chun 802.3z 1000Base SX/LX ( port quang 1Gbps) Thng s k thut: - SFP u ni LC - Converter tng thch chun : IEEE802.3 10Base-T; IEEE802.3u 100Base-TX; IEEE802.3ab 1000Base-T; IEEE802.3z 1000Base SX/LX - in p hot ng 9V- 700mA - Cng xut ti a 9.7W - DIP SW config: Bng 2. 1. Bng trng thi hot ng ca Converter Zyxel MC1000-SFP S 1 Chc nng SFP Trng thi On Off 2 1000Base-T LLF On Off 3 SFP LLF On Off
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M t 1000Mbps Full duplex Auto-Negotiation Enable Disable Enable Disable

Chc nng SFP nu trng thi On th port quang ch chy vi tc 1000Mbps full duplex. Chc nng SFP nu trng thi Off th port quang s t ng Negotiate tc vi port quang ca thit b ca ISP. 1000Base-T LLF , mc nhin nu port quang ca Converter c tn hiu th port quang vn khng sng n ch khi no port ng ca Converter sng n th port quang mi sng n , Data mi chy qua c. SFP LLF , mc nhin nu port ng ca Converter c tn hiu th port ny cng khng sng ch khi no port quang c tn hiu th port ng mi sang n , Data mi chy qua c. Adapter : 230V- 50Hz -> 9V-700mA. Hin ti FPT ang s dng Converter Zyxel MC1000-SFP-SP (Media Converter)

V tnh nng cng gn nh MC1000-SFP - in p hot ng 12V 0.8A / 9.6W - Port ng 1000Base-T - Port quang 1000Base-FX /SFP - Link Fault Signaling (LFS) b) Converter Zyxel MC100FX-SC30-A

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- C th hot ng vi cc module chun 802.3u 100Base FX/TX - Cho php cc gi 802.1Q i qua - C th hiu chnh cc ch hot ng khc nhau thng qua Dip Switch Thng s k thut: - Converter c port quang 100Mbps-FX chun SC module gn trong - Converter tng thch chun : IEEE802.3 10Base-T; IEEE802.3u 100BaseTX/FX - in p hot ng: 12VDC-0.8A - Cng xut ti a : 2.4W - Khong cch truyn ti a 30Km - DIP SW config: Bng 2. 2. Bng trng thi hot ng ca Converter Zyxel MC100FX-SC30-A S 1 Chc nng Enable/Disable Auto-Negotiation 2 Trng thi On Off M t Enable Disable Half-duplex Full-duplex 10Mbps 100Mbps Half-duplex Full-duplex Enable Disable

Copper port duplex On mode Off

Copper port data bit On rate Off

Fiber port duplex On mode Off On Off

LFS feature

LFS feature ny tng t nh Converter MC1000, port quang s khng c tn hiu nu nh port ng ca Converter ny khng c tn hiu v ngc li.

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c) Modem Zyxel P320-W

Thng s k thut: - Router Broadband P320-W h tr Wifi 802.11b/g AP bn trong - 4 port LAN - 1 Port WAN - 1 Wireless module gn trong chun 802.11g -4 port LAN h tr c th u cp cho v cp thng - in p hot ng 12V-1000mA, 9W - Modem h tr DHCP, NAT, firwall, DoS, fort Forwarding ,SNMP V1,V2,Trap - Mc nh cu hnh nh sn xut modem c IP l 192.168.1.1/24 - Default password : 1234 - NAT support 4096 sessions limited - Modem c kh nng ti ti a hn 40Mbps - Wireless h tr cc phng thc chng thc nh WEP, WPA,WPA2. d) SW- GS3012F

Switch Zyxel GS3012F l loi SW hin ang s s ph bin cho h tng FTTH ca FPT. Thng S k thut : - SW c 12 port quang chun SFP, trong 4 port 9,10,11,12 l port combo, tc l va c th gn port quang hay port ng (RJ45)
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- Cc port quang 1- 8 chy vi tc 1000Mbps khng h tr 10/100Mbps - Port comboo 9-11 h tr 10/100/1000Mbps full duplex v half-duplex e) Card quang ELC1220-55

Thng s k thut - Card quang ELC1220-55 c 20 port quang 100Mbps - Card tng thch DSLAM 5000 v DSLAM 6000 - Khng tng thch DSLAM 3000 f) Module quang Zyxel LX-10

Thng s k thut - Module Zyxel LX-10 hot ng ch Single-mode , bc sng 1310nm, tm xa 10km - in p hot ng +3.3V (3.15~3.45V), dng 300mA - nhy quang (Optical Receiver sensitivity) 20dBm - u ni bng dy nhy quang LC - Khong cch truyn dn v cp tng ng 62.5 m MMF (multimode fiber): 550m; 50 m MMF: 550m; 9 m SMF (Single mode fiber): 10km - Class 1 lasser hot ng mi trng thng; bc sng ngn

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g) Module quang Zyxel LX-20

- Module Zyxel 100LX-20 hot ng ch Single mode ,bc sng 1310nm, tm xa 20Km - in p hot ng +3.3V ( 3.10~3.5V), dng 250mA - nhy quang ( Optical Receiver Snitivity) 30dBm - u ni bng dy nhy quang LC - Khong cch truyn dn v cp tng ng 62.5 m MMF (multimode fiber) : 550m; 50 m MMF : 550m; 9 m SMF (Single mode fiber) : 20km - Class 1 lasser hot ng mi trng thng; bc sng ngn h) Cc loi dy nhy quang ph bin Dy nhy LC/LC

Dy nhy quang LC/LC, ta dng u ni cho khch hng FTTH chy trn SW 3012F hoc dng u ni cho cc khch hng leaseline t couplink trn ODF ra converter khch hng. Dy nhy SC/SC

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Dy nhy SC/SC , i vi khch hng FTTH chy trn ELC1220-55 ta ct i dy nhy trn hn ni vo cp quang t tp im ko ti nh khch hng v ni vo Converter Zyxel MC100FX-SC-30A. Dy nhy LC/SC

Dy nhy quang LC/SC thng dng u ni cho cc khch hng Leaseline (u t couplink t ODF ra Converter). 2. Hng dn ci t FTTH a) Cch tho lp module quang Module quang s dng cho SW GS3012F phi s dng LX-10 chun 1Gbps, Converter loi MC1000 hoc MC1000-SFP-SP. Lp module quang Bc 1 2 Thao tc M v y module quang Gn module quang vo port, mt c board mch in hng xung 3 4 Kim tra n xc nh switch nhn module. Ci cht module v gn dy quang vo.

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 Tho module quang Bc 1 2 3 4 Thao tc Ly dy quang ra khi module M cht module. Rt module quang ra khi port y module quang li bng v bc (thng i km vi transceiver ban u trc khi s dng, gi l dust cover)

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b) Cch u gn thit b

Cc khch hng FTTH thng s dng cp quang 2FO hoc 4FO, u khch hng dy quang s c ct v hn vo 2 si dy nhy LC hoc SC ty vo u ni Converter ca nh cung cp dch v, sau khi hn xong dy nhy, cp v dy nhy phi c gia c trong hp st cha cp bo v cp, dy nhy sau u vo Converter, t Converter ta u dy cp thng UTP n Router P320-W. c) Cch kim tra tn hiu quang n Power sng xanh th Converter hot ng bnh thng, sng hoc khng sng n th Converter h. Khi c tn hiu quang th n Link/Act s sng xanh, n FDX/COL s sng vng; khi c traffic chy qua th n Link/Act s chp. n 100/1000 sng vng port chy 100Mbps, sng xanh port chy 1000Mbps. d) Hng dn Config Modem P320-W Modem mi th IP mc nh l 192.168.1.1 , password :1234. u tin ta Login vo Modem bng giao din WEB ( Modem P320-W khng h tr Telnet) nh sau: Ta m giao din Internet Explorer , ti thanh Address ta g 192.168.1.1 n Enter

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Sau khi hin ln trang web login ca Zyxel P320-W ta nhp password 1234 vo password v n Login, sau khi nhn Login trang web Language Selection ta mc nh ri chn Apply

Sau khi ta chn Apply s hin trang web yu cu thay i Password login modem, nu khng cn thay i ta chn Ignore

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Sau khi chn Ignore trang web tip theo ta chn Go To Advanced Setup s hin ln trang WEB giao din cu hnh chnh nh sau:

Sau ta chn Network, chn WAN giao din cu hnh port WAN s hin ra nh sau:

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Encapsulation: ta chn PPP over Ethernet cu hnh cho modem quay PPPOE, sau ta nhp Service name, username, password m FPT cung cp, check chn Nailed-up Connection, MTU v Ilde timeout mc nh, phn WAN IP Address Assignment ta mc nh, Get automactics from ISP (Default) v nhn Apply

Mc nh cu hnh nh vy modem c th quay PPPoE kt ni Internet, ngoi ra ta c th thay i mt s thng s nh DNS Server khng ly thng s DNS mc nh m ISP cung cp khi quay PPPOE (DNS Server l server phn gii tn thnh IP).

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Hng dn cu hnh P320-W Wireless s dng kha bo mt Statis WPA

Cu hnh Wireless ta Enable Wireless LAN, chn di knh hot ng ca Wireless Modem trong mc Channel Selection, trong Wirelesss chun b, g s dng di tn s 2.4Ghz v c chia thnh 13 channel nh t 2401-2475Mhz, v mi channel s c rng xung l 22Mhz, v vy trong 13 channel ny s c 3 channel l nonoverlapping l 1,6 v 11. Ngoi giao thc chng thc WPA-PSK, Modem Zyxel P320-W cn h tr phng thc chng thc 802.1x chng thc = Radius Server kt hp vi WEP. Thay i thng s IP ca Modem v DHCP Trong trang web Config modem ta chn Network chn LAN ca s bn phi s hin ln mc Config IP cho port LAN ca Router ta i thng s IP Address v Subnet Mask mi ri chn Apply.
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Phi m bo rng Enable DHCP Server phi c check th modem mi cp IP cho cc Client c. Ip Pool Starting Address : 192.168.1 l phn Network LAN m ta confi g trong mc LAN, octet cui cng trong ta c th chn s bt k t 1-254 ( khng th chn 0 v 255 v 192.168.1.0 l network ca ta cn 192.168.1.255 l a ch broadcast ca mng ta ang dng, ta cng khng nn chn 1 v 192.168.1.1 s l a ch ca modem m ta ang dng, tt nht ta nn config t 2 tr ln tc 192.168.1.2 ). Pool Size : ti ny ta nhp s IP ti a m modem c th cp c . DNS Servers Assigned by DHCP Sever: Config DNS server m modem cp cho cc my tnh, nu ta config sai th my tnh s khng vo WEB c.
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Static DHCP Config Statisc DHCP cho modem ta vo Network DHCP Server Chn Tab Static DHCP ca s bn tay phi s hin ra nh sau:

Static DHCP : tnh nng ny dng cp 1 IP c nh cho 1 my tnh vi a ch MAC bit. Client List : tab bn cnh Static DHCP , tab ny hin cc IP m DHCP cp v MAC ca my tnh .

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 Qun l P320-W Qun l thng wa WWW : Ta chn Management Remote MGMT WWW

Server Port : Port truy cp WEB. Server Access : Nu ta chn LAN th ta ch c th login vo Router config t mng Local ca ta, cn nu chn LAN&WAN th ta c th truy cp vo trang WEB cu hnh Router t Internet. Secured Client Ip Address : Mc nh All l tt c IP u c th login vo, chn Selected ri nhp vo IP th ch c my c IP ny mi login c vo modem. Qun L bng SNMP: Ta chn Management Remote MGMT SNMP

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SNMP (Simple Network Managerment Protocol): l mt giao thc ph bin dng qun l cc thit b thng qua mi trng internet, bng cch s dng SNMP ta c th config cc thit b t xa hoc qun l hot ng ca thit b m khng cn phi kt ni trc tip ti thit b, thng khng phi thit b no cng h tr SNMP, ty vo nh sn xut c b xung thm SNMP Agent vo thit b hay khng m thit b mi h tr Protocol ny. Managerment Security: Ta chn Management Remote MGMT Security

Do not respond to ping from WAN : mc nh ny s c check tc l ta khng th ping ti modem nu modem ny ang online, b check ny ta c th ping c. e) Hng dn cu hnh FTTH trn card quang ELC1220-55 Card ELC c lp ln IES-5000 hoc IES-6000, v mi port ch chy mode 100Mbps do vy ta khng th s dng Module quang LX-10 1Gbps v Converter MC1000 u ni cho khch hng c, m thay vo s s dng Converter MC100FX-SC30-A v Module quang LX-20 gn cho card quang. Hng dn gn thit b : ( tng t vi trn SW GS3012F) Cch kim tra tn hiu quang : ( tng t trn SW GS3012F) Cach cu hnh P320-W : ( tng t nh cu hnh trn SW GS3012F) 3. Mt s li thng gp khi trin khai FTTH - Rt mng thng xuyn: Nguyn nhn c th do core quang b li, mi ni suy hao qu ln, cp b cng sau khi hn cp, Converter b li chy khng n nh hay mt tn hiu, xc nh chnh xc c th s dng my o cng xut xc nh mc nng lng u pht v u thu so snh.

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- n sng nhng khng i nt c: Nguyn nhn thng do config ca khch hng trong SW hoc DSLAM cha c config ng, nh VLAN, VLAN ID, port authentication. c bit trn Converter MC1000-SFP-SP c trng hp Converter n Link sng nhng trn h thng kim tra th vn khng c tn hiu l do 1 link trn ng cp khch hng b li, nhng n Link trn C onverter vn sng l do port Send trn Converter gn ng port Receive trn SW hoc card ELC nhng link gia port Receive trn Converter vi port Send trn SW th t hoc b li. - Port ca khch hng c tn hiu nhng khng bn MAC: Nguyn nhn c th do KH cha gn modem vo Converter ca khch hng, modem KH b li, gn sai port trn modem, Converter b treo, ngoi ra trn card ELC port khch hng b filter MAC Address khng ng, nguyn nhn cui cng v him khi xy ra l port trn SW b li, cht. - Khch hng bo mng chm, ping time cao: Trng hp ny nn s dng cc cng c test Bandwidth test nh Solarwind, Netpersec c kt qu tht chnh xc ly c s lm vic vi khch hng. Test vo mt s trang web VN v nc ngoi test th xem tc kt ni th no. Net trong nc chm c th do port khch hng Limit traffic khng ng, traffic ng Trunk trn SW b limit, khch hng s dng FULL Bandwidth, khch hng b DoS t bn ngoi vo lm nghn bng thng ca khch hng. Net quc t b chm khng ng cam kt, lin h NOC x l. - Khch hng bo mng khch hng hay rt, mt s my ang vo game online c thot ra khng vo c na: Nguyn nhn c th do Router P320-W ActiveSession FULL Session, hoc my tnh khch hng b dnh virus ARP inspection bn ARP tr MAC tng ng vi IP ca Gateway v my ny lm cho cc my khc lm Default gateway l my tnh ca khch hng nn traffics ra gi ti my tnh ny. Ta c th xem Active Session trn Router P320-W bng cch: ti ca s giao din Status ca modem ta chn Active Session.

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Phn III. Mt s hnh nh thc t 1. Hnh nh ca POP FTTH

Hnh 3. 1 nh thc t mt POP dch v ADSL v FTTH

Hnh 3. 2 DSLAM Zyxel IES 6000

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Hnh 3. 3 Swich Zyxel GS-3012F cung cp lease line cho khch hng

Hnh 3. 4 Switch Zyxel MGS-3712F cung cp lease line cho khch hng

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Hnh 3. 5 Card ELC1220G-55 cung cp cho thu bao FTTH

Hnh 3. 6 ODF dng phi quang cho thu bao FTTH

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Hnh 3. 7 Ngun cho DSLAM Zyxel IES 6000

Hnh 3. 8 Acquy d phng cho DSLAM Zyxel IES 6000

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S RING ca POP27

Hnh 3. 9 S u RING FTTH dng Switch ca FPT

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Hnh 3. 10 S u RING ADSL v FTTH dng DSLAM

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2. Hnh nh v cc thit b thi cng cp quang v thit b khch hng thc t

Hnh 3. 11 Tp im dnh cho thu bao FTTH

Hnh 3. 12 My hn quang Single Fiber Fusion Splicer DVP-730

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Hnh 3. 13 Cp quang 2FO dng trong thi cng FTTH

Hnh 3. 14 Catset dng cha mi hn quang ca si quang v dy nhy

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Hnh 3. 15 Catset, Converter MC100FX-SC30-A v Modem TP-Link TL-WR741ND

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Phn IV. Tm tt chung 1. Ni dung cng vic c phn cng Tun 1: - c gii thiu cn b hng dn ti. - Ti liu gii thiu s lc v cng ty c cung cp y , c k ti liu. - Bo co s lc tun 1 cho cn b hng dn. Tun 2: - Tm hiu quy trnh k thut v cc cng ngh ang c p dng trn h tng FTTH ca doanh nghip. - Ti liu chi tit v k thut c cung cp y . - Bo co s lc tun 2 cho cn b hng dn. Tun 3: - Tm hiu cc thit b ang c s dng trn h tng FTTH ca doanh nghip. - c quan st thc t cc thit b. - c ti liu k thut thit b. - Bo co s lc tun 3 cho cn b hng dn. Tun 4: - Tm hiu cch quy hoch mng FTTH, s u RING FTTH, i quan st thc t vic thi cng cp quang. - Bo co s lc tun 4 cho cn b hng dn. Tun 5: - Tham gia mt vi cng on trong thi cng cp quang nh cu hnh thit b khch hng. - Tham gia i bo tr v sa cha quan st cch x l cc vn v h tng FTTH. - Bo co s lc tun 5 cho cn b hng dn. Tun 6: - Tng hp cc ti liu l thuyt v thc t hiu bao qut v h tng FTTH. - c k ti liu tng hp. - Bo co s lc tun 6 cho cn b hng dn.
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 Tun 7: - Vit bo co thc tp. - Bo co s lc tun 7 cho cn b hng dn. Tun 8: - Hon thin bo co thc tp. - Bo co v chnh sa ni dung theo s hng dn ca cn b hng dn. 2. Phng php thc hin - Nhn ti liu c cung cp t cn b hng dn. - c k ti liu c cung cp. - Tm hiu thm kin thc lin quan t Internet hiu r cc vn . - Trao i vi cn b hng dn v cc vn cn tn ti trong qu trnh tm hiu ti. - Tham gia vo cc hot ng thc t v thi cng, lp t h tng FTTH hiu chi tit hn, cng c kin thc l thuyt. - Ch quan st thit b v cch thc thi cng cc cng on ca h tng FTTH. - Tng hp cc kin thc l thuyt v cc hnh nh thc t vit bo co thc tp. - Trao i vi cn b hng dn hon thin bo co thc tp. 3. Kt qu t c - Khi qut c lch s hnh thnh, pht trin v cc loi hnh dch v Cng ty FPT Telecom ang trin khai. - Hiu r v h tng FTTH ang c doanh nghip khai thc. - Hon thin kin thc nh trng t vic tham gia thc t mt vi cng on trin khai mng FTTH. - Kinh nghim thc t c ci thin. - To c nim am m cng ngh, khng ngng tm ti v hc tp cc cng ngh mi trong lnh vc Vin thng v Mng. 4. Rt kinh nghim bn thn - Kin thc l thuyt cha y nn hn ch v vic c hiu cc ti liu k thut.
52

- K nng thc hnh cn yu, cha p ng c ti a yu cu cn thit trong thc hnh. - C gng mnh dn hn trong vic trao i cng vic hon thnh tt hn cng vic c giao.

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