CHUYN BI TP V T IN

DNG I:TNH TON CC I LNG

PP Chung:
Van dung cong thc:

ien dung cua tu ien: C =

W =

Q
U

1 Q2
1
1
= Q.U = C.U 2
2 C
2
2

ien dung cua tu ien phang: C =

(1)

. o .S

Nang lng cua tu ien:

.S

(2)
d
9.10 9 .4. .d
Trong o S la dien tch cua mot ban (la phan oi dien vi ban kia)
oi vi tu ien bien thien th phan oi dien cua hai ban se thay
oi.
Cong thc (2) ch ap dung cho trng hp chat ien moi lap ay
khoang khong gian gia hai ban. Neu lp ien moi ch chiem mot phan
khoang khong gian gia hai ban th can phai phan tch, lap luan mi tnh
c ien dung C cua tu ien.
- Lu y cac ieu kien sau:
+ Noi tu ien vao nguon: U = const.
+ Ngat tu ien khoi nguon: Q = const.
1. Tu ien phang gom hai ban tu co dien tch 0,05 m 2 at cach nhau 0,5
mm, ien dung cua tu la 3 nF. Tnh hang so ien moi cua lp ien moi
gia hai ban tu.
s: 3,4.
2. Mot tu ien khong kh neu c tch ien lng 5,2. 10 -9 C th ien trng
gia hai ban tu la 20000 V/m. Tnh dien tch moi ban tu.
s: 0,03 m2.
3. Mot tu ien phang ien dung 12 pF, ien moi la khong kh. Khoang
cach gia hai ban tu 0,5 cm. Tch ien cho tu ien di hieu ien the 20 V.
Tnh:
a. ien tch cua tu ien.
b. Cng o ien trng trong tu.
s: 24. 10-11C, 4000 V/m.
4. Mot tu ien phang khong kh, ien dung 40 pF, tch ien cho tu ien
hieu ien the 120V.
a. Tnh ien tch cua tu.
b. Sau o thao bo nguon ien roi tang khoang cach gia hai ban tu
len gap oi. Tnh hieu ien the mi gia hai ban tu. Biet rang ien dung
cua tu ien phang t le nghch vi khoang cach gia hai ban cua no.
s: 48. 10-10C, 240 V.
5. Tu ien phang khong kh co ien dung C = 500 pF c tch ien en
hieu ien the 300 V.
a. Tnh ien tch Q cua tu ien.
b. Ngat tu ien khoi nguon roi nhung tu ien vao chat ien moi
long co = 2. Tnh ien dung C 1 , ien tch Q1 va hieu ien the U 1 cua tu
ien luc o.
c. Van noi tu ien vi nguon nhng nhung tu ien vao chat ien
moi long co = 2. Tnh C2 , Q2 , U2 cua tu ien.
s: a/ 150 nC ;
1

b/ C1 = 1000 pF, Q1 = 150 nC, U1 =

150 V.
c/ C 2 = 1000 pF, Q2 = 300 nC, U2 =
300 V.
6. Tu ien phang khong kh ien dung 2 pF c tch ien hieu ien the
600V.
a. Tnh ien tch Q cua tu.
b. Ngat tu khoi nguon, a hai au tu ra xa e khoang cach tang gap
oi. Tnh C1, Q1, U1 cua tu.
c. Van noi tu vi nguon, a hai ban tu ra xa e khoang cach tang
gap oi. Tnh C2, Q2, U2 cua tu.
s: a/ 1,2. 10-9 C.
b/ C 1 = 1pF, Q1 = 1,2. 10-9 C, U1 =
1200V.
c/ C2 = 1 pF, Q2 = 0,6. 10-9 C, U2 =
600 V.
7 Tu ien phang co cac ban tu hnh tron ban knh 10 cm. Khoang cach va
hieu ien the gia hai ban la 1cm, 108 V. Gia hai ban la khong kh. Tm
ien tch cua tu ien ?
s: 3. 10-9 C.
8. Tu ien phang gom hai ban tu hnh vuong cach a = 20 cm at cach nhau
1 cm. Chat ien moi gia hai ban la thuy tinh co = 6. Hieu ien the
gia hai ban U = 50 V.
a. Tnh ien dung cua tu ien.
b. Tnh ien tch cua tu ien.
c. Tnh nang lng cua tu ien, tu ien co dung e lam nguon ien
c khong ?
s: 212,4 pF ; 10,6 nC ; 266 nJ.
9.T in cu to bi qu cu bn knh R1 v v cu bn knh R2(R1< R2).Tnh in dung ca qu cu ny?
R1 R2
S:
k ( R1 + R2 )

DNG II:GHP T CHA TCH IN

A.L THUYT
PP Chung:
- Van dung cac cong thc tm ien dung (C), ien tch (Q), hieu ien
the (U) cua tu ien trong cac cach mac song song, noi tiep.
- Neu trong bai toan co nhieu tu c mac hon hp, ta can tm ra
c cach mac tu ien cua mach o roi mi tnh toan.
- Khi tu ien b anh thung, no tr thanh vat dan.
- Sau khi ngat tu ien khoi nguon va van gi tu ien o co lap th
ien tch Q cua tu o van khong thay oi.
oi vi bai toan ghep tu ien can lu y hai trng hp:
+ Neu ban au cac tu cha tch ien, khi ghep noi tiep th cac tu
ien co cung ien tch va khi ghep song song cac tu ien co cung mot
hieu ien the.
+ Neu ban au tu ien (mot hoac mot so tu ien trong bo) a
c tch ien can ap dung nh luat bao toan ien tch (Tong ai so cac
ien tch cua hai ban noi vi nhau bang day dan c bao toan, ngha la
2

tong ien tch cua hai ban o trc khi noi vi nhau bang tong ien tch
cua chung sau khi noi).

. Nghin cu v s thay i in dung ca t in phng

+ Khi a mt tm in mi vo bn trong t in phng th chnh tm l mt t phng v trong
phn cp phn in tch i din cn li to thnh mt t iin phng. Ton b s to thnh mt mch t m
ta d dng tnh in dung. in dung ca mch chnh l in dung ca t khi thay i in mi.
+ Trong t in xoay c s thay i in dung l do s thay i in tch i din ca cc tm. Nu l
c n tm th s c (n-1) t phng mc song song.
B.BI TP VN DNG
1. Mot tu ien phang ien dung C = 0,12 F co lp ien moi day 0,2 mm
co hang so ien moi = 5. Tu c at di mot hieu ien the U = 100
V.
a. Tnh dien tch cac ban cua tu ien, ien tch va nang lng cua tu.
b. Sau khi c tch ien, ngat tu khoi nguon roi mac vao hai ban
cua tu ien C1 = 0,15 F cha c tch ien. Tnh ien tch cua bo tu ien,
hieu ien the va nang lng cua bo tu.
s: a/ 0,54 m2, 12 C, 0,6 mJ.
b/ 12 C, 44,4 V, 0,27 mJ.
2. Mot tu ien 6 F c tch ien di mot hieu ien the 12V.
a. Tnh ien tch cua moi ban tu.
b. Hoi tu ien tch luy mot nang lng cc ai la bao nhieu ?
c. Tnh cong trung bnh ma nguon ien thc hien e a 1 e t ban
mang ien tch dng ban mang ien tch am ?
s: a/ 7,2. 10-5 C.
b/ 4,32. 10-4 J.
c/
9,6.
10-19 J.
3. Tnh ien dung tng ng, ien tch, hieu ien the trong moi tu
ien cac trng hp sau (hnh ve)
C2
C2
C1

C2

C3

C1

C2

C3

C3
C1
C1

C3
(Hnh 1)
(Hnh 4)
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh
Hnh

1:
2:
3:
4:

C1
C1
C1
C1

=
=
=
=

(Hnh 2)

(Hnh 3)

2 F, C2 = 4 F, C3 = 6 F. UAB = 100 V.
1 F, C2 = 1,5 F, C3 = 3 F. UAB = 120 V.
0,25 F, C2 = 1 F, C3 = 3 F. UAB = 12 V.
C2 = 2 F, C3 = 1 F, UAB = 10 V.

4. Co 3 tu ien C1 = 10 F, C2 = 5 F, C3 = 4 F c mac vao nguon

ien co
C1
C3
hieu ien the U = 38 V.
a. Tnh ien dung C cua bo tu ien, ien tch va hieu ien the tren
cac
C2
tu ien.
b. Tu C3 b anh thung. Tm ien tch va hieu ien the tren tu C1.
s: a/ Cb 3,16 F.
3

Q1 = 8. 10-5 C, Q2 = 4. 10-5 C, Q3 = 1,2.

10-4 C,
U1 = U2 = 8 V, U3 = 30 V.
b/ Q1 = 3,8. 10-4 C, U1 = 38 V.
5. Cho bo tu mac nh hnh ve:
C1 = 1 F, C2 = 3 F, C3 = 6 F, C4 = 4 F. UAB = 20 V.
C2
Tnh ien dung bo tu, ien tch va hieu ien the moi tu khi.
a. K h.
C4
b. K ong.
6. Trong hnh ben C1 = 3 F, C2 = 6 F, C3 = C4 = 4 F, C5 = 8 F.
C2
U = 900 V. Tnh hieu ien the gia A va B ?

C1

C3
C1
C3

C4
s: UAB = - 100V.
C5
7. Cho mach ien nh hnh ve:
C1 = C2 = C3 = C4 =C5 = 1 F, U = 15 V.
C1
C2
Tnh ien dung cua bo tu, ien tch va hieu ien the cua moi tu khi:
C5
a. K h.
b. K ong.
C3
C4
8. Cho bo tu ien nh hnh ve.
C2
C2 = 2 C1, UAB = 16 V. Tnh UMB.
C1
C1
s: 4 V.

C2
C1

9. Cho bo 4 tu ien giong nhau ghep theo 2 cach nh hnh ve.

a. Cach nao co ien dung ln hn.
b. Neu ien dung tu khac nhau th chung phai co lien he
the nao e CA = CB (ien dung cua hai cach ghep bang nhau)
Hnh A.

Hnh B.
s:

a/ CA =

4
CB.
3

C1 .C 2
b/ C 4 =
C1 + C 2

Bi 10:Tnh in dung ca b t in, in tch v hiu in th ca mi t trong cc trng hp sau y:

4

C1
C1

C2

C3

C1

a) C1=2 F ; C2=4 F C3=6 F ;

U= 100V
/S :C=12 F ;U1=U2=U3= 100V

b) C1=1 F ; C2=1,5 F C3=3 F

; U= 120V
/S :C=0,5 F ;U1=60V;U2=40V;U3= 20V

Q1=2.10-4C; Q2= 4.10-4C Q3= 6.10-4C

Q1= Q2= Q3= 6.10-5C

C2

C3

C2
C3
c) C1=0,25 F ; C2=1
F C3=3 F ; U= 12V
/S: C=1 F ;U1=12V;U2=9V
U3= 3V
Q1=3.10-6 C; Q2=Q3= 910-6 C

Bi11:: Hai t in khng kh phng c in dung l C1= 0,2 F v C2= 0,4 F mc song song. B c tch
in n hiu in th U=450V ri ngt khi ngun. Sau lp y khong gia hai bn t in C2 bng
in mi c hng s in mi l 2. Tnh in th ca b t v in tch ca mi t
/S: 270V; 5,4.10-5 C v 2,16. 10-5 C
Bi12: Hai t in phng c C1= 2C2,mc ni tip vo ngun U khng i. Cng in trng trong C1
thay i bao nhiu ln nu nhng C2 vo cht in mi c = 2 .
/S: Tng 1,5 ln

Bi 13: Ba tm kim loi phng ging nhau t song song vi nhau nh hnh v:
Din tch ca mi bn l S= 100cm2, Khong cch gia hai bn lin tip l d= 0,5cm
B
Ni A v B vi ngun U= 100V
a) Tnh in dung ca b t v in tch ca mi bn
b) Ngt A v B ra khi ngun in. Dch chuyn bn B theo
phng vung gc vi cc bn t in mt on l x.
A
Tnh hiu in th gia A v B theo x. p dng khi x= d/2
/s: a) 3,54.10-11 F; 1,77.10-9 C v 3,54.10-9 C
d 2 x2
b) U ' = U .
; 75V
d2
Bi 14: Bn tm kim loi phng ging nhau nh hnh v.
A
Khong cch BD= 2AB=2DE. B v D c ni vi ngun
in U=12V, sau ngt ngun i. Tm hiu in th gia
B
B v D nu sau :
D
a) Ni A vi B
b) Khng ni A vi B nhng lp y khong gia B v D
C
bng in mi = 3
/S a) 8V
b) 6V
Bi 15: T in phng khng kh C=2pF. Nhng chm mt
na vo trong in mi lng = 3 . Tm in dung ca t in nu khi nhng, cc bn t :
a) Thng ng
b) Nm ngang
/S
a) 4pF
b)3pF
Cho b t in mc nh hnh v bn:
Chng minh rng nu c:
C1 C 3
C1 C 2
=
=
Hoc
C2 C4
C3 C 4

C1
A

C2
B

5
C3

C4

Th khi K ng hay K m, in dung ca b

t u khng thay i

Bi 16
Mt t in phng c in dung C0. Tm in dung ca
t in khi a vo bn trong t mt tm in mi c
hng s in mi , c din tch i din bng mt na
din tch mt tm, c chiu dy bng mt phn ba
khong cch hai tm t, c b rng bng b rng tm t,
trong hai trng hp sau:

T C CHA NGUN
1. Cho mch nh hnh v. Bit C1=2F, C2=10F, C3=5F; U1=18V, U2=10V. Tnh in tch v HT
trn mi t?
C1
M
C2
C3
+ U 1N - U2 +
2.Cho mach nh hnh v. Bit U1=12V, U2=24V; C1=1F, C2=3F. Lc u kho K m.
a/ Tnh in tch v HT trn mi t?
b/ Kho K ng li. Tnh in lng qua kho K
C1
M
C2
K
+ U 1- N + U2
3. Cho mch nh hnh v: Bit C1=1F, C2=3F, C3=4F, C4=2; U=24V.
a/ Tnh in tch cc t khi K m?
b/Tm in lng qua kho K khi K ng.
C1
M
C2
A

Bi4Cho mt s t in ging nhau c in dung l C0= 3 F .

Nu cch mc dng t nht cc t in trn mc thnh b t
c in dung l C= 5 F . V s cch mc ny?

C4

+
-

C5

C3

C2

C
1

Bi 5: Cho b t nh hnh v .Tnh in dung ca b t

hiu in th gia hai bn t in, v in tch ca cc t.
Cho bit: C1=C3=C5=1 F ; C2= 4 F ;
v C4= 1,2 F . U= 30V

C2

C2

Bi 6: Cho b t in nh hnh v sau y:

C2= 2C1; UAB= 16V. Tnh UMB

A
B

Bi 7: Cho mch t nh hnh, bit: C1 = 6 F, C2

=4 F, C3 = 8 F, C4 = 5 F, C5 = 2 F. Hy tnh in

C3

C1

C1

C1

C4

dung ca b

+U

T XOAY:
Bi 1:T xoay gm n tm hnh bn nguyt ng knh D=12cm, khong cch gia hai tm lin tip
d=0,5mm. Phn i din gia hai bn c nh v bn di chuyn c dng hnh qut vi gc tm l
00<<1800.
a.Bit in dung cc i ca t l 1500nF.n=?
(n=16 bn)
0
b.T ni vi hdt U=500V v v tr gc =120 .Tnh in tch ca t? (Q=5.10-7C)
c.Sau ngt t v iu chnh . Xc nh c s phng in gia hai bn. Bit
Egh=3.106 V/m(<400)
Bi 2:T xoay c Cmax=490pF v in dung cc tiu Cmin=10pF ng 200 c to bi n=10 l kim
loi hnh bn nguyt gn vo trc chung i qua tm ng trn v lt vo gia 11 l c nh c cng
kch thc.
a.in mi l khng kh, d gia 1 bn c nh v bn gn n nht l 0,5mm.Hy tnh R mi bn?
b.Tnh in dung ca t xoay khi cho cc l chuyn ng quay mt gc k t v tr ng gi tr cc
i CM?
c.t C v tr ng gi tr cc i CM v t hiu in th U=60V vo hai cc b t. Sau b
ngun i v xoay cc l chuyn ng mt gc . Xc nh hiu in th ca t theo , xt trng hp
=600?
..
MCH CU
* Mch cu t in cn bng :
- Khi mc vo mch in, nu Q5 = 0 hay VM=VN( U5 = 0 )
7

Ta c mch cu t in cn bng, khi

- Ngc li nu

C1 C 3
=
C2 C4

C1 C 3
=
th Q5 = 0 ( hoc U5 = 0 , VM = VN )
C2 C4

Bi 1:
C1

Cho b t in mc nh hnh v bn:

Chng minh rng nu c:
C1 C 3
=
C2 C4

C2

C1 C 2
=
C3 C 4

Hoc

Th khi K ng hay K m, in dung ca

b t u khng thay i

NK

C3

C4

Bi 2:
: Cho mch t nh hnh, bit: C1 = 6 F, C2 =4 F,
C3 = 8 F, C4 = 6 F, C5 = 2 F. Hy tnh in dung ca b
Bi 3: Cho mch t nh hnh, bit: C1 = 6 F, C2 =4 F, C3 = 8
F, C4 = 5 F, C5 = 2 F. Hy tnh in dung ca b

Bi4:
dung

:
ca

hiu

in

th

hai

Tnh in
mi
bn
t?

Bi 5:Hnh v v cu hi nh bi trn vi s liu: : C 1 = 6 F, C2 =6 F, C3 = 2 F, C4 = 4 F, C5 =

4 F, di hiu in th U=20V.

..
DNG III:GHP T CHA IN TCH
Bi 1: em tch in cho t in C 1 = 3 F n hiu in th U1 = 300V, cho t in C2 = 2 F n
hiu in th U2 = 220V ri:
a) Ni cc tm tch in cng du vi nhau
b) Ni cc tm tch in khc du vi nhau
8

c) Mc ni tip hai t in (hai bn m c ni vi nhau) ri mc vo hiu in th U = 400V.

Tm in tch v hiu in th ca mi t trong trong trng hp trn.
Bi 2: em tch in cho t in C1 = 1 F n hiu in th U1 = 20V, cho t in C2 = 2 F n
hiu in th U2 = 9V .Sau ni hai bn m hai t vi nhau, 2 bn dng ni vi hai bn ca t
C3=3 F cha tch in.
a.Tnh in tch v hiu in th mi bn sau khi ni?
b.Xc nh chiu v s e di chuyn qua dy ni hai bn m hai t C1 v C2?
..
DNG IV:HIU IN TH GII HN
A.L THUYT
Trng hp 1 t:Ugh=Egh.d
Trng hp nhiu t: Ub=Min(Uigh)
B.BI TP
Bi 1: Hai bn ca mt t in phng c dng hnh trn bn knh R = 30cm, khong cch gia hai
bn l d = 5mm, gia hai bn l khng kh.
a. Tnh in dung ca t.
b. Bit rng khng kh ch cch in khi cng in trng ti a l 3.105V/m. Hi:
- Hiu in th gii hn ca t in.
- C th tch cho t in mt in tch ln nht l bao nhiu t khng b nh thng?
Bi 2: hai t in c in dung ln lt C1 = 5.10-10F v C2 = 15.10-10F, c mc ni tip vi nhau.
Khong cch gia hai bn ca mi t in l d = 2mm. in trng gii hn ca mi t E gh =
1800V. Tnh hiu in th gii hn ca b t. Ugh=4,8V
Bi 3
Ba t in c in dung C1=0,002 F; C2=0,004 F; C3=0,006 F c mc ni tip thnh b.
Hiu in th nh thng ca mi t in l 4000 V.Hi b t in trn c th chu c hiu in
th U=11000 V khng? Khi hiu in th t trn mi t l bao nhiu?
S: Khng. B s b nh thng; U1=6000 V; U2=3000 V; U3=2000 V
Bi 4
Mt b t gm 5 t in ging ht nhau ni tip mi t c C=10 F c ni vo ht 100 V
1) Hi nng lng ca b thay i ra sao nu 1 t b nh thng
2) Khi t trn b nh thng th nng lng ca b t b tiu hao do phng in. Tm nng lng tiu
hao .
Bi 5: Hai t c C1=5F, C2=10F; Ugh1=500V, Ugh2=1000V;.Ghp hai t in thnh b. Tm hiu
in th gii hn ca b t in nu hai t:
a.Ghp song song
b.Ghp ni tip
DNG V:NNG LNG IN TRNG
Bi 1:t phng khng kh tch in ri ngt khi ngun. Hi nng lng ca t thay i th no khi
nhng t vo in mi c =2.
(gim mt na)
Bi 2: Mt t in c in dung C1 = 0,2F , khong cch gia hai bn l d 1 = 5cm c np in
n hiu in th U = 100V.
9

a. Tnh nng lng ca t in.

(W=10-3J)

b. Ngt t ra khi ngun in. Tnh bin thin nng lng ca t khi dch hai bn gn li
cn cch nhau d2 = 1cm. (W=0,8.10-3J)
Bi 3: T phng c S = 200cm2, in mi l bn thy tinh dy d = 1nn, = 5, tch in di hiu
in th U = 300V. Rt bn thy tinh khi t. Tnh bin thin nng lng ca t v cng cn thc
hin. Cng ny dng lm g? Xt trong cc trng hp:
a. T c ngt khi ngun. (1,593.10-4J)
b. T vn ni vi ngun.
(3,18.10-5J)
Bi 4: Hai t in phng khng kh ging nhau c in dung C mc song song v c tch n hiu
in th U ri ngt khi ngun. Hai bn ca mt t c nh, cn hai bn ca t kia c th chuyn
ng t do.Tm vn tc ca cc bn t do ti thi im m khong cch gia chng gim i mt na.
Bit khi lng ca mi bn t l M, b qua tc dng ca trng lc.
S: v = U

C
3M

Bi 5: T phng khng kh C=10-10 F, c tch in n hiu in th U=100V ri ngt khi ngun.

Tnh cng cn thc hin tng khong cch hai bn t ln gp i?
S: 5.10-7J
Bi 6 : T phng khng kh C=6.10-6 F c tch n U=600V ri ngt khi ngun.
a.Nhng t vo cht in mi c = 4 ngp 2/3 din tch mi bn. Tnh hiu in th ca t?
b.Tnh cng cn thit nhc t in ra khi in mi. B qua trng lng t?
S;A.U=200V
b.0,72J
Bi7
Mt t in phng m in mi c =2 mc vo ngun in c ht U=100 V; khong cch gia 2
bn l d=0,5 cm; din tch mt bn l 25 cm2
1) Tnh mt nng lng in trng trong t
(0,707J/m3)
2) Sau khi ngt t ra khi ngun,in tch ca t in phng qua lp in mi gia 2 bn t n lc
in tch ca t bng khng. Tnh nhit lng to ra in mi
(4,42.10-8J)
Bi 8: T phng khng kh c din tch i din gia hai bn l S, khong cch 2 bn l x, ni vi
ngun c hiu in th U khng i.
a. Nng lng t thay i th no khi x tng.
b. Bit vn tc cc bn tch xa nhau l v. Tnh cng sut cn tch cc bn theo x.
c. Cng cn thit v bin thin nng lng ca t bin thnh dng nng lng no?

10