Trng THPT V Trng Ton

Lp 12 SCH

CHNG 1: ESTE LIPIT

A. ESTE I/ NH NGHA PHN LOI DANH PHP ESTE:
1. Khi nim: ST CTCT ESTE T (1) HCOOCH3 (2) (3) CH3COOCH3 Tn Este Metyl fomat Metyl axetat STT (4) (5) CTCT ESTE C2H5COOC2 H5 HCOOCH=C H2 HCOOC6H5 Tn Este Etyl propionat Vinyl fomat Phenyl fomat

HCOOCH2CH2C Propyl fomat (6) H3 2. Cch gi cng thc cho este n gin

Este mch h to bi axit n chc v ancol n chc tc l este n chc: RCOOR (R: H hoc gc hidrocacbon , R:gc hidrocacbon) Este mch h to bi axit no, h, n chc v ancol no, h, n chc tc l este no, n chc, mch h: CnH2nO2 (n2)

3. Danh php: (este n chc):

Ch : - Tn mt s gc hidrocacbon quan trng (R) CH3 : metyl CH2=CH: Vinyl C2H5: etyl C6H5: phenyl CH3CH2CH2: propyl : isopropyl - Tn ca mt s axit quan trng: HCOOH : axit fomic; CH3COOH: axit axetic; C2H5COOH: axit propionic II/ TNH CHT VT L: - Cc este l cht lng hoc cht rn iu kin thng v chng hu nh khng tan trong nc. - So vi cc axit ng phn hoc ancol c cng khi lng mol phn t hoc phn t c cng s nguyn t cacbon th este c nhit si thp hn hn. III/ TNH CHT HA HC: 1. Phn ng thy phn:
2 4 - Mi trng axit: RCOOR+H2O RCOOH+ROH: phn

H SO loa ng, to

ng thun nghch, thng dng H2SO4 long lm xt. VD

H SO loa ng, to

2 4 CH3COOC2H5 + H2O ........................................

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Trng THPT V Trng Ton

Lp 12 SCH

- Mi trng kim (phn ng x phng ha): RCOOR+ NaOH RCOONa + ROH: phn ng hon ton VD CH3COOC2H5 + NaOH ............................................... F.V. IU CH: 1. phn ng este ha:

thng dng phn ng este ha:

o

2. Mt s phn ng iu ch este c bit: xt ,t o CH3COOH + CHCH CH3COOCH=CH2

H2SO4 a c, t RCOOR + H2O H2SO4 a c, to VD: CH3COOH +C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

TQ: RCOOH +ROH

B. CHAT BEO
1. Khi nim: Cht bo l trieste ca glixerol vi axit bo, gi
chung l triglixerit hay l triaxylglixerol(triglixerit): (RCOO) 3C3H5

Mt s cht bo quan trng:

- Tripanmitin: (C15H31COO)3C3H5 (cht bo no) - Tristearin: (C17H35COO)3C3H5 (cht bo no) - Triolein: (C17H33COO)3C3H5 (cht bo khng no)

2. Tnh cht vt l:
- nhit thng, cht bo trng thi lng hoc rn: + Khi trong phn t cht bo ch yu c gc hirocacbon khng no th cht bo trng thi lng. (dng du) + Khi trong phn t cht bo ch yu c gc hirocacbon no th cht bo trng thi rn. (dng m) - M ng vt hoc du thc vt u nh hn nc v khng tan trong nc, nhng tan nhiu trong cc dung mi hu c nh benzen, hexan....

4. Tnh cht ha hc: Tng t tnh cht ca este a chc a) Phn ng thu phn : H2SO4 loa ng, to - Mi trng axit: (RCOO)3C3H5 + 3H2O 3RCOOH +
C3H5(OH)3
H ,t VD (C15H31COO)3C3H5 + H2O ............................................

- Mi trng baz (Phn ng x phng ho): to (RCOO)3C3H5 + 3NaOH 3RCOONa + C3H5(OH)3

t VD (C15H31COO)3C3H5 + NaOH ............................................
o

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Lp 12 SCH

Mui Na hoc K ca axit bo (RCOONa) l thnh phn chnh ca x phng.

b) Phn ng cng hiro ca cht bo lng

VD (C17H33COO)3C3H5 (lng)+ 3H2 o

175 190 C

Ni

...........................................(rn)

1.1. Bai tap luyen tap

1. S cng thc cu to l este ng vi cng thc phn t C3H6O2 l
A. 2. A. etyl axetat A. CH3COOCH3 A. CH3CH2OH B. 3. B. etyl fomiat B. CH3COOC2H5 B. CH3COONa C. 4. C. metyl fomiat C. CH3COOH C. C2H5COONa

2. CH3COOC2H5 c tn gi l : 3. Ets c tn gi l metyl fomat c CTCT l:

D. 1. D. metyl axetat D. HCOOCH3 D. HCOONa

4. Khi x phng ho CH3COOC2H5 thu c mui c cng thc l : 5. Cng thc chung ca este no, n chc, mch h l:
A. CnH2nO2 ( n 2 ) B. CnH2n-2O2 ( n 3 ) C. CnH2n+1O2 ( n 1 ) D. CnH2n-2O2 ( n 2 )

6. iu ch este c cng thc: CH3COOCH=CH2 th c th t cp cht no sau?

A. axit axetic v vinyl clorua B. axit axetic v etilen C. axit axetic v axetilen D. axit fomic v axetilen 7. Mt este c cng thc phn t l C4H8O2, khi thy phn trong mi trng axit thu c ancol metylic. CTCT ca este l: A. CH3COOC2H5 B. C2H5COOCH3 C. HCOOCH2CH2CH3 D. HCOOCH(CH3)2 8. Cho este X c CTCT HCOOCH3. Chn cu sai v este X: A.X c tn gi l metyl fomat B.X c iu ch t phn ng este ha gia CH3OH v HCOOH C.Thy phn hon ton X trong mi trng axit th thu c axit axetic D.X c th tham gia phn ng trng bc 9. Este c tn gi etyl propionat th c Cng thc phn t l: A. C2H4O2 B. C3H6O2 C. C4H8O2 D. C5H10O2 10. Cht bo c CTCT thu gn nh sau: (C17H35COO)3C3H5. Tn gi ca cht bo l: A. triolein B. Tristearin C. Tripanmitin D. trilinolein 11. Cht bo c cng thc no sau y tn ti trng thi lng ( nhit thng)? A. Tristearin B. Tripanmitin C. Triolein D. C 3 cht trn 12. iu no sau y ng khi ni v cht bo? A. Cht bo tan nhiu trong nc. B. Tt cc cc cht bo u tc dng vi H2 (Ni, to). C. Hp cht c cng thc (CH3COO)3C3H5 l cht bo. D. Cc cht bo tc dng vi dd NaOH (un nng) u to glixerol 13. t chy hon ton este no, n chc mch h X thu c 22,4 lt (kc) kh CO 2 v m gam H2O. Gi tr ca m l:

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Lp 12 SCH

A. 18g B. 9g C. 9,16g D.14,4g 14. t chy hon ton 4,40 gam mt este X no, n chc, mch h thu c 4,48 lt kh CO 2 (ktc). Cng thc phn t ca X l A. C2H4O2.. B. C3H6O2. C. CH2O2. D. C4H8O2. 15. Cho 4,4g propyl fomat tc dng va vi dd NaOH thu c dd Y. C cn dd Y thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l: A.3,4g B.6,8g C.4,1g D.3g

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Trng THPT V Trng Ton

Lp 12 SCH

1. Metyl Propionat l tn gi ca hp cht c cng thc cu to :

A. HCOOC3H7. A. CH3CH2COOCH3 A.5 B. C2H5COOCH3 B. CH3COOC2H5 B.4 C. C3H7COOH

1.2. Bai tap ve nha

D. C2H5COOH D. HCOOCH3 D.2

2. Thy phn este no sau y trong mi trng axit thu c axit axetic?
C. CH2(COOCH3)2 C.3

3. S cng thc cu to l este ng vi CTPT C4H8O2 l: 4. Cho este X c CTCT HCOOCH3. Chn cu sai v este X:
A.X c tn gi l metyl fomat B.X c iu ch t phn ng este ha gia CH3OH v HCOOH C.Thy phn hon ton X trong mi trng axit th thu c axit axetic D.X c th tham gia phn ng trng bc 5. CH3COOH tc dng vi CHCH (c xc tc) th to thnh este c tn gi l: A. etyl axetat B. metyl acrylat C. vinyl propionat D. vinyl axetat 6. Hp cht X c cng thc cu to: CH3COOCH3. Tn gi ca X l: A. Etyl axetat. B. Metyl fomat. C. Metyl axetat. D. Etyl fomat. 7. Khi x phng ha etyl fomat bng NaOH thu c sn phm gm: A. CH3COONa v C2H5OH B. CH3COOH v C2H5OH C. HCOONa v CH3OH D. HCOONa v C2H5OH 8. t chy hon ton este no, mch h, n chc th thu c: A.

nCO2 =nH2O

B.

nCO >nH O
2 2

C.

nCO <nH O
2 2

D.

n CO2 - n H 2O = n Este

9. Cht X c CTPT C4H8O2. Khi X tc dng vi dd NaOH sinh ra cht Y c cng thc
C2H3O2Na. CTCT ca X l A. HCOOC3H7 B. C2H5COOCH3 C. CH3COOC2H5 D. HCOOC3H5 10. Cht bo c Cng thc (C17H33COO)3C3H5 c tn gi l: A. triolein B. Tristearin C. Tripanmitin D. Stearic 11. Khi x phng ha tripanmitin bng dd NaOH ta thu c sn phm l A. C15H31COONa v glixerol. B. C17H35COOH v glixerol. C. C15H31COOH v glixerol. D. C17H35COONa v glixerol. 12. Cho cc cu sau: (1) Cht bo thuc loi hp cht este; (2) cht bo khng tan trong nc v nh hn nc. (3) Cho cht bo tc dng vi NaOH lun thu c glixerol (4) Khi un cht bo lng vi hiro c Ni xc tc th thu c cht bo rn. (5) Cht bo lng l cht bo cha gc axit khng no. S cu ng l: A. 2 B. 3 C. 5 D. 4 13. Este c iu ch t ancol n chc v axit propionic c t khi hi so vi khng kh l 3,04. Cng thc este l : A. CH3COOC2H5 B. C3H7COOC2H3 C. C2H5COOCH3 D. C2H5COOC2H 14. t chy a(gam) hh cc este no, n, mch h. Sn phm chy c dn vo bnh ng dd Ca(OH)2 d thy khi lng bnh tng 12,4g. Khi lng kt ta to ra l A. 12,4g B. 10g C. 20g D. 28,183g 15. t chy hon ton 6g este X, thu c 4,48 lt kh CO2 (kc) v 3,6g H2O. X c CTPT: A. C2H4O2 B. C3H6O2 C. C4H6O2 D. C4H8O2

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