GV : Nguyn V Minh

Cng thc gii nhanh Ha V C

Cc Dng Thng Gp

Dng 1 :
Kim Lai + axit loi 1 ( H2SO4 long hoc HCl) mui (sunfat hoc clorua) +

mmui sunfat = mkim loi + 96 n H

hay
2

mmui clorua = mkim loi + 71 n H

H2

Bo ton e : ncho = nnhn vi ncho= mol kim loi . ha tr kim loi

nnhn= 2. n

Cu 1: Cho 5,2 g hn hp Al, Fe v Mg vo dd HCl d thu c 2,24 lt kh H2(ktc). C cn dung dch thu c
bao nhiu gam mui khan ? A. 10,8
B. 11,5
C. 12,3
D,14,6
2,24
Gii : nH 2 =
= mkim loai + 71.0,1=5,2+7,1=12,3 . Ta chn C
=
0,1
22,4

mmui

Cu 2: Cho 10,8 g hn hp Zn, Cd v Al vo dd H2SO4long, d thu c 0,5 g kh H2. C cn dung dch thu
c m gam mui khan. Gi tr m l : A. 40,4
B. 37,2
C. 36,4
D. 34,8
0,5
= 0, mmui = mkim lai + 96.0,25=10,8 + 24 = 34,8 . Ta chn D
Gii : n =
25
H

2
2
Cu 3 (H khi B 2010): Ho tan hon ton 2,45 gam hn hp X gm hai kim loi kim th vo 200 ml
dung dch HCl 1,25M, thu c dung dch Y cha cc cht tan c nng mol bng nhau. Hai kim loi trong
X l A. Mg v Ca
B. Be v Mg
C. Mg v Sr
D. Be v Ca

Gii : V dung dch Y cha cc cht tan c nng bng nhau nn s mol 2 kim loi kim th bng nhau v
bng s mol HCl d (nu c) , nHCl = 0,25 mol
M + 2HCl
MCl2 + H2 nn ,
a
2a
a
9 + 40
nHCl (d) = a/2 nn 0, 25 2a = 0, 5a a = 0,1 M = 24, 5 =
nn c Be v Ca l hp l, chn D
2
Cu 4 (H khi A 2010): Cho 7,1 gam hn hp gm mt kim loi kim X v mt kim loi kim th Y tc
dng ht vi lng d dung dch HCl long, thu c 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Kim loi X, Y l
A. natri v magie.
B. liti v beri.
C. kali v canxi.
D. kali v bari.
Gii: Gi M i din 2 kim loi, n l ha tr
2M + 2nHCl
2MCln + nH2
n = 1 M =
7,1
5, 6
Bo t
4
22, 4
M
14,2
n = 2 M =
m 1 < n < 2 nn 14,2 < M < 28,4 ta chn Na v Mg , p n A
Cu 5: Ha tan 9,144g hn hp Cu, Mg, Al bng mt lng va dung dch HCl thu c 7,84 lit kh X
(ktc), 2,54g cht rn Y v dung dch Z. Lc b cht rn Y, c cn cn thn dung dch Z thu c lng mui
khan l A. 33,99g.
B. 19,025g.
C. 31,45g.
D. 56,3g.
Gii: Cht rn Y khng tan l Cu nn ch c Mg v Al phn ng v m(Mg, Al) = 9,144 m(Cu) = 6,604 gam
mmui clorua = m(Mg, Al) + 71 n

= 6,604 + (7,84 : 22,4).71 = 31,45 gam , chn C

Cu 6: Cho 1,53 gam hh Mg, Fe, Zn vo dd HCl d thy thot ra 448ml kh (ktc). C cn dd sau phn ng th
thu c m gam cht rn c khi lng
A. 2,95 gam
B.2,24 gam
C. 3,9 gam
D. 1,85 gam
0 , 448
= 2,95 gam , chn A
Gii: Kh l H2 v mui thu c s l mui clorua : mmui clorua = 1,53 + 71
22 , 4
Cu 7: Ha tan hon ton 14 gam mt kim loi vo H2SO4 long d thu c 5,6 lt kh (ktc). Kim loi l :
A. Al
B. Fe
C. Zn
D. Mg
1
Email : minhnguyen249@yahoo.com
t : 0914449230
H

GV : Nguyn V Minh

Cng thc gii nhanh Ha V C

n = 2
Gii: bo ton electron : 14
vi n l ha tr kim loi
5,6 M = 28n

M .n = 2.22,5

M = 56
Fe

Email : minhnguyen249@yahoo.com

t : 0914449230

Ch : Fe tc dng vi axit loi 1 ch ra hoa1 tr II

Cu 8 (C 2007): Ha tan han ton 3,22g hn hp X gm Fe, Mg, Zn bng mt lng va dung dch
H2SO4 long thu c 1,344 lt hidro(ktc) v dung dch cha m gam mui. Ga tr ca m l?
A. 10,27
B. 8,98
C. 7,25
D. 9,52
1, 3 4 4
Gii: Kh l H2 v mui thu c s l mui sunfat : m mui sunfat = 3,22 + 96
= 8,98 gam , chn B
22 , 4
Cu 9 (C 2007): Ho tan hon ton 2,9 gam hn hp gm kim loi M v oxit ca n vo nc, thu c
500 ml dung dch cha mt cht tan c nng 0,04M v 0,224 lt kh H2 ( ktc). Kim loi M l
A. Na.
B. Ca.
C. Ba.
D. K.
Gii: Phn tch: Da vo p n ta thy KL l ha tr II hoc ha tr I ,ta ln lt xt hai trng hp:
Nu l KL ha tr II: MO + H2O
M + H2O M(OH)2 + H2
;
0,01
0,01 mol
0,01
0,01
0,01mol
2,9 = 0.01(M+16) + M.0,01 M =137 Ba, chn C

Dng 2 :

Mui cacbonat + axit loi 1 ( H2SO4 long hoc HCl) mui (sunfat hoc

CO2

clorua)
mmui

sunfat =

mmui cacbonat + 36 n

CO

do CO3 2- +H SO

SO
mmui

clorua =

mmui cacbonat + 11 n

CO

22

2-

+CO2 +H 2O
4

do CO3 +2HCl 2Cl +CO 2 +H 2 O

v nmui cacbonat = n mui hidr cacbonat = n CO

Cu 10: Cho 12 g hn hp mui cacbonat ca kim lai kim v kim th vo dung dch cha HCl d thu c
2,24 lt kh ktc. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr m l :
A. 13,1
B. 12,1
C. 9,1
D. 11,1
Gii: nCO2 =

2, 24
= 0,1 mmui clorua = mmui cacbonat + 11.0,1=12+1,1=13,1 . Ta chn A
22, 4

Cu 11: Cho m g hn hp 3 mui cacbonat ca kim nhm IA, IIA v IIIA vo dung dch H2SO4long, d thu
c 2,8 lt kh ktc. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 22,65 gam mui khan. Gi tr m l :
A. 19,25
B. 20,05
C. 18,15
D. 17,86
Gii: nCO2

2,8
= 22, 4=

m= mmui cacbonat = mmui sunfat

CO2

=22,65 0,125.36 = 18,15 .Chn C

0,125 36.n
Cu 12: Ha tan 3,06g hn hp 2 mui Cacbonat kim loi ha tr I v II bng dd HCl d thu c 672 ml
CO2 (kc) . Nu c cn dd th thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan ?
A. 3,39g
B. 6,78g
C. 9,33g
D. Khng xc nh c
0 , 672
Gii: Khi lng mui khan mmui clorua = 3,06 + 11.
=3,39 . Ta chn A
22 , 4
Cu 13: Hn hp X gm hai mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi kim th hai chu k lin tip. Cho 7,65 gam X
vo dung dch HCl d. Kt thc phn ng, c cn dung dch th thu c 8,75 gam mui khan. Hai kim loi
l:
A. Mg v Ca
B. Ca v Sr
C. Be v Mg
D. Sr v Ba
m
m
8, 75 7, 65
muoi cacbonat =
=0,1 = n
Gii: nCO2 = muoi clorua
muoi cacbonat
11
11

7
,
65
Gi cng thc chung hai mui cabonat l MCO3 c M + 60 =

0,1 = 76, 5 M =

nn ta chn C

16, 5
Cu 14: Cho 3,6 gam hn hp A. gm 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi k tip nhau trong phn nhm chnh
nhm II.Cho A. tan ht trong dung dch H SO long thu c kh B.. Cho B. sc vo dung dch dung dch
2

Ca(OH) d thy to thnh 5 gam kt ta. Hai kim loi l g?

2
A. Ca v Mg
B. Ca v Sr
C. Mg v Be

D.Khng xc nh c

Gii: Do dung dch Ca(OH)2 d nn n CO2

= n =

CaCO3

5
= mol 100
=
3, 0,
6 05

= n muoi cacbonat

n
Gi cng thc chung hai mui cabonat l MCO3 c M + 60 =

0, 05 = 72 M = 12 nn ta chn C
Cu 15: Ho tan ht 2,25 gam hn hp hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A, B ( k tip nhau trong phn nhm
chnh nhm II) bng dung dch HCl thu c 0,56 lt kh CO (ktc). Hai kim loi A, B l:
2
A. Be v Mg
B. Ca v Sr C. Sr v Ba D. Mg v Ca
0, 56
Gii: n CO2 =
= 0, 025 mol
22, 4
= n muoi cacbonat
2, 25
nn ta chn D
Gi cng thc chung hai mui cabonat l MCO3 c M + 60 =
0, 025 = 90 M
= 30
Cu 16: 18,4 gam hh 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim lai nhm IIA hai chu k k tip nhau trong bng HTTH,
khi tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thu c 0,2 mol CO2 . Hai kim loi l
A. Ca v Sr
B. Sr v Ba
C. Mg v Ca
D. Be v Mg
Gii: n CO
2
= 0, 2 mol = n muoi cacbonat
18, 4
nn ta chn C
Gi cng thc chung hai mui cabonat l MCO3 c M + 60 =
0, 2 = 92 M
= 32
Cu 17: Cho 115g hn hp gm ACO3, B2CO3, R2CO3 tc dng ht vi dd HCl thy tht ra 0,448l CO2 (ktc).
Khi lng mui clorua to ra trong dung dch l:
A. 115,22g
B.151,22g
C. 116,22g
D. 161,22g
0, 448
Gii: mmui clorua = mmui cacbonat + 11.nCO2 = 115 +
.11= 115,22 gam . Ta chn A
22, 4
Cu 18: Ho tan hon ton 4,68g hn hp mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A v B k tip trong nhm IIA vo
dd HCl thu c 1,12 lit CO2 ktc. Xc nh kim loi A v B l: (Mg = 24 ; Ca = 40 ; Sr = 88 ; Ba = 137)
A. Be v Mg
B. Mg v Ca.
C. Ca v Sr.
D. Sr v Ba.
1,12
Gii: n CO2 =
= 0, 05 mol
22, 4
= n muoi cacbonat
4, 68
Gi cng thc chung hai mui cabonat l MCO3 c M + 60 =
0, 05
= 93, 6 M = 33, 6 nn ta chn B
Dng 3 :
Bo Ton IN TCH

Cho : dung dch

M m+ :a (mol)
X n+
N :b (mol)
v

X x- :c (mol)
z Z :d (mol)

Bo ton in tch : m.a + n.b = x.c + z.d

mmui= khi lng tt c ion = M.a + N.b + X.c + Z.d
2+
2+
Cu 19: Mt dung dch cha 0,2 mol Ca ; 0,1 mol Mg ;0,1 mol HCO3 v x mol Cl . Tm x ?
A. 0,5
B. 0,6
C. 0,7
D. 0,8
Gii: 0,2.2 + 0,1.2 = 0,1.1 + x.1 suy ra x = 0,5 chn A

2+
3+
2
Cu 20: Mt dung dch cha 0,1 mol M ; 0,05 mol Al ; 0,1 mol Cl v x mol SO4 . C cn dung dch thu

c 19,3 mui khan. Tm kim lai M.

A. Mg
B. Ca
C. Fe
Gii: 0,1.2 + 0,05.3 = 0,1.1 + x.2 suy ra x = 0,125
mmui = M.0,1 + 27.0,05 + 35,5.0,1 + 96.0,125 =19,3 suy ra M = 24 (Mg), chn A
+

D. Cu

2+

Cu 21 (H Khi A 2010): Cho dung dch X gm: 0,007 mol Na ; 0,003 mol Ca ; 0,006 mol Cl ; 0,006

HCO3

2+

v 0,001 mol NO3 . loi b ht Ca

trong X cn mt lng va dung dch cha a gam Ca(OH)2

Ga tr ca a l A. 0,222
B. 0,120
C. 0,444
D. 0,180
Gii: nCa(OH)2 = x. nOH- = 2x v nCa2+ = x. Theo bi:
2OH +
HCO3
CO3 + H2O
2x
0,006 --------- 0,006
2+
2-Ca
+
CO3

CaCO3.
x + 0,003
0,006
Ch c x = 0,003 tha mn. Vy a = 0,003.74 = 0,222 (g) , ta chn A
+
2Cu 22 (H Khi A 2010): Dung dch X c cha: 0,07 mol Na ; 0,02 mol SO4 v x mol OH . Dung dch
+
Y c cha ClO4 , NO3 v y mol H ; tng s mol ClO4 v NO3 l 0,04. Trn X v Y c 100 ml dung dch
Z. Dung dch Z c pH (b qua s in li ca H2O) l A. 1
B. 2
C. 12
D. 13
Gii: LBTT: 0,07 = 0,02.2 + x x = 0,03 (mol); y = 0,04 (mol) . Vy nH+ d = 0,01 (mol).
+
[H ] = 0,01: 0.1 = 0,1 (M) pH = 1 , ta chn A
3+
2+
2Cu 23 (C 2007): Dung dch A cha cc ion Al =0,6 mol, Fe =0,3mol, Cl = a mol, SO4 = b mol. C cn
dung dch A thu c 140,7gam. Gi tr ca a v b ln lt l?
A. 0,6 v 0,3
B. 0,9 v 0,6
C. 0,3 v 0,5
D. 0,2 v 0,3
Gii: bo ton in tch : 0, 6.3 + 0, 3.2 = 1.a + 2.b = 2,4
Khi lng mui m = 27.0, 6 + 0, 3.56 + 35, 5.a + 96.b = 140, 7 35, 5a + 96b
= 107, 7
Nn ta c a = 0,6 v b = 0,3, chn A
Cu 24 (H Khi A 2010): Ha tan hon ton 8,94 gam hn hp gm Na, K v Ba vo nc, thu c
dung dch X v 2,688 lt kh H2 (ktc). Dung dch Y gm HCl v H2SO4, t l mol tng ng l 4 : 1. Trung
ha dung dch X bi dung dch Y, tng khi lng cc mui c to ra l
A. 13,70 gam.
B. 18,46 gam.
C. 12,78 gam.
D. 14,62 gam
Gii: Ta c: H2O OH + H2.
nOH- = 0,24 (mol).
HCl (4x mol)
H2SO4 (x mol)
th nCl- = 4x ; nSO4 = x; nH+ = 6x = 0,24
x = 0,04.
mmui = mKL + mCl- + mSO4 = 8,94 + 4.0,04.35,5 + 0,04.96 = 18,46 (g), chn B
Cu 25 (H Khi A 2007) : Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,12 mol FeS2 v mol Cu2S bng dung dch
HNO3 va , thu c dung dch X (ch cha 2 mui sunfat) v kh duy nht NO. Gi tr ca a l :
A. 1,8 mol
B. 1,08 mol
C. 0,18 mol
D. 0,06
3+
2+
2: Gii: Dung dch thu c ch cha mui sunfat duy nht nn ch cha cc ion : Fe ; Cu ; SO4
n = n = 0,12.1 = 0,12
Fe

0,12 mol FeS2

ao t

a mol Cu

3+

= 0, 2.a = 0, 2a

oan

n
guy
en to
n

Fe

=n
Cu

Cu

2+

= 0,12.2 + a.1 = 0, 24 + a

n S = n SO

2-

4
Bo ton in tch : 0,12 . 3 + 2.2a = (0,24 + a ).2 a = 0,06 , chn D
2+
2+
Cu 26: Dung dch Y cha 0,1 mol Ca , 0,2 mol Mg , 0,2 mol Cl v x mol HCO3 . C cn dung dch Y thu
c bao nhiu gam mui khan ?

A. 27,9 gam
B. 59,7 gam
C.30,4 gam
D. 22,0 gam
Gii: Bo ton in tch : 0,1 . 2 + 0,2 . 2 = 0,2 . 1 + x . 1
x
=
0,4

2
Nn ch khi b nhit phn th s c phng trnh : 2HCO CO + +H O
CO
3

0,4 -------->0,2

m muoi = m Ca 2+ + m Mg2+ + m Cl- + m CO = 0,1.40 + 0, 2.24 + 35, 5.0, 2 + 0, 2.60 = 27, 9 , chn A
3

2-

Dng 4: xit kim loi + Axit mui + H2O

M 2 O n + HCl ( hay H 2SO 4 ) mui +

nc

2-

O (tro n g o xit ) + 2 H

= H 2O

n =2.nO =n H O
H

mmui = mkim loi + mgc axit vi mkim loi = m xit mO

Hoc c th dng cng th tnh nhanh cho trc nghim :

+ i vi H2SO4 (long) : m mui sunfat = m xit + 80. n H 2SO4
: m mui clorua = m xit + 27,5. n HCl

+ i vi HCl

Cu 27: Ha tan hon ton 19,8g hn hp FeO, MgO, Al2O3 cn va 500ml dung dch HCl 1,6M. Sau khi
phn ng hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c m(g) mui khan. Tm m
A. 13,1
B. 40,2
C. 39,4
D. 41,8

n
Gii: nHCl = 0, 5.1, 6 = 0,8 = 0,8 n H + = 0, 4 = 16.0, 4 = 6, 4(g)
O
n

=
n
m
mkl 19, 8 6, 4 13, 4( g ),

Cl

=
O =
=
0, 8.35, 5 28, 4
0, 8
Cl

Vy mmui = mkim loi + mgc axit = 13,4 + 28,4 = 41,8 (g) . Chn D
Hoc dng cng thc gii nhanh : m mui clorua = m xit + 27,5. n HCl = 19,8 + 27,5. 0,5 . 1,6 = 41,8 (g)
Cu 28 (H Khi A 2007): Ha tan hon ton 2,81 gam hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong 500ml dung
dch acid H2SO4 0,1M (va ). Sau phn ng c cn dung dch mui thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
A. 6,81g
B. 4,81g
C. 3,81g
D. 5,81g
Gii: nH2SO4 = 0,05 = n SO42 nH+ = 0,1
+
2
2H + O = H2O
0,1 0,05 mol
mmui = moxit mO(trong oxit) + mgc axit = 2,81 0,05.16 +0,05.96 = 6,81 gam, chn A
Cu 29: Ho tan hon ton m gam hn hp X gm Al v Sn bng dung dch HCl (d), thu c 5,6 lt kh H2
( ktc). Th tch kh O2 ( ktc) cn phn ng hon ton vi m gam hn hp X l:
A. 2,80 lt
B. 1,68 lt
C. 4,48 lt
D. 3,92 lt
5, 6
Gii: TH1 : X + HCl : n
= 2.
= 0, 5 mol
e-cho

TH2 : X + O2 : 2O

22, 4
+ 4e

= 4.n = 4. VO

mol

O
e-cho

O2

22, 4
Do ha tr 2 kim loi khng i nn s mol e cho ca 2 phng trnh bng nhau
V
O
mol
0, 5 = 4.
= 2,8 lit , chn A
22, 4
V
O
2

Cu 30: Cho 50 gam hn hp gm ZnO, FeO, Fe2O3, MgO tc dng ht vi 200 ml dung dch HCl 4M (va
) thu c dung dch X. Lng mui c trong dung dch X l :
A. 79,2 g
B. 78,4 gam
C. 72 gam
D. 72,9 gam
Gii: m mui clorua = m xit + 27,5. n HCl = 50 + 27,5. 0,2 . 4 = 72 (g), chn C
Cu 31: tc dng va vi 7,68 gam hn hp FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 cn dng 260 ml dung dch HCl 1M.
Dung dch thu c cho tc dng vi NaOH d, kt ta thu c nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng
i thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr m l :
A. 6 gam
B. 7 gam
C. 8 gam
D. 9 gam
1
n = n = 0, 26 mol , n (trong oxit) =
= 0,13 mol = 7, 68 0,13.16 = 5, 6 g
n
m
Gii: +
HCl
O
H

Fe

2 H
n Fe = 0,1 mol , s hp thc : 2Fe Fe2O3
0,1
0,05
, m Fe2O3 = 160.0,05 = 8 gam, chn C
Cu 32.: Ha tan hon ton 15 g hn hp CuO, MgO, Al2O3 cn va V ml dung dch HCl 1,6M. Sau khi phn
ng hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c m = 28,2 (g) mui khan. Tm V
A. 300
B. 400
C. 500
D. 600

Gii: m mui clorua = m xit + 27,5. n HCl 28, 2 = 15 + 27, 5.1, 6.V V = 0, 3 l = 300 ml , chn A
m mui clorua = m xit + 27,5. n HCl 28, 2 = 15 + 27, 5.1, 6.V V = 0, 3 l = 300 ml ,
chn A
Cu 33: Ha tan hon ton m g hn hp CuO, MgO, Al2O3 cn va 400 ml dung dch HCl 1,6M. Sau khi
phn ng hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c 40,6 (g) mui khan. Tm m
A. 30
B. 40
C. 23
D. 32

m mui clorua = m xit + 27,5. n HCl oxit = 40, 6 27, 5.1, 6.0,4 = 23 gam , chn C
m

Cu 34: Ha tan hon ton 281 gam hn hp gm Fe2O3, MgO, ZnO trong V ml dung dch acid H2SO4 3 M
(va ). Sau phn ng c cn dung dch mui thu c 401 gam mui sunfat khan. Tm V
A. 300
B. 400
C. 500
D. 600

m mui sunfat = m xit + 80. n H2 SO4 401 = 281+ 80.3.V V = 0, 5 l = 500 ml , chn C
Cu 35 (H Khi A 2008): ho tan hon ton 2,32 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe3O4 v Fe2O3 (trong s
mol FeO bng s mol Fe2O3), cn dng va V lt dung dch HCl 1M. Gi tr ca V l
A. 0,23.
B. 0,18.
C. 0,08.
D. 0,16.
n FeO = n Fe2 O3 coi hn hp ch gm 1 xit duy nht l Fe3O4 v

n Fe O = 0, 01 mol n = 0, 04
3 4
O

= 2n = 0, 08 mol =
O
n H+
n HCl

mol

suy ra V = 0,08 lt, chn C

Cu 36 (H Khi B 2008): Cho 9,12 gam hn hp gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HCl
(d). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, c dung dch Y; c cn Y thu c 7,62 gam FeCl2 v m gam
FeCl3. Gi tr ca m l
A. 9,75.
B. 8,75.
C. 6,50.
D. 7,80.
Coi hn hp ch gm FeO, Fe2O3 : n FeO = n FeCl2 =

n Fe O
2

9,12 72.0, 06

mol

= 0, 03

n FeCl

160

7, 62
127

= 0, 06 mol

= 2nFe O = 0, 06 mol
2

m (FeCl3) = 0,06 . 162,5 = 9,75, chn A

Dng 5:+O

mui + sn phm kh + H O

HNO

3
Fe (Fedu , FeO,
Fe2O3 , Fe3O4 )
m Fe

Bo ton e :

.3 =

n
56

m
Fe(NO3 )3

m oxit m Fe

m Fe 16
=
.242

hay H 2SO 4 dac,t 0

+ 3n + 8n

.2 +
NO 2

NO

m Fe .400

N2O

+10n

+ 2n
N2

SO 2

56

Fe2 (SO4 )3

2.56

Cch khc : Quy i hn hp gm Fe : x mol v O : y mol

o

+3

Qu trnh cho nhn e : Fe 3e

Fe
x 3x
Suy ra phng trnh sau :

mhh = mFe + mO = 56x +16 (1)

y

O+ 2e
O
y
2y

(2) x, y

3x = 2y + n NO + 3n NO + 8n N O +10n N +
2n SO

Nu c cho Cu th ta c phng trnh tng qut :

3n Fe + 2n Cu = 2n O + n NO2 + 3n NO + 8n2 N O +10n2 N +

2n SO
Vn cn mt cch khc :

mFe = 0,7. m (hh xit st) + 5,6 . n cho/ nhn

n cho/ nhn = mol kim loi .ha tr = gim s xi ha . s mol sp kh

(2 ')

x, y

Cu 37: m gam bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian bin thnh hn hp (A) c khi lng 12 g
gm Fe , FeO , Fe3O4 , Fe2O3 . Cho (A) td hon ton vi dd HNO3 thy sinh ra 2,24 l kh NO duy nht ktc.
Tnh m . A. 38,72
B. 35,5
C. 49,09
D,10,08
+5

+5

Gii: S mol e do Fe nhng phi bng s mol e do oxi thu ( O2 thu 4e ) v N ca HNO3 thu ( N thu 3e ) :
+3

Qu trnh oxi ha :

Fe
m
mol

56

Fe

56

mol

Qu trnh kh : O 2

+ 3e

+5

+2

2O ;
N + 3e N
12 m
12 m 4
mol
0,3mol 0,1mol
32
32
Ta c: 3 m = 4 12 m + 0,3
Gii ra : m = 10,08g , chn D
56
32
(c th dng cng thc cho nhanh nhng vit qu trnh cho nhn ra s tt hn cho cc em)
+ Cch gii khc nh sau da theo (1) v (2) :
56x +16 y =
x = 0,18 = n
12
Fe
= 0,18.56 = 10, 08 gam

2, 24
+

3x 2 y = 22, 4 = 0, 3

4e

y = 0,12

Fe

3.

K t bi ny s c bi gii theo cch 1 hoc 2 hoc cch 3 s trnh by sau y :

+ Cch 3 : n nhn = 3.nNO = 3. 0,1 nn mFe = 0,7.m xit + 5,6. n nhn = 0,7.12 + 5,6 . 0,3 = 10,08 gam
Cu 38 (H Khi B 2008): Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeO, Fe phn ng ht vi dd HNO3
long d thu c 1,344 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui
khan. Gi tr m l : A. 38,72
B. 35,5
C. 49,09
D,34,36
m hh = mOxit = 11,
36
m Fe
11,36-m Fe
m
m -m

1, 344
.3=
+3.0,06
Gii: Cch 1 : Fe .3= oxit Fe +3n NO
suy
ra
vi
n = 06 22, =4 0,
56
16
56
8

NO

m Fe
8,96
.242=
.242=38,72 , chn A (cch 2 hc sinh t gii )
Vy mFe = 8,96 suy ra m Fe(NO 3 )3 =
56
56
Cu 39: Ha tan han ton 46,4 gam mt oxit kim loi bng dung dch H2SO4 c nng (va ) thu c V lt
kh SO2 (ktc) v 120 gam mui. Xc nh cng thc oxit kim loi v V
A. FeO; 1,12
B. Fe2O3; 2,24
C. Fe3O4;1,12
D. Fe3O4; 2,24
Gii: quy i xit thnh Fe (x mol) v O (y mol) suy ra m (xit) = 56x + 16y = 46,4 (1)
120
n
=
= 0, 3
= 0, 3.2 = 0, 6 = x ; (1) y = 0,8 = n
n
Fe
O
Fe2 ( SO4 )3
400
0,8 4
nFe 0, 6 3
=
=
3x = y.2 + 2nSO
3.0, 6 = 0,8.2 + 2.
nO
(C,D) ,

V
22, 4 V = 2, 24(l) , chn D

Cu 40: Cho m gam Fe chy trong oxi mt thi gian thu c 36 gam cht rn A gm 4 cht. Ha tan A bng
HNO3 d thu c 6,72 lt NO (ktc). Tnh m?
A. 30,24
B. 32,40
C. 24,34
D. 43,20
Gii: quy i xit thnh Fe (x mol) v O (y mol) v s dng (1) v (2)
56x +16 y =
x = 0, 54 = n
36
Fe
= 0, 54.56 = 30, 24 gam , chn A

m
6, 72

3x 2 y =22, 4 = 0, 9
3.

y = 0, 36

Fe

+ Cch khc : n nhn = 3.nNO = 3. 0,3 nn mFe = 0,7.m xit + 5,6. n nhn = 0,7.36 + 5,6 . 0,9 = 30,24 gam
Cu 41 (H Khi B 2007): Nung m gam bt Fe trong oxi thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X. Ha tan ht hn
hp X trong dung dch HNO3(d) thot ra 0,56 lt (ktc) NO (l ssn phm kh duy nht). Ga tr ca m l?
A. 2,52
B. 2,22
C. 2,62
D. 2,32

Gii: quy i xit thnh Fe (x mol) v O (y mol) v s dng (1) v (2)

56x +16 y =
x = 0, 045 = n
3
Fe
= 0, 045.56 = 2, 52 gam , chn A

m
0, 56

3x 2 y =22, 4 = 0, 075
3.

y = 0, 03

Fe

Cu 42: Nung nng 16,8 gam bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian thu c m gam hn hp X gm oxit st
v st d. Ha tan ht hn hp X bng H2SO4 c nng thu c 5,6 lt SO2 (ktc). Ga tr ca m l?
A. 24g
B. 26g
C. 20g
D. 22g
Gii: quy i xit thnh Fe (x mol) v O (y mol) v s dng (1) v (2)

16,8

n =
2.n SO
Fe

= 0, 3 = x ; 3x = 2y + 2n (2) y =

3x

5, 6
3.3 2 22, 4
=

= 0, 2

SO2

56

mhh = mFe + mO = 56x +16 y = 56.0, 3 + 0, 2.16 = 20g , chn C

+ Cch khc : n nhn = 2. n SO2 = 0,5 mol

16,8 5, 6.0,5
= 20 gam
oxit =
0, 7
0, 7
Cu 43: Ha tan 13,92 g Fe3O4 bng dd HNO3 thu c 448 ml kh NxOy (ktc).Xc nh NxOy?
A. NO 13, 92
B. N2O n = 0, 06.3C.NO2 0, 448
D. N2O5
Fe
=
=
0,
06
mol

,
n
=
=
0,
02
mol
Gii: n
Fe O

n = 0, 06.4
232
22, 4

Gi k l gim s xi ha ca kho
mFe = 0,7.m xit + 5,6. n nhn suy ra m

m 5, 6.n
Fe

nhan

+2

3n Fe = 2n O + k.n 3.0,18 = 2.0, 24 + k.0, 02 k = 3

N O , Chn A
Cu 44 (H Khi A 2009): Ha tan hon ton 20,88 gam mt xit st bng dung dch H2SO4 c nng thu
c dung dch X v 3,248 lt kh SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht). C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui
sunfat khan. Gi tr m l :
A. 52,2
B. 54,0
C. 58,0
D. 48,4
Gii: quy i xit thnh Fe (x mol) v O (y mol) v s dng (1) v (2)
56x +16 y =
x = 0, 29 = n
n
20,88
Fe
= Fe .400 = 58 gam , chn C

m
3, 248


3x 2 y = 22, 4 = 0, 29
2.

y = 0,
29

Fe2 (SO 4 )3

Cu 45 (HQGHN 2000): m (g) phoi bo Fe ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian c 12 g cht rn X
gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3. Ha tan ht X trong dung dch H2SO4 , nng c 2,24 lt SO2 (ktc). Gi tr
ca m l: A. 9,52
B. 9,62
C. 9,42
D. 9,72
Gii: quy i xit thnh Fe (x mol) v O (y mol) v s dng (1) v (2)
56x +16 y =
x = 0,17 = n
12
Fe
= 0,17.56 = 9, 52 gam , chn A

m
2, 24

3x 2 y = 22, 4 = 0, 2

y = 0,155

Fe

2.

Cu 46: Nung m gam bt Cu trong oxi thu c 37,6 gam hn hp rn X gm Cu, CuO v Cu2O. Ha tan
hon ton X trong dung dch H2SO4 c, nng (d) thy thot ra 3,36 lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 25,6 gam
B. 32 gam
C. 19,2 gam
D. 22,4 gam
Gii: quy i xit thnh Cu (x mol) v O (y mol) v s dng (1) v (2)
64x +16 y = 37,
x = 0, 5 = n
6

Cu

3, 36
Cu

2x 2 y = 22, 4 = 0, 3
y = 0,
= 0, 5.64 = 32 gam , chn B
2.

35
Cu 47 (H Khi A 2007):Nung m g st trong khng kh, sau mt thi gian ngi ta thu c 104,8 g hh rn

A gm Fe,FeO,Fe2O3 v Fe3O4. Ha tan hon ton A trong HNO3 d thu c dung dch B v 12,096 lt hn
hp kh NO v NO2 (ktc) c t khi so vi He l 10,167. Gi tr m l:
A.72
B.78,4
C.91,28
D, p s khc
Gii: Gi a l s mol NO, b l s mol NO2
30a + 46b
S mol hh kh l : n = a + b = 0, 54 mol , M =
= 10,167.4 30a + 46b = 21, 96
a+b
Ta c : a = 0,18 , b = 0,36 , n nhn = NO +1.n NO2 = 0,18.3 + 0,36.1 = 0,9 mol
3.n
mFe = 0,7.m xit + 5,6. n nhn = 0,7 . 104,8 + 0,9 . 5,6 = 78,4, chn B
Cu 48: Ha tan hon ton 8,64 gam FeO bng dung dch HNO3 th thu c 336 ml kh duy nht (ktc).
Cng thc ca cht kh l:

A. N2

B. NH3

C. N2O

D. NO2

Gii: Cn nh r gim s xi ha tng sn phm kh

n FeO = n Fe = n O = 0,12 mol , gi X l gim s xi ha ca sn phm kh

= 2n + X.n

3n

X=
2n NO

3n Fe

3.012 2.0,12

= 8 N O , Chn C

2
0, 336
22, 4
Cu 49: m gam bt st ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian s chuyn thnh hn hp B gm 4 cht rn c khi
lng 12 gam. Cho hn hp B phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 d thy thot ra 2,24 lt NO (ktc). Tnh m v
khi lng HNO3 phn ng ?
A. 10,08 g v 34,02 g
A. 10,8 g v 34,02 g
C. 10,8 g v 40,32 g
D. 10,08 g v 40,32 g
Fe

spk

n spk

Gii: n nhn = 3.nNO = 3. 2, 24

22, 4

= 0, 3 mol mFe = 0,7.m xit + 5,6. n nhn = 0,7.12 + 5,6 . 0,3 = 10,08 gam

Fe
Fe(NO3)3
0,18
0,18 mol ,
bo ton nguyn t N : n
=n
N/HNO3

+n
= 3.0,18 + 0,1 = 0, 64 mol
m

N/Fe(NO3 )3

N/NO

= 0, 64.63 = 40, 32 g
HNO3

Ta chn D
Cu 50: Cho hn hp gm FeO, CuO, Fe3O4 c s mol 3 cht u bng nhau tc dng ht vi dung dch
HNO3 thu hn hp kh gm 0,09 mol NO2 v 0,05 mol NO . S mol ca mi cht l:
A. 0,12
B. 0,24
C. 0,21
D. 0,36

n Fe = 4
Gii: t

x
x = n FeO = n CuO = n Fe n O
3

= 6x

n = x

Cu

3n Fe + 2n Cu = 2n O + n NO +
2

3.4x + 2.x = 2.6x + 0, 09 + 3.0, 05 x = 0,12 , chn A

3n NO
Cu 51: Cho 22,72 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long d
thu c V lt kh NO duy nht (ktc) v dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c 77,44 gam mui khan.
Gi tr ca V l
A. 4,48.
B. 2,688.
C. 5,6.
D. 2,24.
77, 44
Gii: mui chnh l Fe(NO3)3 : n
3)3

Fe

=
= m Fe
242
0, 32 mol

= n Fe(NO

= 0,
V 32.56 = 17, 92 gam
NO

m O = m hh m O = 22, 72 17, 92 = 4,8 gam n O = 0, 3 mol , 3n Fe = 2n O + VNO = 2, 668 l , chn B

22, 4

Dng 6: Kim loi + Axit (H2SO4c, HNO3) mui + sn phm kh + H2O

+4

+2

+1

-3

Sn phm kh N O 2 , N 2 , N O, N 2 O, N H 4 NO 3 i vi HNO3
+4

-2

S O 2 , H 2 S , S i vi H2SO4c

Mui (kim lai phi ha tr cao nht) v Al, Fe, Cr khng tc dng vi H2SO4 v HNO3 c ngui.

ncho = mol kim loai .hoa

tri

v nnhan

do giam so OXH .nsan pham khu

+ i vi H2SO4 c :
+4

Sp kh
gim s xi ha

nH 2 SO4 = n
S

=n

-2

S O2

H2 S

64=2

6 (-2) = 8

60=6

n
+ nS (trong sp khu) =

SO4

mmuoi = mkimloai + m

SO

(cho/ nhan)

= mkimloai + 96.n

SO

+ nS (trong sp khu)

= mkimloai

(cho/ nhan )

+ 96.

+ i vi HNO3 :
+4

Sp kh
gim s
xi ha

+2

N2

N O2
54=1

+1

N2 O

NO

(5-0).2 = 10

52=3

-3

N H 4 NO 3 (mui)

(5 1).2 = 8

5 (-3) = 8

nHNO = n = n + n (trong sp khu) = n

(trong sp khu)
3
NO3
N
N
(cho/ nhan + nS

=m

m
muoi

+m

kimloai

NO3

=m

kimloai

+ 62.n

=m

NO3

+ 62.
kimloai

(cho / nhan )

Ch : Nu sp kh c NH4NO3 th khi lng mui sau phn ng phi cng thm khi lng ca NH4NO3
Cu 52 (C 2011): Dy gm cc kim loi u tc dng c vi dung dch HCl nhng khng tc dng vi
dung dch HNO3 c , ngui l:
A. Fe, Al, Cr
B. Cu, Fe, Al
C. Fe, Mg, Al
D. Cu, Pb, Ag
Gii: Chn A , HNO3 c ngui khng tc dng Al, Fe, Cr
Cu 53 : Mt hn hp gm hai bt kim loi Mg v Al c chia thnh hai phn bng nhau:
- Phn 1: cho tc dng vi HCl d thu c 3,36 lt H2.
- Phn 2: ho tan ht trong HNO3 long d thu c V lt mt kh khng mu, ho nu trong khng kh
(cc th tch kh u o ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 2,24 lt.
B. 3,36 lt.
C. 4,48 lt.
D. 5,6 lt.
Gii: S mol e kim loi nhng khi tc dng vi HCl v HNO3 nh nhau
( Do 2 kim loi c ha tr khng i ).
+

+5

Nn s mol e H v N nhn bng nhau .

+

2 H

+ 2e
0,3

H2
0,15 mol

+5

+2

N + 3e N
3x
x mol

3x = 0,3 x = 0,1
V = 2,24 lt . chn A
Cu 54 : Cho 1,35 gam hn hp Cu , Mg , Al tc dng vi HNO3 d c 896 ml ( ktc) hn hp gm NO
v

A. 9,41 gam.
B. 10,08 gam.
C. 5,07 gam.
NO2 c M = 42 . Tnh tng khi lng mui nitrat sinh ra (kh ktc).
Gii: nhh kh = 0,04 . a + b = 0,04 v 30a + 46b = 42 . 0,04 = 1,68

D. 8,15 gam.

a = 0,01 = nNO ; b = 0,03 = nNO2

n

= 3.n

nhan

+1.n

NO

= 3.0, 01+ 0, 03.1 = 0, 06 mol

NO2

= mhh kim loi mNO = mhh kim loi + 62.nnhn = 1,35 + 62.0,06 = 5,07 gam. Chn C

m hh mui

+
Cu 55 : Ho tan hon ton 1,805 g hn hp gm kim loi A c ho tr khng i duy nht v Fe bng dung
dch HCl thu c 1,064 lt kh H2 . Khi ho tan 1,805 gam hn hp trn bng dd HNO3 long d thu c
0,896 lt kh NO duy nht(ktc) . Cc kh o cng iu kin . Kim loi A l:
A. Cu
B. Cr
C. Al
D. Mn.
Gii: Hn hp kim loi b ha tan hon ton trong HCl A phi tc dng+ vi HCl .

A
x

A
x

n+

+ ne
nx

2+

Fe Fe + 2e
y
2y

nx + 2y = 0,095 (1) v Ax + 56y = 1,805 (2)

n+

ne
+
nx

3+

Fe Fe + 3e
y
3y

nx
= 0,12
T (1) , (2)
T+(1)3y, (2)
v y =
nx .0,045
(3)
n
1
2
3
0.025 .
A
9
18
27

2 H

+5

+ 2e
0.095

H2
0.0475
+2

N + 3e
N
0,12
0.04
c A = 9n
Ax = 0,405
Chn A = 27 ( Al ) , chn C

Cu 56: Ha tan hon ton 3,6 gam hn hp Al, Fe, Mg bng dd HNO3 thu c 0,01 mol NO; 0,01 mol N2O v
khng c sp kh no khc. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c m (g) mui khan. Tnh m.
A. 10,42
B. 11,42
C. 9,84
D. 12,04
Gii: nnhn=3.0,01 + 8.0,01 =0,11 mmui = mkim loi + mgc axit = 3,6 +0,11.62= 10,42 gam, chn A
Cu 57: Ha tan hon ton hn hp Al, Fe, Mg vo 800ml dung dch HNO3(va ) thu c 0,08 mol NO; 0,06
mol N2O v 0,01 mol N2. Vy nng mol ca dung dch HNO3 l
A. 2M
B. 1,5M
C.1,3M
D.1,8M
Gii: nnhn=3.0,08 + 8.0,06+10.0,01 =0,82
nN(trong sp kh) = 0,08.1 + 0,06.2 + 0,01.2=0,22
1, 04
suy ra nHNO3 = nnhn + nN (trong sp kh) = 0,82 + 0,22 = 1,04 suy ra CM(HNO3)=
0,8 = 1, 3M , chn C
Cu 58: Ha tan hon ton 2,7 gam mt kim loi cha r ha tr vo dd HNO3 d thy thot ra 0,672 lt kh
(ktc) khng mu khng mi khng chy ( sp kh duy nht ). Tm kim loi
A. Al
B. Fe
C. Zn
D. Mg
0, 672 = 0, 03
Gii: Kh khng mu khng mi khng chy l N2 , nN =
, gim s OXH l 10
2
22, 4
Bo ton e : mol kim loi . ha tr (tm t l n) = gim s OXH . s mol sp kh
n=1 M
=9
2,7

.n=10.0,03 M =9.n,
n=2 M =18
, chn A

n=3 M =27
(Al)
Cu 59: Chia m gam Al thnh 2 phn bng nhau :

Phn mt tc dng vi lng d dd NaOH sinh ra x mol kh H2

Phn hai tc dng vi lng d dd HNO3 long sinh ra y mol kh N2O (sp kh duy nht). Quan h gi x v y l :
A. y = 2x
B. x = y
C. x = 4y
D. x = 2y
Gii: s mol Al hai phn bng nhau
Al + NaOH d : n .3=2.n =2.x
Al

Al + dd HNO3 d :

2
2

n Al .3 = 8.n N = 8y
O

Ta c c 2.x = 8.y x = , chn C

4y
Cu 60: Cho 3,6 gam Mg tc dng vi dd HNO3 d sinh ra 2,24 lt kh X (sp kh duy nht ktc). Kh X l :
A. NO
B. N2O
C. NO2
D. N2
Gii: gi X l gim s xi ha ca kh cn tm

3,6

Bo ton e :

24

2,24
.2 = X.

X=3

22,4

N O . Chn A

Cu 61: Cho m gam Al tan hon ton trong dd HNO3, thu c 44,8 lt (ktc) hn hp kh NO, N2O, N2 theo
t l mol 1 : 2 : 2. Gi tr m l
A. 35,1
B. 16,8
C. 140,4
D.2,7
Gii: nhh kh = 44,8 : 22,4 = 2 mol , t t l cho ta t s mol : NO : x mol , N2O : 2x mol , N2 : 2x mol
Nn ta c : x + 2x + 2x = 2 x = 0, 4 mol

n nhan = 3n NO + 8n N2 O

= 3.x + 8.2x +10.2x = 39x = 39.0, 4 = 15, 6 mol

+10n N
Bo ton e :

.3 = 15, 6 m = 140, 4 gam , Chn C

27
Cc em hy c gng thuc gim s xi ha mi kh lm bi tt hn
Cu 62: Khi cho 1,92 gam hn hp X gm Mg v Fe c t l mol 1:3 tc dng hon ton vi HNO3 to ra hn
hp kh gm NO v NO2 c th tch 1,736 lt (ktc). Tnh khi lng mui to thnh v s mol HNO3 phn
ng.
A. 8,074gam v 0,018mol
B. D. 8,4gam v 0,8mol
C. 8,7gam v 0,1mol
D. 8,74 gam v 0,1875mol

Gii: t s mol Mg : x , Fe : 3x mhh = 24.x + 56.3x = 1,92 x = 0,01

t s mol NO : a v NO2 : b nhh kh = 0,0775 = a + b
Bo ton e : 2.x + 3.3x = 3.a + 1.b = 0,11 mol a = 0,01625 ; b =
0,06125
nHNO3 = nnhn + n(N /NO) + n(N/NO2) = 0,11 + 0,01625.1 + 0,06125.1 = 0,1875 mol
mmui = mkim loi + 62.nnhn = 1,92 + 62.0,11 = 8,74 gam , chn D
Cu 63: Ha tan hon ton 11,2 gam Fe vo HNO3 d thu c dung dch A v 6,72 lt (ktc) hn hp kh B
gm NO v mt kh X, vi t l th tch l 1:1. Xc nh kh X?
A. NO
B. N2O
C. NO2
D. N2
Gii: NO v kh X, vi t l th tch l 1 : 1 nn nNO = nX = 0,15 mol . Gi X l gim s xi ha ca kh
11, 2
Bo ton electron :
.3 = 3.0,15 + X .0,15 X = 1 NO 2 , Chn C
56
Cu 64: Ha tan hon ton 19,2g kim loi M trong dung dch HNO3 d thu c 8,96 lt (ktc) hn hp kh gm
NO2 v NO c t l th tch 3:1. Xc nh kim loi M.
A. Fe (56)
B. Cu (64)
C. Al (27)
D. Zn (65)
Gii: NO2 v NO c t l th tch 3:1 nn ta t s mol NO2 : 3x v NO : 1x
nhh kh = 4x = 8,96 /22,4 x = 0,1 mol
19,2
M3.0,1+1.0,
M
Bo ton electron : .n =
3 M = 32n
= 64, n = 2 (Cu) , chn B
Cu 65: Cho 13,5 gam hn hp gm Al v Ag tan trong HNO3 d thu c dung dch A v 4,48 lt hn hp kh
gm (NO,NO2) c khi lng 7,6 gam. Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi.
A. 30 v 70
B. 44 v 56
C. 20 v 80
D. 60 v 40
Gii: t s mol NO l a , NO2 l b

mhh = 30.a + 46.b = 7,6 , nhh = a + b = 0,2 a = b = 0,1 mol

Ta c 13,5 gam hn hp gm Al : x mol v Ag : y mol 27x + 108y = 13,5 gam
Bo ton electron : 3x + 1y = 3.a + 1.b = 0,4 x = y = 0,1 mol
27.0,1
Ag
Nn %m Al = %m 13,
.100
5 = 20%
= 80% , chn C
Cu 66: Cho 3 gam hn hp gm Cu , Ag tan ht trong dung dch gm HNO3 v H2SO4 thu 2,94 gam hn hp 2

kh NO2 v SO2 c th tch 1,344 lt (ktc). Tnh % khi lng mi kim loi?
A. 30 v 70
B. 44 v 56
C. 20 v 80
46a + 64b = 2,
94
a = 0, 05

Gii:
NO
:
a
mol
v
SO
:
b
mol

1, 344
2
2

0,
06
a
b b
0, 01
+ =
==
22, 4

D. 64 v 36

Cho Bo
3 gam
hn
hp gm
:x=
mol
: y=mol
108y
gam
ton
electron
: 2xCu
+03
1y
1.a, +Ag2.b
0,07
64x
x = +0,03
v=y3=
64.0,
0,01
mol
Nn %m Cu =
.100 = 64% = 36% , chn D
%m
Ag
Cu 67: Trn 60g bt Fe3 vi 30g lu hunh ri un nng (khng c kkh ) thu c cht rn A. Ho tan A
bng dd axit HCl d c dd B v kh C. t chy C cn V lt O2 (ktc). Tnh V, bit cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton.
A. 32,928 lt
B. 33 lt
C. 34 lt
D. 35 lt
30
Gii: nFe > nS =
. nn Fe d v S ht
32
+
+
Kh C l hh H2 v H2S . t chy C thu c SO2 v H2O . H nhn e to H2 , sau H-2 nhng e to li H
.
Do : Trong phn ng c th coi ch c Fe v S nhng e , cn O2 nhn e .
+2

+4

Fe
Fe + 2e
S
S + 4e
O2 + 4e
2O

60
60
30
30
mol
2
mol
mol
4
mol
xmol
4x mol
56
56
32
32
60
30
Theo nh lut bo ton electron : 2
+ 4
= 4x x = 1,47
56
32
O2V = 32,928 lt, chn A
Cu 68: Th tch dd FeSO4 0,5M cn thit phn ng va vi 100ml dd cha KMnO4 0,2M v K2Cr2O7
0,1M mi trng axit l :
A. 160 ml
B. 320 ml
C. 80 ml
D. 640 ml
Gii : Ta c : n KMnO = 0,02
n K Cr O = 0,01
4

+2

3+

Fe Fe +
1e
x mol
x mol

+7

+2

Mn + 5e

0,02 V0,1

x = 0,1 + 0,06 = 0,16

Mn

+6

2 Cr + 6e 2 Cr
0,02

FeSO
4

+3

0,06

= 0,32 lt = 320 ml, chn B

Cu 69: Ha tan m gam Al trong dung dch HNO3 long sau phn ng thu c 0,896 lt hn hp kh NO v
N2O (ktc) c t khi so vi hiro bng 16,75. Khi lng mui khan thu c sau phn ng l :
A. 12,07 gam
B. 12,78 gam
C. 10,65 gam
D. 14,91 gam.
a + b = 0, 04
a = 0, 03
Gii: NO : a mol v N2O : b mol

30a + 44b = 16, 75.2.0, b

= 0, 01

04
m
17
Bo ton e :
27 03 + 8.0, 01 m = 1, 53 gam Al = n Al ( NO3 3) =
mol
.3 =n 3.0,
300
m mui = 17:300 . 213 = 12,07, chn A
Cu 70: Ha tan hon ton 14,8g hh (Fe, Cu) vo lng d dung dch hn hp HNO3 v H2SO4 c, nng.
Sau phn ng thu c 10,08 lt NO2 v 2,24(l) SO2 (ktc). Khi lng ca Fe trong hn hp ban u l:

A. 5,6

B. 8,4
C. 18,0
56x + 64 y = 14,8
x = 0,15

10, 08
2, 24
1.
2 y
Gii: Fe : x mol , Cu : y mol

0,1
3x +
2y =
+
22, 4 = 22, 4

mFe = 56x = 8, 4 gam , chn B

D. 18,2

Cu 71: Ha tan 5,6g Fe bng dung dch H2SO4 long d th thu c dd X . Dung dch X phn ng va
v i Vml dd KMnO4 0,5M . Gi tr ca V l :
A. 20ml
B. 40ml
C. 60ml
D. 80ml
Gii: nFe = 0,1 mol
Fe

Fe

2+

+ 2e

Fe

2+

Fe2+ + 1e

+7

Mn

+ 5e

+2

Mn

0,1 mol

0,1 mol

0,1 mol

0,1 mol

Theo nh lut bo ton electron : 5x = 0,1 x = 0,02 mol

x mol

5x mol

V = 40 ml , chn B

Cu 72: Ho tan hon ton 1,2 gam kim loi M vo dung dch HNO3 d thu c 0,224 lt kh N2 ktc (sn
phm kh duy nht). M l kim loi no di y?
A. Zn
B. Al
C. Ca
D. Mg
Gii: gi n l ha tr kim loi
1,2
0, 224
Bo ton elctron :
n = 10.
M = 12n M = 24, n = 2 Mg , ta chn D
M
22, 4
Cu 73: Cho 9,72 gam kim loi M phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long thu c 0,672 lt kh NO (ktc).
Kim loi M dng l :
A. Cu
B. Mg
C. Fe
D. Ag.
Gii: gi n l ha tr kim loi
9, 72
0, 672
Bo ton elctron :
n = 3.
M = 108n M = 108, n = 1 Ag , ta chn D
M
22, 4
Cu 74: Ha tan hon ton 16,2g mt kim loi ha tr III bng dung dch HNO3,thu c 5,6 lt (kc) hn
hp X gm NO v N2. Bit t khi hi ca X so vi kh oxi bng 0,9. Xc nh tn kim loi em dng?
A. Al
B. Fe
C.Cu
D.Na
Gii:
NO
:
x
mol
,
N
:
y
mol
0, 56 2

n =x+ y=
= 0,
x = 0,1
25

22, 4

hh

m = 30x + 28 y = 0, 9.32.0,
0,15
y=
25
hh
16, 2
M
Bo ton electron : , chn
3 =A3.0,1+10.0,15
M = 27 Al
Cu 75: Ho tan 8,1 gam kim loi M bng dung dch HNO long thy c 6,72 lt kh NO duy nht ( ktc)thot
3
ra. M l kim loi: A. Al
B. Cu
C. Fe
D. Mg
Gii: gi n l ha tr kim loi
8,1
6, 72
Bo ton elctron :
n = 3.
M = 9n M = 27, n = 3 Al , ta chn A
M
22, 4
Dng : To mui NH4NO3 (du hiu nhn bit : tao bo ton electron 2 v khng bng nhau nn phi
c thm mui NH4NO3 v gii li bi ton vi x l s mol NH4NO3 ) (cu 76 v cu 77 )
Cu 76 (H Khi B 2008) : Cho 2,16 gam Mg tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 (d). Sau khi phn ng xy
ra hon ton thu c 0,896 lt kh NO ( ktc) v dung dch X. Khi lng mui khan thu c khi lm
bay hi dung dch X l A. 13,32 gam.
B. 6,52 gam.
C. 8,88 gam.
D. 13,92 gam.
Gii: nMg = 0,09 mol , nNO = 0,04 mol
Bo ton e : 0,09. 2 0,04.3 nn c to mui NH4NO3 : x mol
Bo ton e khi c mui NH4NO3 : 0,09.2 = 0,04.3 + 8.x x = 0,0075 mol
Mg Mg(NO3)2
0,09
0,09 mol
m mui = mMg ( NO ) + mNH 4 NO3 = 0, 09.148 + 0, 0075.80 = 13, 92 gam , chn D
3 2
Cu 77 (H Khi A 2009): Ho tan hon ton 12,42 gam Al bng dung dch HNO3 long (d), thu c

dung dch X v 1,344 lt ( ktc) hn hp kh Y gm hai kh l N2O v N2. T khi ca hn hp kh Y so

vi kh H2 l 18. C cn dung dch X, thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l

A. 38,34.
B. 34,08.
C. 106,38.
Gii:
n
=
0,46
mol,
N
O
:
a
mol
,
N
:
b
mol
Al
2
1, 344 2

n =a+b=
= 0, 06

a = b = 0, 03 mol
22, 4

D. 97,98.

hh

m = 44a + 28b = 2.18.0, 06

Bo ton e : 0,46. 3 8.0,03 + 10.0,03 nn c to mui NH4NO3 : x mol
Bo ton e khi c mui NH4NO3 : 0,46. 3 = 8.0,03 + 10.0,03 + 8.x x = 0,105 mol
Al Al(NO3)3
0,46
0,46 mol
m mui = mAl ( NO ) + mNH NO = 0, 46.213 + 0,105.80 = 106, 38 gam , chn C
4
3
3 3
Cu 78: Cho 1,35 g hn hp gm Cu , Mg , Al tc dng ht vi dung dch HNO3 thu c hn hp kh gm
0,01 mol NO vo 0,04 mol NO2. Khi lng mui to ra trong dung dch l :
A. 3,45g
B. 4,35g
C. 5,69g
D. 6,59g
+5

+2

+5

+4

Gii : N + 3e N
N + 1e N
0,03 mol
0,01 mol
0,04 mol
0,04 mol

n nhn = 0,03 + 0,04 = 0,07 = s mol gc NO3 trong mui

Khi lng hh mui = m kim loi + m NO3 trong mui = 1,35 + 62 . 0,07 = 5,69g , chn C
Cu 79 : Cho hn hp gm 0,15 mol CuFeS2 v 0,09 mol Cu2FeS2 tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 d thu c
dung dch X v hn hp kh Y gm NO v NO2. Thm BaCl2 d vo dung dch X thu c m gam kt ta.
Mt khc, nu thm Ba(OH)2 d vo dung dch X, ly kt ta nung trong khng kh n khi lng khng i
thu c a gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m v a l:
A. 111,84g v 157,44g

B. 111,84g v 167,44g

C. 112,84g v 157,44g

D. 112,84g v 167,44g

Gii: Ta c bn phn ng:

CuFeS2
0,15

2+

3+

Cu + Fe + 2SO4
0,15
0,15
0,3
2+

3+

Cu2FeS2
2Cu + Fe + 2SO4
0,09
0,18
0,09
0,18
2+
n 2 = 0,48 mol;
Ba + SO42 BaSO4
SO4
nCu = 0,33 mol; nFe = 0,24 mol.

0,48

m = 0,48 233 = 111,84 gam.

0,48

Cu CuO
0,33 0,33

2Fe Fe2O3
0,24
0,12

a = 0,33 80 + 0,12 160 + 111,84 = 157,44 gam. Chn A

Dng 7: Phn ng Nhit Luyn
Al
Al O

CO

CO 2

kim
2

, iu
ki
n loi
:
kim

> Al

xit kim loi +

H 2

CO hay CO
H O
2

Quy i xit = kim loi + O Cng

n O (trong Oxit) = n CO = n CO = n H O = n H = n (H
2

,CO)

Cu 80 (H Khi A 2009): Cho lung kh CO (d) i qua 9,1 gam hn hp gm CuO v Al2O3 nung nng
n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 8,3 gam cht rn. Khi lng CuO c trong hn hp ban u l
A. 0,8 gam. B. 8,3 gam. C. 2,0 gam. D. 4,0 gam.
Gii: mO = 9,1 8,3 = 0,8 (g) nO = nCuO = 0,05(mol)
mCuO = 0,05.80 = 4 (g) ,
Chn D
Cu 81 : Dy cc xit b CO kh nhit cao l :
A. CuO, FeO, ZnO, MgO
B. CuO, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, Al2O3
C. Na2O, CaO, MgO, Al2O3
D. ZnO, PbO, CuO, Fe2O3
Gii: xit kim loi tham gia p nhit luyn phi ng sau Al nn ta loi cc xit ca kim loi Na, Ca, Al, Mg.
Chn D
Cu 82 : Kh hon ton 6,64 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 cn dng va 2,24 lt CO (ktc). Khi
lng Fe thu c l bao nhiu ?
A. 5,4 gam
B. 5,04 gam
C.2,24 gam
D. 3,84 gam
2, 24
= 0,1 m O = 0,1.16 = 1,6 (gam)
Gii: xit kim loi = Fe + O , n O (trong oxit) = n CO =
22, 4
Suy ra mFe = mxit - mO = 6,64 1,6 = 5,04 gam. Ta chn B
Cu 83 : Kh hon ton 6,4 gam hn hp gm CuO v Fe2O3 bng kh H2 thy to ra 1,8 gam H2O. Khi lng
hn hp kim loi thu c sau phn ng l :
A. 4,5 gam
B. 4,8 gam
C. 4,9 gam
D. 5,2 gam
Gii: xit kim loi = hn hp kim loi + O
1,8
= 6, 4 1, 6 = 4,8 g . Ta chn B
= 0,1 m =0,1.16=1,6 (gam)
n =n =

m
O

H 2O

18

kim loai

Cu 84 : Cho V lt hn hp kh (ktc) gm CO v H2 phn ng vi mt lng d hn hp rn gm CuO v

Fe3O4 nung nng. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thy khi lng hn hp rn gim 0,32 gam. Tnh V.
A. 0,448
B. 0,112
C. 0,224
D. 0,560
Gii: Khi lng hn hp rn gim 0,32 gam = khi lng xi trong xit tham gia phn ng
0, 32
V =V=0, 02.22, 4 = 0, 448 . Ta chn A
n =
=0,02 = n
O
(H 2 ,CO)
(H 2 ,CO)
16
Cu 85 : Kh hon ton a gam mt xit st bng CO nhit cao ngi ta thu c 14,56 gam Fe v 8,736
lt CO2 (ktc). Vy cng thc xit st l :
A. FeO
B. Fe3O4
C.Fe2O3
D. Fe2O3 hoc Fe3O4
14,56
8,736
0, 26 2
n
n
=
=0,26,
n
(oxit)=n
=
=0,39,
=
=
Fe
Gii:
. Ta chn C
O
CO 2
Fe
22,4
n O 0, 39 3
56
Cu 86 (H Khi A 2010) : Cho m gam hn hp bt X gm ba kim loi Zn, Cr, Sn c s mol bng nhau
tc dng ht vi lng d dung dch HCl long, nng thu c dung dch Y v kh H2. C cn dung dch Y
thu c 8,98 gam mui khan. Nu cho m gam hn hp X tc dng hon ton vi O2 (d) to hn hp 3
oxit th th tch kh O2 (ktc) phn ng l
A. 2,016 lt.
B. 0,672 lt.
C. 1,344 lt.
D. 1,008 lt.
Gii : 3 kim loi trn khi phn ng vi HCl long nng u b oxi ha thnh s oxi ha +2. Cn khi tc dng O2, Zn t
+2, Cr to +3, Sn to +4.
65 + 52 + 119
- Gi s mol mi kim loi l a (mol) th: mMCl = 3a.(
+ 71) = 8,98 => a = 0,02 .
2
3
2.0, 02 + 3.0, 02 + 4.0, 02
- Bo ton (e) cho qu trnh tc dng O2: nO 2 =
= 0, 045(mol) 1, 008(lit)
4
Chn D

Cu 87 (C 2009) : Kh hon ton mt xit st X nhit cao cn va V lt CO ( ktc), sau phn

ng thu c 0,84 gam Fe v 0,02 mol kh CO2. Cng thc X v gi tr V ln lt l :

A. FeO v 0,224
B. Fe2O3 v 0,448
C. Fe3O4 v 0,448
D. Fe3O4 v 0,224
Gii: nO (trong xit) = nCO = nCO2 = 0,02 mol ; nFe = 0,015 mol
n Fe 0, 015 3
, V = 0,02.22,4 = 0,448 lt, chn C
=
=
3 4
Fe O
nO
0, 02 4
Cu 88 (C 2011): t chy hon ton 17,4 gam hn hp Mg v Al trong kh oxi (d) thu c 30,2 gam
hn hp oxit. Th tch kh oxi (ktc) tham gia phn ng l:
A. 17,92 lt
B. 4,48 lt
C. 11,20 lt
D. 8,96 lt
1
30,
2
17,
4
= 0,8 mol
= 0,8.22, 4 = 17, 92 lit , chn A
Gii: n = n = moxit mkl =
V
O2
O2
O
16
16
2
Cu 89 : Thi lng kh CO d i qua ng ng hn hp hai xit Fe3O4 v CuO nung nng n khi phn ng
xy ra hon ton thu c 2,32 gam hn hp kim loi. Kh thot ra c a vo bnh ng dung dch
Ca(OH)2 d thy c 5 gam kt ta trng. Khi lng hn hp hai xit kim loi ban u l :
A. 3,12 gam
B. 3,21 gam
C. 4 gam
D. 4,2 gam
=
nCaCO = n = n = 0, 05 mol
Gii: Do Ca(OH)2 d nn ta lun c : nCO
2

CO

m xit = m kim loi + mO = 2,32 + 16.0,05 = 3,12 gam , chn A

Cu 90 (s dng quy i xit = kim loi + O): Cho 2,13 gam hn hp X gm ba kim loi Mg, Cu v Al
dng bt tc dng hon ton vi oxi thu c hn hp Y gm cc oxit c khi lng 3,33 gam. Th tch
dung dch HCl 2M va phn ng ht vi Y l
A. 50 ml.
B. 57 ml.
C. 75 ml.
D. 90 ml.
3, 33 2,13

m
m
= 0,8 mol , n = n = 2.n = 0,15 mol
kim loai =
Gii: n = oxit
O
HCl
O
H+
16
16
0,15
V =
= 0, 075 lit = 75 ml ,
chn C
HCl

2
Cu 91 (s dng quy i xit = kim loi + O): t chy hon ton 26,8 g hn hp 3 kim loi Fe, Al, Cu thu
c 41,4 g hn hp 3 oxit. Th tch dung dch H2SO4 1M cn dng ha tan va hn hp oxit trn l
A. 1,8250 lt.
B. 0,9125 lt.
C. 3,6500 lt.
D. 2,7375 lt
0, 9125
41, 4 26,8

m
m
V =
= 0, 9125 lt
kim loai =
= 0, 9125 mol =
Gii: n = oxit
n
O
H 2SO4
H 2SO 4
16
16
1
Ta chn B
Cu 92 : Cho 31,9 gam hn hp Al2O3, ZnO, FeO, CaO tc dng ht vi CO d nung nng thu c 28,7
gam hn hp Y. Cho Y tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c V lt H2(ktc). Th tch H2 l:
A . 5,6 lt
B. 6,72 lt
C. 4,48 lt
D. 11,2 lt
Gii: Khi lng nguyn t xi = gim khi lng cht rn
mO = 31,9 28,7 = 3,2 gam nO = n H2 = n CO = 0, 2 mol V = 0, 2.22, 4 = 4, 48 lit , chn C
Cu 93 : Cho V lt (ktc) kh H2 i qua bt CuO un nng c 32 gam Cu. Nu cho V lt H2 i qua bt FeO
un nng th lng Fe thu c l :
A. 24 gam
B. 26 gam
C. 28 gam
D. 30 gam
32
= 0, 5 mol
= 56.0, 5 = 28 gam , chn C
Gii: n = n = n =
m
H

Cu

Fe

Fe

2
64
Cu 94 : Cho 34,8 gam hn hp gm xit v mui cacbonat ca kim loi km R. Ha tan ht hn hp trn

bng mt lng va dung dch cha 0,6 mol HCl. Tn kim loi R l :
A. Na
B. K
C. Li
D. Cs
Gii: R 2 O + 2HCl 2RCl + H 2O ; R 2 CO3 + 2HCl
+ CO2
2RCl + H 2 O
Qua hai phng trnh ta thy s mol HCl = 2 ln tng s mol hn hp nn thay hn hp bng 1 cht c s
34,8
mol l 0,3 M =
= 116 2R +16 < M < 2R + 60 28 < R < 50 l K (39), chn B
0, 3

Dng 8: Ha tan hon ton (K, Na, Ca, Ba) + H2O dd kim ( cha ion OH

)+
+e

H 2O

OH

Ta c pt ion sau :

H2

= n
n
OH 2. H
+ H2
2
m =m
+m
1

[
Dung dch sau phn ng trung ha bi axit th

ran

kim loai

OH

n H+ =n OH-

Cu 95 (H khi B 2007): Cho mt mu hp kim Na-Ba tc dng vi nc (d) thu c dung dch X v
3,36 lt H2 ktc. Th tch dung dch H2SO4 2M cn dung trung ha dd X l
A. 60ml
B. 30ml
C. 75ml
D. 150ml
+

Gii: H O

OH

2.n

= 2.

3, 36

= 0, 3

n
OH

H2

22, 4

Gi th tch dung dch H2SO4 2M l V H + =2.n H 2SO 4 = 2.2.V=4V

n
Dung dch sau phn ng trung ha bi axit th
n H + = nOH- 4V = 0,3 V = 0,075 lit = 75 ml , chn C
Cu 96 : Cho a (g) hh Na, K, Ca tc dng vi nc (d) thu c dung dch X v 0,224 lt H2 ktc. Th tch
dung dch H2SO4 0,1M cn dung trung ha dd X l
A. 0,15 lt
B. 0,1 lt
C. 0,12 lt
D. 0,20 lt
Gii: gi V l th tch cn tm
3, 36
n H = n OH = 2.nH V.2.2 = 2.
V = 0,1 lt, chn B
22, 4
Cu 97 : Ha tan ht mu hp kim K-Ba vo nc thu c dung dch X v 0,224 lt H2 ktc. trung ha
hon ton 1/10 dung dch X trn cn bao nhiu lt dd HCl pH = 2 ?
A. 0,2
B. 0,19
C. 0,18
D. 0,16
0, 224
+
2
= 2.nH = 2.
Gii: gi V l th tch cn tm n
= 0, 02 mol, [H ] = 10 M
OH
22, 4
2
1/10 dung dch X = 0, 002 mol
=
10 .V = 0, 002 V = 0, 2 lt, chn A
n
n
n
+

OH

OH

Cu 98 : Cho hh Na, K, Ca vo nc thu c dung dch A v V (lt) kh H2 ktc. Trung ha 1/3 dung dch A
cn 200ml dung dch hn hp HNO3 0,1M v H2SO4 0,5M. Tm V.
A. 7,25
B. 7,392
C. 7,27
D. 7,28
V
V
= 2n = 2
=
Gii: dung dch X : n
H2
OH
22, 4 11, 2
V
= n + = 0,1.1.0, 2 + 0, 5.0, 2.2 V = 7, 392 , chn B
1 / 3 dung dch X : n =
OH
33, 6 H
0
Cu 99 : Ha tan mt mu hp kim Ba Na vo nc c dung dch X v 7,392 lt kh (27,3 C, 1 atm).
Th tch dung dch HCl 0,2 M cn dng trung ha ht dung dch X l :
A. 2 lt
B. 1,5 lt
C. 3 lt
D. 2,5 lt

Gii: n H 2

1.1, 792
PV
= RT = 0, 082.(273 + 27, = 0, 3 mol ,
3)

= 2.nH 2 = 0, 6 mol VHCl = 0, 6 : 0, 2 = 3 lt Ta chn C

Cu 100 : Ha tan hon ton mt lng gm 2 kim loi kim vo nc thu c 200ml dung dch A v 1,12 lt
H2 (ktc). Tnh pH ca dung dch A.
A. 12
B. 11,2
C. 13,1
D. 13,7
14
n

= nHCl = n

OH

Gii: dung dch A : n

OH

0,1
+
= 2nH = 0,1 mol; [OH ] =
= 0, 5M [H ] = 2.1014
2
10
=
0, 2
0, 5

Nn pH = log[H ] = 13, 7 , chn D

Cu 101 : Cho m gam hn hp X gm Na Ba tc dng vi nc thu c dung dch Y v 3,36 lt H2 (ktc).

Th tch dung dch axit HNO3 2M cn dng trung ha lng dung dch Y l
A. 0,15 lt
B. 0,3 lt
C. 0,075 lt
D. 0,1 lt
3, 36
Gii: n = 2.nH 2 = 2.
= 0,3 mol
OH
22, 4
dung dch Y n OH
chn C

0,3 =0,15 mol n H+ = nHNO3 = nOH

= 2

V .1.2 = 0,15 V =

= 75 ml ,

0, 075 l
+

Dng 9: Cho Cu vo dung dch hn hp cha cc ion (H , NO3 ) NO

hoc v d nh phn ng ca Cu kim loi vi hn hp dung dch NaNO3 v dung dch H2SO4 l

2+

3Cu + 8H + 2NO3 3Cu + 2NO

+ 4H2O
3+
Dung dch Cu phn ng c th cha nhiu axit nhng nu c ion Fe th cn ch ti phn ng gia Cu v

n
Cu
n n + n
n
H sau lp t s Cu , H , NO3 v sau ta s mol ca cht hay ion c t s nh
3+
Fe Cn tnh
+

n NO3

nht vo v tnh V(NO)

Cu 102(C 2011): nhn ra ion NO3 trong dung dch Ba(NO3)2, ngi ta un nng nh dung dch
vi:
A. dung dch H2SO4 long
B. kim loi Cu v dung dch Na2SO4
C. kim loi Cu v dung dch H2SO4 long
D. kim loi Cu
Gii: Chn C (xem trong phng php)
Cu 103 (H Khi B 2007): Khi cho Cu tc dng vi dung dch cha H2SO4 long v NaNO3. Vai tr ca
NaNO3 trong phn ng l?
A. Cht xc tc
B. Cht oxi ha
C. Mi trng
D. Cht kh
Gii: Vai tr ca NaNO3 trong phn ng l cht xi ha , chn B
+
2+
Cu 104 : Xem phn ng: a Cu + b NO3 + c H d Cu + e NO + f H2O

Tng s cc h s (a + b + c + d + e + f) nguyn, nh nht, phn ng trn cn bng, l:

A. 18
B. 20
C. 22
D. 24

+
2+
Gii: 3Cu + 8H + 2NO3 3Cu + 2NO
+ 4H2O, tng h s = 22
Cu 105 (H Khi A 2008): Cho 3,2 gam bt ng tc dng vi 100ml dung dch hn hp gm HNO3 0,8M
v H2SO4 0,2 M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c V lt NO duy nht (ktc). Gi tr V l
A. 0,448ml
B. 1,792
C. 0,672
D. 0,746
| nH + = 0,12
3, 2
= 0, 05;
= 0,8.0,1 = 0, 08; nH = 0, 2.0,1 = 0, 02 = 0, 08
Gii: nCu =
nHNO

SO
64
n

3
2
4
[NO
+

3C u + 8H + 2N O 3

2+

0,12

3C u

+ 2N O 2 + 4H 2 O


0,
03

Vy V(NO) = V = 0,03.22,4 = 0,672 . Chn C

0 , 05 0 , 12 0 , 08
+
3
8
2 tinh theo H
Cu 106 (H Khi B 2007): Thc hin hai th nghim :
Th nghim 1 : Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80ml dung dch HNO3 1M thot ra V1 lt kh NO duy nht
Th nghim 2 : Cho 3,84 gam Cu phn ng vi 80ml dung dch cha HNO3 1M v H2SO4 0,5M thy thot ra
V2 lt kh NO duy nht (ktc). Mi quan h gia V1 v V2 l :
A. V1 = V2
B. V2 = 2V1
C. V2 = 2,5V1
D. V2 = 1,5V1

3,84

=
= 0,06 mol

Gii: TN1: Cu
64

n HNO3 += 0,08 mol

3Cu + 8H + 2NO3
Ban u :0,06

0,08

H+

= 0,08 mol
= 0,08 mol

NO3

n
n

2+
3Cu + 2NO + 4H2O

0,08 mol

H phn ng ht

Phn ng: 0,03 0,08 0,02

0,02 mol
V1 tng ng vi 0,02 mol NO.
= 0,04 mol. Tng: n
TN2: nCu = 0,06 mol ; n
= 0,08 mol ; n
mol ;
HNO3

H 2SO4

3Cu + 8H + 2NO3
Ban u:

0,06

0,16

3Cu

0,08 mol

= 0,16

2+

+ 2NO

= 0,08 mol.

NO3

+ 4H2O

Cu v H phn ng ht

Phn ng:
0,06 0,16 0,04

0,04 mol
V2 tng ng vi 0,04 mol NO.
Nh vy V2 = 2V1. Chn B
Cu 107 (H Khi B 2010): Cho 0,3 mol bt Cu v 0,6 mol Fe(NO3)2 vo dung dch cha 0,9 mol H2SO4
(long). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c V lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc). Gi
tr ca V l
A. 6,72
B. 8,96
C. 4,48
D. 10,08
+

2+

3Cu + 8H + 2NO3 3Cu + 2NO 2+ 4H O

0,3 0,8
0,2
0, 2 mol
VNO = (0,2 + 0,2).22,4 = 8,96 lt ,chn B
3Fe

2+

3+

+ 4H + NO3 3Fe + NO 2+

2H O
0,6 0,8
0,2
0, 2 mol
Cu 108 : Ha tan ht 3,6 gam FeO bng HNO3 long, va . Thm H2SO4 long d vo dung dch sau phn
ng thu c mt dng dch c th ha tan ti a m gam bt Cu v to ra V lt NO (ktc). Gi tr m v V ln
lt l :
A. 16 gam v 3,36 lt
B. 14,4 gam v 3,36 lt
C. 1,6 gam v 3,36 lt
D. 16 gam v 4,48 lt
Gii : FeO
H
NO
3
33
Fe(NO )
0,05
0,05 mol

3+
+
Thm H2SO4 long d. Dung dch cha cc tc nhn ca phnng Cu l Fe , H , NO3
3+
2+
2Fe + Cu
2Fe +
2+
Cu

0,05

0,025 mol

3Cu + 8H
0,225

+ 2NO3

2+

3Cu

+ 2NO

+ 4H2O

0,15

0,015 mol
mCu = 0,25. 56 = 16 gam , V = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36, chn A

Cu 109 (C 2010): Cho a gam Fe vo 100 ml dung dch hn hp gm HNO3 0,8M v Cu(NO3)2 1M. Sau
+5
khi phn ng xong c kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht ca N v 0,92a gam hn hp kim loi. Gi tr a
l :
A. 11,0
B. 11,2
C. 8,4
D. 5,6
n 2+ = 0,1 mol
Cu
Gii : H+ = 0, 08 mol
n

n - = 0, 28 mol
[ NO3
2+
Kim loi cn d nn Fe+ b chuyn v Fe :

3Fe + 8H

+ 2NO

3Fe

2+

+ 2NO

+ 4H2O

0,03
Fe
0,1

0,08
+

2+

Cu
0,1

0,02

Fe

2+

+ Cu

0,1

Nn : a 56.(0,03 + 0,1) + 64.0,1 = 0,92a a = 11, chn A

Cu 110 : Ha tan 1,28 gam Cu vo 50ml dung dch hn hp H2SO4 0,1M v NaNO3 0,5M thu c a mol kh
NO dung nht. Tnh a ? A. 0,0025
B.0,0133
C. 0,025
D. 0,032

n Cu = 0, 02 mol

Gii :
= 0, 01 mol
n H
nNO = 0, 025 mol
[
+

3Cu + 8H

2+

3Cu

+ 2NO3

+ 2NO

+ 4H2O

Ban
0,01
0,025
moldung dch cha HNO 0,3M v H SO 0,1M. n khi phn ng kt
Cu u
111:: 0,02
Cho 0,09 mol
Cu vo
400ml
3
2
4
0,0025 mol , chn A
Phn
ngtch kh NO duy
0,01nht thot ra (ktc)
thc, th
l
A. 0,672 lt
B. 0,896 lt
C. 1,344 lt
D. 1,12 lt

n Cu = 0, 09 mol

Gii :
= 0, 2 mol
n H
nNO = 0,12 mol

[
+
3Cu + 8H + 2NO3
Ban u : 0,09
0,2
0,12 mol
+

2+

+ 2NO

+ 4H2O

3Cu

Phn ng
0,2
V = 0,05.22,4 = 1,12 lt , chn D

0,05 mol

Cu 112 : Ha tan 12,8 gam Cu vo 200ml dung dch hn hp H2SO4 1M v KNO3 0,5M. Th tch kh NO duy
nht ktc l : A. 2,24 lt
B. 2,99 lt
C. 4,48 lt
D.11,2 lt

n Cu = 0, 2 mol

Gii :
= 0, 4 mol
n H
+

n
[

NO 3-

= 0,1 mol

2+

3Cu + 8H
Ban u : 0,2

0,4

+ 2NO3

3Cu

+ 2NO

+ 4H2O

0,1 mol

Phn ng
0,4

0,1 mol
V = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 lt , chn A
Cu 113 : Cho 1,92 gam Cu vo 100 ml dung dch cha ng thi KNO3 0,16M v H2SO4 0,4M thy sinh ra
mt cht kh c t khi hi so vi H2 l 15. Th tch kh ktc l :
A. 0,672 lt

n Cu = 0, 03 mol

B. 1,446 lt

C. 0,3584 lt

D. 0,4568 lt

Gii :

= 0, 08 mol v Kh c M = 15.2 = 30 l NO

n H
+

n
[

NO 3-

= 0, 016 mol

2+

3Cu + 8H
Ban u : 0,03

0,08

+ 2NO3

3Cu

+ 2NO

+ 4H2O

0,016 mol

Phn ng
0,016

0,016 mol
V = 0,016.22,4 = 0,3584 lt , chn C
Cu 114 : Cho 1,12 gam Cu vo 50 ml dung dch cha ng thi KNO3 0,16M v H2SO4 0,1M thy c kh

+5

2+

NO ( sn phm kh duy nht ca s kh N ) bay ra. kt ta ton b Cu trong dung dch sau phn ng
cn ti thiu bao nhiu lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M.
A. 0,07 lt
B. 0,015 lt
C. 0,064 lt
D. 0,048 lt

n Cu = 0, 0175 mol

Gii :
= 0, 01 mol
n H
nNO = 0, 008 mol
[
+
3Cu
+
8H
+

n OH

2+

+ 2NO

3Cu
0,0025 mol
0,00375

2NO3

0,00375
0,01
= 2 nCu 2+ = 0, 0075 mol nn V = 0,0075 : 0,5 = 0,015 lt , Chn B
2

+
Dng 10: Cho dd chc ion H vo dung dch cha CO3 , HCO3
+

Yu cu : tnh s mol ca cc ion sau H , CO3

+

, HCO
( nu c thm HCO3 t gi thuyt )
3

2-

+ u tin s c phn ng H + CO HCO

3
3
+
+ Sau nu H cn d mi xy ra tip phn ng sau : H + + HCO -
CO
3

+ 4H2O

23

+H O
2

Vy : nu c kh thot ra th CO ht v nu khng c kh thot ra th H ht

-

Nu bi ton hi ngc li : cho CO

23

vo dung dch cha H th ch c 1 phn ng duy nht

2-

2H + CO3 CO 2 + H 2 O
Cu 115 (H Khi A 2009):Dung dch X cha hn hp gm Na2CO3 1,5M v KHCO3 1M. Nh t t tng
git cho n ht 200 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100 ml dung dch X, sinh ra V lt kh ( ktc). Gi tr ca V l
A. 4,48.
B. 1,12.
C. 2,24.
D. 3,36.
2Gii: n (Na2CO3) = 0,1.1,5 = 0,15 mol = n (CO3 )
n (KHCO3) = 0,1.1 = 0,1 mol = n ( HCO3 )
+
n (HCl) = 0,2.1 = 0,2 mol
= n (H 2-)
+
H
+ CO3
HCO3
+ u tin s c phn ng
0,15 0,15 0,15
-

vy tng s mol HCO l 0,15 + 0,1 = 0,25 mol

3
+
+ Sau

do
H
cn
d
(
0,02
0,15 = 0,05 mol ) nn xy ra tip phn ng sau :
+
H du + HCO3 CO 2 +

vy VCO =0,05.22,4=1,12 l chn B

2

H 2O
0,05 0,05 0,05
Cu 116 (H Khi A 2007):Cho t t dung dch chc a mol HCl vo dung dch cha b mol Na2CO3 ng
thi khuy u, thu c V lt kh (ktc) v dung dch X. Khi cho d nc vi trong vo dung dch X thy c
xut hin kt ta. Biu thc lin h gia V, a v b l :
A. V = 22,4(a + b)
B. V = 11,2 (a b)
C. V = 11,2(a + b)
D. V = 22,4(a b)
Gii: Khi cho d nc vi trong vo dung dch X thy c xut hin kt ta chng t c mui NaHCO3 :
Ca(OH) 2 + 2NaHCO3 CaCO3 +Na 2 CO3 + 2H 2O
2+
Vy bi ton c ngha l cho a mol H vo b mol CO cho kh CO v mui NaHCO
+

2-

H + CO3 HCO3
b b
2-

+
tnh theo s mol CO3 do H phi cn d mi to phn ng th hai c
+

H du

HCO3

(a

(a

b)

b)

CO 2 +

V(CO 2 )=(a-

H2O

b).22,4

(a b)

, ta chn D

Cu 117 (H Khi A 2010) : Nh t t tng git n ht 30 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo 100ml dung dch
cha Na2CO3 0,2 M v NaHCO3 0,2M. Sau phn ng thu c s mol CO2 l :
A. 0,01
B. 0,015
C. 0,020
D. 0,030
Gii: n 2 = 0, 02 mol,
= 0, 02 mol, + = 0, 03 mol

n
n
CO

HCO

+ u tin s c phn ng

2-

+ CO3

HCO3

0, 02

0, 02

0, 02 mol

vy tng s mol HCO3 l 0,02 + 0,02 = 0,04 mol

+
+ Sau do H cn d ( 0,03 0,02 = 0,01 mol ) nn xy ra tip phn ng sau :

+
H du + HCO3 2CO 2 + H O
0,01
0,01
0,01
Vy ta chn A
Cu 118 : Cho t t dung dch HCl vo dung dch Na2CO3 n d th
A. C si bt kh ngay lp tc.
B. Ban u khng c si bt, mt thi gian sau si bt.
C. Khng hin tng.
D. C kt ta mu trng.
Gii : Chn B
Cu 119 : Cho t t 100ml dung dch HCl 2M vo 200ml dung dch Y cha KHCO3 1M v K2CO3 1M. Th
tch kh CO2 thot ra ktc l :
A. 0,0 lt
B. 4,48 lt
C. 2,24 lt
D. 3,36 lt
Gii: n 2 = 0, 2 mol,
= 0, 2 mol, n + = 0, 2 mol

n
CO

HCO

+ CO3

HCO3
0, 2 0, 2
0, 2 mol
+
Do H ht phn ng trn nn s khng c kh CO2 thot ra, chn A
Cu 120 : Nh rt t t n ht 500ml dung dch HCl nng 1,2M vo 480ml dung dch Na2CO3 1M ang
c khuy nh, u. Sau phn ng thu c mt dung dch v V lt kh (ktc). Tnh V ?
A. 2,688
B. 13,44
C. 10,752
D. 6,288
Gii: n
= 0, 48 mol, n = 0, 6 mol
u tin s c phn ng

CO

+ u tin s c phn ng

0, 48

+ CO3

0, 48

HCO3
0, 2 mol

s mol HCO3 l 0,2 mol

+
+ Sau do H cn d ( 0,6 0,48 = 0,12 mol ) nn xy ra tip phn ng sau :
+
H du + HCO3 2CO 2 +
V (CO2) = 0,12.22,4 = 2,688 mol , chn A
H O
0,12
0,12 mol
0,12
Dng 11 : PHNG PHP QUY I TRONG HA HC
Phm vi p dng : nhng bi ton hn hp cho qua Axit c tnh xi ha mnh ra sn phm kh ri em
dung dch cho vo kim thu kt ta, sau nung kt ta
Hn hp thng gp :

Mg

MgS
1/

quy i v

Mg, S

MgS, S
MgS, Mg

Cu

CuS
S
2/

Cu, S

CuS, S
CuS, Cu
CuS, Cu2 S

quy i v

..............

Cu2 S

Fe, S
FeS, S

FeS
Fe
FeS,2 ,FeS

quy i v

Fe

Fe
S
S
3/

..............

FeS 2

Ch : ch a a v 2 cht trong nhiu cht sau ta thng dng bo tan e- v pt hn hp

gii
Tnh : V kh sinh ra, khi lng rn thu c, khi lng hn hp u
Cu 121 : Ha tan han ton 20,8 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeS2 v S bng HNO3 d, thot ra sn phm kh duy
nht l 53,76 lt kh NO2 (ktc) v dung dch A. Cho NaOH d vo dung dch A thu kt ta, nung kt ta trong
khng kh n khi lng khng i thu c m (g) cht rn. Tnh gi tr m.
A. 16 gam
B. 17 gam
C. 18 gam
D. 19 gam
Gii: NO2 : 2,4 mol
Ta quy i hn hp v Fe (x mol)v FeS2 (y mol) => mhh = 56x + 120y = 20,8 (1)
(c th quy i cch khc, v nu gii ra s mol S m th bi tan vn ng )
0

Fe 3e
+3
Fe

+3

FeS 2 15e + 2S
Fe
y 15 y y

+6

x 3x
x
Vy tng s mol e- nhng l ncho = 3x + 15y
v nnhn =( gim s oxh) . (s mol kh ) = 1.2,4
x = 0, 05 = n Fe ddA Fe3+ : x + y = 0, 2mol
=>
3.x + 15.y =2,4 (2)

y = 0,15 = n FeS

SO

= = 2.0,15 = 0, 3

3+

Fe

OH

nung ,O2

Fe(OH ) 3 Fe2 O3 :

=n

a(mol )

= a a=

+ =

g , chn A

n
nFe

0, 2 2

0,1

0,1 (56 2 16 3) 16
Cu 122 : Ha tan hon ton 30,4g rn X gm Cu, CuS, Cu2S v S bng HNO3 d, thot ra 20,16 lt kh NO (sp
kh duy nht ktc) v dung dch Y. Thm Ba(OH)2 d vo dung dch Y thu c m gam kt ta. Tm gi tr
m. A. 81,55
B. 104,20
C. 110,95
D. 115,85
Gii: NO : 0,9 mol
Ta quy i hn hp v Cu (x mol) v S (y mol) mhh = 64x + 32y = 30,4 gam (1)
Fe3

Fe(Fe2O3 )

Cu 2e
+2
Cu
x 2x
x

Fe2O3

+6

S 6e S
y

6y

Vy tng s mol e- nhng l ncho = 2.x + 6.y

v nnhn = ( gim s oxh) . (s mol kh ) = 3.0,9 = 2,7 mol

64x + 32 y = 30, 4
Ta c h :
x = 0, 3; y = 0, 35
2x
+
6
y
=

2, 7

Cu

2+

OH

Nn m Cu(OH) = 0, 3.98 = 29, 4 gam

Cu(OH)
0,3 mol
0, 3
2+

Ba

2
+ SO 4 BaSO
Nn m BaSO = 0, 35.233 = 81, 55 gam ,

4
4

0, 35
0,35 mol

Khi lng kt ta = 29,4 + 81,55 = 110,95 gam, chn C

Cu 123 : Hn hp X gm Mg, MgS v S. Ha tan han ton m gam X trong HNO3 d thu c 2,912 lt kh
N2 duy nht (ktc) v dung dch Y. Thm Ba(OH)2 d vo Y thu c 46,55 g kt ta. Tm m.
A. 4,8
B. 7,2
C.9,6
D. 12,0
Gii: N2 : 0,13 mol , Ta quy i hn hp v Mg (x mol) v S (y mol) mhh = 24x + 32y
0

Mg 2e
+2
Mg
x 2x x

+6

S 6e S
y

6y

Bo ton electron : 2x + 6y = 10.0,13 (1)

2+
2+

Ba +
BaSO 4
Mg +

2
2OH Mg(OH)2
SO
4
x
x
y y
m = 58x + 233y = 46, 55 (2)
gam
Suy ra x = 0,2 mol , y = 0,15 mol , mhh = 24x + 32y = 9,6 gam , chn C
Cu 124 : Ha tan hon ton 25,6 g hn hp X gm Fe, FeS, FeS2 v S vo dung dch HNO d thu c V lt kh
NO duy nht ktc v dung dch Y. Thm Ba(OH)2 d vo Y thu c 126,25 g kt ta. Tm V.
A. 17,92
B. 19,04
C. 24,64
D. 27,58
Gii: Ta quy i hn hp v Fe (x mol) v S (y mol) mhh = 56x + 32y = 25,6 gam (1)
(2)
3
4
m = m Fe(OH)
+ m BaSO
= 107x + 233y =
126, 25
(1) v (2) ta c : x = 0,2 mol ;

y = 0,45 mol
V
Bo ton electron : 3x + 6y = 3.
22,4 V = 24,64 lt, chn C
0

Cu 125 : Ha tan hon ton 3,76 gam hn hp: S, FeS, FeS2 trong HNO3 c d c 10,752 lt NO2 ( 27,3 C
v 1,1 atm) l sn phm kh duy nht v dung dch X. Cho dung dch Ba(OH)2 d vo X, lc kt ta nung n
khi lng khng i th khi lng cht rn thu c l:
A. 17,545 gam
B. 18,355 gam
C. 15,145 gam
D. 2,4 gam
Gii: NO2 : 0, 48 mol
Ta quy i hn hp v Fe (x mol) v S (y mol) mhh = 56x + 32y = 3,76 gam (1)
Bo ton electron : 3x + 6y = 1.0,48 (2)
Ta c : x = 0,03 , y = 0,065 mol

m BaSO 4 = 233 y = 15,145 gam

2Fe(OH)3 Fe 2O3
0,03 0,015 mol
mFe2 O3 = 0, 015.160 = 2, 4 gam
Khi lng cht rn = 15,145 + 2,4 = 17,545 gam , chn A
Dng 12 :

FeS, FeS 2 , CuS, Cu2 S

H

NO

2-

3+
2+
,Fe ,Cu + NO

SO
3

( d.d ch cha mui sunfat duy nht )

Cu 126 ( H Khi A 2007) : Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm 0,12 mol FeS2 v a mol Cu2S vo acid HNO3
(va ), thu c dung dch ch cha 2 mui sunfat) v kh duy nht NO. Gi tr ca a l ?

A. 0,04
B. 0,075
C. 0,12
D.0,06
23+
2+
Gii: Dung dch thu c ch cha mui sunfat duy nht nn ch cha cc ion : Fe ; Cu ; SO4

= 0,12.1 = 0,12

n = n
Fe

0,12 mol FeS2

to

ao t

oan n

guy

= 0, 2.a = 0, 2a

en

=n

a mol Cu

Fe

3+

Cu

Cu

2+

= 0,12.2 + a.1 = 0, 24 + a

n S = n SO 2

Bo ton in tch : 0,12 . 3 + 2.2a = (0,24 + a ).2 a = 0,06 , chn D

Cu 127 : Ha tan hon ton hh gm a mol FeS2 ; 0,5a mol FeS v 0,06 mol Cu2S vo axit HNO3 va thu
c dung dch X ch cha 2 mui sunfat v kh NO duy nht . Gi tr ca a l :
A.0,24
B.0,2
C.0,12
D.0,06
3+
2+
2Gii: Dung dch thu c ch cha mui sunfat duy nht nn ch cha cc ion : Fe ; Cu ; SO4

a mol FeS2

0,5a mol FeS

= a + 0, 5a = 1, 5a
3+
Fe
Fe

b
ao
t
oan
n
guy
en
= 0, 06.2 = 0,12
to

n = n

Cu Cu 2+
n =n

0, 06 mol

n S = n SO = 2, 5a + 0, 06

Cu 2S

2-

Bo ton in tch : 1,5a.3 + 0,12.2 = (0,06 + 2,5.a ).2 a = 0,24 , chn A

Cu 128: Khi cho hn hp FeS v Cu2S phn ng vi dung dch HNO3 d s thu c dung dch cha cc ion
2+
22+
+
32+
3+
+
3A. Cu , S , Fe , H , NO .
B. Cu , Fe , H , NO .
23+
+
32+
22+
+
32+
D. Cu
C. Cu , SO4 , Fe , H , NO .
, SO4 , Fe , H , NO .
Gii: Chn C v cn c HNO3 d
Cu 129 : Ha tan hon ton hn hp gm x mol FeS2 v 0,05 mol Cu2S vo acid HNO3 (va ), thu c
dung dch ch cha 2 mui sunfat) v kh duy nht NO. Gi tr ca x l ?
A. 0,15
B. 0,2
C. 0,1
D.0,05
Gii:
x mol FeS

n = n
Fe

=x

Fe

3+

= n Cu 2+ = 0, 05.2 = 0,1
0, S05 mol2 Cu b ao t oan
Cu

n guy
en to

n
= 2x + 0, 05

n S = n SO 2

Bo ton in tch : x.3 + 0,1.2 = (0,05 + 2.x).2 x = 0,1 , chn C

Cu 130 : Cho hn hp A gm x mol FeS2 v y mol Cu2S tc dng vi HNO3 long, d un nng ch thu c

mui sunfat duy nht ca cc kim loi v gii phng kh NO duy nht. T l x/y c gi tr l :
A. 0,5
B. 1
C. 1,5
Gii:

n = n
Fe

D. 2

=x

Fe

3+

= n Cu 2+ = 2 y
xymol
molFeS
Cu2 bao toan
Cu
n
guy
en to

n
= 2x + y

n S = n SO 2

Bo ton in tch : x.3 + 2y.2 = (y + 2.x).2 x : y = 2 , chn D

Cu 131 : Ha tan hon ton a gam hn hp X ( FeS2 v Cu2S ) vo dung dch HNO3 (va ) thu c dung
dch Y ch cha 2 mui sunfat duy nht v 17,92 lt kh NO l sn phm kh duy nht. Tm a :
A. 12
B. 16
C. 24
D. 25
Gii: t x v y ln lt l s mol FeS2 v Cu2S

n = n

=x

xymol
Cu = n Cu 2+ = 2 y
molFeS
Cu2 bao toan
S
n
guy
en to

n
= 2x + y

n S = n SO 2Fe

Fe3+

Bo ton in tch : x.3 + 2y.2 = (y + 2.x).2 x : y = 2 hay x = 2y

+5

+2

N + 3e N
2,4 0,8 mol
0

+3

+6

FeS2 Fe
+
+ 15e
2S
x0
15x
+2
+6
Cu 2S 2Cu
+
+ 10e
1S
y
10y
Bo ton electron : 15x + 10y = 2,4 suy ra x = 0,06 mol , y = 0,12 mol
Vy a = 120.0,12 + 160.0,06 = 24 gam, chn C
Dng 13 : TON MUI ( TON THUN)
Cho CO2 hocSO2 hoc H2S hoc P2O5 hoc H3PO4 vo dung dch cha mt trong cc dung dch NaOH,
KOH , Ca(OH)2 , Ba(OH)2
Cho NH3 vo dung dich cha H3PO4
V nhiu dng tng t , ta cn lp s mol ca 2 nguyn t quan trng s thy sn phm v s dng bo
ton nguyn t s tm ra s mol sn phm d dng m khng cn phi vit phng trnh phn ng
Cu 132 : 0,1 mol CO2 hp th vo dd cha 0,2 mol NaOH. Tm cc cht tan c trong dung dch.
A. Na2CO3
B. NaHCO3
C. Na2CO3 v NaOH d
D. NaHCO3 v Na2CO3
Gii: Nhn xt : ch c th c 2 mui l
Na2CO3 ( Na : C = 2 : 1= 2 ) hoc NaHCO3 ( Na : C = 1 : 1 = 1)
nC = nCO2 = 0,1 mol
0, 2 , nNa = n NaOH = 0,2 mol
n
Na
=
= 2 to mui Na ( Na : C = 2 : 1 ), chn A
lp t l
CO
2

n C 0,1
Cu 133 : 0,1 mol CO2 hp th vo dung dch cha 0,18 mol KOH. Tm cc sn phm
A. K2CO3
B. KHCO3
C. K2CO3 v KOH d
D. KHCO3 v K2CO3
Gii: Nhn xt : ch c th c 2 mui l
K2CO3 ( K : C = 2 : 1 =2 ) hoc KHCO3 ( K : C = 1 : 1 = 1)
ng dng nC = nCO2 = 0,1 , nK = n KOH = 0,18
K 2 CO3
n
0,18
lp t l 1 < K =
= 1,8 < 2 c c 2 mui

0,1
nC
Ta chn D
KHCO3
Cu 134 : 0,5 mol P2O5 cho vo dd cha 0,8 mol Ca(OH)2. Tm cc sn phm ?
A. Ca3(PO4)2
B. Ca(H2PO4)2 v CaHPO4

B. Ca(H2PO4)2 v Ca3(PO4)2
Gii: Nhn xt : ch c th c 3 mui l
n P = 2.0,5 = 1 mol , n Ca = 0,8.1 = 0,8 mol

D. Ca(H2PO4)2
Ca3(PO4)2
( Ca : P = 3 : 2 = 1,5 )
Ca(H2PO4)2 ( Ca : P = 1 : 2 = 0,5 )
v CaHPO4
( Ca : P = 1 : 1 = 1 )

n
lp t s 0, 5

Ca

nP

0,8
=

<

Ca ( H 2 PO 4 )
2
, Chn B
= 0,8 < 1

1
CaHPO 4

Cu 135 : Trn 450 ml dung dch NaOH 1 vi 150 ml dung dch H3PO4 2M. Dung dch thu c sau phn
ng cha nhng mui no ?
A. NaH2PO4 v Na2HPO4
B. Na3PO4 v Na2HPO4
C. NaH2PO4 v NaOH d
D. Na2HPO4
Gii: Nhn xt : : ch c th c 3 mui l Na3PO4
( Na : P = 3 : 1 = 3 )
NaH2PO4
( Na : P = 1 : 1 = 1 )
v Na2HPO4
( Na : P = 2 : 1 = 2 )
n(NaOH) = 0,45.1 = 0,45 mol = n Na
n(H3PO4) = 0,15.2 =0,3 mol = n P
lp t l 1 <

nNa = 0, 45 = 1, 5 < 2 NaH PO

2
4
nP
0, 3

v Na HPO , chn A
4

Cu 136 : Trn dung dch cha a mol Ca(OH)2 vi dung dch cha b mol H3PO4. Chn t l f = a/b nh th
no sau phn ng thu c 2 mui gm Ca(H2PO4)2 v CaHPO4.
A. 1 < f < 2
B. 1 < f < 1,5
C. 0,5 < f < 1
D. 0,5 < f < 1,5
Gii: Nu bi ny chng ta ghi phng trnh th bi ton s rt phc tp, khng ph hp cho k thi quc gia
theo phng php trc nghim. Tc gi xin trnh bi cch gii n gin sau :
Nhn xt : c 2 mui l Ca(H2PO4)2
( Ca : P = 1 : 2 = 0,5 )
v CaHPO4
( Ca : P = 1 : 1 = 1 ) ( cho 2 mui ny )
nCa = a v n P = b
a n Ca
nn ta thy 0,5 < f < 1, chn C
m f = =
b nC
Cu 137 : Cho 2,24 lt H2S vo 100ml dung dch NaOH 1,6M thu c dung dch X. tnh s gam mui thu
c khi c cn dung dch X ?
A. 6,92
B. 2,96
C. 9,26
D. 92,6
Gii: Nhn xt : c 2 mui l NaHS ( Na : S = 1 : 1 = 1 ) v Na2S ( Na : S = 2 : 1 = 2 )
n(H2S) = 0,1 mol = nS v n (NaOH) = 0,1.1,6 = 0,16 mol = n Na

lp t l 1 <

0,16

Na

nS

NaHS x mol

= 1, 6 < 2
0,1
Na2 S y
mol

nNa = x + 2 y =
0,16

nS = x + y =
0,1

x = 0, 04

y = 0, 06

m(mui) = m(NaHS) + m(Na2S) = 0,0,4.56 + 0,06.78 = 6,92 gam, chn A

Cu 138 (H Khi B 2008) Cho 0,1 mol P2O5 vo 0,35 mol KOH. Dung dch thu c gm nhng cht :
A. K3PO4, K2HPO4
B. K2HPO4, KH2PO4
C. K3PO4 v KOH
D. H3PO4 v KH2PO4
Gii: n P = 0,1.2 = 0,2 v n K = 0,35.1 = 0,35
nK 0, 35
=
= 1, 75 < nn ta chn p n B
1<
nP
2
0, 2
Cu 139 (TN THPT 2007) Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt SO2 (ktc) vo dung dch cha 16 gam NaOH thu
c dung dch X. Khi lng mui tan c trong dung dch X l :
A. 20,8 gam
B. 18,9 gam
C. 23,0 gam
D. 25,2 gam
Gii: Nhn xt : ch c th c 2 mui l Na2SO3 ( Na : S = 2 : 1= 2 ) hoc NaHSO3 ( Na : S = 1 : 1 = 1)
Ta c nS = nSO2 = 0,2 mol , nNa = n NaOH = 16/40 =0,4 mol

0, 4
nNa =
= 2 Na SO a mol = 2 = 0, 2
n
2
3
S
nS 0, 2
vy khi lng mui l m (mui) = 0,2.126 = 25,2 gam
Chn cu D ( c th tnh theo s mol Na cng c )

Cu 140 : Cho

0,25a

mol P O
2

vo 125 gam dung dch NaOH 16% thu c dung dch Y ch cha 2 mui

17
NaH2PO4 v Na2HPO4. Gi tr ca a nm trong khong no sau y ?
A. 8,5 < a < 17
B. 17 < a < 34
C. 10,2 < a < 20,4
D. 1207 < a < 2414
Gii: Nhn xt : NaH2PO4 ( Na : P = 1 : 1 = 1 ) v Na2HPO4 ( Na : P = 2 : 1 = 2 )
16 125
0,25a
0,5a v n (Na) = n( NaOH) =
.
= 0, 5
n(P) = 17 .2 = 17
100 40
0,5a
17 = a
Ta c n P
n Na = 0,5 17
a
n
< 2 17 < a < 34 chn p n B
v t bi ta c 1 < P =
n Na 17
Cu 141 (H Khi B 2009): Cho 100 ml dung dch KOH 1,5M vo 200 ml dung dch H3PO4 0,5M, thu
c dung dch X. C cn dung dch X, thu c hn hp gm cc cht sau l :
A. K3PO4, K2HPO4
B. K2HPO4, KH2PO4
C. K3PO4 v KOH
D. H3PO4 v KH2PO4
Gii: nK = 0,15 mol , nP = 0,1 mol

KH2PO4 , K : P = 1

KOH

nK

1<

K2HPO4 , K : P = 2

+ H3PO4

K3PO4 , K : P = 3
0,15
=
= 1, 5 < 2 nn sn phm l KH v K HPO , chn B
PO

nP

0,1

Cu 142 (C 2010): Hp th hon ton 3,36 lt CO2 (ktc) vo 125 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M thu c
dung dch X. Coi th tch dung dch khng thay i, nng mol ca cht tan trong dung dch X l :
A. 0,4M
B. 0,2M
C. 0,6M
D. 0,1M
BaCO3 , Ba : C = 1
Gii: CO2 : 0,15 mol + Ba(OH)2 : 0,125 mol
Ba(HCO3)2 , Ba : C = 1 : 2 = 0,5
n C = n CO = 0,15 mol; n Ba = n Ba(OH) = 0,125
2

mol
0, 5 <

n Ba
nC

0,125

BaCO
0,15

< 1 nn c c hai mui

: x mol , Ba(HCO3)2 : y mol

3

nC = x + 2y = 0,15 mol , nBa = x + y = 0,125 mol x = 0,1 mol , y = 0,025 mol

[Ba(HCO3)2] = 0,025 : 0,125 = 0,2 M, Chn B
Cu 143 (C 2008): Dn t t V lt kh CO (ktc) i qua ng s ng lng d hn hp rn gm CuO,

Fe2O3 ( nhit cao). Sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c kh X. Dn ton b kh X trn vo
lng d Ca(OH)2 th to 4 gam kt ta. Gi tr V l :
A. 1,120
B. 0,896
C. 0,448
D. 0,224
4
Gii: Ca(OH)2 d nn n CO2
=
= 0, 04 mol
100
= n CaCO3

n CO = n CO2 = 0, 04 mol

VCO = 0, 04.22, 4 = 0,896 lt, Chn B

Cu 144 : Cho a mol CO2 hp th hon ton vo dung dch cha 2a mol NaOH. Dung dch thu c sau phn
ng c gi tr pH:
A. > 7
B. < 7
C. Khng xc nh.
D. = 7
Gii: ch c th c 2 mui l
Na2CO3 ( Na : C = 2 : 1= 2 ) hoc NaHCO3 ( Na : C = 1 : 1 = 1)
nC = nCO2 = a mol
2a, nNa = n NaOH = 2a mol
n
= 2 to mui Na ( Na : C = 2 : 1 ), dung dch trung tnh, pH = 7, chn D
lp t l Na =
CO
nC

Cu 145 : Hn hp X gm Fe2O3, FeO, Al2O3 c khi lng l 42,4 gam. Khi cho X tc dng vi CO d, un
nng thu c 41,6 gam cht rn Y v hn hp gm CO, CO2. Khi cho hn hp kh ny qua dung dch
Ba(OH)2 d th thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr m l :
A. 39,4 gam
B. 9,85 gam
C. 9,7 gam
D. 4,925 gam
Gii: m O (trong xit) = 41,6 42,4 = 0,8 gam
0,8
Ba(OH)2 d : n = n = n
=
= 0, 05 mol
O
CO
BaCO
16
Khi lng kt ta : m = 0,05.197 = 9,85 gam, chn B
Cu 146 : Qu trnh thi CO2 vo dung dch NaOH mui to thnh theo th t l
A. NaHCO3 , Na2CO3
B. Na2CO3 v NaHCO3
D. Khng d kin xc nh.
C. Na2CO3
: Gii: Chon A
Cu 147 : Thi kh CO2 d vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 mui thu c l
A. Ca(HCO3)2
B. CaCO3
C. C A v B
D. Khng xc nh c.
Gii: Chn A
Cu 148 : Kh m gam hn hp MgO, FeO, CuO bng kh CO nhit cao, sau phn ng thu c 21,6 gam
hn hp rn A v hn hp kh B, cho B i qua dung dch Ba(OH)2 thu c 19,7 gam kt ta v dung dch C.
Lc b kt ta, un nng dung dch C li xut hin thm 19,7 gam kt ta na. Gi tr m l :
A. 28,4
B. 25,5
C. 26,4
D. 32,4
19, 7
Gii: n BaCO3 =
= 0,1 mol
197
t0
Ba(HCO3 ) 2
BaCO3 + CO 2 + H 2 O
un nng dung dch C li c kt ta chng t :
0,1
Khi cho CO2 vo c 2 phng trnh :
0,1
0,1 mol
Ba(OH) 2 + CO 2 BaCO3 +
2

H2O
0,1
0,1

Ba(OH)2 + 2CO 2

n CO2

Ba(HCO3 ) 2
0, 2
0,1
= 0, 2 + 0,1 = 0, 3 = n O (trong
oxit)

p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng : m = mA + mO = 21,6 +0,3.16 = 26,4 gam, chn C
Cu 149 (H Khi B 2008) : Nhit phn hon ton 40 gam mt loi qung lmit c ln tp cht tr sinh ra

8,96 lt kh CO2(ktc). Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca CaCO3.MgCO3 trong loi qung nu trn l
A. 84%.
B. 50%.
C. 92%.
D. 40%.
t0
8, 96
= 0, 4 mol CaCO3 ,MgCO3 CaO.MgO + 2 CO2
Gii: n CO2 =
0, 2
0,4
;
22, 4
m MgCO3 .CaCO3 = 0, 2.(100 + 84) = 36,8 gam

36,8
% m= C 40100 = 92% , chn
Cu 150 (H Khi B 2007) : Nung 13,4 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr 2, thu c 6,8
gam cht rn v kh X. Lng kh X sinh ra cho hp th vo 75 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, khi lng mui khan
thu c sau phn ng l
A. 6,5 gam.
B. 5,8 gam.
C. 6,3 gam.
D. 4,2 gam.
Gii: n N aO H = 0, 075.1 = 0, 075 m ol =
n Na
mMCO3 MO 13, 4 6,8
=
= 0,15 mol =C n
n CO2 =
44
44
n Na
1
=
< 1 N aH C O v CO2 d,
nC
3

2
CO2 + NaOH
NaHCO3
0,075
0,075 mol, nn m (NaHCO3) = 0,075.84 = 6,3 gam, chn C
Cu 151 : Hp th ht 0,35 mol CO2 vo duung dch cha 0,225 mol Ca(OH)2. Tnh lng kt ta thu c
A. 10 gam
B. 11 gam
C. 12 gam
D. 13 gam
n
Gii: V 1 OH = 1, 28 2 m = 100(0, 45 0, 35) = 10 gam , chn A
n
Dng 14 : TON MUI (TON NGC)
Cho CO2 vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 hoc Ba(OH)2 thu c kt ta l CaCO3 hoc BaCO3
Vn 1 : Bit

n Ca(OH) , n CaCO
2

TH1 : ch c kt ta

, tm

n CO

n CO = n
2

TH2 : c kt ta, sau kt ta tan 1 phn :

Vn 2 : Bit

Nu

n CaCO , n CO
3

n CO

n CaCO3

, tm

n
2

th

n CO = 2.n Ca(OH) n
2

n Ca(OH)
n CO + n CaCO
=
2

Ca(OH)2

Cu 152 : Hp th ton b x mol CO2 vo dung dch cha 0,03 mol Ca(OH)2 thu c 2 gam kt ta. Tm x ?
A. 0,02 mol v 0,04 mol
B. 0,02 mol v 0,05 mol
C. 0,01 mol v 0,03 mol
D. 0,03 mol v 0,04 mol

Gii: n = CaCO3

100

= 0, 02 mol

n
TH1 : ch c kt ta n

= n = 0, 02 mol
TH2 : c kt ta, sau kt ta tan 1 phn :
CO2

n CO2 = 2.n Ca(OH) n = 2.0, 03 0, 02 = 0, 04 mol , Chn A

2

Cu 153 : Dn V lt CO2 (ktc) vo 300 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,5M. Sau phn ng thu c 10 gam kt ta.
Gi tr V bng ?

A. 2,24 lt

10
CaCO3

Gii: n =

100

B. 3,36 lt

C. 4,48 lt

= 0,1 mol; nCa(OH)2

= 0, 5.0, 3 = 0,15 mol

D. C A v C

TH1 : ch c kt ta n CO = n = 0,1 mol V = 0,1.22, 4 = 2, 24 lt

2
TH2 : c kt ta, sau kt ta tan 1 phn :

n CO2 = 2.n Ca(OH) n = 2.0,15 0,1 = 0, 2 mol V = 0,

lt, Chn D

2.22, 4 = 4, 48
2

Cu 154 : Khi cho 0,35 mol CO2 hp th hon ton vo dung dch Ca(OH)2 u thu c 0,05 mol kt ta. S
mol Ca(OH)2 trong dung dch l
A. 0,15.
B. 0,2.
C. 0,3.
D. 0,05.
n +n
0, 35 + 0,
05
n nn n
= 0, 2 , chn B
CaCO3 =
Gii: Do n
CO2
=
CaCO3
CO2
Ca(OH)2
2
2
Cu 155 : Hp th ht k mol SO2 bng 150 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 1M thy c 12 gam kt ta trng to thnh .
Tnh k ?
A. 0,1 v 0,2
B. 0,15 v 02
C. 0,15 v 0,25
D. 0,1
12 = 0,1 mol , nCa(OH)2 = 1.0,15 = 0,15 mol
Gii: n = CaSO3 = 120
n
TH1 : ch c kt ta n

= n = 0,1 mol
TH2 : c kt ta, sau kt ta tan 1 phn :
n CO = 2.n
n = 2.0,15 0,1 = 0, 2 mol , Chn A
2
Ca(OH)2
Cu 156 : Hp th ht a mol SO2 bng 150 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M thy c 21,7 gam kt ta trng to thnh.
Tnh gi tr a ?
A. 0,1 v 0,2
B. 0,15 v 02
C. 0,15 v 0,25
D. 0,1
21, 7
= 0,1 mol , Ba(OH) = 1.0,15 = 0,15 mol
Gii: n = BaSO =
SO2

217

TH1 : ch c kt ta n

= n = 0,1 mol
TH2 : c kt ta, sau kt ta tan 1 phn :
n SO = 2.n
n = 2.0,15 0,1 = 0, 2 mol , Chn A
2
Ba(OH)2
Cu 157 : Cho V lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 2 lt dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,05M, thu c 7,5 gam kt ta. V c gi tr
l :
A. 1,68 lt
B. 2,88 lt
C. 2,24 lt v 2,8 lt
D. 1,68 lt v 2,8 lt
7, 5
Gii: n = CaCO3 = 100 = 0, 075 mol; nCa(OH)2 = 0, 05.2 = 0,1 mol
SO2

n
TH1 : ch c kt ta n

= n = 0, 075 mol V = 0, 075.22, 4 = 1, 68 lt

TH2 : c kt ta, sau kt ta tan 1 phn :
n CO = 2.n
n = 2.0,1 0, 075 = 0,125 mol V = 0,125.22, 4 = 2,8
2
Ca(OH)
CO2

lt, Chn D2
Cu 158 (H Khi A 2007): Hp th hon ton 2,688 lt CO2 (ktc) vo 2,5 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 nng a
mol/lt, thu c 15,76 gam kt ta. Gi tr a l :

A. 0,032

B. 0,048

Gii: n CO2 =

2, 688

= 0,12 mol;

n
22, 4

nn n

Do n

CO 2

a=

BaCO3

0,1

BaCO3

=
Ba(OH)2

C. 0,06

15, 76

197
+n
BaCO3

CO2

D. 0,04

= 0, 08 mol
0,12 + 0, 08

= 0,1 mol ,
2

= 0,04M , Chn D
2, 5
Cu 159 : Cho 2,24 lt kh CO2(ktc) vo 20 lt dung dch Ca(OH)2, ta thu c 6 gam kt ta. Vy nng
mol/l ca dung dch Ca(OH)2l:

A. 0,004M.
Gii: n CO2 =

B. 0,002M.

2, 24

CO 2

[Ca(OH) ] =

0, 08

D. 0,008M.

6
= 100 = 0, 06 mol
+n

nn n
CaCO 3

CaCO3

22, 4

Do n

= 0,1 mol;

C. 0,006M.

CaCO3

CO2

Ca(OH)2

= 0,004M , chn A

0,1+ 0, 06
= 0, 08 mol ,
2

20
Cu 160 : Dn V lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 200 ml dung dch Ca(OH)2 0,1M thu c 1 gam kt ta. Vy V c gi
tr l :
A. 0,224 hoc 0,896
B. 0,366 hoc 0,672
C. 0,224 hoc 0,672
D. 0,896

Gii: n = CaCO3 = 100 = 0, 01 mol; nCa(OH)2 = 0, 02 mol

n
TH1 : ch c kt ta n

= n = 0, 01 mol V = 0, 01.22, 4 = 0, 224 lt

TH2 : c kt ta, sau kt ta tan 1 phn :
n CO = 2.n
n = 2.0, 02 0, 01 = 0, 03 mol V = 0,
2
Ca(OH)
CO2

lt, Chn C

03.22, 4 =2 0, 672
Cu 161 : Cho V lt CO2 (ktc) vo dung dch A cha 0,2 mol Ca(OH)2 thu c 2,5 gam kt ta. Gi tr V l :
A. 0,56 hoc 11,2
B. 0,896 hoc 6,72
C. 0,896 hoc 11,2
D. 0,56 hoc 8,40

2, 5

Gii: n = CaCO3 = 100 = 0, 025 mol; nCa(OH)2 = 0, 2 mol

n
TH1 : ch c kt ta n

= n = 0, 025 mol V = 0, 025.22, 4 = 0, 56 lt

TH2 : c kt ta, sau kt ta tan 1 phn :
n CO = 2.n
n = 2.0, 2 0, 025 = 0, 375 mol V = 0, 375.22, 4 = 8, 4 lt,
2
Ca(OH)
CO2

Chn D 2
Cu 162 : Hp th hon ton V lt CO2 (ktc) vo 500 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 1M, thu c 59,1 gam kt ta.
Gi tr ca V l :
A. 6,72 hoc 11,2
B. 11,2 hoc 15,68
C. 15,68 hoc 8,96
D. 6,72 hoc 15,68
59,1
Gii: n BaCO3 =
= 0, 3 mol , Ba(OH)2 = 0, 5 mol
n

197
TH1 : ch c kt ta n

= n = 0, 3 mol V = 0, 3.22, 4 = 6, 72 lt
TH2 : c kt ta, sau kt ta tan 1 phn :
n CO = 2.n
n = 2.0, 5 0, 3 = 0, 7 mol V = 0, 7.22, 4 = 15, 68 lt, Chn
2
Ba(OH)
D

CO2

Cu 163 : Cho 4,48 lt CO2 vo 2 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 thu c 2,955 gam kt ta. Hy tnh nng mol/lt
ca dung dch Ba(OH)2 :
A. 0,05375M
B. 0,07354M
C. 0,0875M
D. 0,00023M
4, 48
2, 955
Gii: n CO2 =
= 0, 2 mol; nBaCO3 =
= 0, 015 mol
22, 4
197
n CO2 + n BaCO3 = 0, 2 + 0, 015 = 0,1075 mol
Do n

nn n
=
n
CO 2

BaCO3

Ba(OH)2

2
2
[Ba(OH)2] = 0,1075 : 2 = 0,05375 M , chn A
Dng 15 : HP TH CO2, SO2 VO DD HN HP NaOH v Ca(OH)2
Cn tnh : n CO 2 ;

OH

; n

CO 2 + OH HCO3

Ca

2+

+ H 2 O , lp t s f

CO 2 + 2OH
CO
2+

n
= nOH

2
3

CO2

Ca + CO3 CaCO3

hay Ba 2+

BaCO3

+ CO3

Cu 164 (H Khi A 2008): Hp th hon ton 4,48 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 500 ml dung dch hn hp gm
NaOH 0,1M v Ba(OH)2 0,2M, sinh ra m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 11,82.
B. 19,70.
C. 9,85.
D. 17,73.
n NaOH = 0,05 mol; n

2+ = 0,1 mol; n
OH = 0, 25 mol; n CO2 = 0, 2 mol
Ba(OH)2 = n Ba

0, 25
n
= 1, 25 < 2
1 < f = OH =
n CO
0, 2
2

CO 2 + OH HCO

x + y = 0,

x x

x = 0,15

CO 2 + 2OH
+ H 2 O suy ra :
CO3
y 2y
x + 2 y = 0, y = 0, 05
y
25
2+
2

BaCO

Ba05 +
CO
0,
05 m3
0,
05 lng3 0,
Khi
kt ta l : BaCO = 0, 05.197 = 9, gam, Chn C
85
Cu 165 (H Khi A 2009): Cho 0,448 lt kh CO2 ( ktc) hp th ht vo 100 ml dung dch cha hn hp
NaOH 0,06M v Ba(OH)2 0,12M, thu c m gam kt ta. Gi tr ca m l
A. 1,182.
B. 2,364.
C. 3,940.
D. 1,970.
n NaOH = 0,006 mol; n
=
0,
012
mol;
n

2+
OH = 0, 03 mol; n CO2 = 0, 02 mol
Ba(OH)2 = n Ba
3

CO + OH

0, 03

HCO
2
OH

1<f

n CO2

=
2

= 1, 5 <

0, 02

x + y = 0,

CO + 2OH

CO
3

+H O

y 2y y

x
x = 0,

01

x + 2 y = 0, y = 0,
03
01

2+

Ba + CO BaCO3

02
suy ra :

0, 0
0, 01

0, 01
3

Khi lng kt ta l : m
gam, Chn D
BaCO = 0, 01.197 = 1,
97
Cu 166 : Hp th ht 0,35 mol CO2 vo dung dch cha ng thi 0,3 mol NaOH v 0,125 mol Ca(OH)2.
Tnh khi lng kt ta thu c ?
A. 15,4 gam
B. 12,5 gam
C, 12,6 gam
D. 12,7 gam
3

n Ca(OH) = n 2+ = 0,125 mol; n = 0, 55 mol

2
Ca
OH
0,
55
n
= 1, 57 < 2
1 < f = OH =
n CO 0, 35
2

CO 2 + OH HCO

x + y = 0,

x x

CO 2 + 2OH
CO3
y 2y
y
2+

x = 0,15

35
+ H 2O

suy ra :
x + 2 y = 0,
55

y = 0, 2

Ca
+ CO3 CaCO3
0,125
0,125
m BaCO3 = 0,125.100 = 12, 5
0,125
Khi lng kt ta l :

gam, Chn B

Cu 167 (H Khi A 2011): Hp th hon ton 0,672 lt kh CO2 (ktc) vo 1 lt dung dch gm NaOH
0,025M v Ca(OH)2 0,0125M, thu c x gam kt ta. Gi tr ca x l
A. 2,00.
B. 0,75.
C. 1,00.
D. 1,25.
n CO2 = 0, 03 mol , n NaOH = 0, 025 mol

n Ca(OH) = n
2

= 0, 0125 mol; n = 0, 05 mol

OH
0, 05
=
= 1, 67 < 2
0, 03

Ca

n
1 < f = OH
n CO
2

2+

CO 2 + OH HCO

x + y = 0,

x x

CO 2 + 2OH
CO3
y 2y
y
2+

x = 0, 01

03
+ H 2O

suy ra :
x + 2 y = 0,
05

y = 0, 02

Ca
+ CO3
0, 0125 0,
0125

CaCO3

0125 0,
m BaCO3 = 0, 0125.100 = 1, 25

Khi lng kt ta l :
gam, Chn D
Cu 168 : Sc 9,52 lt SO2 (ktc) vo 200 ml dung dch hn hp: NaOH 1M Ba(OH)2 0,5M KOH 0,5M.
Kt thc phn ng thu c m gam kt ta. Tr s ca m l:
A. 16,275 gam
B. 21,7 gam
C. 54,25 gam
D. 37,975 gam
n SO2 = 0, 425 mol , n NaOH = 0, 2 mol n KOH = 0,1 mol
;
n Ba(OH) = n
2

= 0,1 mol; n = 0, 5 mol

OH
0, 5
=
= 1,17 < 2
0, 425

Ba

n
1 < f = OH
n SO
2

2+

SO 2 + OH HSO

x + y = 0,

x x

SO 2 + 2OH
SO3
y 2y
y
2+

x = 0, 35

425
+ H 2O

suy ra :

x + 2 y =
0, 5

y = 0, 075

Ca
+ SO3 BaSO3
0, 075
0, 075 0,
m BaSO3 = 0, 075.217 = 16, 275
075
Khi lng kt ta l :
gam, Chn A
Cu 169 : Dung dch A cha NaOH 1M v Ca(OH)2 0,25M. Sc 2,24 lt (ktc) kh CO2 vo 100 ml dung dch

A ta thu c mt kt ta c khi lng :

A. 10 g.
B. 5 g.
n CO
= 0,1 mol , n NaOH = 0,1
2
mol
n Ca(OH) = n 2+ = 0, 025mol; n = 0,15 mol
2
Ca
OH

C. 2,5 g.

0,15
n
= 1, 5 < 2
1 < f = OH =
n CO
0,1
2

CO 2 + OH HCO

x + y =

x x

CO 2 + 2OH
CO3
y 2y
y

2
3

x = 0, 05

0,1
+ H 2O

suy ra :
x + 2 y =
0,15

y = 0, 05

D. 15 g.

2+

+ CO3

Ca

0, 025 0,
025

CaCO3
0,

= 0, 025.100 = 2, 5

025
m BaCO3

Khi lng kt ta l :
gam, Chn C
3+
Dng 16 : CHO BAZ TC DNG VI DUNG DCH MUI NHM (Al )
Phng trnh ion :

Al

+ 3OH

3+

Al(OH) 3

Al(OH) 3

Al(OH) 4 ( AlO 2 + 2H 2 O)

OH

3+

Khi cho dung dch baz tc dng vi dung dch mui nhm ( cha ion Al ) th ban u c kt ta
keo trng, sau kt ta s tan nu baz cn d.
Cng thc gii nhanh :
TH1 : ch c kt ta n

OH

min

= 3n Al(OH)

n
OH

TH2 : c kt ta
sau 2kt ta tan mt phn :
2+

Ch n trng hp Ba + SO4 BaSO

4
+

Nu c axit th u tin phn ng H + OH

n Al(OH)

= 4n
max

Al
3+
3

c ngha l n OH = nH +

H O
Cu 170 : Cn dng bao nhiu mol NaOH vo dung dch cha 0,4 mol AlCl3 thu c 0,1 mol kt ta ?
A. 0,2 mol hoc 0,9 mol
B. 0,3 mol hoc 1,5 mol
C. 0,4 mol hoc 1,6 mol
D. 0,7 mol hoc 1,7 mol
Cch 1 : C 2 kh nng :
+ NaOH dng thiu (tc kt ta cha t cc i)
AlCl3 + 3NaOH Al(OH)3 +3NaCl
0,1
0,1 mol
0,3

+ NaOH dng tha (tc kt ta t cc i ri tan bt 1 phn)

AlCl3 + 3NaOH Al(OH)3 +3NaCl
0,4
0,4 mol
1,2

Tan : bt 0,3 mol cn 0,1 mol

Al(OH)3 +NaOH Al(OH)

4
0,3

0,3

0,3 mol

n NaOH = 0, 3 + 1, 2 = 1, 5 mol , chn B

Cch 2 : TH1 : ch c kt ta n O H

m in

= 3nAl(O H ) 3 = 3.0,1 = 0, 3 m ol

TH2 : c kt ta sau kt ta tan mt phn :

n OH

max

= 4n Al3+ n Al(OH)3 = 4.0, 4 0,1 = 1, 5 mol

Cu 171 : Th tch dung dch NaOH 1M cc i cn cho vo dung dch cha 0,5 mol AlCl3 uc 31,2 gam
kt ta l bao nhiu ?

A. 1,6 lt

B. 1,2 lt

C. 1,8 lt

D. 2,4 lt

n Al(OH)3 = 0, 4 mol
l TH2 : c kt ta sau kt ta tan mt phn :

n OH

max

= 4n Al3+ n Al(OH)3 = 4.0, 5 0, 4 = 1, 6 mol

3

V (NaOH) = 1,6 lt , chn A

Cu 172 : Cn cho mt th tch dung dch NaOH 1M ln nht l bao nhiu vo dung dch cha ng thi 0,3
mol Al2(SO4)3 v 0,2 mol HCl xut hin 39 gam kt ta ?
A. 1,6 lt
B. 2,2 lt
C. 1,8 lt
D. 2,1 lt

3+

Al

= 0,3.2 = 0, 6 mol, n
+

u tin H + OH

= 0, 2 mol ; n = n Al(OH) = 39 / 78 = 0,5 mol

c ngha l n OH = n = 0, 2 mol

H O
Tip n trng hp NaOH cc i (TH2) n
OH

Nn

n OH = 0, 2 + 1, 9 =

= 4n

max

3+

Al(OH) 3

Al

= n NaOH

= 4.0, 6 0, 5 = 1, 9 mol

= 2,1 , chn D

VNaOH

2,1 mol

Cu 173 : C 2 th nghim :
+ Cho dung dch cha a mol NaOH vo dung dch cha b mol AlCl3 thu c 15,6 gam kt ta
+ Cho dung dch cha 2a mol NaOH vo dung dch cha b mol AlCl3 thu c 23,4 gam kt ta
Gi tr a v b ln lt l :
A. 0,6 v 0,4
B. 0,4 v 0,6
C. 0,6 v 0,375
D. 0,5 v 0,6
Th nghim u l TH1 : NaOH khng , n = 0, 2 mol , a = 3.0, 2 = 0, 6
Th nghim sau l TH2 : NaOH d, n = 0, 3 mol ,
n
= 4n 3+ n Al(OH)3 2a = 4b 0, 3 b = 0, 375 , chn C
OH max
Al
Cu 174 : Cho 3,42 gam Al2(SO4)3 tc dng vi 25 ml dung dch NaOH to ra 0,78 gam kt ta. Nng
mol ca NaOH dng :
A. 1,2M hoc 2,8M
B. 0,4M hoc 1,6M
C. 1,6M hoc 2,8M
D. 0,4M hoc 1,2M
3, 42
n Al2 (SO4 ) 3 = n= 342
0, 01 mol
= 0, 02 mol
Al3+
n Al(OH)3 = 0, 01 mol
TH1 : ch c kt ta

n N aOH = n O H

= 3n

in

A l(OH ) 3

= 3.0, 01 = 0, 03 m ol

0, 03
C M (N aO H ) 0, 025 = 1, 2 M

TH2 : c kt ta sau kt ta tan mt phn :

n NaOH = nOH max = 4nAl3+ n Al(OH) = 4.0, 02 0, 01 = 0, 07 mol C

3
M

0, 07
0, 025 = 2, 8M

(NaOH) =
Ta chn A
Cu 175 (H Khi A 2008) : Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 2M vo dung dch cha 0,1 mol Al2(SO4)3 v
0,1 mol H2SO4 n khi phn ng hon ton, thu c 7,8 gam kt ta. Gi tr ln nht ca V thu c
lng kt ta trn l A. 0,35.
B. 0,45.
C. 0,25.
D. 0,05.
7,8
n Al(OH)3 =
= 0,1 mol; nAl2 (SO 4 )3 = 0,1 mol n = 0, 2 mol
78

n H+ = 0, 2 mol

Al
2

3+

tin

+ OH

H O

n OH

= n H + = 0, 2 m o l

c ngha l
Tip n trng hp NaOH cc i (TH2)

n OH
Nn

max

= 4n

n OH = 0, 2 + 0, 7 = 0, 9

= n NaOH

VNaOH

mol

3+

Al

n Al(OH) = 4.0, 2 0,1 = 0, 7 mol

3
0, 9
2

= 0, 45 mol , chn B

Cu 176 (H Khi A 2007) : Nh t t cho n d dung dch NaOH vo dung dch AlCl3. Hin tng xy
ra l
A. ch c kt ta keo trng.
B. c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta tan.
C. khng c kt ta, c kh bay ln.
D. c kt ta keo trng v c kh bay ln.
3+
Gii : Khi cho dung dch baz tc dng vi dung dch mui nhm (cha ion Al ) th ban u c
kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta s tan nu baz cn d. Chn B

Cu 177 (H Khi B 2007) : Cho 200 ml dung dch AlCl3 1,5M tc dng vi V lt dung dch NaOH 0,5M,
lng kt ta thu c l 15,6 gam. Gi tr ln nht ca V l
A. 2.
B. 1,2.
C. 1,8.
D. 2,4.
15, 6
n AlCl3 = 1, 5.0, 2 = 0, 3 mol ; Al(OH)3 =
= 0, 2 mol ;
3+ = 0, 3 mol
Al
n

78

Gi tr ln nht ca V lng vi TH2 :

n NaOH = n OH

V = 1 : 0,5 = 2 lt , chn A

= 4n

Al

3+

n Al(OH) = 4.0, 3 0, 2 = 1 mol

3

max

Cu 178 (H Khi A 2007) : Trn dung dch cha a mol AlCl3 vi dung dch cha b mol NaOH. thu
c kt ta th cn c t l.
A. a : b > 1 : 4.
B. a : b < 1 : 4.
C. a : b = 1 : 4.
D. a : b = 1 : 5.
Al3+

+ 3OH

Al(OH)3

OH

hay Al3+ + 4 OH
4a
a

Al(OH)3

Al(OH) ( AlO 2 + 2H 2 O)
4

Al(OH)

Ta ch phng trnh cui, cn c th thu c kt ta th p buc n

< 4a b < 4a >

,
chn A
OH
b 4
Cu 179 (C 2007) : Thm m gam K vo 300 ml dung dch cha Ba(OH)2 0,1M v NaOH 0,1M thu c
dung dch X. Cho t t dung dch X vo 200 ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 0,1M thu c kt ta Y. thu c
lng kt ta Y ln nht th gi tr m l :
A. 1,59
B. 1,17
C. 1,71
D. 1,95
1
n
K+ H O KOH +
Ba(OH) 2 = 0, 03 mol
H

n Al

(SO )

4 3

= 0, 03 mol
= nK = x

= 0, 02 mol Al n = 0, 04 mol
3+

thu c lng kt ta Y ln nht l TH2 :

n OH max = 4n Al 3+
Chn B

= x+ 0, 09

OH

NaOH
KOH

n Al3+ = nAl(OH)3

n Al(OH)3 x + 0, 09 = 3.0, 04 x = 0,

= 0, 03.39 = 1,17 gam

03 m
Cu 180 : Khi cho 130 ml dung dch AlCl3 0,1M tc dng vi 20 ml dung dch NaOH th thu c 0,936 gam
kt ta. Nng mol/lt ca dung dch NaOH
A. 0,6M hoc 1,95M
B. 0,6M hoc 1,8M
C. 1,95M hoc 1,8M
D. 1,8M hoc 2M
n Al3+

= n AlCl3 =

0,13.0,1 = 0, 013 mol; n

TH1 : ch c kt ta n NaOH = n OH

Al(OH )3

0, 936
78

= 0, 012 mol

= 3nAl(OH)3 = 3.0, 012 = 0, 036 mol

min

[NaOH] = 0,036 : 0,02 = 1,8M

TH2 : c kt ta sau kt ta tan mt phn :
n NaOH = n
= 4n Al3+ n Al(OH)3 = 4.0, 013 0, 012 = 0, 04 mol
OH max
[NaOH] = 0,04 : 0,02 = 2M, chn D
Cu 181 : Cho V lt dung dch NaOH 0,3M vo 200 ml dung dch Al2(SO4)3 0,2M thu c kt ta keo trng.
Nung kt ta n khi lng khng i thu c 1,02 gam rn. Tnh th tch dung dch NaOH dng.
A. 0,4 lt hoc 1,2 lt
B. 0,2 lt hoc 1,2 lt
C. 0,2 lt hoc 1 lt
D. 0,4 lt hoc 1 lt
Aln3+ = 0, 08 mol
2
4 3
n Al

(SO )

mol

= 0, 2.0, 2 = 0, 04

1, 02
n Al2O3 = mol 102
= 0, 01

n Al(OH) = 2.n Al O = 0, 02 mol

Bo ton nguyn t Al:

TH1 : ch c kt ta n
OH

0, 06
= 3nAl(OH) 3 = 3.0, 02 = 0, 06 NaOH = lt 0, 3= 0, 2

min

V
TH2 : c kt ta sau kt ta tan mt phn :

OH

max

= 4n

Al

3+

0, 3
= 1 lt, chn C
n Al(OH) = 4.0, 08 0, 02 = 0, 3 mol =
0, 3
3

VNaOH
Cu 182 : Cho V lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,4M vo dung dch cha 0,3 mol AlCl3. Kt thc phn ng thy
c 7,8 gam kt ta. Tnh gi tr V
A. 0,375 v 1,375
B. 0,5 v 1,5
C. 0,87 v 1,87
D. 0,2 v 1,2
7, 8
n Al3+ = n AlCl = 0, 3 mol ; nAl(OH)3 =
= 0,1 mol; OH = 0, 8V
3
n

78
TH1 : ch c kt ta n
=
3n
Al(OH) 3 0, 8.V = 3.0,1 V = 0, 375 lt
OH min
TH2 : c kt ta sau kt ta tan mt phn :
n OH max = 4n Al3+ n Al(OH)3 0, 8V = 4.0, 3 0,1 V = 1, 375 lt, chn
A
Cu 183 : Trn ln dung dch cha x mol KOH vi dung dch cha 0,035 mol Al2(SO4)3. Kt thc phn
ng thy c 0,06 mol kt ta. Gi tr x l :
A. 0,06 v 0,18
B. 0,06 v 0,22
C. 0,18 v 0,22
D. Kt qu khc
n 3+
Al = 0, 035.2 = 0, 07 mol
TH1 : ch c kt ta n
= 3nAl(OH) = 0,18 mol
OH

min

TH2 : c kt ta sau kt ta tan mt phn :

n OH max = 4n Al 3+ n Al(OH)3
= 4.0, 07 0, 06 = 0, 22 mol , chn C
-

Dng 17 : CHO AXIT TC DNG VI DUNG DCH CHA MUI ALUMINAT (AlO2 )
Phng trnh ion khi cho t t dung
dch axit vo dung dch cha gc aluminat ::
+

AlO 2
Al(OH)
3

+ H +
+
+ 3H

H 2 O Al(OH) 3

+ 3H O
3+
Al
2

Khi cho dung dch baz tc dng vi dung dch mui nhm ( Na[Al(OH)4] hay NaAlO2 ) th ban
u c kt ta keo trng, sau kt ta s tan nu axit cn d.
Cng thc gii nhanh :
TH1 : ch c kt ta n H + = n Al(OH)3
TH2 : c kt ta sau kt ta tan mt phn : n

=
4n
+

3n

Ch n trng hp Ba

2+

+ SO4

AlO 2

Al(OH) 3

BaSO
+

Nu c baz th u tin phn ng H + OH

c ngha l n OH = nH +

H O
Cu 184 : Cn cho bao nhiu mol HCl vo dung dch cha 0,4 mol NaAlO2 thu c 0,1 mol kt ta ?
A. 0,1 mol v 1,3 mol
B. 0,1 mol v 0,4 mol
C. 0,2 mol v 0,6 mol
D. 0,2 v 1,4 mol
n = 0, 4 mol; n
= 0,1 mol
AlO 2

Al(OH)3

Cch 1 : C 2 kh nng :
TH1 : HCl dng thiu (kt ta cha t cc i)

AlO 2
+ H +
H 2 O Al(OH)3
0,1
0,1
0,1 mol
TH2 : HCl dng
d (kt ta t +cc i ri tan 1 phn)

AlO 2
H 2 O Al(OH) 3
+ H +
0, 4
0,4
0,4
+
Al(OH)
+ 3H

+ 3H O
3+
Al
3

0,9 mol

(0,4 0,1)
n H+ = 0, 4 + 0, 9 = 1, 3 mol ,
chn A

nH
Cch 2 : n

+min

= n = 0,1 mol
= 4.n 3. = 4.0, 4 0, 3 = 1, 3 mol
n

H max

AlO 2

Cu 185 : Cn cho nhiu nht bao nhiu lt dung dch HCl 1M vo dung dch cha 0,7 mol Na[Al(OH)4]
thu c 39 gam kt ta ?
A. 1,3 lt
B. 2,2 lt
C. 1,8 lt
D. 2,1 lt
39
n
=n
= 0, 7 mol; n
=
= 0, 5 mol

Na[Al(OH ) 4 ]

AlO 2

Al(OH) 3

78
n
=
Th tch dd HCl nhiu ng vi TH2 : HCl n H + max = 4.n AlO2 3.n = 4.0, 7 3.0, 5 = 1, 3 mol
VHCl = 1,3 lt, Chn A
Cu 186 : Dung dch A cha KOH v 0,3 mol K[Al(OH)4]. Cho 1 mol HCl vo dung dch A thu c 15,6
gam kt ta. S mol KOH trong dung dch l :
A. 0,8 hoc 1,2
B. 0,8 hoc 0,4
C. 0,6 hoc 0
D. 0,8 hoc 0,9
15, 6
n Al(OH)3 =
= 0, 2 mol; AlO= 0, 3 mol; n H+ = 1 mol , t s mol KOH l x
2
n

78
u tin phn ng

+
H +

OH
TH1 :
TH2 :

H min

nH

H2O

= nAl(OH) = 0, 2 mol
3

= 4n
max

AlO

c ngha l n
= n = n + = x
KOH
OH
H

3n

Al(OH)3

Vy n H+ = x + 0, 2 = 1 x = 0,8
= 4.0, 3 3.0, 2 = 0, 6

Vy n H+ = x + 0, 6 = 1 x = 0, 4 ,
Chn B
Cu 187 : Trn ln dung dch cha 0,17 mol HCl vo dung dch cha a mol Ba(AlO2)2. Kt thc phn ng,
thu c 0,05 mol kt ta. Gi tr a l :
A. 0,025
B. 0,04
C. 0,08
D.0,015
n + = 0,17 mol; n = 2a; n
= 0, 05 mol
H

AlO 2

Al(OH)3

TH1 : n + n Tri gi thuyt

H
TH2 :
= 4n 3n
0,17 = 4.2a 3.0, 05 a = 0, 04 mol
+

max

AlO 2

Al(OH)3

Ta chn B
2+
Dng 18 : MUI Zn TC DNG VI DUNG DCH CHA ION OH
2+
Khi cho t t dung dch kim vo dung dch cha ion Zn th c pt ion sau :

2+
Zn(OH)
+ 2OH
Zn

Zn(OH)2 + 2OH
Cng thc gii nhanh :

ZnO
2

+ 2H O

TH1 : ch c kt ta n

OH

min

= 2n Zn(OH)

TH2 : c kt ta sau kt ta tan mt phn :

= 4n 2+ 2n
n
2
OH max
Zn
Zn(OH)
Ch n trng hp
2+
2
Ba + SO 4 BaSO 4
Nu c baz th u tin phn ng +
c ngha l n
H +
=n +

OH
H
OH

H 2O

Cu 188 : Cn bao nhiu mol NaOH vo dung dch cha 0,4 mol ZnCl2 c 0,1 mol kt ta
A. 0,2 v 0,6
B. 0,2 v 0,4
C. 0,2 v 1
D. 0,2 v 1,4
Cch 1 : n OH = n NaOH
+ NaOH
dng
thiu ( tc kt ta cha cc i )
2+

Zn + 2OH Zn(OH) 2
0,1
0,1
0, 2

n = nNaOH = 0, 2 mol
OH

Zn

2+

+ 2OH

Zn(OH)2

0,8
0,4
+ NaOH dng d ( tc kt ta t cc i ri tan bt 1 phn ) 0,4

2
Zn(OH)2 +
2OH ZnO
2
2+ 2H O

(0,4
0,6
0,3
0,1)
n = nNaOH = 0,8 + 0, 6 = 1, 4 mol , chn
OH

Cu 189 : Th tch dung dch NaOH 1M ln nht l bao nhiu cn cho vo 200 ml dung dch ZnCl2 2M
c 29,7 gam kt ta. A. 1 lt
B. 0,7 lt
C. 1,8 lt
D. 2,1 lt
29, 7
= 0, 3 mol
n OH = 1.V; n 2+ = n ZnCl = 0, 2.2 = 0, 4 mol; Zn(OH)2 =
Zn
99

n OH max = 4nZn 2+

Zn(OH) 2

V = 4.0, 4 2.0, 3 = 1

Ta chn A
Cu 190 : Cho V lt dung dch KOH 2M tc dng va vi 200 ml dung dch ZnCl2 1M ta thu c mt kt
ta, em nung n khi lng khng i thu c 12,15 gam cht rn trng. Hy tnh V ?
A. 150 ml hoc 200 ml
B. 150 ml hoc 250 ml
C. 100 ml hoc 200 ml
D. 140 ml hoc 200 ml
12,15
n ZnO =
= 0,15 mol; n = 2V; n 2+ = 0, 2 mol
OH
Zn
81
Zn(OH) 2 ZnO + H 2 O
0,15 0,15 mol

TH1 : ch c kt ta n

OH min

= 2nZn(OH) 2V = 2.0,15
2

Suy ra V = 0,15 lt = 150 ml

TH2 : c kt ta sau kt ta tan mt phn :
n OH max = 4nZn2+ Zn(OH) 2 2.V = 4.0, 2 2.0,15
Suy ra V = 0,25 lt = 250 ml, Chn B

ZnO22 TC DNG VI DUNG DCH CHA

Dng 19 : MUI

Khi cho t t dung dch axit vo dung dch mui km zincat :

2

ZnO 2
+
Zn(OH) 2 +

2H

2H

Zn(OH) 2
Zn
2

2+

H 2O

ION

 nH + = 2.n
2
Zn(OH)
Cng thc gii nhanh :
= 4.n 2 2.nZn(OH)
ZnO2
2
|n
+
H
Cu 191 : Cn bao nhiu mol HCl cho vo dung dch cha 0,4 mol Na2ZnO2 thu c 0,1 mol kt ta
A. 0,3 v 0,7
B. 0,4 v 0,6
C. 0,6 v 0,8
D. 0,2 v 1,4

n = n HCl = 2.n Zn(OH)2 = 0, 2 mol

Cng thc gii nhanh :
H+
| n H+ = n HCl = 4.n ZnO2
2.n Zn(OH)2
2

= 4.0, 4 2.0,1 = 1, 4 mol

Cu 192 : Cho 200 ml dung dch A cha NaZnO2 0,5M v NaOH 0,1M. Rt V ml dung dch HCl 0,5M vo
dung dch A. Tnh V thu c lng kt ta ln nht ?
A. 110 ml
B. 220 ml
C. 330 ml
D. 440 ml
n 2 = 0, 5.0, 2 = 0,1 mol; = 0, 02 mol; + = 0, 5V
n
n
ZnO2

u tin :

0,02

OH

OH H 2 O
0,02

lng kt ta ln nht ng vi TH2 : n H + = 4.n

ZnO 2

2.n

Suy ra V = 0,44 lt = 440 ml , chn D v ch : nZnO

Zn(OH)2

=n

0, 5V 0, 02 = 4.0,1 2.0,1

Dng 20 : TON THY LUYN KIM LOI Fe

Fe + dung dch Ag(NO3)3 Fe(NO3)2 + Ag
+

+
2+
2+
3+
2H
Ag
Fe
Cu
Fe
,
,
,
Qui tc anpha :
,
Fe
Cu
Ag
H2
2+
Fe
n +
Ag

Ta c t l : k = n Fe
k 2 to mui Fe 2+ v Fe
d

nFe = x + y

2 < k < 3 to mui Fe 2+ v

3+
Fe
k 3 to mui Fe3+ v Ag
d

2+

3+

Fe + 2Ag Fe
Fe + 3Ag Fe

+ 2Ag
+

Ta c h :

= 2x + 3y

Ag +

3Ag
Cu 193 : Cho 4,2 gam bt Fe vo 360 ml dung dch AgNO3 0,5M lc u cho phn ng hon ton. Tnh s
mol mi cht tan thu c sau phn ng
A. Fe(NO3)2 : 0,045 mol v Fe(NO3)3 : 0,03 mol
B. Fe(NO3)2 : 0,04 mol v Fe(NO3)3 : 0,035 mol

C. Fe(NO3)2 : 0,055 mol v Fe(NO3)3 : 0,037 mol

D. Fe(NO3)2 : 0,065 mol v Fe(NO3)3 : 0,085 mol
n Fe = 0, 075 mol; n Ag = n AgNO3 = 0,18 mol
n Ag+
0,18
2<k=
=
= 2, 4 < 3
n Fe 0, 075
Sn phm to ra 2 mui

Fe + 2Ag + Fe 2+ +
2Ag
x
2x

x
+

Fe + 3Ag Fe
3Ag
y 3y

3+

nFe = x + y = 0, 075

Ta chn A
Ta c h : {

n
+
Ag + = 2x + 3 y = 0,18 x = 0, 045; y =
0, 03

Cu 194 : Cho Fe tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d, sau phn ng thu c dung dch X v kt ta Y. Trong
dung dch X c cha :
A. Fe(NO3)2 v AgNO3
B. Fe(NO3)3 v AgNO3
C. Fe(NO3)2 , Fe(NO3)3 v AgNO3
D. Fe(NO3)3
+

3+

AgNO3 d nn ch to mui Fe v Ag d, chn B

Cu 195 : Cho Fe tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 d, sau phn ng thu c dung dch X v kt ta Y. Kt
ta Y chnh l : A. Ag , Fe
B. Ag
C. Fe
D. Cu
3+

AgNO3 d nn ch to mui Fe v Ag d v kim loi kt ta l Ag, chn B

Cu 196 : Cho m gam bt Fe vo dung dch AgNO3 d, sau phn ng thu c dung dch X v kt ta Y c
khi lng 16,2 gam. Vy m c gi tr :
A. 2,8 gam
B. 4,2 gam
C. 5,6 gam
D. 8,4 gam
16, 2
+
n =n =
= 0,15
+ 3Ag
3+
+ 3Ag
AgNO
Fe
d
mol
Fe

3
Y
Ag
108
0,15 mol
0, 05
mFe = 56.0,05 = 2,8 gam. Chn A
Cu 197 : Cho 11,2 gam bt Fe vo 450 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M, lc u n khi phn ng kt thc thu
c kim loi c khi lng l :
A. 43,2 gam
B. 51,4 gam
C. 48,6 gam
D. 64,8 gam
n Fe = 0, 2 mol; n Ag + = n AgNO3 = 0, 45 mol
n Ag+ 0, 45
2<k=
=
= 2, 25 < 3
n Fe
0, 2
Fe
+ x2Ag +
Fex2+ +
2Ag
2x
2x
Sn phm to ra 2 mui
Fe + 3Ag + Fe3+ + 3Ag
y 3y
y
3y
n
=
x
+
y
=
0,
2
Fe
Ta c h : Ag +
x = 0,15; y = 0, 05
= 2x + 3y = 0, 45

mAg = 108.(2x + 3y) = 108.0,45 = 48,6 Ta chn C

Cu 198 : Ha tan ht 5,6 gam Fe trong dung dch AgNO3 thu c mt loi mui st. Khi lng mui s
bng ?
A.18 gam hoc 15,6 gam
B. 12 gam hoc 15 gam
C. 24,2 gam hoc 18 gam
D. 24,4 gam hoc 16 gam
Gii : V ch thu 1 loi mui nn c 2 kh nng :
Kh nng 1 : to Fe(NO3)3 vi
3 3
n
= n Fe = 0,1
mol
Kh nng 2 : to Fe(NO3)2 vi Fe(NO3 )2
Ta chn C
n Fe(NO ) = n Fe = 0,1 mol

3 3

3 2

n Fe(NO ) = 0,1.180 = 18 gam

n Fe(NO ) = 0,1.242 = 24, 2 gam
Cu 199 : Ha tan ht 5,6 gam bt Fe vo 220 ml dung dch AgNO3 1M, lc u n khi phn ng kt thc
thu c m gam mui st khan c khi lng l :
A. 18,56 gam
B. 19,24 gam
C. 18,42 gam
D. 22,14 gam

n Fe = 0,1 mol; n Ag = n AgNO = 0, 22 mol

n Ag
0, 22
2<k=
=
= 2, 2 < 3
n Fe
0,1
+
Fe

Fex2+ +
2Ag+ x2Ag
2x
2x
Sn phm to ra 2 mui
+

nFe

Fe + 3Ag + Fe3+ + 3Ag

y 3y
y
3y
= x + y = 0,1

Ta c h : Ag +
x = 0, 08; y = 0, 02
= 2x + 3 y = 0, 22
{
n

n = n
= 0, 08 m Fe(NO ) = 0, 08.180 = 14, 4 gam
Fe(NO )
= n Fe(NO ) = 0, 02 m Fe(NO ) = 0, 02.242 = 4, 84 gam
Fe

n Fe
2+

3 2

3 2

3 3

3 3

3+

m mui st = 14,4 + 4,84 = 19,24 gam, chn B