CHNG 1 : NGUYN T

Bi 1. Cho bit 1u = 1,6605.10-27kg, nguyn t khi ca oxi bng 15,999. Hy tnh khi lng ca mt nguyn t oxi ra kg. Bi 3. Trong 1,5 kg ng c bao nhiu gan electron ? Cho bit 1 mol nguyn t ng c khi lng bng 63,546 gam, mt nguyn t ng c 29 electron. Bi 4. Nu thc nghim nhn rng nguyn t Ca, Cu u c dng hnh cu , sp xp t kht bn cnh nhau th th tch chim bi cc nguyn t kim loi ch bng 74% so vi ton th tch khi tinh th. Khi lng ring iu kin tiu chun ca chng th rn tng ng l 1,55g/cm3; 8,9g/cm3 v nguyn t khi ca canxi l 40,08u, ca ng l 63,546u. Hy tnh bn knh nguyn t Ca v nguyn t Cu. 39 81 40 Br ; 19 Ar . K ; 18 Bi 5. Cho cc nguyn t c k hiu : 35 a.Hy xc nh s proton, s ntron, s electron v in tch ht nhn nguyn t ca chng. b.Vit cu hnh e ca ion Br-, K+ Bi 6. Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X c tng s ht c bn (e, p, n) l 82, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 22. a) Xc nh s hiu nguyn t, s khi v k hiu nguyn t. b) Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t X v ca ion to thnh t X. Bi 7. Mt kim loi M c tng s khi bng 54, tng s ht p, n, e trong ion M2+ l 78. Vy nguyn t kim loi M c k hiu no sau y? 54 54 54 54 25 Mn , 26 Fe , 27 Co . 24 Cr , Bi 8. Bit rng tng s cc loi ht (p, n, e) trong nguyn t R l 40, trong ht khng mang in km hn s ht mang in l 12. Xc nh tn ca nguyn t R v vit k hiu nguyn t R ( Bit ZNa=11, ZMg=12, ZAl=13, ZCa=20, ZK=19). Bi 9. Hp cht Y c cng thc MX2 trong M chim 46,67% v khi lng. Trong ht nhn M c s ntron nhiu hn s proton l 4 ht. Trong ht nhn X s ntron bng s proton. Tng s proton trong NX2 l 58. a) Tm AM v AX. b) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca MX2. 2 Bi 10. Cho bit tng s electron trong ion AB 3 l 42. Trong cc ht nhn ca A cng nh B s proton bng s ntron. Xc nh s khi ca A, B. Bit s khi ca A gp i ca B. 79 81 Bi 11. Trong t nhin brom c hai ng v bn : 35 Br chim 50,69% s nguyn t v 35 Br chim 49,31% s nguyn t. Hy tm nguyn t khi trung bnh ca brom. 11 10 Bi 12. Bo trong t nhin c hai ng v bn: 10 5 B v 5 B . Mi khi c 760 nguyn t 5 B th c bao nhiu 11 nguyn t ng v 5 B . Bit AB = 10,81. X1 c s ntron bng s proton. Hy tm s ntron trong nguyn t ca mi loi ng v Bi 13. Cho hp cht XY2 to bi hai nguyn t X, Y. Y c hai ng v : 79Y chim 55% s nguyn t Y v ng v 81Y . Trong XY2, phn trm khi lng ca X l bng 28,51%. Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X, Y. 2 H trong 1 ml nc ( cho Bi 14. Hiro c nguyn t khi l 1,008. Hi c bao nhiu nguyn t ca ng v 1 1 2 rng trong nc ch c ng v 1 H v 1 H ) ? ( Cho khi lng ring ca nc l 1 g/ml) Bi 15. Agon tch ra t khng kh l hn hp ba ng v : 99,6% 40 Ar ; 0,063% 38 Ar ; 0,337% 36 Ar . Tnh th tch ca 15 g Ar iu kin tiu chun. 1 2 H v 1 D . Hi Bi 16. Hiro c iu ch bng cch in phn nc, hiro gm hai loi ng v 1 2 trong 100 g nc ni trn c bao nhiu ng v 1 D ? Bit rng nguyn t khi ca hiro l 1,008 v oxi l 16. 32 23 S , 11 Na . Hy xc nh s ht electron v tng s cc ht c trong ion Bi 17. Cho bit cc nguyn t 16 2+ S , Na v vit cu hnh e ca cc ion Bi 18. Cho cc ion : NO 3 , NH + 4 , HSO 4 , bit ZN = 7; ZO = 8 ; ZH = 1 ; ZS = 16. Hy xc nh : - Tng s ht proton , electron c trong cc ion .

- Tng s ht ntron c trong c trong cc ht nhn nguyn t to nn cc ion . Bi 19. Nguyn t A c cu hnh electron ngoi cng l 3p4 . T l ntron v proton l 1:1. nguyn t B c s ntron bng 1,25 ln s ntron ca A. Khi cho 7,8 gam B tc dng vi lng d A ta thu c 11 g hp cht B2A. Xc nh s th t , s khi ca A, B. Bi 20. Hy vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t sau: 6 C , 8 O , 12 Mg , 15 P , 20 Ca , 18 Ar , 32 Ge , 35 Br, 30 Zn , 29 Cu . Cho bit nguyn t no l kim loi , nguyn t no l phi kim, nguyn t no l kh him? V sao? Vit cu hnh e ca C4-, O2-, Mg2+, P3-, Ca2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ Bi 21. Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t c s hiu sau : Sr (Z = 21) ; Ti (Z=22) ; V (Z=23) ; Cr (Z=24) ; Mn (Z=25) ; Co (Z=27) ; Ni (Z=28) . Bi 22.a) Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s e trn lp th N l 6. Hy vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X. b) Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c tng s electron cc phn lp p l 11. Hy vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Y. Bi 23. a.Ion X3+ c cu hnh e phn lp ngoi cng l 3d3. Vit cu hnh e ca X v xc nh p v e ca X b.ion Y2+ c cu hnh e phn lp ngoi cng l 3d10. Vit cu hnh e ca Y v xc nh p v e ca Y Bi 24. Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t R v ion X2- , Y+ u l 4s24p6. Hy vit cu hnh electron nguyn t R, X, Y v cho bit nguyn t no l phi kim, kim loi hay lng tnh ? Bi 25. Nguyn t A khng phi l kh him , nguyn t c phn lp electrron ngoi cng l 4p. Nguyn t ca nguyn t B c phn lp electron ngoi cng l 4s. a) Nguyn t no l kim loi , l phi kim ? b) Xc nh cu hnh electron ca A v B. Bit tng s electron ca 2 phn lp ngoi cng ca A v B bng 7. Bi 26. Nguyn t ca nguyn t A c tng s electron trong cc phn lp p l 7. Nguyn t ca nguyn t B c tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht khng mang in l 8. Xc nh A, B. Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t A, B. Bi 27. Phn lp electron cui cng ca hai nguyn t A, B ln lt l 3p, 4s . Tng s electron ca hai phn lp ny l 5, hiu s electron ca hai phn lp ny l 3. a) Xc nh in tch ht nhn ca hai nguyn t A v B. b) S ntron ca nguyn t B ln hn s ntron trong nguyn t A l 4 ht v tng s khi ca A v B l 71. Xc nh s khi ca A v B. Bi 28. Tng s ht proton , ntron , electron ca nguyn t mt nguyn t kim loi l 34. a) Xc nh tn nguyn t da vo bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc). b) Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t ca nguyn t . c) Tnh tng obitan v s electron trong nguyn t ca nguyn t trng thi c bn. Bi 29. Mt loi kh clo c cha hai ng v v clo tacdng vi H2, ly sn phm ho tan vo nc c dung dch A. Chia dung dch A thnh hai phn bng nhau : Phn 1: trung ho ht 125 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,88M . Phn 2: Cho tc dng vi AgNO3 d thu c 31,57 gam kt ta . Tnh phn trm s nguyn t ca mi ng v . Cu 30. Nguyn t X , ion Y2+ v ion B- u c cu hnh electron l 1s22s22p63s23p6. a) Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca Y v B . b) Cu hnh electron trn c th l cu hnh ca nhng nguyn t , ion no ?