Chuyn anehit - xeton BD HSG

Nguyn Hu - THPT chuyn HY

ANEHIT XETON
1. 1. T glixerol, vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch CH2(OH)-CH(OH)-CHO. 2.Hon thnh s phn ng sau: Br , H O SO FeSO ,t C HCl D Glixerol H B NaOH A 2. 1. T axetanehit hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng ha hc iu ch spiro[2,2]pentan. 2. Hy cho bit sn phm chnh ca cc phn ng sau: a. CH3CHO + CH3COCH3 NaOH b. HCHO + (CH3)3C-CHO NaOH ) (OH c. HCHO + (CH3)2CH-CHO Ca 3. Thc hin chuyn ha sau: / NaOH A H Glixeranehit HCN O B HNO C Cho bit cu trc ca C nu cht u l L-Glixeranehit. 4. tch ring xiclohexanon ra khi mt hn hp gm xiclohexanon (s = 1560C) v xiclohexanol (s = 1600C) ngi ta tin hnh nh sau: Lc hn hp vi dung dch NaHSO3 bo ha trong nc. sau mt thi gian thm ete etylic v trn u. Tch ly ring phn ete v phn nc. Thm dung dch NaOH hoc dung dch H2SO4 long vo phn dung dch nc, sau li chit bng ete nh trn. Phn dung dch ete ln ny em lm khan, ct loi b ete ri ct thu ly xiclohexanon. 1. Gii thch ngn gn qu trnh. Dng cht g lm khan. 2. Vit cc phng trnh ha hc xy ra v gii thch tc dng ca axit v ca kim. 5. Cho benzanehit tc dung vi anilin. Hy cho bit c ch phn ng v cu trc ca sn phm to thnh. v 6. Anhit v xeton phn ng vi cc cht dng R-NH2 to ra cc hp cht c nhm cu to C=N-R v nc. Phn ng thng dng xc tc l axit v khi tc phn ng ph thuc vo pH theo th sau: V tr cc i cn ph thuc vo cu to ca gc R trong phn t R- NH2 C ch phn ng nh sau:
2 4, 4 0

RNH2 + H+ (CH3)2C=O + H+

RNH3

(CH3 )2C = OH 1 CH3 CH3 NH2-R C OH 2 CH3 CH3 C NH-R 3 CH3 CH3 OH2

pH

(CH3)2C=OH + RNH2

C = N R + H+ + H2O

1. Theo c ch trn th pH ti u s ri vo khong no? 2. Cho bit giai on (1) l chm nht th tc phn ng t cc i ti pH tng qut no? 3. Gi s hp cht cacbonyl c hng s phn li Kb = 10-14 ; R-NH2 c Kb = 10-11; nng cc cht ban u l 1M. a. Tnh pH tc t cc i. b. Tc phn ng cc i pH trn gp bao nhiu ln tc phn ng pH= 0 v pH = 7. 7. 1. Hy cho bit cc sn phm to thnh t cc phn ng sau: a. CH3COCH2CH3 + Br2 H+ b. CH3COCH2CH3 + Br2 OH 2. Ngi ta pha ch thuc cha bnh vim hng loi nh trong gia nh theo cch n gin sau: Cho nc si vo cc cha NaHCO3 ri cho thm dung dch cn iot v lc ln, ngui bt s c cc thuc d xc hng. Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra v nu nhng du hiu b ngoi nhn ra mt s phn ng. 8. Trong 5 l khng nhn ring r cha cc hp cht sau: C6H5COCH3, C6H5CH(OH)CH3, C6H5CHO, C6H5COC2H5, C6H5COOH. Da vo kt qu th nghim sau y cho bit k hiu A, B, C, D, E ng vi cht no? 1. Cho vo mi cht mt t git hn hp K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 v lc u , sau vi pht thy A v C bin i dung dch da cam thnh xanh lc. 2. Cho vo mi cht mt t dung dch NaOH long ri lc mnh th ch thy ring cht B tan c. 3. Khi un nng vi I2 trong dung dch NaOH thy A v E cho kt ta mu vng. 4. C, D, E u tc dng vi 2,4- initrophenylhirzin cho kt ta mu da cam.

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Chuyn anehit - xeton BD HSG

Nguyn Hu - THPT chuyn HY

9. 1. Axeton tc dng vi clorofom trong s c mt ca KOH to ra 1,1,1- triclo-2-metylpropan-2-ol. Hy cho bit c ch phn ng. 2. Fomanehit phn ng vi NH3 to ra hexametylentetramin (C6H12N4) v nc. Cht ny c cu trc ging nh adamantan nhng ti cc u mt ca cc vng do cc nguyn t N chim gi. l nhng cht bn, c im nng chy cao. Cho hexametylentetramin tc dng vi HNO3 trong CH3COOH khan to ra hexogen (cht rt ph bin dng lm cht n trong th chin th 2) ng thi gii phng 3 mol anehit fomic v 1 mol NH3. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng. 10. Anehit benzoic tc dng vi hiroxylamin to benzandoxim. 1. Benzanoxim c ng phn hnh hc khng? Nu c , hy ch r tn gi ca 2 dng ng phn . 2. Hy cho bit sn phm v c ch qu trnh chuyn v Becman ca hai ng phn ca bezanoxim. 11. Hp cht A (C8H16O) cho phn ng iofom nhng khng cho phn ng cng H2. Khi un nng A vi H2SO4 c 1700C th ngoi sn phm chnh l B(C8H14) cn thu c 1,2- imetylxiclohexen. Oxiha B ri thc hin phn ng ecacboxyl ha th thu c metylxiclopentan. B khng c ng phn hnh hc. Xc nh cu to ca A v gii thch s to thnh 1,2- imetylxiclohexen.

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