Lesson plan . Subject: Maths.

Title: Triangle Congruence

Grade level: 1th Upper secondary school Author: Giulio Prevedello Time: 2 x 55 minutes Content : Introduction to Triangle Congruence.. Teaching aims: After completing the activity, students should be able to recognize the properties and conditions for congruent triangles and the notation of corresponding sides and angles in congruent triangles. Learning Outcomes Know and objectives what is congruence Be able to: determine if two triangles are congruent and provide the correct They are writing on reason why the triangles are congruent. the board so that Be aware: Proofs of problems learners are clear about what they should achieve by the end of the lessons. Assessment Communication Content and language: Summative (standard test) and formative (informal) assessment. Examples of communication activities: Tell the learners they have to work with a partner to explain What is congruence? Solve with partner, simple problems proposed Know Congruence and the Criteria for triangles Congruence: SSS, ASA, SAS and AAS Knowing how to use Geogebra to resolve problems related to triangles. Follow English instructions on solving problems . Proofs of problems Example of citizenship: lesson video in youtube of classe in other country. Learning Geometry through an Intuitive Approach Language Objectives: After completing the activity, students should be able to: recognize and understand the key English terms related to congruent triangles, e.g., congruent figures, same size, same shape, congruent triangles, fit into each other, rotate, overlap, coincide, corresponding sides, corresponding angles, symbol, position. Understand the English expressions for explaining the properties and conditions for congruent triangles (e.g., If two triangles can fit into each other perfectly, they are congruent triangles. When you cut the triangles out and rotate them, they can exactly overlap/coincide with each other. The overlapping sides are called corresponding sides and the overlapping angles are called corresponding angles. 1/13

Cognition

Thinking Skills Citizenship Procedure Language of learning

use correct notations to indicate the conditions for two triangles to be congruent, e.g., - SSS (side side side) All three corresponding sides are equal in length. See Triangle Congruence (side side side). SAS (side angle side) A pair of corresponding sides and the included angle are equal. See Triangle Congruence (side angle side). ASA (angle side angle) A pair of corresponding angles and the included side are equal. See Triangle Congruence (angle side angle). AAS (angle angle side) A pair of corresponding angles and a non-included side are equal. See Triangle Congruence (angle angle side). -follow English instructions on solving problems concerning this topic and work on related problems written in English. Resources
Use an online dictionary with an audio function to hear maths vocabulary pronounced, e.g. http://www.amathsdictionaryforkids.com/dictionary.html http://www.languageguide.org/im/numbers/eng/extra4.jsp?lang=it Use a grammar reference book in order to practise producing complex sentences such as conditional

Basic use of Geogebra (Software for mathematics) Computer laboratory Projector screen Internet connection

Materials: rulers, compasses, protractors, pencils and visualizer Polygons with geogebra (italiano)
http://www.mathopenref.com/congruenttriangles.html http://www.basic-mathematics.com/congruent-shapes.html
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/maths/geometry/congruencysimilarityrev1.shtml http://www.geogebra.org/en/wiki/index.php/Triangles_English

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FaVABMOymkI https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congruence_%28geometry%29 http://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/triangles-congruent.html http://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/triangles-congruent-finding.html Mathematics C. Meyrick, J. Roberts Oxford (Content and Language support)) http://www.leopoldopirelli.it/documenti/DISPENSE%20DI %20GEOMETRIA-parte%20seconda%20-%20i%20triangoli.pdf Constructing Congruent Triangles 2/13

Subject : Maths
Main points

Title Triangle Congruence

This morning Im going to talk about congruence.

Know meaning of Congruence and the Criteria for triangles Congruence: SSS, ASA, SAS, AAS Knowing how to use Geogebra to resolve problems related to triangles Proofs of problems

Lesson 1 Triangle Congruence

Lesson 1 1. The teacher should introduce the idea of congruence by using circles, quadrilaterals, rectangles and irregular hexagons as examples. If two figures can fit into each other, that is, they have the same size and shape, they are congruent figures. 1. Circles

Their radii are equal.

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Other examples of congruent shapes or figures

2. The teacher should then ask the students to give the conditions which make 2 triangles congruent. (What are the conditions, so that the two triangles are congruent? (Two triangles are congruent, if they have exactly the same three sides and exactly the same three angles) 3. SSS: Using a visualizer, the teacher should demonstrate how to construct triangles with sides a, b, c assigned with Geogebra. Build three sliders a, b, c with range min: 0 max: 10. Set the values of the slider on the measures of the sides of the triangle to build, moving the sliders. Draw the segment of length assigned a Draw the circle with center B and radius b Draw the circle with center A and radius c 4/13

 Determines the intersection points C and D of the two circumferences. Draw the triangle ABC.

4. The teacher should ask students to work in groups of four to construct triangles of given Sides (with Geogebra). http://www.geogebra.org/en/upload/files/moloughlin/Congruent_Triangles___SSS.html 5. The teacher should then ask students to compare their triangles and see if they can draw triangles with different shapes but with the same sides. 6. The teacher should then help the students to draw the conclusion: two triangles are congruent if their corresponding sides are equal (SSS). Congruent Triangles SSS ____________________________________________________________________________

Lesson 2 SAS
1. The teacher should continue to ask students to draw triangles with two given sides and a given included angle. Similar to the previous lesson, students should compare their triangles with those of their group-mates and the teacher should guide students to come to the conclusion that SAS is a sufficient condition for two triangles to be congruent.
1.

Congruent Triangles SAS Interactive sheet to show how SAS is sufficient for two triangles to be congruent. By Michael O'Loughlin Congruent Triangles SAS

2.

(SAS: Drawing the segments AB and CD, to fix the extent of two sides, and an angle (EFG) to fix the measurement of the angle between them, draws a point F as the first vertex of the new triangle. 5/13

Then trace a vector from F to the new point to make a translation of the angle to the vertex, you know that the translation is a rigid transformation that guarantees the congruence Make now a translation of the sides of the angle. On the sides of the new angle you have to take two segments congruent to AB and CD respectively, to make it drawing two circles with center F' and rays AB and CD, using the compass function. The intersection points between the sides of the angle and the circumferences so constructed are the other vertices of the triangle. The triangle thus obtained is unique.)

Lesson 3 ASA 1. After students have understood the idea of SAS, the teacher should ask them to draw triangles with two given angles and one given side between the two angles. Congruent Triangles ASA Interactive sheet to show how ASA is sufficient for two triangles to be congruent. By Michael O'Loughlin

Congruent Triangles ASA 2. Students should then compare their triangles with their group-mates to see if the triangles are congruent.. 3. The teacher should then draw the conclusion: two triangles are congruent if 2 corresponding angles and the included side are equal (ASA). Lesson 4 1. Using the examples in the worksheet, the teacher can explain to the students what 6/13

corresponding sides and angles are. The teacher should stress that it is important to write the name of the congruent triangles correctly (according to the corresponding sides and angles). 2. In order to check students understanding, the teacher should ask the students to practise doing the exercise Part A (if the students are not very familiar with the concept, the teacher can provide more examples and practise on the blackboard). 3. When the teacher thinks that students have understood the idea, he/she can ask the students to finish the classwork in Part B, which is an exercise to check their understanding of this lesson and also the previous one

Notation of Congruence and Congruent Triangles

Definition of Congruence (geometry)

In geometry, two figures or objects are congruent if they have the same shape and size.

Congruent Triangles
Triangles are congruent when they have exactly the same three sides and exactly the same three angles.

What is "Congruent" ... ?

It means that one shape can become another using Turns, Flips and/or Slides:

Rotation

Turn!

Reflection

Flip!

Translation

Slide!

Triangle Congruence
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Determining congruence.

Sufficient evidence for congruence between two triangles can be shown through the following comparisons: SAS (Side-Angle-Side): If two pairs of sides of two triangles are equal in length, and the included angles are equal in measurement, then the triangles are congruent.

SSS (Side-Side-Side): If three pairs of sides of two triangles are equal in length, then the triangles are congruent.

ASA (Angle-Side-Angle): If two pairs of angles of two triangles are equal in measurement, and the included sides are equal in length, then the triangles are congruent

For example:

is congruent to:

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AAS theorem: If a

pair of corresponding angles and a non-included side are equal

Example:

Proof - Triangle Congruence

https://www.khanacademy.org/math/geometry/congruenttriangles/cong_triangle/v/congruent-triangle-proof-example

1. Problem: Is triangle PQR congruent to triangle STV by SAS? Explain.

Solution: Segment PQ is congruent to segment ST because PQ = ST = 4. Angle Q is congruent to angle T because angle Q = angle T = 100 degrees. Segment QR is congruent to segment TV because QR = TV = 5. Triangle PQR is congruent to triangle STV by Side-Angle-Side.

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1. Problem: Show that triangle QYN is congruent to triangle QYP.

Solution: Segment QN is congruent to segment QP and segment YN is congruent to segment YP because that information is given in the figure. Segment YQ is congruent to segment YQ by the Reflexive Property of Congruence, which says any figure is congruent to itself. Triangle QYN is congruent to triangle QYP by Side-Side-Side.

PART A____________________________________________________________

Question

Congruent shapes
1. If two shapes are congruent, they are identical in both shape and size. Remember: Shapes can be congruent even if one of them has been rotated or reflected.

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Question Which of the shapes in the illustration above are congruent?

Answer Did you get the following pairs?

A and G D and I E and J C and H

Remember: Shapes can be congruent even if one of them has been rotated (as in A and G) or reflected (as in C and H). The symbol means 'is congruent to'.

2. For each of the following pairs of triangles, state whether they are congruent. If they are, give a reason for your answer (SSS, SAS, AAS). Pair 1

Pair 2

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Answer 1. Yes. SSS 2. No. The side of length 7cm is not in the same position on both triangles. Therefore, it is not AAS.

PART B__________________VIDEO TUORIAL

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FaVABMOymkI

This is the 8th video in the series Basic Trigonometry, suitable for GCSE and High school math. This video looks at triangle congruency. How one triangle is an exact copy of another in terms of its sides and angles. The five tests to show that one triangle is congruent to another are each explained. The special case of right-angled triangle congruency is dealt with in some detail, using Geogebra constructions. Three worked solutions to congruency problems are included

Writing Two Column Proof - Triangle Congruence

http://youtu.be/vsluxs0B9Gg http://youtu.be/rSNYxIYI8pc Thx for your comments, glad if it helps folks.. Different teachers have different requirements. I choose to first identify them as vertical, then use a vertical angles theorem that says "if two angles are vertical, then they are congruent."
KEY WORDS

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Triangle Geometry and ICT (video, geogebra) interActive Worksheets

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Understanding SAS 3 InterActivities for understanding the SAS side-angle-side property. By Linda Fahlberg-Stojanovska User:LFS Congruent Triangles ASA Interactive sheet to show how ASA is sufficient for two triangles to be congruent. By Michael O'Loughlin Congruent Triangles SAS Interactive sheet to show how SAS is sufficient for two triangles to be congruent. By Michael O'Loughlin Congruent Triangles SSS Interactive sheet to show how SSS is sufficient for two triangles to be congruent. By Michael O'Loughlin Types of Triangles GGB download Creating the various types of triangles according to sides and according to angles. By Ken Frank Naming triangles, sides and angles Basic The vocabulary of Triangles lary. By Ken Frank GGB download An illustration of basic triangle vocabu-

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