18/08/2013

Cc t bo nhin liu sinh hc - ACES

ACES
Cc t bo nhin liu sinh hc
bi Shannon nh
Ti v cc bi vit PDF bao gm c hnh nh Vic p dng ngy cng tng ca cc thit b di ng i hi phi c ngun cung cp in thoi di ng dn n mt s ph thuc ng k v cng ngh pin. Tuy nhin, cc loi pin ang c s dng thng mi thng cha cc thnh phn c hi, c tnh axit v / hoc d chy trong yu cu v bo v mnh m bo v chng khi mi trng bn ngoi. Phm vi ng k do tn ti cho cc cng ngh nng lng mi l thn thin hn vi mi trng v c kh nng c t trong v nh hn v linh hot. Mt t bo nhin liu l mt thit b tng t trong thit k nh ca mt pin trong bao gm hai in cc, mt cc dng v mt cc m, km theo trong mt tu cha mt cht in phn. Tuy nhin, trong khi nhin liu ca pin c cha hon ton trong nh di ng ring ca mnh v c sc thng qua p dng mt khon ph bn ngoi, mt t bo nhin liu hot ng bng cch cho nhin liu vo trong t bo theo yu cu vi vic loi b tip theo ca sn phm nhin liu qua. Trong khi c rt nhiu loi khc nhau ca cc ngun nhin liu tim nng sn c, cc t bo nhin liu s dng enzyme xc tc chuyn i nhin liu sinh hc thn thin vi mi trng, chng hn nh ng, thnh in nhn c quan tm nghin cu nhiu. y l mt phn do s a dng v phong ph ca nn nhin liu c th c xc tc phn hy bi cc enzyme cho php cho mt mng a dng ca cc chin lc sn xut nng lng c th c khm ph. Mt t bo nhin liu sinh hc rng ri c th c nh ngha l mt t bo nhin liu m c th trc tip chuyn i nng lng ha hc thnh in nng thng qua mt con ng sinh ha. Cc con ng sinh ha trong ngha ny cp n s dng mt biocatalyst, chng hn nh mt sinh vt sng ton b (vi khun), hoc protein enzyme hoc khng enzyme, xc tc cho vic gim v / hoc qu trnh oxy ha ca cht nn nhin liu. Mt s ca mt enzyme cu hnh t bo nhin liu sinh hc n gin s dng hai enzyme biocatalytic ni ting, glucose oxidase v bilirubin oxidase, c th hin trong hnh 1. Cc t bo ny bao gm mt cc dng m cc in t c chuyn t sinh hc cht xc tc cc in cc v mt cc m m cc in t c chp nhn t cc in cc. Trong hnh 1, cc bn ant ca t bo s dng glucose oxidase (GOX, Hnh 2 (a)) xc tc oxy ho nhin liu (trong trng hp ny, ng, -D-glucose, Hnh 2 (b)). Cc enzyme c c hai electron t glucose m sau c chuyn n cc dng vi s gip ca mt phn t con thoi in t, ferrocenemethanol (FcMeOH). Cc in t sau chy qua mt mch in bn ngoi cc m, iu khin bi mt lc in pht sinh t s khc bit tim nng gia hai in cc, ni m h c th lm cng vic hu ch. Cc t bo c hon thnh bi mt loi enzyme catt, trong trng hp ny, bilirubin oxidase (BOD), m chp nhn electron t cc m n c th thc hin vic gim biocatalytic ca oxy phn t nc. Ngi ta c th d tnh nhng li th ca vic s dng mt h thng phn ng nh vy sn xut in - tng tng sc in thoi ca bn ngay lp tc s dng ch l mt vi ml gi r, gii php ng thn thin mi trng! Mt trong nhng khu vc th v ca nghin cu t bo nhin liu sinh hc c hng ti trong c th cc ng dng c ngha l, s hi nhp ca cc t bo nhin liu sinh hc trong c th con ngi. Cc t bo nhin liu nh vy c th s dng nhin liu t nhin nhin c tm thy trong mu, chng hn nh cc vn cp ng -D-glucose, cc thit b in. Cc t bo ny c th c hnh dung cui cng thay th cc ngun cung cp in bn ngoi hin nay lin quan, v d, cc thit b nh cy ghp c tai tai m hin ang da vo cng knh, gi in bn ngoi. Bo co nghin cu gn y chng minh kh nng ca cc t bo nhin liu sinh hc hot ng theo nng ng huyt thng c tm thy trong mu ngi (~ 5-8 mM). Mano v cng. al. s dng cc GOX men v mt loi enzyme oxy gim, laccase, trong mt t bo nhin liu sinh hc m c th sn xut 280 W.cm-2 ch s dng nng 5 mM glucose, v ln n 398 W.cm-2 s dng cao hn mt cht nng glucose ca 12 mM Nicolas Mano [1]. Mt nng lng tng t ca 315 W.cm-2were bo co iu kin sinh l (20 mM m phosphate, pH 7.24 cha 0,14 M NaCl) vi nng glucose ca 15 mM s dng cc enzym GOX v BOD c dy in vi in cc si carbon [2]. Mc d c nhng kt qu n tng, nu cc thit b di ng ca nhin liu sinh hc ang tr thnh la chn thay th hu hiu cho sn xut nng lng hu ch, vt liu in cc mi c yu cu m c th sn xut mt ln hn hin ti trong khi vn c th c tch hp trong cc kch thc bao gi thu hp li ca hin ti cc thit b. Vn ny hin ang c gii quyt bng cch s dng cc in cc tch b mt cao c kin trc b mt cu trc nano. Nn tng in cc nh vy cho php cc ti
www.electromaterials.edu.au/researchprograms/UOW106448 1/2

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Cc t bo nhin liu sinh hc - ACES

liu ng k electroactive hn c gi vo chng m trong cc kt qu ln lt trong mt hin ti cao hn ng k c th c sn xut. V d, Flexer et. al. s dng tiu thuyt bt cha carbon cung cp mt ma trn din tch b mt cao m ti c nh enzyme xc tc [3]. Cc b mt din tch b mt cao sn xut mt hin ti ln hn so vi thu c s dng in thng thng hn 13 ln. Thm ch gn y hn, cc in cc c cu trc phn cp bao gm mt gin gio v m xp c mt a hnh cu trc nano c bo co [4]. B mt cu trc nano ca in cc trong trng hp ny c bao gm mt trang web vng cc ng nano carbon cho php cho mt lng ng k cc ti liu xc tc c h tr c hiu qu (hnh 3). S kt hp gia din tch b mt b mt cu trc nano cao v gin gio v m xp dn n mt nng lng ng k do vic ti enzyme cao v giao thng cng cng cao ca nhin liu trn b mt in cc. Trong khi s kt hp ca mt t bo nhin liu sinh hc hot ng trong c th s i hi nhng n lc nghin cu su hn, c bit trong k thut giao din gia sinh hc v thit b in t, c bng chng r rng v ci tin lin tc trong enzim thit k pin nhin liu v trin vng thc s cho thng mi ha ca h. Sn xut vt liu cu trc nano in cc mi c th ng mt vai tr quan trng trong qu trnh pht trin v c kh nng s dn n vic to ra cc t bo nhin liu sinh hc c th sn xut nng lng hu ch t nhin liu sinh hc sn c v thn thin vi mi trng trong tng lai gn.

Ti liu tham kho

1. Flexer, Victoria, Nicolas Brun, thn Backov, v Nicolas Mano. "Thit k hiu qu cao enzyme da trn ccbon xp in cc cho cc t bo nhin liu sinh hc." Nng lng & Khoa hc mi trng 3, khng. 9 (2010): 1302-1306. 2. Gao, Phong, Olivier Courjean, v Nicolas Mano. "Mt ci tin glucose/O2 t bo mng t nhin liu sinh hc thng qua glucose oxidase thanh lc." Cm bin sinh hc v Bioelectronics 25, khng. 2 (15 Thng 10 2009): 356-361. 3. t, Shannon J, Stephen F Ralph, Nicolas Mano, Jun Chen, v Gordon G Wallace. "Mt h thng mi enzyme bioelectrode kt hp mt hydrogel oxi ha kh vi mt NanoWeb carbon." Ha thng tin lin lc (Cambridge, Anh) (14 Thng Su nm 2011): 2-4. 4. Mano, Nicolas. "Mt 280 W.cm-2 nhin liu sinh hc t bo hot ng nng glucose thp." Ha thng tin lin lc (Cambridge, Anh), khng. 19 (21 thng 5 2008): 2221-3. Shannon nh hon thnh b ng tin s thng qua i hc Wollongong ca Vin Nghin cu polymer thng minh trong Thng Tm 2010. Mnh hin ang lm vic mt v tr sau tin s ti Trung tm de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS Bordeaux, Php, tp trung vo sn xut cc in cc dn v minh b ch di s gim st ca gio s Philippe Poulin.
Xem xt cui cng: 19 thng 7 nm 2011

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