u im : 1. Thuc tnh cch in tt. 2. dn nhit cao nht. 3. T trng thp nht. 4. Khng tn km. 5.

. Kim sot kh duy tr sch v kh. 6. D dng qun l. 7. D dng pht hin. Nhc im : 1. D chy. 2. H thng kn

Ti sao Hydrogen lm mt?

TNG TH H THNG MY PHT IN LM MT BNG H2

I.5. H THNG LM MT MY PHT IN:

Lm mt my pht in khi vn hnh c nh hng quyt nh n gii hn cng sut lm vic ca n, thm ch quyt nh c gii hn tuyt i v cng sut (cng sut ch to) ca my. Tht vy, cng sut nh mc ca my pht xc nh bi nhit nng cho php lu di ca cch in. Nhit trong my khi lm vic li ph thuc vo tn tht cng sut trong cc b phn ca my (dy dn, li thp) v kh nng tn nhit t my ra mi trng ngoi, m h thng lm mt ng vai tr quyt nh. Vi phng thc lm mt m chn, tng cng sut nh mc ca my ch c mt cch l tng kch thc ca dy dn v li thp ( gim in tr v t tr), ngha l tng kch thc ca my. Tuy nhin vi b bn c hc ca cc vt liu hin i, ng knh cc i ca rto my pht in Turbine c th t (1,2 1,3m) Qa gii hn ny rotor c th v ra bi lc ly tm. Chiu di ca rotor cng b gii hn bi ng sut un v cong trc khng c vt qu (5,5 6,5) ln ng knh.

V vy cng sut ca my pht in ch c th tng ln na bng cch tng cng lm mt.

Kiu cu to ca my in ph thuc vo phng php bo v my i vi mi trng bn ngoi. Cp bo v c k hiu bng ch IP km theo hai ch s, trong ch s th nht gm 7 cp, c nh s t 0 n 6 ch mc bo v chng s tip xc ca ngi v vt ri vo my; ch s th hai gm 9 cp, nh s t 0 n 8 ch mc bo v chng nc vo my. S 0 c hai ch s ch rng my khng c bo v g c. Ta c th chia kiu cu to lm mt my pht in nh sau: 1.Kiu h: Cc my thuc loi ny khng c cc b phn che ch trnh cc vt t ngoi chm vo phn quay hoc cc b phn dn in ca n. Loi ny thng c t trong cc nh my hoc phng th nghim m khng trnh c m t (k hiu l IP00).

2.Kiu bo v: Khc kiu h ch c cc tm chn c th trnh c cc vt v nc ri vo my v ch yu cng c t trong nh (cp bo v t IP11 n IP33). 3.Kiu kn : My in kn c v bao bc cch bit phn trong my vi mi trng bn ngoi v thng c dng nhng ni m t, k c ngoi tri. Ty theo mc kn cp bo v c t IP44 tr ln. C hai loi h thng lm mt : + H thng lm mt gin tip. + H thng lm mt trc tip.

I . H THNG LM MT GIN TIP: Trong h thng lm mt gin tip mi cht lm lnh l kh (khng kh hoc hyr). My pht c lm mt bng cch thi mi cht lm mt qua cc khe h trong my khe h t nhin gia rto v stator, cng nh khe h kt cu cho mc ch lm mt. Hiu qu ca phng php lm mt gin tip khng cao v s ta nhit ca dy dn hoc li thp truyn n mi cht lm mt phi thng qua cc lp cch in, cc phn li thp. mi on ng truyn nhit tn ti mt chnh lch nhit nht nh, do nhit ca dy dn v cch in cao hn nhiu so vi nhit ca mi cht lm mt. i vi cc my in cng sut nh thng p dng h thng lm mt bng khng kh. Trong trng hp ny h thng lm mt c 2 dng: kn v h. Trong dng h, khng kh t ngoi qua h thng lc bi ri c bm vo my. Sau khi lm mt, khng kh c thi ra ngoi.

Trong kiu kn khng kh sch dng lm mi cht, c bm tun hon trong h thng kn i qua h thng nc lm mt trc khi vo lm mt my. Kiu kn trnh c bi ln vo khng kh lm mt. my pht n turbine hi h thng lm mt bng khng kh thng c b tr pha di b my, cn my pht in turbine nc-b tr xung quanh stator (hnh sau). cc my pht in cng sut ln hn ngi ta s dng hyr lm mi cht lm mt. Hyr c dn nhit ln gp 7 ln so vi khng kh v tc nhn nhit b mt nhanh gp 1,44 ln. So vi khng kh cng p st, mt kh hyr thp hn nhiu, nn gim c ma st v do gim c cng sut Hnh : H thng lm mt my y mi cht.
pht in turbine hi.

My pht in cng kch thc, nu dng hyr lm mt thay cho khng kh th c th tng cng sut nh mc ln (1520)% v nng hiu sut ln thm (0,71)%. Dng hyr lm mt cn lm tng tui th cch in ca my v hn ch c xy ha. Tuy nhin dng hyr lm mt c mt nhc im l c kh nng to thnh hn hp chy n nu hyr b ln xy. loi tr nguy him ny ngi ta phi iu ch hyr tht tinh khit. Phi m bo p sut hyr trong my ln hn so vi p sut kh tri. Ngoi ra trc khi np hyr vo my, ngi ta np kh CO2 hoc N2 la ht khng kh ra, sau a hyr vo thay th. Nh vy h thng lm mt dng hyr phi c bn cao, kn hn so vi h thng lm mt bng khng kh. Dng hyr lm mt c th ch to my pht in turbine hi cng sut ln.

II. H THNG LM MT TRC TIP: Trong h thng lm mt trc tip mi cht lm mt chy xuyn qua dy dn rng cc lp li thp (hnh), v th nhit lng c truyn trc tip ra mi cht lm mt, khng c on ng trung gian. Trong trng hp ny chnh lch nhit ch yu tn ti gia b mt tip xc ca dy dn v mi cht lm mt v gia bn thn mi cht lm mt v mi trng ngoi. Hiu qu cao ca phng php lm mt trc tip cho php tng cao ng k cng sut ch to ca cc my pht in cng nh gim c kch thc ca chng.

a) b) Hnh : Dy dn rng my pht in.

Trong h thng lm mt trc tip mi cht lm mt thng c dng l hyr, nc, du. ngi ta thng hay p dng h thng lm mt hn hp. Chng hn stator c lm mt gin tip bng hyr, cn rotor c lm mt trc tip bng du (or nc). Trong cc mi cht lm mt th nc c dn nhit cao nht, nht thp nn lu thng d dng. Nc cng khng gy chy, n. Tuy nhin cn phi m bo cho nc c tinh khit cao trnh dn in v n mn. V th vn hnh kh phc tp. Du cch in tt, dng rt thun li i vi cc in p cao nhng nhc im quan trng ca du l nht ln, lu thng kh khn, i hi phi c cng sut bm ln.

Hnh : H thng lm mt my pht in. a) H thng lm mt hn hp. b) Hp ni dn nc.

H thng a mi cht lm mt vo my thng l cc ng t trong lng cc thanh dn v li thp, c b tr theo cch nht nh m bo phn b tng i u nhit trong my. a nc vo h thng cc ng dn ny rto, ngi ta to ra cc hp ni c bit, c rng chn v khe h rt nh gia phn ng yn v phn chuyn ng (hnh ).

H THNG LM MT MY PHT BNG KH HYDRO

u im ca s lm mt bng kh hydro
l nh t trng ca hydro nh hn gn 10 ln so vi khng kh, dn nhit cao gp 7 ln khng kh. Vic s dng hydro lm mt cho php tng cng sut my pht in thm 35 40% so vi lm mt bng khng kh (kch thc my pht in nh nhau), tng hiu sut thm 1% tr ln, tng tui th ca my. Th d i vi my pht in cng sut 100 MW, 3.000 vng/ pht khi lm mt bng hydro tng thm hiu sut 1,2%; vi my pht in lm mt bng khng kh cng sut 200 MW, tn tht thng gi l 1.195 kW, cn khi lm mt bng hydro ch cn di 140 kW.

My pht in lm mt bng hydro cn quan tm:

1. p sut : thng s dng : 3; 3,5; 4 kG/cm2. Khi p sut hydro trong thn my gim th cng sut ca my pht gim ng k. Th d my pht in cng sut 320 MW c thit k vi p sut d ca hydro 3,5 kG/cm2 th khi p sut gim xung 3 kG/cm2 cng sut ca my pht in ch cn 87% cng sut nh mc; khi p sut 2,5 kG/cm2 73%; khi p sut 2,0 kG/cm2 60% v khi p sut 1,5 kG/cm2 ch cn 47% cng sut nh mc.

My pht in lm mt bng hydro cn quan tm:

2. Vic duy tr tinh khit ca hydro l rt quan trng xut pht t cc quan im an ton phng n cng nh hiu sut ca my pht in. Th d i vi my pht in lm mt trc tip rotor bng hydro, s gim tinh khit ca hydro t 98 xung 93% gy ra s tng tn tht qut kh khong 1,5 ln, dn n gim hiu sut my pht in khong 1,5 ln. 3. m ca hydro tng cao nh hng xu ti trng thi cch in v bn c ca cc ai rotor, to ra s n mn li thp. v vy cn phi duy tr m ca hydro trong thn my khng vt qu 12 13 g/m3 vi cc tr s vn hnh v p sut v nhit ca kh hydro lnh, tc lm ng vi 30 40% m tng i.

ROTOR

STATOR

Hydro lm mt Stator

Hydro lm mt Stator v Rotor

Hydro lm mt Stator v Rotor

 Nhng my pht in cng sut n v t 300MW n 1.200 MW (thm ch ti 1.500MW) c h thng lm mt ring cho stator (bng nc ct trong dy dn rng ca stator) v lm mt bng hydro cho rotor.

1. Bearing Oil Catcher : B chn du b trc 3 Carbon Seal Bracket : Thanh chng chn Cacbon 5 Rotating Blades : Cc cnh Rotor 7 Patented Mounted System : H thng gi khung

2 4 6 8

Carbon Seal : B chn bng Cacbon Stator Windings : Cc cun dy Stator Finger Plates Khung gi u dy Winding Brace : Thanh ging u dy

9 Blower Shroud : Mn che gi 11 Blower Hub : Qut gi 13 Rotor Shaf : Trc Rotor 15 Outer (Oil) : u ra du chn

10 Omega Cooler : B lm mt 12 Bearing : B trc 14 Excitation : B kch thch

TNG TH H THNG MY PHT IN LM MT BNG H2 H thng iu khin v bo v H2

My pht in

H thng lm mt

H thng cung cp H2

B tch p cao

B tch p thp

+ Cp nc x l. + Nc lm mt vo. + Nc lm mt ra.

H thng to H2

Nc LM Ra Nc LM Vo o lng, K CO2 Nc Kh Khong CO2

Ngun in phn

Ct o mc

B chng ng m

My in phn

H thng in phn to H2

Trong trm in phn, H2 v O2 s c to ra t nc kh khong. C hai kh ny s c dn n mt b tch kh. T b tch kh O2, O2 s c thi ra ngoi mi trng do n khng c s dng trong nh my. T b tch kh H2, H2 s c a qua thp lc kh n bnh cha kh h p, Bnh cha kh c ch nng nh vng m gia cc thit b in phn v cc my nn. Cc my nn pttng nn H2 t p sut bnh cha khong 0.02 barg ln n p sut yu cu khong 150 n 250 barg. Vng ti s dng kh sau my nn a vo bnh cha kh s c trang b. Nh c mch vng ny cc dao ng ca qu trnh sn xut H2 s c cn bng.

im sng kh hyr cao p phi thp hn -70C.

H thng t ng iu khin lu lng n nh

Vn chuyn, lu tr, s dng

Hyr nu c tinh khit thp hn 99.75% s khng c a vo bnh cha kh v do s khng c nn.

S NGUYN L PHT HIN R KH H2

u d

u d

B tch kh

H thng cp kh H2
Generated Hydrogen Supply System
H thng iu khin v bo v

My pht in Van an ton

Van iu p

B t ng chuyn ngun H2

B pht hin r r kh H2
B ny gm c: - Mt b d kh H2 t pha trn ca b pht hin r r kh H2. - Mt ci bn pha trn. - Mt ci bn pha di. - My o nc. - Cc van V1; V2; V3; V4;

B pht hin r r kh H2
Quy trnh thao tc b pht hin r r kh H2 nh sau: Bc 1: M t t van V1 v ng li khi mc nc dng n lng chng my o nc thng trn. Bc 2: Gi my trong tnh trng ny khong 1 gi tch H2 ra khi nc lm mt. Bc 3: Sau m van V4 v kim tra r kh bng b d kh. Bc 4: Sau khi thc hin cc bc t 1 n 3. ng van V4 li, m van V2 v V3 x ht nc trong thng di v x kh ra ngoi. Bc 5: ng van V1 v V4 sau khi x ht xong.

H thng sn xut hyr Vng n 1

Ci to v m rng phn xng iu ch hyr ca nh my hin ti m bo cung cp lng kh yu cu cho c hai nh my cng vn hnh. Nng sut iu ch ca h thng 20Nm3/h bao gm hai hai (2) dy truyn iu ch cng sut mi dy truyn 100%. Lng tiu th hyr 25Nm3/ngy. Cc thit b chnh gm: - Hai (2) dy bnh in phn loi thng p, - Hai (2) my nn hyr trung p - Hai (2) my nn hyr cao p, - H thng bnh cha cao p th tch 75m3 (1.020Nm3 tng ng vi khi lng np y ln u cho hai my pht in). Cht lng kh hyr: - tinh khit : trn 99,75% - Nhit ng sng : -20oC