So snh tnh axit ca 1 s hp cht hu c l so snh linh ng ca nguyn t H trong HCHC.

.Hp cht no c linh ng ca nguyn t H cng cao th tnh axit cng mnh. 1. nh ngha linh ng ca nguyn t H ( hidro) : L kh nng phn ly ra ion H(+) ca hp cht hu c . 2. Th t u tin so snh : - so snh ta xt xem cc hp cht hu c (HCHC) cng nhm chc cha nguyn t linh ng ( VD : , ....) hay khng. -Nu cc hp cht hu c c cng nhm chc th ta phi xt xem gc hydrocacbon ca cc HCHC l g y in t hay ht in t. + Nu cc HCHC lin kt vi cc gc y in t ( hyrocacbon no )th linh ng ca nguyn t hay tnh axit ca cc hp cht hu c gim. +Nu cc HCHC lin kt vi cc gc ht in t ( hyrocacbon khng no ,hyrocacbon thm ) th linh ng ca nguyn t hay tnh axit ca cc hp cht hu c tng. 3.So snh tnh axit ( hay linh ng ca nguyn t ) ca cc hp cht hu c khc nhm chc...Tnh axit gim dn theo th t: Axit V C > Axit hu c > > Phenol > > Ru. 4. So snh tnh axit ( hay linh ng ca nguyn t ) ca cc hp cht hu c cng nhm chc.. -Tnh axit ca HCHC gim dn khi lin kt vi cc gc hyrocacbon( HC) sau : Gc HC c lin kt 3 > gc HC thm > gc HC cha lin kt i > gc HC no . -Nu HCHC cng lin kt vi cc gc y in t ( gc hyrocacbon no) th gc axit gim dn theo th t : gc cng di cng phc tp ( cng nhiu nhnh ) th tnh axit cng gim. -Nu cc hp cht hu c cng lin kt vi cc gc y in t nhng trong gc ny li cha cc nhm ht in t(halogen ) th tnh axit tng gim theo th t sau : + Cng 1 nguyn t halogen , cng xa nhm chc th th tnh axit cng gim . + Nu cng 1 v tr ca nguyn t th khi lin kt vi cc halogen s gim dn theo th t : t ln n nh Ht ! Phng php so snh nhit si ca cc hp cht hu c 1. nh ngha : Nhit si ca cc hp cht hu c l nhit m ti p sut hi bo ha trn b mt cht lng bng p sut kh quyn. 2. Cc yu t nh hng n nhit si ca cc hp cht hu c. C 2 yu t nh hng n nhit si l khi lng phn t ca HCHC v lin kt hiro ca HCHC . 3. So snh nhit si gia cc hp cht. - Nu hp cht hu c u khng c lin kt hiro th cht no c khi lng phn t ln hn th nhit si cao hn. -Nu cc hp cht hu c c cng nhm chc th cht no c khi lng phn t ln hn th nhit si cao hn. - Cht c lin kt hiro thi c nhit si cao hn cht khng c lin kt hiro. -Nu cc HCHC c cc nhm chc khc nhau th cht no c linh ng ca nguyn t ln hn th c nhit si cao hn nhng 2 hp cht phi c khi lng phn t xp x nhau. anhna