LTH

Chuyn Cu to nguyn t

I. CU TO NGUYN T
Dng 1: Bi ton tnh ton cc loi ht ca nguyn t
VD1: Trong thnh ph n ca m i nguyn t nht thit ph i c cc lo i h t no sau y: A. Proton v ntron B. Proton v electron C. Ntron v electron D. Proton, ntron, electron 27 VD2 (B-2013) S proton v s ntron c trong mt nguyn t nhm ( 13 ) l n l t l Al A. 13 v 13. B. 13 v 14. C. 12 v 14. 26 VD3 (A-2010) Nhn nh no sau y ng khi ni v 3 nguyn t: 13 X, D. 13 v 15
55 26

Y,

26 12

Z?

A. X v Z c cng s khi. B. X, Z l 2 ng v ca cng mt nguyn t ho hc. C. X, Y thuc cng mt nguyn t ho hc. D. X v Y c cng s ntron. VD4 (C-2009) Mt nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 52 v c s khi l 35. S hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t X l A. 18. B. 23. C. 17. D. 15. VD5. Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t R c tng s cc loi ht bng 82, trong ht nhn s ht khng mang in nhiu hn s ht mang in l 4 ht. S hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t R l: A. 20 B. 22 C. 24 D. 26

Dng 2: Bi ton tnh ton cc loi ht ca ion, hp cht

VD6. Ht nhn nguyn t nguyn t X c tng s ht l 16 trong s ht mng in bng s ht khng mang in. Tng s ht c trong ion X2- l : A. 24. B. 22. C. 26. D. 14. VD7. Mt ion M3+ c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 37, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 9. S hiu nguyn t ca M l: A. 13. B. 12. C. 14. D. 15. VD8 (B-2007) Trong hp cht ion XY (X l kim loi, Y l phi kim), s electron ca cation bng s electron ca anion v tng s electron trong XY l 20. Bit trong mi hp cht, Y ch c mt mc oxi ha duy nht. Cng thc XY l A. AlN. B. MgO. C. LiF. D. NaF. VD9. Trong phn t M2X c tng s ht p,n,e l 140, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 44 ht. S khi ca M ln hn s khi ca X l 23. Tng s ht p,n,e trong nguyn t M nhiu hn trong nguyn t X l 34 ht. CTPT ca M2X l (Cho Z : K=19, O=8, Rb=37, Na=11, Li=3) A. K2O B. Rb2O C. Na2O D. Li2O VD10. Hp cht MX3 c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron ca cc nguyn t l 196, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60. Nguyn t khi ca X ln hn ca M l 8. Tng ba loi ht trn trong ion X- nhiu hn trong ion M3+ l 16. M v X ln lt l : (Cho Z : Al=13, Br=35, Cl=17, Cr=26) A. Al v Br B. Al v Cl C. Cr v Cl D. Cr v Br VD11. Trong phn t MX2 .Trong M chim 46,67% v khi lng. Ht nhn M c s ntron nhiu hn s proton l 4 ht. Trong nhn X s ntron bng s proton. Tng s proton trong phn t MX2 l 58. CTPT ca MX2 A. FeS2 B. NO2 C. SO2 D. CO2

II. NG V
VD12. Pht biu no di y khng ng: A. Cc ng v phi c s khi khc nhau. C. Cc ng v phi c s electron khc nhau B. Cc ng v phi c s ntron khc nhau. D. Cc ng v phi c cng in tch ht nhn

Dng 1: S phn t to ra t hn hp cc ng v
VD13. Oxi c 3 ng v l 16O , 17O, 18O . Cacbon c 2 ng v l 12C , 13C . S loi phn t kh CO2 c thnh phn ng v khc nhau c th to ra t cc ng v trn l: A. 11 B. 13 C. 14 D. 12 VD14. C cc ng v 16O, 17O v 18O v 1H, 2H. Hi c th to ra bao nhiu phn t H2O c thnh phn ng v khc nhau t cc ng v trn? A. 12 B. 9 C. 15 D. 6 VD15. Oxi c 3 loi ng v: 16O, 17O v 18O. Hidro c 3 loi ng v: 1H, 2H v 3H. Clo c 2 ng v: 35Cl v 37Cl. S phn t HClO2 (c thnh phn ng v khc nhau) c th to ra t cc ng v trn l: A. 18 B. 24 C. 30 D. 36

LTH

Chuyn Cu to nguyn t

Dng 2: Nguyn t khi trung bnh

VD16. Trong t nhin thnh phn phn trm cc ng v ca Kali l : 93,258%
39 19

; 0,012%

40 19

v 6,730%

41 19

K.

Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Kali l: A. 39,00 B. 39,25 C. 40,21 D. 39,13 VD17. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca nguyn t X l 79,91. Bit X c hai ng v trong ng v 54,5% s nguyn t. S khi ca ng v cn li l: A. 80. B. 81. C. 82. D. 83.

79X

chim

13 VD18. Trong t nhin cacbon c 2 ng v bn l 12 6 C v 6 C. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca cacbon l 12,011. Phn

trm ca 2 ng v trn ln lt l A. 98,9% v 1,1% B. 49,5% v 51,5% C. 99,8% v 0,2% D. 75% v 25% 63 65 VD19 (C-2007) Trong t nhin, nguyn t ng c hai ng v l 29 Cu v 29 Cu . Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca
63 ng l 63,54. Thnh phn phn trm tng s nguyn t ca ng v 29 Cu l A. 27%. B. 50%. C. 54%.

D. 73%.

Dng 3: Tnh % khi lng ca ng v trong hp cht 65 VD20. Trong t nhin Cu c hai ng v: 63 29 Cu; 29 Cu . Khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca Cu l 63,54. Thnh phn %
v khi lng ca 63 29 Cu trong CuCl2 l (Cho Cl=35,5) A. 73,00% B. 27,00% C. 32,33% D. 34,18%. 37 VD21 (B-2011) Trong t nhin Clo c hai ng v bn: 17 Cl chim 24,23% tng s nguyn t, cn li l phn % theo khi lng ca A. 8,43%.
37 17

35 17

Cl . Thnh

Cl trong HClO4 l (Cho H=1; O=16)

C. 8,92%. D. 8,56%.

B. 8,79%.

III. CU HNH E
Dng 1: Cu hnh e ca nguyn t
VD22 (A-2013) trng thi c bn, cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Na (Z = 11) l A. 1s22s22p53s2 B. 1s22s22p43s1 C. 1s22s22p63s2 D. 1s22s22p63s1 VD23. Cho bit s hiu nguyn t ca cc nguyn t X v Y ln lt l ZX = 24, ZY = 29. Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca X, Y ln lt l A. [Ar] 3d44s2 v [Ar] 3d94s2. B. [Ar] 3d54s1 v [Ar] 3d94s2. 4 2 10 1 C. [Ar] 3d 4s v [Ar] 3d 4s . D. [Ar] 3d54s1 v [Ar] 3d104s1. VD24. Nguyn t nguyn t X c tng s ht (p, n, e) l 76, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 20 ht. Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t X l A. [Ar] 3d54s1. B. [Ar] 3d44s2. C. [Ar] 4s13d5. D. [Ar] 4s23d4. VD25 (B-2010) Mt ion M3+ c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 79, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 19. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t M l A. [Ar]3d54s1. B. [Ar]3d64s2. C. [Ar]3d64s1. D. [Ar]3d34s2.

Dng 2: Cu hnh e ca ion (cation)

VD26. X l nguyn t c s hiu nguyn t l 26. Cu hnh electron ca ion X2+ l A. 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2. B. 1s22s22p63s23p63d6. 2 2 6 2 6 5 1 C. 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s . D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d44s2. + VD27 (A-2007) Dy gm cc ion X , Y v nguyn t Z u c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p6 l: A. K+, Cl-, Ar. B. Li+, F-, Ne. C. Na+, F-, Ne. D. Na+, Cl-, Ar. VD28 (B-2011) Cu hnh electron ca ion Cu2+ v Cr3+ ln lt l A. [Ar]3d9 v [Ar]3d3. B. [Ar]3d9 v [Ar]3d14s2. C. [Ar]3d74s2 v [Ar]3d14s2 . D. [Ar]3d74s2 v [Ar]3d3. VD29. Cation kim loi Mn+ c cu hnh electron lp v ngoi cng l 2s22p6. Cu hnh electron lp v ngoi cng ca nguyn t M l: A. 3s1 hoc 3s2 hoc 3s23p1 B. 3s1 hoc 2s22p5 2 5 2 4 C. 2s 2p hoc 2s 2p D. 2s22p4 hoc 3s2

LTH

Chuyn Cu to nguyn t

IV. AO NGUYN T - LP - PHN LP

VD30. Electron thuc lp lin kt cht ch nht vi ht nhn v c mc nng lng cao nht ln lt l : A. Lp K v Q B. Lp L v K C. Lp M v O D. Lp N v P VD31. Chn pht biu ng: A. Lp N c ti a 2 phn lp. B. S electron ti a trong lp M v L ln lt l 18, 32. C. Trong cng 1 lp cc electron c nng lng bng nhau. D. Cc nguyn t Z = 12, Z = 13 u c 6 electron phn lp s. VD32. Nguyn t ca nguyn t R c tng s ht p,n,e bng 34, hiu s ht ntron v electron bng 1. S e c thn ca R l: A. 3 B. 4 C. 2 D. 1 VD33. Nguyn t ca nguyn t R c tng s ht p,n,e bng 18. v tng s ht khng mang in bng trung bnh cng ca tng s ht mang in.Vy s electron c thn ca nguyn t R l A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 VD34. Cu hnh electron trng thi c bn ca nguyn t no sau y c electron c thn obitan s ? A. Cr (Z = 24). B. Mn (Z = 25). C. Fe (Z = 26). D. Co (Z = 27). VD35. Cu hnh electron trng thi c bn ca nguyn t no sau y c 4 electron c thn obitan d ? A. Cr (Z = 24). B. Mn (Z = 25). C. Fe (Z = 26). D. Co (Z = 27). VD36. Nguyn t X c 3 electron c thn phn lp 3d. S hiu nguyn t ca X l A. 21. B. 23. C. 23 hoc 27. D. 21 hoc 27. VD37. Nguyn t ca nguyn t no sau y c s electron c thn l ln nht ? A. Cl (Z = 17). B. Ca (Z = 20). C. Al (Z = 13). D. C (Z = 6). VD38. Trong 20 nguyn t u tin ca bng tun hon, s nguyn t c 1 electron c thn trong cu hnh electron nguyn t l A. 5. B. 6. C. 7. D. 8. VD39. Trong 20 nguyn t u tin ca bng tun hon, s nguyn t c 2 electron c thn trong cu hnh electron nguyn t l A. 4. B. 6. C. 8. D. 10 VD40 ( C-2013) trng thi c bn, nguyn t ca nguyn t X c 4 electron lp L (lp th hai). S proton c trong nguyn t X l A. 8 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7 VD41. Bit rng cc electron ca nguyn t X c phn b trn bn lp electron (K, L, M, N), lp ngoi cng c 5 electron. S electron lp M trong nguyn t X l A. 8. B. 18. C. 11. D. 13. VD42 (C-2008) Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht electron trong cc phn lp p l 7. S ht mang in ca mt nguyn t Y nhiu hn s ht mang in ca mt nguyn t X l 8 ht. Cc nguyn t X v Y ln lt l (bit s hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t: Na = 11; Al = 13; P = 15; Cl = 17; Fe = 26) A. Fe v Cl. B. Na v Cl. C. Al v Cl. D. Al v P. VD43. Mt nguyn t X c tng s electron cc phn lp s l 6 v tng s electron lp ngoi cng l 7. X l nguyn t no sau y ? A. F (Z = 9). B. P (Z = 15). C. S (Z = 16). D. Cl (Z = 17). VD44. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s electron cc phn lp p l 11. Nguyn t X thuc loi nguyn t A. s. B. p. C. d. D. f. VD45. Tng s ht trong 1 nguyn t nguyn t X bng 48. Trong s ht mang in gp i s ht khng mang in. Cho cc pht biu sau v X : (a) X c s hiu nguyn t l 16. (b) X c tt c 3 lp electron. (c) S electron trong phn lp s v p ca X ln lt l 6 v 10. (d) X c 6 electron phn lp ngoi cng. (e) trng thi kch thch nguyn t X c 2, 4, hoc 6 electron c thn. S pht biu ng l: A. 2. B. 4. C. 5. D. 3.

Hy l chnh mnh v ng bao gi t b c m

Lp LTH mn Ha Add: Ngha Hng-Vnh Tng-Vnh Phc Vi Nhn Nan

LTH

Chuyn Cu to nguyn t

Th h ca ti Mt th h vt i?
Bn ca ti , bn hi ti ang ngh g trong u ? Ti cng nh bn vy. Ti khng hiu cc bn ngh g trong u. Cc bn khng thy mt ngy ca cc bn tri qua bun t sao. Cc bn trao nhau nhng cu t nht thch. Cc bn tung nh t sng. Cc bn vo mng x hi chi mt thng hip dm. Mt thng m cha, chm m, v chu u vo ci qun lt ca 1 ngi mu m bnh phm v.v. Cc bn tung tng khp ni, trn mt dm dm t ci chung x tr i, ming trm tr xut xoa: , l qu, p qu. Cc bn v n bng, vt chn ch ng m thm nh ta l ngi hnh phc nht i. Cc bn c bao gi m thy nhng g ln lao hn chuyn ngy mai s sng th no chng? Ti chc l khng. Ci x hi ny dy cho cc bn cch sng m chng cn phi t duy g c ri. Cc bn chng cn tri thc, chng cn s tht. Cc bn thm ch cng chng cn b no na. C ct cc bn li, nh ct nhng con cu y, ri nm cho mi ngi mt b c. Th l xong. Cc bn c dm dn thn vo cuc sng ny khng, c dm thay i cuc sng ny khng? Cc bn c thy bun khng khi ha bnh bn chc nm m t nc vn cha c ni mt ngy sung sng? Cc bn c thy nhc nh khng khi tng tp sinh vin Vit Nam va d bu nh vo mt ngi nc ngoi va gii thch bng th ting Anh lp ba lp bp: y Vit Nam, y H Hon Kim, y Hong Thnh? Ngi ta quan tm n ci x ny cng chng nhiu hn h quan tm n sao Ha. M c khi cn chng bng u cc bn . Cc bn c au khng khi mnh t qu hng mnh b ngi ta xu x, khi p thy in b v, khi ng bo cc bn lang thang khng ca khng nh? Cc bn c bun khng khi t quc nghn ngo nhn ngi l ln dn tng phn t, tng mnh rng u ngun v ch i tng tn ti nguyn. Cc bn c mun khc khng khi mt ng gi ci gp ngi bi xi ln giy ca mt ng Ty, v rng rng cm kch vi my ng tin l nt? Tt c ni au hn xung mnh t ny c ng lm cho cc bn quan tm hn mt ci ti xch Gucci, mt htg h trn h di hay chng may toc vy h ni y, hay mt c ca s hay ngi mu mi ni vi nhng pht biu y cht xm, mt trn u bng hay mt cun tiu thuyt ba xu khng? Mun hiu c ni au cc bn chng cn tm chng trong mt cun tiu thuyt ba xu lm g. Cch cc bn khng xa, ngi ta ang khc, ngi ta ang phi gng mnh ln m chng chu v nut nc mt vo trong lng. Mt con ang v. Mt con tu sp chm. Rt nhiu tp on kinh t v n m chnh cc bn phi gnh ly phn tr n. Mt khc sng sp mt. Ngi dn ngm ng nhn tng tc t c mu tht t tin b mt. Cn cc bn th sao? Cc bn trong nh, trm chn kn u, nh nh g g trao cho nhau nhng li nht pho v foward nhng tin nhn v v. Ti khng ni nh th tc cc bn phi m sng xng ra chin trng hay phi ao to ba ln hay phi l ci g cho ln lao. M rng cc bn chng thit lm g c, chng thit tm hiu, chng thit suy ngm, chng thit tm ti. Tt nhin khi c n y, cc bn s tn cng li c nhn ti bng nhng cu hi i loi nh sau:Th my lm c ci qui g ra hn cha m ln ting la li v ch trch. Tt nhin ti s thng thng trung thc tr li, ti cng khng khc my cc bn l bao, bi th h chng ta Mt th h vt i! Ti cng s thnh tht tr li rng: Ti vn khng bit phi lm th no ng dn VN khng b tu l nh, c ni g, lm g cng khng lm cc ng dn c ci n v nhng ngi cht sng li. Ti ch lm g c khin nhng t nn chm dt. Ti ch lm g c khin cc ng lnh o ht tham nhng v dn bt kh. Ti cng ch lm g c lm cho in ht cp v giao thng ht tc, v xng thi khng tng gi. Ti ch lm g c hay c gii php g lm cho c gi tr cc tnh ngho ngng i ly chng L, HQ. Ti khng bit lm g hay c k sch g khin cc ngi dn ngho thi bn nh sang xut khu lao ng Malaysia hay ng u. Ti ch bit lm g ngn cc c gi tr khng l ng b la sang lm im Campuchia. Ti vn khng bit lm th no cc tp on kinh t bt lm n tht thot, km hiu qu, tham nhng trn lan Ti ch bit lm g, v lm th no Ti bit bn s chng ta s chng lm dc g hn, nhng bn , chng ta, khi cha c 1 hnh ng thc s c th v 1 gii php r rng, t nht c th ln ting lm thc tnh v tc ng. 1 hnh ng nh nhoi l quan tm v ln ting vn cn hn ngi yn th ng cht chm trong o tng v t tha mn t phong. V ti sng, v ti hiu ti sao ci x hi ny v cm n vy, v tm n vy ri. V ni cn mt lp ngi khng bit t duy, khng ch tin th, khng tri thc, khng ngh lc, khng c mun, khng l tng, khng c nim tin? H gii hn hnh phc ca mnh trong hai mi mt vung nh, bn chuyn thin h v tnh xem ngy mai nn i xem phim hay ln ph. H khng i hi mt iu g ht, h khng thc c v tr ca mnh, chng cn rung ng, chng cn xt xa. H chng c ng lc lm bt c iu g tr khi ngi khc ly roi qut vo mng h.