Phng php quan trc sinh hc cho h lu vc sng Mekong

Dng Tr Dng

Gii thiu
Quan trc sinh hc (QTSH) l s dng mt cch c h thng cc p ng sinh hc nh gi cc bin i mi trng. y l cng c qun l ti nguyn nc c gi tr v chng khng i hi thit b t tin, chi ph khng cao khi kim tra v vn hnh Kh khn cc nc ang pht trin l thiu thng tin nn, kha phn loi v nhn lc ti cc a phng. T nm 2003 QTSH c tin hnh nh 1 phn ca chng trnh quan trc sc khe sinh thi. S kt hp gia cc yu t ha l v cc thng tin v QTSH rt c ch v khu h sinh vt sng rt nhy cm vi s thay i cc yu t ha l mi trng
D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G

Gii thiu (tt)

Nm 1995 MRC c thnh lp trong khun kh tha thun quc t bo v mi trng, ti nguyn thin nhin, cc iu kin v s sng trong nc v s cn bng sinh thi ca lu vc sng Mekong. Nm 2002 cc chuyn gia ca quc gia thuc Mekong, cc thnh vin ca MRC v t vn quc t tho lun v kh nng pht trin chng trnh quan trc sc khe mi trng cho h lu sng Mekong v nhnh chnh ca n. 2003 tin hnh kho st thm d th nghim tim nng s dng cc nhm sinh vt v mt qu trnh sinh thi trong vic quan trc thng xuyn sc khe sinh thi ca sng Mekong v cc nhnh chnh ca n
D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G

Gii thiu (tt)

Cc nhm sinh vt v qu trnh sinh thi c chn quan trc c nhng c tnh sau - tc tch t sinh khi ca to khu v mt s loi to khc c xem l c s nh gi s thnh vng ca ngnh thy sn trn sng Mekong. S dng cch tnh sn lng s cp (NSSH bc I) khng hiu qu v phi tn thi gian (t nht l 1 gi, xem s bin ng sinh lng) v mang theo nhiu thit b phn tch. - to y c chn v chng l thc n ca c v ng vt y c ln, phn to ln c th s dng lm thc n cho ngi, Khng th thu thp c to ln v sinh khi ca chng thp.
D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G

Gii thiu (tt)

- ng vt ph du l thc n ca cc loi c - ng vt y c ln ven b c th nhn thy bng mt thng v chng cng l thc n ca cc loi c. - c l thc n ca con ngi sng trn sng Mekong. Khng th thu cc mu c trong mt li nh bt nn khng s liu tin cy nh gi. Do tip tc th nghim thu mu la chn cc loi lm sinh vt ch th
D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G

Gii thiu (tt)

T nm 2004-2007 tin hnh quan trc hng nm nhm la chn cc loi sinh vt ch th cho sc khe sinh thi. - Cc nhm sinh vt la chn c kho st ti cc v tr c nhiu ngha v qun l khp lu vc sng mekong. - chn cc v tr tham chiu to ra im chun sinh hc cho cc v tr khc so snh. - Xc nh r c tnh ca cc nhm sinh vt c kh nng th hin nhng tc ng xu n h sinh thi thy vc - S dng cc gi tr ch th sinh hc cc v tr tham chiu pht trin b tiu ch xp hn v phn loi cc v tr kho st khc
D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G

Gii thiu (tt)

Nm 2008 chng trnh quan trc c chuyn giao n cc c quan chuyn ngnh ca quc gia thnh vin qua y ban sng Mekong quc gia (NMCs). Mi quc gia chn 8 v tr trong quc gia kho st v tin hnh ton b qu trnh t thu mu, nhn dng, phn tch v vit bo co Nm 2010: xut bn ti liu phng php thu mu Cc nm tip theo: - xut bn b su tp v ng vt y c ln ven b; - xut bn sch nh danh ng vt ph du trn sng Mekong v - xut bn sch nhn dng to y h lu sng Mekong.
D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G

Cc ch th ha l v sinh hc
Chn nhm sinh vt ch th Chu , 80% chng trnh quan trc sc khe sinh thi dng ng vt kxs v to khu lm sinh vt ch th. Trn sng Mekong s dng 4 loi sinh vt cho tng loi sinh cnh
Sinh vt sng bm (to khu) vng ven b ng vt kxs ven b c ln (vng ven b) ng vt kxs c ln (vng nc su) ng vt ni (trong ct nc)

D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G

Cc ch th ha l v sinh hc (tt)
Cch tip cn phn tch trong qua trc sinh hc giu loi (richness): s loi ca 1 nhm sv. phong ph (abundance): s c th Cc ch s a dng v tnh ng u: s phn b cc c th ca cc n v phn loi. Cc ch s hu sinh: sc chu ng trung bnh ca cc n v phn loi (ATSPT). Khi phn tch cc ch s ny ta c th phn tch n bin (SPSS) hay a bin (Primer) ti mt v tr kho st
D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G

Cc ch th ha l v sinh hc (tt)
Chn cc thng s ha l trong quan trc sinh hc c c hn 100 nm dng sinh vt nh gi sc khe sinh thi nhng nhiu nc khc li s dng cc thng s ha l nh gi. Ngy nay kt hp c hai v ha l th hin ti thi im thu mu cn sinh vt c th biu th c nhng bin i mi trng trong qu kh thng qua vng i. Cc thng s ha l bao gm trong, c, nhit , DO, pH v EC. Ch phi hiu chnh v tun th nghim nht cc qui nh khi s dng cc thit b o bng in cc.
D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G

Cc ch th ha l v sinh hc (tt)
nh gi tim nng sinh hc ca mt v tr Tng tc gia cc yu t thy vn v a mo to nn nhng sinh cnh khc nhau. Cht lng ni sng v cht lng nc hnh thnh nn kiu qun x. Nu ch ci thin cht lng nc m khng ci thin sinh cnh c th khng ci thin c iu kin sinh hc nn cht lng ni sng l yu t thit yu ca chng trnh quan trc /phiu d liu thc a v phiu cho im nhiu ng v tr/. To y b nh hng mnh bi cc kiu nn y, kt cu v mc b trm tch. ng vt ni v ng vt y thch ng mnh vi dng chy
D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G

To khu sng bm
Nghin cu nh lng to khu sng bm cho bit phn ng nhanh vi cc thay i mi trng. Kt qu phn tch c so snh vi cc c s d liu v tiu chun thit lp t trc do cn phi thc hin chnh xc phng php. To y cng b nh hng bi xuyn thu nh sng nn cng ph thuc vo trong do phiu d liu thc a cng c in vo y v chnh xc.
D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G

To khu sng bm (tt)

Trnh t thc a Ly mu ni c su < 1m v nn y , mi vin c din tch > 10 cm2, bi di hn 100 m. Nu ni khng c th thu mu cy hay gi th nhn to Mi v tr thu 10 mu, mi mu cch nhau 10 m. Chn c ph lp mng mu nu hay khi s vo c cm gic trt. C nh bng dung dch Lugol (5g iod + 10 g KI trong 300 mL nc) 3 git cho 100 mL mu Ghi nhn cho tng l mu, nn nh ghi chp v kiu nn y, tn ngi thu mu vo s
D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G

To khu sng bm (tt)

Cch thu v c nh mu to khu sng bm Chun b ly mu

Chn v tr ly mu

Chn mu

Cch ly mu

D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G

To khu sng bm (tt)

Trnh t phng th nghim Mu th c quay ly tm vi tc 3500 rpm. Ht ly phn to (lp nu ni trn) cho vo ng nghim 18 cm Cho 2 mL acid m c vo ng nghim ri un nng trong ni chng (70-80oC) trong 30-45 pht. Sau ra bng dung dch gii ion 4-5 ln. Ly 1 git ln lame cho kh, ly mu ny quan st hay lm tiu bn. Nhng loi cha c tn loi s c t tn theo s, th d nh Xxxx sp1, Xxxx sp2 Tn loi ny c s dng sut qu trnh cho n khi c xc nh. Xc nh s loi trong 0.2 cm2, m s lng trong 0.02 mL
D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G

To khu sng bm (tt)

D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G

ng vt ni
Nghin cu ng vt ni v mt nh lng phn nh sinh hc mi trng v ha tnh ca ct nc trong khi nhiu loi ch th khc th hin mc tc ng ha tnh ca nc v tnh cht nn y Thng tin thu c phi so snh vi cc c s d liu v tiu chun thit lp t trc do cn phi thc hin chnh xc phng php.
D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G

ng vt ni (tt)
Cc trnh t thc a Ghi phiu d liu thc a chnh xc v v tr v c im a hnh Ly 3 mu ti 1 v tr: 1) cch b 4-5m bn tri, 2) cch b bn phi 4-5m v 3) gia dng Mu thu cch v tr nhim tim nng (mnh v, thc vt) 1m hay cch b (thng ng) 2 m. Nu nc chy qu mnh c th khng thu gia dng c th mu 3 thu lch v 1 b nhng khng qu gn 1 trong 2 mu kia Ra sch dng c thu mu loi b sinh vt v cc vt liu khc bm vo ln trc
D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G

ng vt ni (tt)

D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G

ng vt ni (tt)
Cc trnh t phng th nghim Dng kp gp cc loi rc ln Cho mu vo ng ong, lng 1 gi ri ht nc ra cn 50 mL Cho mu vo da Petri v quan st cc loi c kch thc ln (>50 mm) phng i 40 x. Quan st phng i 100 hay 400 xc nh cc loi nh hn nh lng n loi v m ton b s lng sinh vt c trong mu Sau khi phn tch tnh giu loi, mt v ATSPT
D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G

ng vt ni (tt)

D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G

ng vt kxs ln ven b
L nhng loi ng vt kxs c th nhn bng mt thng (>0,2 mm) xut hin khu vc gn b sng Nghin cu nh lng qun x ng vt kxs c ln ven b s phn nh c cht lng cc khu vc gn vng ven sng v phn nh cc tc ng ca con ngi din ra trn khu vc ny. Thng tin thu c phi so snh vi cc c s d liu v tiu chun thit lp t trc do cn phi thc hin chnh xc phng php.

D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G

ng vt kxs ln ven b
Cc trnh t thc a Ly mu mt bn b sng, pha bi lng v pha ny c nn y thoai thoi v c thc vt ngp nc pht trin to mi trng sng thch hp cho ng vt kxs c ln. C gng trn tng v tr chn cc im c sinh cnh gn ging nhau d so snh Ghi phiu d liu thc a Ra sch dng c trc khi thu mu Dng li qut 30 x 20 cm, mt li 475 mm, thu trong mt on di 20 m
D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G

ng vt kxs ln ven b
Cc trnh t thc a Ngi thu mu ng di nc cch mp nc khong 1.5 m v qut v pha b gn st y sng. Mi ln qut 1 on khong 1 m theo hng thng gc vi b v dch chuyn dn t h ngun n thng ngun v khng nn qut c trm tch. Mi mt mu qut 10 ln v mt v tr thu 10 mu. S loi mu v cho vo l vi ethanol 80% v cui cng khng thp hn 70%
D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G

D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G

ng vt kxs c ln ven b
Trnh t trong phng th nghim S dng knh lp ct lp c phng i ca vt knh l 2 4 x v th knh l 10 x Phn loi n ging Gi mu vt theo kch thc trong cc l khc nhau vi cht c nh l ethanol 70% Tnh phong ph loi, mt , v ch s ATSPT cho mi mu (10 ln qut khong 3 m2)
D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G

ng vt kxs y c ln
L nhng loi ng vt kxs c th nhn bng mt thng (>0,2 mm) xut hin khu vc nc su cch xa ng b sng Nghin cu qun x ng vt kxs c ln sng y s m t c c tnh ca cc ng vt kxs c ln sng y cch xa ng ven b sng. Thng tin thu c phi so snh vi cc c s d liu v tiu chun thit lp t trc do cn phi thc hin chnh xc phng php. S dng gu Petersen c din tch 0.025 m2 thu mu
D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G

ng vt kxs y c ln
Cc trnh t thc a Ghi chp v d liu thc a Ra sch dng c trc khi thu mu Thu 3 v tr ct ngang dng sng (L, R, M), mi mu thu 4 gu, mi v tri thu 3-5 mu. C khi gia dng khng thu mu c do kt cu nn y c bit nn chn v tr khc. Sng nh hn 30 m khng thu gia dng Khi thu nhm g, lm ming gu khng khp c th thu mu li. S loi v c nh mu bng formol c nng cui l 5% hay ethanol khng thp hn 70%
D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G

Chn v tr v thu mu

Quy trnh thu mu ng vt khng xng sng sng y c ln

Loi b bt bn v s la mu

D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G

ng vt kxs y c ln
Trnh t trong phng th nghim S dng knh hin vi hn hp c phng i ca vt knh l 40 1200 ln hay knh hin vi ct lp c phng i 15 - 56 ln. Phn loi n loi cc nhm Oligochaeta, Gastropoda, Bivalvia v Crustacea. Ring lp cn trng c th phn loi n ging. Gi mu vt theo kch thc trong cc l khc nhau vi cht c nh l ethanol 70% Tnh phong ph loi, mt , v ch s ATSPT cho mi mu (0.1 m2) http://www.mrcmekong.org/assets/Publications/reportmanagement-develop/E-biomonitoring-methods.pdf
D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G

D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G